List of Japanese military equipment of World War II explained

The following is a list of Japanese military equipment of World War II which includes artillery, vehicles and vessels, and other support equipment of both the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), and Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) from operations conducted from start of Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 to the end of World War II in 1945.[1]

The Empire of Japan forces conducted operations over a variety of geographical areas and climates from the frozen North of China bordering Russia during the Battle of Khalkin Gol (Nomonhan) to the tropical jungles of Indonesia. Japanese military equipment was researched and developed along two separate procurement processes, one for the IJA and one for the IJN. Until 1943, the IJN usually received a greater budget allocation, which allowed for the enormous Yamato-class battleships, advanced aircraft such as the Mitsubishi A6M "Zero" series, and the world's largest submarines. In addition, a higher priority of steel and raw materials was allocated to the IJN for warship construction and airplane construction. It changed to a degree in 1944/45, when the Japanese home islands became increasingly under direct threat, but it was too late. Therefore, during the prior years the Imperial Japanese Army suffered by having a lower budget allocation and being given a lower priority as to raw materials, which eventually affected its use of equipment and tactics in engagements during World War II.

A majority of the materials used were cotton, wool, and silk for the fabrics, wood for weapon stocks, leather for ammunition pouches, belts, etc. But by 1943 material shortages caused much of the leather to be switched to cotton straps as a substitute.

Swords and bayonets

ModelTypeRoleBlade length (cm)From (year)Notes
variable 1875 Collective term for military swords
40 1897 Fitted on rifles from Type 30 to Type 99
? 1911 Integrated with Type 44 Cavalry Carbine
19.5 1942 Fitted on Type 2 TERA Rifle and Type 100 SMG
Pole bayonet 38.6 1945 Last-ditch weapon
Bamboo SpearSpearClose combat170-200As late as 1942-1945Primary weapon when low on supplies

Small arms

Pistols and Revolvers (manual and semi-automatic)

General sources: [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] ! Image! Name! Type! Role/s! Action! Origin! Base model/s! Manufacturer/s! Cartridge/s! Effective firing range (m)! From (year)! Estimated wartime quantity! Unloaded wt (kg)! Notes
Type 26 revolver[9] 9×22mmR Type 26100 1893 59,900~ 0.880
Type 94 8mm Nambu pistol[10] Sidearm[11] Nambu 8x22mm Nambu[12] 50–100 1935 71,000~ 0.765
Type A 8 mm Nambu pistol[13] Nambu 50 1903 10,300~ 0.900
Type 14 8 mm Nambu pistol[14] Sidearm[15] Nambu 50 1925 400,000~ [16] 0.900 Reduced-cost version of Type A
-Nambu Type 19 "North China" pistol[17] Short recoil, locked breechNambu 1944 [18] 100~1.106Reliability improvements of Type 14, occupied Chinese production
-Type B 7 mm Nambu pistolNambu 1909 6,000~ [19] 0.650 3/4 size of Type A
-Hino–Komuro pistol[20] Komuro 1908 1,200~ ?
Sugiura pistol[21] Sugiura 1945 6,000~ ? Occupied Chinese production
-Inagaki pistol[22] 8×22mm Nambu
.32 ACP[23]
1941 50~ ?
Hamada Type pistol[24] Nippon Firearms 1941 5,000~ 0.650
1870 ? 1.300
Colt Patent Firearms 1903 ? 0.680

Automatic pistols and submachine guns

NameTypeRole/sActionOriginBase model/sManufacturer/sCartridge/sEffective firing range (m)Cyclic rate of fire (round/min)From (year)Estimated wartime quantityUnloaded mass (kg)Notes
Nambu 150 450–800 1939 10,000~ 3.70
Nambu 800 1935 ? 3.37
Nambu 500 800 1935 120-200 3.37
Mauser C96 (Type MO Large pistol) 10000 900–1000 (M712 Schnellfeuer) 1896 ? 1.130
MP187.63×25mm Mauser100 1920 445~[25] 4.18 Designation for the Swiss SIG M1920. Used in limited numbers by the Special Naval Landing Forces in Shanghai and Hainan Island and Chuuk Lagoon and Saipan.

Captured chinese guns were also put into service.

S1-100 200 600 1929 6,000~ 4.48 Used in limited numbers by the Special Naval Landing Forces in Shanghai and Hainan Island.

