List of white dwarfs explained

This is a list of exceptional white dwarf stars.

Firsts

These were the first white dwarfs discovered fitting these conditions

Title	Star	Date	Data	Comments	Notes	Refs
First discovered	Sirius B	1852	Sirius system	Sirius B is also the nearest white dwarf (as of 2005)		^[1]
First found in a binary star system
First double white dwarf system	LDS 275	1944	L 462-56 system			^[2]
First solitary white dwarf	Van Maanen 2	1917		Van Maanen's star is also the nearest solitary white dwarf
First white dwarf with a planet	WD B1620−26	2003	PSR B1620-26 b (planet)	This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the PSR B1620-26 system		^[3] ^[4]
First singular white dwarf with a planet	WD 1145+017	2015	WD 1145+017 b	Planet is extremely small and is disintegrating.
First white dwarf that is a pulsar	AR Scorpii A	2016		The star is in a binary system with a red dwarf		^[5]

Extremes

These are the white dwarfs which are currently known to fit these conditions

Title	Star	Date	Data	Comments	Notes	Refs
Nearest	Sirius	1852	8.6abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered.		^[6]
Farthest	SN UDS10Wil progenitor	2013	10,000,000,000 ly z=1.914	SN Wilson is a type-Ia supernova whose progenitor was a white dwarf		^[7] ^[8] ^[9]
Oldest	WD 0346+246	2021	11.5 billion years			^[10]
Youngest				provisional estimate
Highest surface temperature	RX J0439.8−6809	2015	250000K	This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud		^[11] ^[12]
Lowest surface temperature	PSR J2222–0137 B WD J2147–4035	2021 2022	3000K 3050 K	in binary single		^[13]
Most luminous	Z Andromedae B		1,500 - 9,800 L☉			^[14]
Least luminous	ESO 439-26				likely based on too high of a parallax
Brightest apparent	Sirius B	1852	8.44 (V)
Dimmest apparent
Most massive	ZTF J1901+1458^[15]	2020	1.35 M☉
Least massive	NLTT 11748	2007	0.13–0.16 M☉
Largest	Z Andromedae B		0.17—0.16			^[16]
Smallest	HD 49798	2021				^[17]

Nearest

10 nearest white dwarfs

Star	Distance	Comments	Notes	Refs
Sirius B	8.58ly	Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered. It is part of the Sirius system.		^[18] ^[19]
Procyon B	11.43ly	Part of Procyon system
van Maanen's Star	14.04ly
GJ 440	15.09ly
40 Eridani B	16.25ly	Part of 40 Eridani system
Stein 2051 B	18.06ly	Part of Stein 2051 system
LP 44-113	20ly
G 99-44	20.9ly
L 97-12	25.8ly
Wolf 489	26.7ly

Other notable white dwarfs

• SDSS J1228+1040, a white dwarf with a disk of debris.
• ZTF J203349.8+322901.1, a white dwarf with one side made up of hydrogen and the other of helium, nicknamed Janus^{[20] [21]}

See also

• Lists of astronomical objects
• Lists of stars
• List of exoplanets and planetary debris around white dwarfs

