List of weapons of the Philippine Revolution explained

This is the list of the weapons used in the Philippine revolution.

Background

See main article: Katipunan, Philippine Revolutionary Army, Philippine revolts against Spain, Philippine Revolution and First Philippine Republic.

The Philippine Revolution, also called the Tagalog War by the Spaniards,^[1] was a revolution and subsequent conflict fought between the Katipunan, later the Philippine Revolutionary Army, and the Spanish colonial government.

Orders and circulars were issued covering matters such as building trenches and fortifications, equipping every male aged 15 to 50 with bows and arrows (as well as bolo knives and goloks, though officers wielded European swords), enticing Filipino soldiers in the Spanish colonial army to defect, collecting empty cartridges for refilling, prohibiting unplanned sorties, inventories of captured arms and ammunition, fundraising, purchasing of arms and supplies abroad, unification of military commands, and exhorting the rich to provide aid to the soldiers.^[2]

List of equipment

Spanish colonial government

• These are the weapons used by the Guardia Civil, and the Spanish Army:^[3]

Handguns

• Revolver
• Mauser C96
• Mauser Zig-Zag^[4]

Rifles

• Spanish M93 - Standard rifle - Primarily used by Guardia Civil.^[5]
• Remington Rolling Block rifle Used by Guardia Civil.^[6]

Melee weapons

• Sabers - used by officers in the battlefield
• Bayonets

Machine guns

• Nordenfelt guns

Artillery

• Krupp gun^[7]
• Ordóñez guns - Spanish coast guard

Filipino revolutionaries

• These are the weapons that used by the early and late Katipunan, and the Philippine Revolutionary Army from infantry, Tiradores, cavalry, artillery, sappers:^[8] and even Muslim Filipinos.

Handguns

• Revolver
• Mauser C96

Rifles

• Mauser Model 1893 - Standard rifle for Philippine Republican Army in 1899.^[9]
• Remington Rolling Block rifle - Standard rifle of the Philippine Revolutionary Army in 1896-1898.
• Muskets - Used in the opening battles of 1896.

Other ranged weapons

• Bows

Melee weapons

• Bolo knife - standard melee of the Katipunero militias also known as Tagalog iták, Cebuano as súndang, Ilocano as bunéng and Hiligaynon as binangon.^[10]
• Kalis - used by the Moro people in Mindanao.^[11]
  • Sibat Balisong
• Golok - used as a primary sword for enlisted officers.
  • Barong knife Spike bayonet
• Dahong palay
• Kampilan
• Parang - Used primarily in Visayas and Mindanao.

Machine guns

• Nordenfelt guns captured from the Spaniards.

Artillery

• Krupp gun
• Ordóñez guns^[12]
• Lantakas - used by local villagers and especially in Mindanao.^[13]

Other information

• The Bolo knife was the primary weapon used by the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution.^[14] It was also used by the Filipino guerrillas and bolomen during the Philippine–American War.^{[15] [16]} the bolo serves as a symbol for the Katipunan and the Philippine Revolution, particularly the Cry of Pugad Lawin. Several monuments of Andres Bonifacio, as with other notable Katipuneros, depict him holding a bolo in one hand and the Katipunan flag in the other.^{[17] [18]}
• The Filipino forces sometimes used improvised artillery weapons made of water pipes reinforced with bamboo or timber, which can only fire once or twice.
• During the 1896 uprising against Spanish colonial rule the 1898 Philippine Revolution and the Spanish–American War, Filipino freedom fighters (especially the Katipunan) sought assistance from the Japanese government. The Katipunan sent a delegate to the Emperor of Japan to solicit funds and military arms in May 1896.^{[19] [20]} Although the Meiji government of Japan was unwilling and unable to provide any official support, Japanese supporters of Philippine independence in the Pan-Asian movement raised funds and sent weapons on the privately charted Nunobiki Maru unfortunately, the ship sank before it reach to Philippine shores.^[21]

See also

• Philippine Revolutionary Army
• Katipunan
• Philippine Revolution
• Guardia Civil
• Warfare in pre-colonial Philippines
• Military history of the Philippines
• List of weapons of the Spanish–American War

External links

• Philippines Independence Armies: Insignia 1896 - 1902
• Web site: Artemio Ricarte . https://web.archive.org/web/20110809163308/http://server.pvao.mil.ph/artemio_ricarte.html . 2011-08-09 . 2012-01-28.

