List of wars involving Portugal explained

The following is a list of wars involving Portugal.

County of Portugal (868–1139)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Battle of Aguioncha (966)Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Portugal	Kingdom of Galicia	Victory Culmination of a Galician–Portuguese civil war in the Kingdom of León.
Battle of Pedroso (1071)Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Portugal	Kingdom of Galicia	Defeat García II of Galicia declaring himself King of Portugal.
Capture of Santarém (1111)Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Portugal	Almoravids	Defeat Moroccan forces sacks Coimbra
Siege of Coimbra (1117)Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Portugal	Almoravids	Victory
Battle of São Mamede (1128) Part of Kingdom of León civil war and War of Portuguese independence Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Portugal Supported by: Kingdom of Galicia	Portuguese rebels	Victory Afonso Henriques takes the leadership of the County of Portugal and paves the way for an independent Kingdom of Portugal.
Luso-Leonese War(1130–37) Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Portugal	Kingdom of León	Stalemate Treaty of Tuy
Battle of Cerneja (1139)Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Portugal	Kingdom of León	Victory War of Portuguese independence.

Kingdom of Portugal (1139–1910)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Battle of Ourique (1139)Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Portugal	Almoravids	Victory Afonso Henriques is acclaimed King of Portugal
Battle of Valdevez (1140)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Kingdom of León	Victory The Treaty of Zamora (1143) recognized Portuguese independence from the Kingdom of León.
Siege of Lisbon (1142)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Anglo-Norman Crusaders	Taifa of Badajoz	Defeat
Second Crusade (1147–50) Location: Middle East and North Africa (Near East, Anatolia, Levant, Egypt) and Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Jerusalem Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Castile County of Barcelona Kingdom of León Byzantine Empire Kingdom of England	Seljuk EmpireEmirate of Zengids Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Almoravids	Status quo ante bellum Decisive Seljuk Turks victory in Anatolia Decisive Crusader victories in Iberia
Conquest of Santarém (1147)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Taifa of Badajoz	Victory Afonso Henriques and his army arrived at Santarém, taking it within a day.
Siege of Lisbon(1147) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Crusaders	Taifa of Badajoz	Victory The victory was a turning-point in Portugal's history.
Luso-Leonese War (1167–1169) Siege of Badajoz (1169) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Almohad Caliphate Kingdom of León	Defeat
	Kingdom of Portugal	Almohad Caliphate	Victory First naval victory against the Moors.
Raid of Ceuta (1180)^[1]	Kingdom of Portugal	Almohad Caliphate	Victory
Battle of Silves (1182)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Almohad Caliphate	Defeat
Siege of Santarém (1184)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of León	Almohad Caliphate	Victory Pope Alexander III formally recognized Afonso I as rex Portugalensium
Third Crusade (1189)Location: Middle East (Levant and Anatolia), Mediterranean Europe (Sicily, Iberia, Balkans)	Kingdom of Portugal Crusaders from Germany, Hungary, France, Denmark, Italy, Spain and England	Almohad Caliphate	Victory Conquest of Alvor and siege of Silves.
Almohad campaign in the Algarve (1190–1191)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Crusaders	Almohad Caliphate	Defeat Part of the Reconquista and Third Crusade.
Battle of Alarcos(1195) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago Order of St. Benedict	Almohad Caliphate Castilian rebels	Defeat
Luso-Leonese War (1196–1200)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of León Kingdom of Navarre Almohad Caliphate	Status Quo Ante Bellum
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Navarre Leonese volunteers French volunteers	Almohad Caliphate	Victory Turning point in the Reconquista
Siege of Alcácer do Sal(1217) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Crusaders	Almohad Caliphate	Victory
Siege of Faro(1249) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Almohad Caliphate	Victory This marked the end of the Portuguese Reconquista, with Lisbon becoming the capital city of the Kingdom of Portugal in 1255.
War of the Strait(1292–1350) Battle of Salé Battle of Écija (1275) Siege of Algeciras (1278–1279) Battle of Moclín (1280) Conquest of Taifa First siege of Gibraltar Battle of Ceuta (1309) Siege of Algeciras (1309–1310) Second siege of Gibraltar Battle of the Vega of Granada Razia of 1330 Battle of Teba Siege of Guardamar Siege of Elche Third siege of Gibraltar Fourth siege of Gibraltar Battle of Ceuta (1339) Battle of Getares Battle of Río Salado Battle of Estepona Siege of Algeciras (1342–1344) Fifth siege of Gibraltar (1292–1350) Location: Mediterranean Sea (Strait of Gibraltar)	Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of France Kingdom of England Republic of Genoa	Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada	Victory End of Moroccan hegemony in the Strait of Gibraltar. No more offensive or expansion attempts against the Christian Kingdoms would be done by Marinids, being just at the defensive for the rest of the reconquista.