Rifles

NameTypeRole/sActionOriginBase model/sManufacturer/sCartridge/sEffective firing range
(m)
From (year)Estimated wartime quantityUnloaded weight
(kg)
Notes
Type 30 rifle[26] 450 1897 599,000~ 3.95 Limited distribution in 1945
Type 35 rifle[27] 1902 38,200~[28] 4.20
Type 38 rifle[29] 457 1905 3,400,000~ 3.95
Type 38 carbine[30] 366 1905 517,800~3.30 Main armament of IJA auxiliary troops
Type 44 carbine[31] 366 1911 91,900~3.30 Foldable
Type 97 sniper rifle1,500 1937 22,500~3.95 2.5x telescopic sight
Type 99 (short) rifle[32] 656 1939 3,500,000~3.70
Type 99 (long) rifle[33] 656 1939 38,000~4.09
1943 21,200~ 3.70 Takedown variant for paratroopers
1,700 1939 8,000~ 3.70 2.5x or 4x telescopic sight
unknown 1940 500~ 3.90 Experimental, detachable barrel for paratroopers
1941 250~ 3.30 Experimental, foldable for paratroopers
Nippon 1935 50~ 3.90 Experimental
Type 4 rifle / Type 5 Rifle[34] 457 1945 250~ 4.14 Experimental
Karabiner 98k (Type Mo rifle I, II) [35] 500 1937 20,000~3.90 Imported, version I for infantry and II for cavalry
vz. 24 (Type Mo rifle III)[36] 1937 40,000~4.20 Imported, for both infantry and cavalry
Type I rifle[37] 1939 120,000~3.95 Built in Italy under contract to Type 38 specification

Grenades and grenade launchers

GrenadeLauncherFrom (year)TypeFillingMass (kg)Notes
1914 Fragmentation 0.530 Inaccurate fuse timing
1931 Fragmentation 0.530 Improvement of Type 10
1933 Chemical 0.590 Green (skin irritant) and red (tear gas) versions, 30g bursting and 37-40g chemical charges
1937 Fragmentation 0.450 Evolution of Type 91 optimized for hand-throw
1939 Fragmentation 0.595 Copy of Model 24 grenade, long handle
1939 Fragmentation 0.300 Variant of Type 97 for grenade launcher
Type 2 grenade (30mm) 1942 Anti-tank 0.230
Type 2 grenade (40mm) 1942 Anti-tank 0.369 98mm RHA penetration
1943 Anti-tank 0.830-1.270 Shaped charge, fabric body
1944 Fragmentation Ammonium perchlorate explosive 0.480 Ceramic (Pottery) grenade

Recoilless rifles

NameTypeRole/sOriginBase model/sManufacturer/sCartridge/sFrom (year)Estimated wartime quantityUnloaded mass (kg)Notes
72x359mm 1944 3,500~ 8
?
? 300 produced in 1944 and used up in battle for Okinawa
10.5 cm recoilless rifle ?

Flamethrowers

NameTypeRole/sOriginBase model/sManufacturer/sFrom (year)Estimated wartime quantityMass (kg)Notes
1933? 26 + 4.5
1940? 26 + 4

Machine guns

Infantry and dual-purpose machine guns

NameTypeRole/sActionOriginBase model/sManufacturer/sCartridge/sEffective firing range (m)Cyclic rate of fire (round/min)From (year)Estimated wartime quantityUnloaded mass (kg)Note/s
Nambu 800 500 1922 29,000~ (Pacific Theater) 10.2
Nambu 1,400 1929 ? 28 Twin Type 11
Nambu 1,400 1929 ? 28 Belt-fed version of Type 89 flexible
Nambu 670 1938 ? 9.3 Single-barrel version of Type 89 (special) to reduce weight
Nambu 800 550 1936 41,000~ (Pacific Theater) 9
Nagoya 540 500 1937 18,000~ (Pacific Theater) 12.4 7.7 mm version of Type 96, widely used on Japanese tanks
Hitachi 7.7×58mm Arisaka
7.62×54mmR (VPA converted)
2,000 800 1939 53,000~ (Pacific Theater) 10.4 Reliability improvements of Type 96/97 (7.7 mm)
?
Nambu 1700 400–450 1914 ? 55 Also known as 6.5mm Taishō 14 machine gun
Nambu 800 450-500 1934 45,000~ (Pacific Theater) 55.3 7.7mm version of Type 3
Hitachi 1,400 400–450 1941 ? 36.8 Type 92 modified for weight reduction
500 1940 ? 55.5
?
Lewis gun (Type 92 machine gun) 800 600 1932 ? 8.5