Notes and References

1. Atlas of the Universe, "The Universe within 12.5 Light Years: The Nearest Stars", Richard Powell, 30 July 2006 (accessed 2010-11-01)
2. Note on the Double White Dwarf L 462-56 = LDS 275 . W. J. Luyten . Astrophysical Journal . 100 . 202 . September 1944 . 1944ApJ...100..202L . 10.1086/144658 .
3. A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation . Steinn Sigurdsson . Harvey B. Richer . Brad M. Hansen . Ingrid H. Stairs . Stephen E. Thorsett . July 2003 . 2003Sci...301..193S . 10.1126/science.1086326 . astro-ph/0307339 . Science . 301 . 5630 . 193–196 . 12855802. 39446560 .
4. Web site: Looking for planets around white dwarfs . 20 August 2010 . Professor Astronomy .
5. Web site: Amateurs Help Discover Pulsing White Dwarf. Hambsch. Franz-Josef. Sky and Telescope.
6. BBC News, "Hubble finds mass of white dwarf", Christine McGourty, 14 December 2005 (accessed 2010-11-01)
7. News: Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever . 5 April 2013 . Jason Major . Discovery Channel .
8. Web site: CANDELS Finds the Most Distant Type Ia Supernova Yet Observed . 23 April 2013 . Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) .
9. The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914 . David O. Jones . Steven A. Rodney . Adam G. Riess . Bahram Mobasher . Tomas Dahlen . Curtis McCully . Teddy F. Frederiksen . Stefano Casertano . Jens Hjorth . Charles R. Keeton . Anton Koekemoer . Louis-Gregory Strolger . Tommy G. Wiklind . Peter Challis . Or Graur . Brian Hayden . Brandon Patel . Benjamin J. Weiner . Alexei V. Filippenko . Peter Garnavich . Saurabh W. Jha . Robert P. Kirshner . Henry C. Ferguson . Norman A. Grogin . Dale Kocevski . 1304.0768 . 2013ApJ...768..166J . 10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166 . The Astrophysical Journal . 768 . 2 . 166 . May 2013 . 2 April 2013 . 166. 118890248 .
10. Lacki . Brian C. . Brzycki . Bryan . Croft . Steve . Czech . Daniel . DeBoer . David . DeMarines . Julia . Gajjar . Vishal . Isaacson . Howard . Lebofsky . Matt . MacMahon . David H. E. . Price . Danny C. . Sheikh . Sofia Z. . Siemion . Andrew P. V. . Drew . Jamie . Worden . S. Pete . 2021-11-24 . One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . 257 . 2 . 42 . 10.3847/1538-4365/ac168a . free . 2006.11304 . 2021ApJS..257...42L . 0067-0049.
11. News: The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy . 24 November 2015 . Universitaet Tübingen . Science Daily .
12. Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo . K. Werner . T. Rauch . 584 . December 2015 . A19 . Astronomy and Astrophysics . 10.1051/0004-6361/201527261 . 2015A&A...584A..19W . 1509.08942 . 29 September 2015 . A19. 118458007 .
13. Elms . Abbigail K. . Tremblay . Pier-Emmanuel . Gänsicke . Boris T. . Koester . Detlev . Hollands . Mark A. . Gentile Fusillo . Nicola Pietro . Cunningham . Tim . Apps . Kevin . 2022-12-01 . Spectral analysis of ultra-cool white dwarfs polluted by planetary debris . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 517 . 3 . 4557–4574 . 2206.05258 . 2022MNRAS.517.4557E . 10.1093/mnras/stac2908 . 0035-8711 . free.
14. Sokoloski . J. L. . Kenyon . S. J. . Espey . B. R. . Keyes . Charles D. . McCandliss . S. R. . Kong . A. K. H. . Aufdenberg . J. P. . Filippenko . A. V. . Li . W. . Brocksopp . C. . Kaiser . Christian R. . Charles . P. A. . Rupen . M. P. . Stone . R. P. S. . 2006-01-10 . A "Combination Nova" Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability . The Astrophysical Journal . 636 . 2 . 1002–1019 . 10.1086/498206 . astro-ph/0509638 . 2006ApJ...636.1002S . 8941207 . 0004-637X.
15. Web site: 2021-06-30 . A White Dwarf Living on the Edge . 2023-07-20 . California Institute of Technology . en.
16. Sokoloski . J. L. . Kenyon . S. J. . Espey . B. R. . Keyes . Charles D. . McCandliss . S. R. . Kong . A. K. H. . Aufdenberg . J. P. . Filippenko . A. V. . Li . W. . Brocksopp . C. . Kaiser . Christian R. . Charles . P. A. . Rupen . M. P. . Stone . R. P. S. . 2006-01-01 . A Combination Nova Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability . The Astrophysical Journal . 636 . 2 . 1002–1019 . 10.1086/498206 . astro-ph/0509638 . 2006ApJ...636.1002S . 0004-637X.
17. Web site: New X-ray observations of the hot subdwarf binary HD 49798/RX J0648.0–4418 . 2023-01-08 . academic.oup.com.
18. Web site: White Dwarf Stars Near The Earth . David Taylor . 2012 . The Life and Death of Stars . Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences - Northwestern University .
19. Web site: White dwarfs within 10 parsecs . 2011 . Sol Station .
20. Caiazzo . Ilaria . Burdge . Kevin B. . Tremblay . Pier-Emmanuel . Fuller . James . Ferrario . Lilia . Gänsicke . Boris T. . Hermes . J. J. . Heyl . Jeremy . Kawka . Adela . Kulkarni . S. R. . Marsh . Thomas R. . Mróz . Przemek . Prince . Thomas A. . Richer . Harvey B. . Rodriguez . Antonio C. . 2023-07-19 . A rotating white dwarf shows different compositions on its opposite faces . Nature . 620 . 7972 . en . 61–66 . 10.1038/s41586-023-06171-9 . 1476-4687. 2308.07430 . 2023Natur.620...61C .
21. Web site: 2023-07-19 . Two-Faced Star Exposed . 2023-07-31 . California Institute of Technology . en.