Luso-Castilian War (1295–1297)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of Castile	Stalemate Treaty of Alcañices
Luso-Castillian War(1336–39) Battle of Villanueva de Barcarrota (1336) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Crown of Castile	Defeat
Battle of Río Salado (1340)Location: Iberian Peninsula		Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada	Victory Defeat of the Marinid invasion
Battle of Guadalmesí(1342)^[2] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Marinid Sultanate	Victory
Siege of Algeciras (1342–1344)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Navarre	Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada	Victory The city surrendered and was incorporated into the Crown of Castile in 1344.
War of the Two Peters (1356–1375) Part of Hundred Years' War Location: Iberian Peninsula	Crown of Castile Supported by: Kingdom of England Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Granada	Crown of Aragon Supported by: Henry of Trastámara Kingdom of France	Indecisive The war was prolonged because Peter of Castile lost his throne to Henry of Trastámara. Overthrowing of Peter I of Castile.
First Fernandine War (1369–1370) Part of the Fernandine Wars Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Crown of Aragon	Crown of Castile	Defeat
Second Fernandine War (1372–1373) Part of the Fernandine Wars Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Crown of Castile	Defeat
Third Fernandine War (1381–1382) Part of the Fernandine Wars Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Crown of Castile	Defeat
Portuguese interregnum (1383–1385) Part of Hundred Years' War Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Kingdom of England	Crown of Castile Supported by: Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon	Victory Consolidation of Portuguese independence.
Conquest of Ceuta (1415) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal	Marinid Sultanate	Victory Portuguese consecrated the main mosque into the cities cathedral. Start of Portuguese Morocco.
Siege of Ceuta (1419) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada	Victory Pedro de Menezes led the Portuguese garrison in a sally against the Marinid siege camp and forced the lifting of the siege before the relief fleet even arrived
Irmandiño revolts (1431–69) Part of Castillian Civil War Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Andrade, Lemos and Moscoso families	Galician rebels	Victory
Battle of Tangier (1437) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Marinid Sultanate	Indecisive Prince Henry the Navigator did not return to Lisbon to report to his brother, King Edward of Portugal, but rather sailed directly to Ceuta.
Conquest of Ksar es-Seghir (1458–1459) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Wattasids	Victory The conquest was successful due to the superiority of the Portuguese artillery, and to the decision of Abd al-Haqq II to keep his army in Tangier upon being informed of the presence of the Portuguese fleet, while he was preparing an attack on Tlemcen.
Catalan Civil War(1462–72) War of the Remences Mieres uprising Location: Iberian Peninsula	Principality of Catalonia Crown of Castile Kingdom of Portugal	Forces of John II of Aragon Kingdom of France	Defeat	Defeat
Siege of Tangier (1463–1464) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Marinid Sultanate	Defeat
Anfa expedition (1468) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Wattasids	Victory
Conquest of Asilah (1471) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Wattasids	Victory After a troubled disembarkation that resulted in the death of more than 200 men caused by strong winds and waves, Afonso's army reached the shore and laid siege to the city of Asilah, conquering it after a hard battle. Establishment of Portuguese Asilah.
