List of weapons of the Portuguese Colonial War explained

The Portuguese Colonial War (Portuguese: Guerra Colonial), also referred to as the Portuguese Overseas War or Overseas War (Portuguese: Guerra do Ultramar) for short, was a military conflict staged during the Decolonisation of Africa that pitted the guerrilla forces of the African nationalist Liberation movements of the Guinea-Bissau, Angola and Mozambique overseas provinces, which were part of the Portuguese Empire, against the colonial armed and security forces loyal to the authoritarian Estado Novo regime of Portugal, between 1961 and 1975. Main combatants comprised:

An eclectic variety of weapons was used by all sides in the Portuguese Colonial War. The Portuguese Military and Security Forces serving in the African territories were equipped with Western-made weapon systems from both World War I and World War II, mainly Portuguese, Austro-Hungarian, Danish, German, Italian, French, Canadian and British in origin, but also included more modern Portuguese, Spanish, French, British, Belgian, Dutch, West German, American and South African military hardware. During the early phase of the war, the African Liberation Movements likewise were largely equipped with WWII-vintage Western arms and munitions, though as the war went on, Soviet, Eastern Bloc and Chinese weaponry began to play a major role, particularly after 1970.[7]

Portuguese Military and Security Forces equipment

Revolvers

Received from the Portuguese Army or privately purchased, used by colonial public servants and officials as personal side-arms for self-defence.[10]

Pistols

used early in the War in Angola.[15] [16]

Submachine guns

limited use early in the War.[19] [20] [21]

limited use early in the War.[22]

used early in the War.[23] [24] [25] [26] [27]

limited use in the War in Angola.[31]

used by settler militias early in the War in Angola.[32] [33] [34]

used by the PSP and militia personnel.[35] [36] [30]

Bolt-action rifles

limited use early in the War by militia personnel.[38] [39]

used by settler militias early in the War in Angola.[43]

used by settler militias early in the War in Angola.[44]

Battle rifles

variants employed comprised the Belgium-built standard FAL (50.00 model), the West German G1 and the South African Vektor R1, all used mainly in Guinea-Bissau and Angola.[50] [51] [52] [53]

Heckler & Koch G3A3 and G3A4 variants.[45] [54] [55] [56] [52] [57]

Captured.[58]

Captured.

Sniper rifles

fitted with A.I.-modified upper receivers to mount 3× or 3.6× telescopic sights, employed as a designated marksman rifle.[45] [46]

Light machine guns

used early in the War by armoured cavalry units.[59] [60] [61]

used early in the War by armoured cavalry units.[62] [63]

used early in the War.[64] [65]

Captured.

Captured.[66]

General-purpose machine guns

used early in the War.[71] [72]

used early in the War.[72]

limited use late in the War.[66]

Medium and Heavy machine guns

used early in the War.[75] [76] [72]

fitted on Stuart M5A1 light tanks in Angola.[77]

assigned mainly to Anti-aircraft defense.[78] [72]

Grenade systems

Land mine systems

Bombs and explosives

Rocket systems

Anti-tank rockets and Grenade launchers

Recoilless rifles

Captured.

Mortars

Howitzers

Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

fitted on Berliet-Tramagal "mine-crusher" trucks, employed in the direct fire support role.[104] [105]

Armoured vehicles

limited use late in the War in Angola.[115] [123]

Escort, transport and recovery vehicles

Helicopters

Aircraft

Naval and River craft

used by the Portuguese Navy and the Portuguese Marine Corps.[178] [179]

African Liberation Movements equipment

Pistols

used mainly in Angola.[182]

Submachine guns

Captured.[192]

Bolt-action rifles

Captured.

limited use early in the War in Angola, likely acquired from Belgian Congo.

used early in the War in Angola, acquired from Belgian Congo.[202]

used early in the War in both Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique.[189]

Semi-automatic rifles

used late in the War in Guinea-Bissau and Angola.[207]

Battle rifles

Captured.[53]

Captured.[81]

Sniper rifles

Shotguns

Light machine guns

used mainly in Guinea-Bissau.

variant of the Degtyaryov DP/DPM used mainly in Angola.