Vehicle and aircraft machine guns

NameTypeActionApplication/sOriginBase model/sManufacturer/sCartridge/sFrom (year)Unloaded mass (kg)Note/s
Armoured fighting ground vehicles Type 11 light machine gun modified for automotive use
Armoured fighting ground vehicles 1932
Short recoil, toggle lock Nakajima B6N, Yokosuka K5Y,
Yokosuka D4Y, Aichi D3A,
Aichi E16A, Kawanishi E7K,
Kawanishi N1K and its land-based derivative,
the N1K-J, Mitsubishi J2M,
Mitsubishi F1M2, in addition to the Mitsubishi A6M Zero
and its floatplane derivative, the Nakajima A6M2-N.
1937 Modified Type 89 fixed
1944 Experimental, tested in 1942–1944, but was not accepted by army until surrender of Japan

and various others.

12.7×81mmSR Breda 1941
37x112mmR 1940

and various others.

20×94mm
20×72mmRB 1937 Modified Oerlikon FF.
MG15

and various others.

1940 Licensed production of MG15 7.62mm machine gun.
Vickers .303 (Type 89 fixed) Nakajima Ki-27, Ki-43,
early Ki-44 fighters, the Mitsubishi Ki-30,
Ki-51 light bombers, the Kawasaki Ki-32 light bomber
and various others.
1929 12.7 License-built Vickers .303 (7.7 mm).

Artillery

Infantry mortars

Heavy mortars & rocket launchers

Field artillery

Fortress and siege guns

Infantry guns

Anti-tank guns

Anti-tank weapons (besides anti-tank guns)

Anti-aircraft weapons

Occasional anti-aircraft guns

Light anti-aircraft guns

Medium & heavy anti-aircraft guns

NameCaliber (mm)Eff. alt.From (year)Estimated quantityMass (kg)Fire rate (RPM)Note/s
QF 3.7-inch AA gun Mk1 94 7,300 1941 0 9,317 15 captured from British
75 6,650 1922 44 2,061 5~ used as railroad gun and in home islands fortresses
100 10,500 1925 70 5,194 5~ civil defense in Kyushu only
120 10,065 1927 2,000 7,800 11 cheap coastal defense tool, dual-purpose
75 7,250 1928 2,000 2,740 18 based on QF 3-inch 20 cwt design, mainstay of civil defense
127 9,439 1932 1,306 20,300 11 standard heavy AA gun of IJN
88 10,420 1938 1,000 6,500 15 2nd most produced after Type 88 for civil defense
76.2 5,400 1914 69 2,600 13 dual-purpose naval gun, during World War II used on gunboats and for civil air defense
120 13,000 1944 120 19,800 20 the only mass-produced Japanese weapon effective against B-29
75 10,000 1944 70 5,850 10 reverse-engineered Bofors gun captured from Chinese, intended to replace Type 88, modified as Type 5 75 mm Tank Gun
149.1 16,000 1945 2 9,200 10 had a fire-control electronic computer

Vehicles

Tankettes

Amphibious tanks

Note: Amphibious tanks were used by the IJN.

Tanks and related vehicles

Self-propelled guns

Tank-based

NameChassisGunFrom (year)Estimated quantityRole/s
Ji-Ro 10 cm ? 1 self-propelled anti-tank gun
Hi-Ro Sha 10 cm ? 1 self-propelled anti-tank gun
1944 1 SPG
1945 1 SP ATG
1941 26 SP ATG
1941 54 SPG
1943 31–41 SP ATG
1942 31 SPG
1944 12 SPG
120 mm naval gun 1945 12 SPG
1945 1 SPG
1941 1 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
1944 1 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
Ta-Ha twin 37 mm high-angle gun 1942 0 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
Type 4 Chi-So medium tracked carrier 1945 2 SP ATG
1x105mm, 1x37mm, 2x20mm (AA) 1945 0 SP ATG/AAG
1x105mm 1945 0 SP ATG