Portuguese conquest of Tangier(1471) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Marinid Sultanate	Victory Establishment of Portuguese Tangier
War of the Castilian Succession (1475–1479)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of France	Crown of Castile Crown of Aragon	Indecisive Isabella is recognised as Queen of Castile Marriage of Isabella of Aragon and Afonso of Portugal Portugal gains hegemony in the Atlantic south of the Canary Islands Portugal recognizes Castile's claim to the Canary Islands
Siege of Ceuta (1476)^[3] Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa	Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Castile (Juana Supporters)	Marinid Sultanate	Victory
Battle of Guinea(1478) Part of the War of the Castilian Succession Location: Gulf of Guinea	Kingdom of Portugal	Crown of Castile	Victory
Ottoman conquest of Otranto (1480–81)Location: Italian Peninsula	Kingdom of Naples Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Portugal See also: Portuguese expedition to Otranto.		Victory Ottomans conquer Otranto and gain foothold in Southern Italy Ottoman garrison surrender the city after 13 months
Chaouia expedition(1487) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Wattasids	Victory
Siege of Graciosa(1489) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Wattasids	Defeat
Targa expedition (1490) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Wattasids	Victory
First Luso-Malabarese War (1500–1513) First Battle of Cannanore (1501) Battle of Calicut (1503) Battle of Cochin (1504) Battle of Pandarane (1504) Battle of Cannanore (1506) Siege of Cannanore (1507) Battle of Chaul (1508) Battle of Diu (1509)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese India Armadas Fort Emmanuel Kingdom of Cochin Kingdom of Cannanore (until 1507) Kingdom of Kollam Kingdom of Tanur (1504 on)	Kingdom of CalicutVassal Malabari states (up to 1504) Edapalli Cranganore Kottakkal Kingdom of Tanur Beypore Chaliyam Pariyapuram Other Indian States Supported by: Mamluk Egypt Arab privateers	VictoryStart of Portuguese presence in Asia, Portuguese India and Malabarese–Portuguese conflicts.
Battle of Mers-el-Kébir (1501)Location: North Africa (modern Algeria)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Kingdom of Tlemcen	Defeat
First Battle of Cannanore(1501) Location: Asia, Indian subcontinent	3rd Portuguese India Armada	Kingdom of Calicut	Victory
Battle of Tanger(1502) Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Portugal Portuguese Tangier	Wattasids	Defeat
Battle of Calicut (1503)Location: Indian subcontinent	4th Portuguese India Armada	Kingdom of CalicutArab privateers	Victory
Battle of Pandarane(1504) Location: Indian subcontinent	6th Portuguese India Armada	Mamluk Sultanate	Victory Start of Portuguese-Mamluk Naval War
Battle of Cochin (1504)Location: Indian subcontinent	Portugal Kingdom of Cochin	Kingdom of CalicutVassal Malabari states Edapalli Cranganore Kottakkal Kingdom of Tanur Beypore Chaliyam Pariyapuram Other Indian States^[4]	Victory
Battle of Mombasa (1505)Location: East Africa (modern Kenya)	7th Portuguese India Armada	Mombasa Sultanate	Victory
Portuguese-Mamluk naval war (1505–1517) Battle of Chaul Battle of Diu Siege of Jeddah Location: Asia, Indian Ocean	Portugal	Mamluk Sultanate Kingdom of Calicut Bijapur Sultanate Gujarat SultanateSupported by	Victory Start of Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations on the Indian Ocean. Start of Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts on Indian subcontinent.
Siege of Anjadiva (1506)Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese India	Bijapur Sultanate	Defeat
Battle of Barawa(1507) Location: East Africa (modern Somalia)		Ajuran Sultanate	Victory Start of Ajuran-Portuguese wars
Ajuran-Portuguese wars (1507–1542)Location: East Africa (modern Somalia)	Kingdom of Portugal	Ajuran Sultanate ^[5] ^[6]	Victory Portuguese retake Pate, Mombasa and Kilwa from Somali/Ottoman forces.^[7] ^[8]
Battle of Socotra(1507) Location: Socotra (between Guardafui Channel and Arabian Sea)		Mahra Sultanate	Victory
Capture of Ormuz (1507)Location: Asia, Persian Gulf (Hormuz Island)		Kingdom of Ormus Safavid Empire	Victory Start of Safavid–Portuguese conflicts
Persian–Portuguese wars (1507–1622) Capture of Cambarão Anglo-Persian capture of Qeshm Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz Location: Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean (modern Iran)	Kingdom of Ormus Supported by: Spanish Empire (since 1580)	Safavid Empire Omani EmpireSupported by: East India Company (since 1616)	Defeat Iranian reconquest of the territories and expel Portuguese of the Persian Gulf (except Gulf of Oman) Start of Portuguese-Omani conflicts. The Portuguese Empire start to decline and lost most of its land in the east to the British
Siege of Cannanore (1507)Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese India	Kingdom of CannanoreKingdom of Calicut	Victory
Battle of Dabul(1508) Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese India	Bijapur Sultanate	Victory
Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts(1508–1573) Battle of Chaul Battle of Diu Siege of Diu (1531) Siege of Diu (1538) Siege of Diu (1546) Battle of Bharuch Portuguese conquest of Daman Location: Indian subcontinent (Gujarat)	Portuguese India	Gujarat Sultanate Supported by: Kingdom of Calicut Mamluk Sultanate (until 1517) (since 1517)	Victory Establishment of Portuguese Diu. Treaty of Bassein (1534). Establishment of Portuguese Bassein. Establishment of Portuguese Daman. Consolidation of Portuguese control in the Gulf of Khambhat. Start of Mughal-Portuguese conflicts.
