List of wheat diseases explained

This article is a list of diseases of wheat (Triticum spp.) grouped by causative agent.

Bacterial diseases

Bacterial diseases
Bacterial leaf blight	Pseudomonas syringae ssp. syringae
Bacterial mosaic	Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. tessellarius
Bacterial sheath rot	Pseudomonas fuscovaginae
Basal glume rot	Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens
Black chaff = bacterial leaf streak	Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens
Pink seed	Erwinia rhapontici
Spike blight = gummosis	Rathayibacter tritici Clavibacter tritici Corynebacterium michiganense pv. tritici Cl. iranicus

Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases
Alternaria leaf blight^[1]	Alternaria triticina
	Glomerella graminicola (anamorph Colletotrichum graminicola)
Ascochyta leaf spot	Ascochyta tritici
Aureobasidium decay	Microdochium bolleyi Aureobasidium bolleyi
Black head molds = sooty molds	Alternaria spp. Cladosporium spp. Epicoccum spp. Sporobolomyces spp. Stemphylium spp. and other genera
Black point = kernel smudge	associated with fungal infection, primarily:^[2] Alternaria spp. Cochliobolus sativus Cladosporium spp.
Cephalosporium stripe	Hymenula cerealis Cephalosporium gramineum
Common bunt = stinking smut	Tilletia tritici Tilletia caries Tilletia laevis Tilletia foetida
Common root rot	Cochliobolus sativus [teleomorph] Bipolaris sorokiniana [anamorph] syn. Helminthosporium sativum
Cottony snow mold	Coprinus psychromorbidus
crown rot of wheatCrown rot = foot rot, seedling blight, dryland root rot	Fusarium spp. Fusarium pseudograminearum Gibberella zeae Fusarium graminearum Group II [anamorph] Gibberella avenacea Fusarium avenaceum [anamorph] Fusarium culmorum
Dilophospora leaf spot = twist	Dilophospora alopecuri
Downy mildew = crazy top	Sclerophthora macrospora
Dwarf bunt	Tilletia controversa
Ergot	Claviceps purpurea Sphacelia segetum [anamorph]
Eyespot = foot rot, strawbreaker	Tapesia yallundae Ramulispora herpotrichoides [anamorph] Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides W-pathotype Tapesia acuformis Ramulispora acuformis [anamorph] Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides var. acuformis R-pathoytpe
False eyespot	Gibellina cerealis
Flag smut	Urocystis agropyri
Foot rot = dryland foot rot	Fusarium spp.
Halo spot	Pseudoseptoria donacis Selenophoma donacis
	Tilletia indica syn. Neovossia indica
	Puccinia triticina syn. Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Puccinia tritici-duri
Leptosphaeria leaf spot	Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides Leptosphaeria herpotrichoides Stagonospora sp. [anamorph]
Loose smut	Ustilago tritici Ustilago segetum var. tritici Ustilago segetum var. nuda Ustilago segetum var. avenae
Microscopica leaf spot	Phaeosphaeria microscopica syn. Leptosphaeria microscopica
Phoma spot	Phoma spp. Phoma glomerata Phoma sorghina Phoma insidiosa
	Microdochium nivale Fusarium nivale Monographella nivalis [teleomorph]
Platyspora leaf spot	Clathrospora pentamera Platyspora pentamera
Powdery mildew	Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici Blumeria graminis Erysiphe graminis Oidium monilioides [anamorph]
Pythium root rot	Pythium aphanidermatum Pythium arrhenomanes Pythium graminicola Pythium myriotylum Pythium volutum
Rhizoctonia root rot	Rhizoctonia solani Thanatephorus cucumeris [teleomorph]
Ring spot = Wirrega blotch	Pyrenophora seminiperda Drechslera campanulata Drechslera wirreganensis
Scab = head blight = Fusarium head blight (FHB)^[3]	Fusarium spp. Gibberella zeae Fusarium graminearum Group II [anamorph] Gibberella avenacea Fusarium avenaceum [anamorph] Fusarium culmorum Microdochium nivale Fusarium nivale Monographella nivalis [teleomorph]
Sclerotinia snow mold = snow scald	Myriosclerotinia borealis Sclerotinia borealis
Sclerotium wilt (see Southern blight)	Sclerotium rolfsii Athelia rolfsii [teleomorph]
Septoria blotch^[4]	Septoria tritici Mycosphaerella graminicola [teleomorph]
Sharp eyespot	Rhizoctonia cerealis Ceratobasidium cereale [teleomorph]
Snow rot	Pythium spp. Pythium aristosporum Pythium iwayamae Pythium okanoganense
Southern blight = Sclerotium base rot	Sclerotium rolfsii Athelia rolfsii [teleomorph]
Speckled snow mold = gray snow mold or Typhula blight	Typhula idahoensis Typhula incarnata Typhula ishikariensis Typhula ishikariensis var. canadensis
Spot blotch	Cochliobolus sativus [teleomorph] Bipolaris sorokiniana [anamorph] Helminthosporium sativum
Stagonospora blotch	Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. triticae Stagonospora avenae f.sp. triticae [anamorph] Septoria avenae f.sp. triticea Phaeosphaeria nodorum Stagonospora nodorum [anamorph] Septoria nodorum
Stem rust = black rust	Puccinia graminis Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Ug99)
Storage molds	Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp. and others
Stripe rust = yellow rust	Puccinia striiformis Uredo glumarum [anamorph]
Take-all	Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae
Tan spot = yellow leaf spot, red smudge	Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Drechslera tritici-repentis [anamorph]
Tar spot	Phyllachora graminis Linochora graminis [anamorph]
Wheat Blast	Magnaporthe grisea
Zoosporic root rot	Lagena radicicola Ligniera pilorum Olpidium brassicae Rhizophydium graminis