Other

NameChassisGunFrom (year)Estimated quantityRole/s
1938 1 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
half-track prime mover unarmed 1938 unknown number towing a Type 4 75 mm AA gun
Type 98 Ko-Hi half-track 1942 1 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
Type 3 30 cm mortar 1944 4 self-propelled mortar/rocket launcher

Armored cars

NameArmament/sRail wheels?Maker/sFrom (year)Estimated quantityComment/s
none 1920s ?
1925 ?
Wolseley armoured car 1928 ?
Sumida(Isuzu) 1931 200 Also known as "Chiysda" (misspelled)
(Chiyoda QSW) "Aikoku" Sumida(Isuzu) 1931 2
(Chiyoda) "Kokusan" Sumida(Isuzu) 1931 ?
Type 2592 Sumida none Sumida(Isuzu) 1932 ?
1x 7.7mm machine gun Sumida(Isuzu) 1931 1,000 Also known as Type 91 Broad-gauge railroad tractor Sumi-Da or Type 91 armored railroad car So-Mo
Type 95 So-Ki armored APC and railroad car none Mitsubishi 1935 121–135
1× 7.7mm Vickers .303 MG & 4x 6.5mm MG Osaka Naval arsenal 1933 5 Also known as Type 2593 "Hokoku" or Type 93 "Kokusan" or "Type 92" naval armored car
Manchukyo Type 93 armored car[39] Daidou (Manchu) automobiles 1933 ?
Type 2598 railroad car none ? 1938 ?

Armored carriers

Armored trains

Railroad vehicles

Wagons

Railroad cars

Japanese has used routinely road-railroad convertible automobiles. These are covered in "Armoured cars" section

Engineering and command

See List of Japanese Army military engineer vehicles of World War II

Trucks

Tractors & prime movers

Passenger cars (not armoured)

Motorcycles

Miscellaneous vehicles

Army vessels

River-crossing crafts

Landing craft

Motorboats

Gun boats

IJA Landing craft/aircraft carriers

Transport vessels

Navy ships and war vessels

See main article: article and List of Japanese Navy ships and war vessels in World War II.

Aircraft

See main article: article and List of aircraft of Japan during World War II.

Secret weapons

Army secret weapons

Navy secret weapons

Radars

Imperial Japanese Army radars

Ground-based radar

Airborne radar

Shipborne radar

Imperial Japanese Navy radars

Land-based radar

Airborne radar

Shipborne radar

Missiles & bombs

See also: List of Japanese World War II navy bombs and List of Japanese World War II army bombs.

NameTypeFrom (year)Mass (kg)Role/sUser/sComment/s
guided missile 1944 1,400 air-to-surface IJA Radio-guided, also known as I-Go-1A
guided missile 1944 680 air-to-surface IJA Radio-guided, also known as Ki-148 or I-Go Type 1-Hei
guided missile 1944 680 air-to-surface IJA IR homing version of Ki-148
Funshin-dan unguided missile 1943 40 surface-to-air IJN used in battle of Iwo Jima
Funryu guided missile 1943 1,900 surface-to-air IJN Radio-guided, models Funryu-1 to Funryu-4
guided missile 1945 2,140 surface-to-air IJN guided by suicide pilot
Type 92 No. 1 bomb 1932 15 air-to-surface IJA
Type 92 No. 25 bomb 1932 250 air-to-surface IJA
Type 92 No. 50 bomb 1932 500 air-to-surface IJA
Type 94 No. 5 bomb 1934 50 air-to-surface IJA
Type 94 Mod. No. 5 bomb 1934 50 air-to-surface IJA
Type 94 No. 10 bomb 1934 100 air-to-surface IJA
Type 94 No. 10 Mod.bomb 1934 100 air-to-surface IJA
Type 97 No. 6 bomb 1937 60 air-to-surface IJN used in Pearl Harbor attack
Type 98 No. 25 bomb 1938 30 air-to-surface IJN used in Pearl Harbor attack
Type 99 No. 3 Mod.bomb 1939 30 air-to-surface IJA
Type 99 No. 80 bomb1939 800 anti-ship IJN used in Pearl Harbor attack
Type 99 No. 25 bomb 1939 30 anti-ship IJN used in Pearl Harbor attack
Type 1 No. 5 bomb 1941 50 air-to-surface IJA
Type 1 No. 10 bomb 1941 100 air-to-surface IJA
Type 1 No. 25 bomb 1941 250 air-to-surface IJA
Type 3 No. 10 bomb 1943 100 air-to-surface IJA
Type 3 No. 25 bomb 1943 250 air-to-surface IJA Skipping bomb
Type 4 No. 10 bomb 1944 100 anti-ship IJA
Type 4 No. 25 bomb 1944 250 anti-ship IJA
Type 4 No. 50 bomb 1944 500 anti-ship IJA