General-purpose machine guns

Captured.

used late in the War.

Medium and Heavy machine guns

employed in both air defense and direct fire supporting roles, mainly in Guinea-Bissau.[215]

employed in both air defense and direct fire supporting roles.[216] [217]

employed in both air defense and direct fire supporting roles.[212]

Grenade systems

Land mine systems

Bombs and explosives

Rocket and missile systems

used late in the War in Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique.[164] [237] [236] [238]

Anti-tank rockets and Grenade launchers

Recoilless rifles

Mortars

Howitzers

limited use late in the War mainly in Guinea-Bissau.

limited use late in the War mainly in Guinea-Bissau.[251]

Anti-tank guns

used mainly in Guinea-Bissau.[242]

used mainly in Guinea-Bissau.

limited use mainly in Guinea-Bissau.[252]

Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

used mainly in Guinea-Bissau.[255]

Armoured vehicles

limited use mainly in Guinea-Bissau.[259] [257]

one captured vehicle employed late in the War by the FNLA in Angola.[261]

Transport vehicles

Aircraft

Naval and River craft

limited use late in the War in Guinea-Bissau.

See also

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 33.
  2. Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), pp. 57–58.
  3. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8; 12.
  4. Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 51.
  5. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8–9.
  6. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8–10.
  7. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 10.
  8. Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 66.
  9. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 13–15.
  10. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), p. 63.
  11. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 61–63.
  12. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 80–82.
  13. Book: Supica. Jim. Nahas. Richard. Standard Catalog of Smith & Wesson. 2007. F+W Media, Inc. Iola, Wisconsin. 978-0-89689-293-4. 141–143, 174, 210–211.
  14. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), p. 82.
  15. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 100–103.
  16. Grant, The Luger (2018), p. 28.
  17. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 176–178.
  18. Walter, Walther Pistols – PP, PPK and P 38 (2022), p. 71.
  19. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 134–137.
  20. Abbott, Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 6; 17.
  21. Web site: pt. As Armas da 1ª Guerra Mundial. 5 September 2007 . quelegalbakana.blogspot.com.
  22. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 160–162.
  23. Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 213.
  24. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 166–168.
  25. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 17; 37.
  26. Quesada, MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns (2014), p. 62.
  27. Web site: Pinto . Major-general Renato Fernando Marques . As Indústrias Militares e As Armas de Fogo Portáteis no Exército Português . 2023-07-31 . REVISTA MILITAR . en.
  28. The Belgium Vigneron SMG: Belgium's Little Known Submachine Gun. Robb. Krott. Small Arms Review . V3N9. June 2000.
  29. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 179–181.
  30. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 17–18.
  31. Encyclopedia: Terry J.. Gander. National inventories, Portugal. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001–2002. 3371. 2000.
  32. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 182–184.
  33. Thompson, The Sten Gun (2012), p. 74.
  34. Moss, The Sterling Submachine Gun (2018), p. 64.
  35. Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 214.
  36. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 185–187.
  37. News: MPL & MPK: Walther's Cold War MP Subguns. Tactical Life Gun Magazine: Gun News and Gun Reviews. 6 October 2015.
  38. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 88–93.
  39. Web site: The Portuguese Mod. 1904 Mauser Vergueiro . Paul . Scarlata . October 20, 2012 . Shotgun News . November 13, 2012.
  40. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 138–143.
  41. Abbott, Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 17.
  42. Reynolds, Dan, The Rifles of Portugal 1880–1980, Web site: Port . 2008-09-09 . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20081005230128/http://www.carbinesforcollectors.com/port.html . 2008-10-05 .
  43. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 107–111.
  44. Le fusil britannique Page 14 . fr. 30–36. Gazette des Armes. Roger. Out. 444. July 2012.
  45. Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 34.
  46. Pikula, The ArmaLite AR-10 Rifle: The Saga of the First Modern Combat Rifle (1998), pp. 75; 79–80.
  47. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 108; 177; 183–184.
  48. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 198–200.
  49. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 38.
  50. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 358–359.
  51. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 188–191.
  52. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 17.
  53. Cashner, The FN FAL Battle Rifle (2013), pp. 46–47.
  54. Pikula, The ArmaLite AR-10 Rifle: The Saga of the First Modern Combat Rifle (1998), p. 79.
  55. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 108; 183–184; 358–359.
  56. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 192–197.
  57. Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle (2019), pp. 29–31.
  58. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), p. 196.