Sieges of Asilah(1508–1509) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Asilah Portuguese Tangier	Wattasids	Victory
Malay-Portuguese conflicts (1509–1641) Capture of Malacca (1511) Battle of Pago Attack on Bintan (1521) Battle of Lingga Battle of Muar River Siege of Bintan Battle of Ugentana Battle of Ugentana (1536) Battle of Ugentana (1536) Siege of Malacca (1551) Siege of Johor (1587) Battle of Bantam Siege of Malacca (1606) Battle of Cape Rachado Location: Southeast Asia, Malay Peninsula, Straits of Malacca (modern Malaysia, Singapore and western Indonesia)	Portuguese Malacca Supported by: Sultanate of Perak Sultanate of Kedah	Sultanate of Malacca Sultanate of Johor Sultanate of Pahang Sultanate of Patani Sultanate of Jepara Supported by: Sultanate of Indragiri Dutch East India Company	Stalemate Consolidation of Portuguese presence in Asia by conquering Sultanate of Malacca. Then Portuguese defeat by Dutch intervention and start of Dutch Malacca.
Portuguese conquest of Goa (1510)Location: Indian subcontinent	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese India	Bijapur Sultanate	Victory Consolidation of Portuguese India authority.
Capture of Malacca (1511)Location: Malacca City (modern Malaysia)	Kingdom of Portugal	Malacca Sultanate	Victory Establishment of Portuguese Malacca and consolidation of Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago.
Siege of Aden(1513) Location: Arabian Peninsula (modern Yemen)	Portuguese India	Yemeni Tahirids	Defeat
Battle of Azemmour (1513) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Wattasids	Victory Conquest of Azemmour in Morocco
Battle of Tednest(1514) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	Saadi Sultanate	Victory
Raid of Marrakesh (1515) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco Berber auxiliaries	HintataSupported by: Saadi Sultanate Wattasid dynasty	Defeat
Battle of Mamora (1515) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Morocco	WattasidsSupported byAbdaDoukkala	Defeat
Expedition against Oulad Amrane(1516)Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal	Oulad Amrane	Defeat
Siege of Goa (1517)Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Goa	Bijapur Sultanate	Victory
Battle of Zeila(1517) Location: East Africa (modern Somaliland)	Portuguese India	Adal Sultanate	Victory
Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts(1518–1658) Battle of Vedalai Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom Portuguese invasion of the Jaffna kingdom (1560) Portuguese invasion of the Jaffna kingdom (1591) Siege of Kotte (1557–1558) Battle of Mulleriyawa Siege of Colombo (1587–88) Campaign of Danture Battle of Balana Kandyan commerce raiding against Portugal (1612–1613) Battle of Mulleriyawa (1624) Battle of Jaffna (1628) Battle of Randeniwela Battle of Gannoruwa Siege of Galle (1640) Action of 23 March 1654 Action of 2 May 1654 Part of Crisis of the Sixteenth Century Location: Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka	Portuguese India Portuguese Ceylon Lascarins	Principality of Raigama Kingdom of Jaffna Supported by: Zamorin of Calicut Kingdom of Tanjore Vanni chieftains (From 1638)	Stalemate Establishment and then destruction of Portuguese Ceylon, after conquering kingdoms of Kotte, Sitawaka, Jaffna and Raigama. Capture of Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Raigama and much of Sitawaka by the Dutch and the establishment of Dutch Ceylon
Acehnese–Portuguese conflicts(1519–1639) Battle of Aceh (1521) Pedir expedition (1522) Acehnese conquest of Pasai Battle of Aceh (1528) Battle of Perlis River Siege of Malacca (1568) Battle of Aceh (1569) Aceh expedition (1606) Battle of Formoso River Battle of Langat River Battle of Duyon River Location: Southeast Asia, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula and Strait of Malacca (modern western Indonesia and Peninsular Malaysia)	Supported by: Kingdom of Aru Sultanate of Johor Sultanate of Kedah Sultanate of Pasai^[9] Sultanate of Pedir^[10] Sultanate of Perak Sultanate of Perlis	Sultanate of Aceh Supported by: Sultanate of Kalinyamat Sultanate of Golkonda Dutch East India Company	Inconclusive Aceh expansionism stopped.