Unclear IJA bombs

Unclear IJN bombs

Unclear bomb

Cartridges and shells

Cartridges

NameBullet mass (g)Bullet typeVelocity (m/s)Energy (J)
4 FMJ 240 108
7 FMJ 290 274
9.7 LRN 229 252
6.5×50mmSR Arisaka (9g Ball) 9 FMJ 770 2,666
7.7×56mmR (10g SP) 10 SP 844 3,463
7.7×56mmR (12g SP) 12 SP 783 3,574
7.7×56mmR (11g HPBT) 11 HPBT 761 3,265
7.7×58mm Arisaka (11g Ball) 11 FMJ 740 3,136
7.7x58mmSR (13g Ball) 13 FMJ 670 3,190

High explosive anti-tank (HEAT) shells

GunCaliber (mm)Mass (kg)Length (mm)Penetration (mm)
Type 90/97 tank gun 57 1.80 189 55
70 3.38 281 90
75 3.95 297 100
Type 38 12 cm howitzer 120 13.03 387 140
Type 4 15 cm howitzer 149 21.04 524 150

Among them, the HEAT of Type 41 mountain gun was used in action and destroyed several Allied tanks in Burma and other places. The use of the HEAT for other guns is not known.

Other HEAT shell was the projectile of Type 94 mountain gun. The HEAT of Type 94 mountain gun was not produced though it was developed.