Viral diseases

Viral diseases
African cereal streak	see Maize streak
Agropyron mosaic	genus Rymovirus, Agropyron mosaic virus (AgMV)
Australian wheat striate mosaic	see Chloris striate mosaic
Barley stripe mosaic	genus Hordeivirus, Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)
Barley yellow dwarf	genus Luteovirus, Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)
Barley yellow streak mosaic
Barley yellow striate mosaic	genus Cytorhabdovirus, Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV)
Barley yellow stripe	see Barley stripe mosaic
Cereal northern mosaic	genus Cytorhabdovirus, Cereal northern mosaic virus (NCMV)
Cereal tillering
Chloris striate mosaic	genus Monogeminivirus, Chloris striate mosaic virus (CSMV)
Cocksfoot mottle	genus Sobemovirus, Cocksfoot mottle virus (CoMV)
Eastern wheat striate
Enanismo	Probable virus or phytoplasma
	Probable virus. Vectored by wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella
Maize streak	genus Monogeminivirus, Maize streak virus (MSV)
Northern cereal mosaic	genus Cytorhabdovirus, Cereal northern mosaic virus (NCMV)
Oat sterile dwarf	genus Fijivirus, Oat sterile dwarf virus (OSDV)
Rice black-streaked dwarf	genus Fijivirus, Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV)
Rice hoja blanca	genus Tenuivirus, Rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV)
Russian winter wheat mosaic	genus Cytorhabdovirus, Russian winter wheat mosaic virus (WWRMV)
Seedborne wheat yellows	Seedborne wheat yellows viroid
Tobacco mosaic	genus Tobamovirus, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Wheat American striate mosaic	genus Nucleorhabdovirus, Wheat American striate mosaic virus (WASMV)
Wheat chlorotic streak = Wheat chlorotic streak mosaic	see Barley yellow striate mosaic
Wheat dwarf	genus Monogeminivirus, Wheat dwarf virus (WDV)
Wheat European striate mosaic	genus Tenuivirus, Wheat European striate mosaic virus (EWSMV)
genus Emaravirus, Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV)
Wheat rosette stunt	see Cereal northern mosaic
Wheat soilborne mosaic	genus Furovirus, Wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (SBWMV)
Wheat soilborne yellow mosaic
Wheat spindle streak mosaic	a strain of Wheat yellow mosaic virus
Wheat spot mosaic	Probable virus or phytoplasma
Wheat streak mosaic	genus Tritimovirus, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV)
Wheat striate mosaic	see Wheat American striate mosaic
Wheat yellow leaf	genus Closterovirus, Wheat yellow leaf virus (WYLV)
Wheat yellow mosaic

Nematodes, parasitic

Nematodes, parasitic
Cereal cyst nematode^[5]	Heterodera avenae
Grass cyst nematode	Punctodera punctata
Root gall nematode	Subanguina spp.
	Meloidogyne spp. Meloidogyne naasi Meloidogyne chitwoodi
Seed gall = ear-cockle nematode = wheat gall nematode	Anguina tritici

References

• Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society

Further reading

• Book: Bockus, William W.. 2010. Compendium of wheat diseases and pests. third. St. Paul, Minnesota. APS Press. 978-0-89054-385-6. etal.
• Book: Wiese, Maurice Victor. 1987. Compendium of Wheat Diseases. second. St. Paul, Minnesota. APS Press . 978-0-89054-076-3., earlier but more detail
• Book: Gair, R . Jenkins, J. E. E. . Lester, E. . Bassett, Peter . amp. 1987. Cereal Pests and Diseases. fourth. Ipswich, England. Farming Press. 978-0-85236-164-1.

Notes and References

1. Chalkley, D.. 2010. Invasive Fungi: Alternaria leaf blight of wheat - Alternaria triticina . Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA ARS) . https://web.archive.org/web/20141029172135/http://nt.ars-grin.gov/taxadescriptions/factsheets/index.cfm?thisapp=Alternariatriticina. 29 October 2014. live.
2. Web site: Watkins, John E.. Black Point Disease of Wheat. Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. https://web.archive.org/web/20141025203331/http://www.totoagriculture.org/PDFs/PlantDiseasesPests/41.pdf. 25 October 2014. live.
3. Zhang, Julia X. . Jin, Yue . Rudd, Jackie C. . Bockelman, Harold E. . amp. 2008. New Fusarium Head Blight Resistant Spring Wheat Germplasm Identified in the USDA National Small Grains Collection. Crop Science. 48. 223 - 235. https://web.archive.org/web/20140811084520/http://amarillo.tamu.edu/files/2010/12/New-Fusarium-head-blight-resistant-spring-wheat-germplasm-identified-in-the-USDA-national-small-grains-collection-.pdf. 11 August 2014. live . 10.2135/cropsci2007.02.0116.
4. Web site: Septoria Leaf Blotch, Stagonospora Glume Blotch. 4 November 2008. Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas A&M University . https://web.archive.org/web/20140811063444/http://amarillo.tamu.edu/files/2010/11/SeptoriaStagonospora.pdf. 11 August 2014. live.
5. Web site: Wong, J.. Wheat Diseases and Pests: a guide for field identification. United States Department of Agriculture. etal.