  59. Smith, Small Arms of the World (1969), p. 342.
  60. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 127–130.
  61. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 7.
  62. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 144–147.
  63. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 7; 18.
  64. Smith, Small Arms of the World (1969), p. 530.
  65. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 156–159.
  66. Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 35.
  67. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 108; 178.
  68. Miller, The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns (2001), page unknown.
  69. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 205–208.
  70. Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group.
  71. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 163–165.
  72. Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 18.
  73. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 178; 183–184.
  74. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 201–204.
  75. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 36.
  76. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 148–152.
  77. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 169–171.
  78. Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 172–175.
  79. Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 220.
  80. Web site: LEXPEV . Portuguese grenades . Lexpev.nl . 2014-05-03.
  81. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), p. 165.
  82. António de Araújo e António Duarte Silva, O uso de napalm na Guerra Colonial – quatro documentos, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IPRI-UNL), 17 de Setembro de 2008. (in Portuguese) – https://ipri.unl.pt/images/publicacoes/revista_ri/pdf/ri22/RI22_Artigo9_AA_ADS.pdf
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  84. Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), p. 49.
  85. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 109; 178.
  86. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), p. 178.
  87. Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), pp. 34–35.
  88. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 173; 178.
  89. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), page unknown.
  90. Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), p. 51.
  91. Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 209.
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  95. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
  96. Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), pp. 50; 143.
  97. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 104–105; 143; 390-392.
  98. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
  99. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
  100. Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), p. 50.
  101. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
  102. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
  103. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
  104. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), p. 402.
  105. Borges, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. II – Armamento de Artilharia antiaérea (2007), pp. 35–38; 41; 80–82.
  106. Fontanellaz, Cooper & Matos, War of Intervention in Angola, Volume 3: Angolan and Cuban Air Forces, 1975–1985 (2020), p. 25.
  107. Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 215.
  108. Borges, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. II – Armamento de Artilharia antiaérea (2007), pp. 75–77.
  109. Borges, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. II – Armamento de Artilharia antiaérea (2007), pp. 37–38; 70–74.
  110. Borges, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. II – Armamento de Artilharia antiaérea (2007), pp. 37–40; 67–69.
  111. Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), pp. 53–55.
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  113. Gonçalves, Odissea em África – Os M5A1 em Angola (2010), pp. 83–91.
  114. Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), p. 124.
  115. Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), p. 53.
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  120. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
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  123. Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), pp. 123–125; 154.
  124. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
  125. Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), pp. 27; 123–125.
  126. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
  127. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
  128. Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), pp. 50; 53.
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  132. Monteiro, Berliet, Chaimite e UMM – Os Grandes Veículos Militares Nacionais (2018), pp. 41–43; 106–113.
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  158. Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 25; 36; 168.
  159. Mesko and Greer, A-26 Invader in action (1993), p. 45.
  160. Hagedorn and Hellström, Foreign Invaders, the Douglas Invader in Foreign Military and US Clandestine Service (1994), pages unknown.
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  164. Canongia Lopes, High Winged Workhorses: Broussards and Dorniers in Portuguese Service (1998), p. 44.
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  170. Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 27.
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  172. Lopes, West Germany and the Portuguese Dictatorship, 1968–1974 (2014), pp. 81–82.
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