See also

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Standard Catalog of Military Firearms: The Collector's Price and Reference Guide, edited by Phillip Peterson,
  2. Book: Derby. Harry L.. Brown . James D. . Japanese Military Cartridge Handguns 1893–1945. Schiffer Publishing. Atglen, Philadelphia . 2003. 0-7643-1780-6.
  3. Book: Hogg, Ian. Weeks, John . Military Small Arms of the 20th Century . 7th. Krause Publications. Iola, Wisconsin . 2000. 0-87341-824-7.
  4. Book: Hogg . Ian . Walter . John . Pistols of the World. 4th. Krause Publications . Iola, Wisconsin . 2004 . 0-87349-460-1.
  5. Book: Kinard, Jeff . Pistols: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. ABC-CLIO . Santa Barbara, California. 2003. 1-85109-470-9.
  6. Book: McNab, Chris . The Great Book of Guns: An Illustrated History of Military, Sporting, and Antique Firearms . Thunder Bay Press. San Diego, California . 2004. 1-59223-304-X.
  7. Book: Skennerton, Ian. Japanese Service Pistols . Arms and Militaria Press . Labrador, Queensland . 2008. 978-0-949749-88-8.
  8. Book: Miller, David. Fighting Men of World War II Axis Forces Uniforms, Equipment, and Weapons. Chartwell Book INC. New York City . 2010. 978-0-7858-2815-0.
  9. Book: Derby. Harry L.. Brown . James D. . Japanese Military Cartridge Handguns 1893–1945. Schiffer Publishing. Atglen, Philadelphia . 2003. 16. 0-7643-1780-6.
  10. Book: Derby. Harry L.. Brown . James D. . Japanese Military Cartridge Handguns 1893–1945. Schiffer Publishing. Atglen, Philadelphia . 2003. 191. 0-7643-1780-6.
  11. Web site: Nambu Type 94 . . May 24, 2018 . www.MilitaryFactory.com . July 18, 2020 .
  12. Book: Derby. Harry L.. Brown . James D. . Japanese Military Cartridge Handguns 1893–1945. Schiffer Publishing. Atglen, Philadelphia . 2003. 193. 0-7643-1780-6.
  13. Book: Hogg . Ian . Walter . John . Pistols of the World. 4th. Krause Publications . Iola, Wisconsin . 2004 . 232. 0-87349-460-1.
  14. Book: Hogg, Ian. Weeks, John . Military Small Arms of the 20th Century . 7th. Krause Publications. Iola, Wisconsin . 2000 . 66 . 0-87341-824-7.
  15. Web site: Nambu Type 14 . . August 7, 2017 . www.MilitaryFactory.com . July 18, 2020 .
  16. Book: Kinard, Jeff . Pistols: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. ABC-CLIO . Santa Barbara, California . 2003 . 245 . 1-85109-470-9.
  17. Book: Jowett, Philip S.. Rays of the Rising Sun: Armed Forces of Japan's Asian Allies 1931-45: Volume 1: China and Manchukuo. 2004. Helion & Company Limited. 75. 9781906033781.
  18. Book: Derby. Harry L.. Brown . James D. . Japanese Military Cartridge Handguns 1893–1945. Schiffer Publishing. Atglen, Philadelphia . 2003 . 260 . 0-7643-1780-6.
  19. Book: Hogg, Ian. Weeks, John . Military Small Arms of the 20th Century . 7th. Krause Publications. Iola, Wisconsin . 2000 . 67 . 0-87341-824-7.
  20. Book: Derby, Harry. The Rare Japanese Hino-Komuro Pistol . 3rd. 1981 . 61–71 .
  21. Book: Miller, David. Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns . Zenith Press. 2001. 138. 0760315604.
  22. Web site: Japanese Semi auto Pistol 7.65 mm - Rock Island Auction.
  23. Web site: Japanese Inagaki and Sugiura Pistols at RIA. 15 April 2015 .
  24. Book: Derby. Harry L.. Brown . James D. . Japanese Military Cartridge Handguns 1893–1945. Schiffer Publishing. Atglen, Philadelphia . 2003. 231. 0-7643-1780-6.
  25. Web site: SIG Bergmann Model 1920 submachine gun . 2023-06-14 . firearms.96.lt.
  26. Book: Honeycutt Jr. . Fred L . Anthony . Patt F. . Military Rifles of Japan. Fifth Edition, 2006. . U.S.A. . Julin Books . 2006 . 28 . 0-9623208-7-0.
  27. Book: Honeycutt Jr. . Fred L . Anthony . Patt F. . Military Rifles of Japan. Fifth Edition, 2006. . U.S.A. . Julin Books . 2006 . 34–35 . 0-9623208-7-0.
  28. Book: Allan . Francis C. . White . Doss H. . Zielinkski . Dr. Stanley . The Early Arisakas, 2006. . U.S.A. . AK Enterprises . 2006 . 71 . 0-9614814-5-5.
  29. Book: Honeycutt Jr. . Fred L . Anthony . Patt F. . Military Rifles of Japan. Fifth Edition, 2006. . U.S.A. . Julin Books . 2006 . 84 . 0-9623208-7-0.
  30. Book: Allan . Francis C. . Macy . Harold W. . The Type 38 Arisaka, 2007. . U.S.A. . AK Enterprises . 2007 . 479 . 978-0-9614814-4-5.
  31. Book: Allan . Francis C. . Macy . Harold W. . The Type 38 Arisaka, 2007. . U.S.A. . AK Enterprises . 2007 . 241–316 . 978-0-9614814-4-5.
  32. Book: Walter, John . Rifles of the World . Krause Publications . 2006 . Iola, WI . 33 . 3rd . 0-89689-241-7.
  33. Book: Voigt, Don . The Japanese Type 99 Arisaka Rifle 2010 Edition, 2012 revision . Lodestone Publications . 2012 . U.S.A. . 18–20 . 978-0-9801826-8-2.
  34. Book: Walter, John. Rifles of the World. Krause Publications. 2006. Iola, WI. 146. 3rd. 0-89689-241-7.
  35. Book: Law, Richard D.. Backbone of the Wehrmacht. Collector Grade Publications. 1993. Ontario. 310 .
  36. Book: Ball, Robert W. D.. Mauser Military Rifles of the World. Iola: Gun Digest Books. 2011 . 123 . 9781440228926 .
  37. Book: Markham. George. Le armi della fanteria giapponese nella seconda guerra mondiale. 1977. Ermanno Albertelli. Castel Bolognese. B002SEB6XG . it.
  38. http://www3.plala.or.jp/takihome/99-10.htm Type 99 10 cm Mountain Gun
  39. Web site: Henkofholland mastermodelling military vehicles scale 1/72-1/76 . 2014-11-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141107090207/http://henk.fox3000.com/fairey.htm . 2014-11-07 . live .