Notes and References

1. Book: Bielakowski Ph.D. . Alexander M. . Ethnic and Racial Minorities in the U.S. Military: An Encyclopedia . January 2013 . ABC-CLIO . 978-1-59884-427-6.
2. Web site: Philippine–American War, 1899-1902 . 2012-01-28 . philippineamericanwar.webs.com . 2015-12-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151230061900/http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/thephilippinearmy.htm . dead .
3. Web site: Jardim . Francisco . 2021-01-18 . Forgotten Surplus Guns of the Philippines . 2024-06-15 . The Armory Life . en-US.
4. Web site: McCollum . Ian . 2016-08-25 . RIA: Mauser Model 1878 “Zig-Zag” Revolvers (Video) . 2024-06-15 . www.forgottenweapons.com . en-US.
5. Web site: 2024-04-24 . Gwardiya Sibil Standard Weapon in the Philippines: Spanish Colonial Period . 2024-06-15 . en-US.
6. Web site: M1868 & M1870 Spanish Remingtons . 2024-06-15 . MilitaryRifles.com . en.
7. Web site: Modern Krupp Gun, defenses of old Manila, Philippine Islands . 2024-06-15 . Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.
8. Web site: Uniformology II . 2008-05-20 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080502095850/http://falangefilipinas.4t.com/photo5.html . 2008-05-02 .
9. Web site: Aguinaldo . Angelo J. . 2019 . Fighting the Revolution: From Bolos to Rifles . November 11, 2023 . Academia.edu.
10. Web site: Dumindin. Arnaldo. Philippine–American War, 1899-1902. PhilippineAmericanWar. 12 November 2014. 2006.
11. Raiders of the Sulu Sea. Documentary. Oakfilms3, History Channel Asia. 2009-02-08.
12. Web site: February 28, 2015 . Spanish American War - "A Splendid Little War" - Presidio of San Francisco (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-06-15 . www.nps.gov . en.
13. Web site: 2014-05-25 . National Museum displays articles of war and peace . 2024-06-15 . Lifestyle.INQ . en-US.
14. Web site: Wolfgang. Bethge. The Bolo - An indispensable Utensil in the Philippine Household. Insights-Philippines.de. 12 November 2014. 2007.
15. News: Mallari. Perry Gil S.. The Bolomen of the Revolution. 12 November 2014. The Manila Times. 14 June 2014.
16. Web site: Dumindin. Arnaldo. Philippine–American War, 1899-1902. PhilippineAmericanWar. 12 November 2014. 2006.
17. Web site: Imprinting Andres Bonifacio: The Iconization from Portrait to Peso. Republic of the Philippines: Presidential Museum Library. 13 November 2014. 29 November 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911083415/http://malacanang.gov.ph/2942-imprinting-andres-bonifacio-the-iconization-from-portrait-to-peso/. 11 September 2014. dmy-all.
18. Web site: The Bonifacio Monument: Hail to the Chief!. https://web.archive.org/web/20031203033417/http://librarylink.org.ph/featarticle.asp?articleid=50. dead. 3 December 2003. Filipinas Heritage Library. The FHL Research Team. 13 November 2014. 12 November 2003.
19. Web site: History Of Katipunan - Home On The Net . Katipunan.weebly.com . 10 June 2013.
20. http://joserizal.nhcp.gov.ph/Biography/man_and_martyr/valenzuela_pio.htm
21. Web site: 2012-06-19 . Nonubiki Maru Left Nagasaki for Philippines . 2024-06-15 . The Kahimyang Project . en.