Portuguese conquest of Bahrain(1521)Location: Eastern Arabia, Persian Gulf (Bahrain)	Kingdom of Ormus	Jabrids	Victory
Battle of Tunmen(1521) Location: China (modern Hong Kong)	Tamão	Ming China	Defeat Portuguese abandon Tamão
Battle of Sincouwaan(1522) Location: China (modern Hong Kong)		Ming China	Defeat
Battle of al-Shihr (1523)Location: Arabian Peninsula (modern Yemen)		Kathiri Sultanate	Victory
Siege of Calicut (1526) Part of Calicut-Portuguese wars Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese India	Zamorin of Calicut	Defeat
Conquest of Sunda Kelapa (1527)Location: Java (modern Indonesia)	Portuguese Malacca Sunda Kingdom	Demak Sultanate Banten Sultanate Cirebon Sultanate	Defeat
Battle of Mombasa (1528)Location: East Africa (modern Kenya)	Portuguese Empire Supported by: Malindi Kingdom	Mombasa Sultanate	Victory
Siege of Bahrain (1529)Location: Eastern Arabia, Persian Gulf (Bahrain)	Portuguese Empire Kingdom of Ormus	Bahraini rebels	Defeat
Abyssinian–Adal war (1529–1543) Battle of Baçente Battle of Jarte Battle of the Hill of the Jews Battle of Wofla Battle of Wayna Daga Location: East Africa (modern Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea)	Kingdom of Portugal (1542–43)	Adal Sultanate (1542–43)	Inconclusive Withdrawal of the Adal-Ottoman armies from the Ethiopian Highlands after the death of Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi.^[11] Conflict continues between the armies of the Imperial and Amiric successors; Galawdewos and Nur ibn Mujahid.^[12] Weakening of the Abyssinians and Adalites, which opened the door for The Great Oromo Migrations.
Spanish-Ottoman War (1529–1541) Conquest of Tunis (1535) Part of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515-1577, Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations and Ottoman–Habsburg wars Location: Mediterranean Sea, North Africa	Empire of Charles V Spain Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sardinia County of Flanders Papal States Kingdom of Portugal (until 1534) Hafsid dynasty Kingdom of Kuku Kabyle people	Regency of Algiers Ottoman Tunisia Kingdom of Tlemcen Banu Rashid Arab irregulars (since 1535)	Stalemate After Habsburg forces and allies conquered the fortress of Monastir, Sousse, Hammamet and Kelibia. The Spaniards make Tunisia, under Muley Hassan of the Hafsid dynasty, a Client state.
Ternatean–Portuguese conflicts (1530–1605) Battle of Tidore Attack on Jailolo Location: Maluku Islands, (modern eastern Indonesia)	Portuguese Empire Spanish Empire Sultanate of Tidore	Sultanate of Ternate Dutch East India Company	Defeat
Battle of al-Shihr (1531) Part of Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations Location: Arabian Peninsula (modern Yemen)	Portuguese Empire	Kathiri Sultanate	Defeat
Siege of Diu (1531) Part of Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Gujarat Sultanate	Defeat
French invasions to Colonial Brazil (1531–1615) Battle of Rio de Janeiro (1558) Battle of Rio de Janeiro (1567) Portuguese conquest of Maranhão Battle of Guaxenduba Location: South America, Brazil	Colonial Brazil Captaincy of Pernambuco Captaincy of Rio Grande Captaincy of Paraíba Captaincy of São Vicente Indian allies Tabajara tribes Ceará tribes^[13] Potiguara tribes	France Antarctique Equinoctial France Indian allies Tamoyo Tupinamba	Victory Henriville is destroyed
Spanish Jailolo-Portuguese Ternate war(1533) Part of Tidore-Ternate conflicts (1521–1667)^[14] ^[15] Location: Maluku Islands, (modern eastern Indonesia)	Sultanate of Ternate Portuguese Empire	Sultanate of Tidore Jailolo Sultanate Spanish Empire	Stalemate
Iguape War (1534–1536)Location: South America, Brazil	Kingdom of Portugal Colonial Brazil	Spanish EmpireIndian auxiliaries Carijós Guaianás	Victory
Battle of Tidore(1536) Part of Ternatean Civil War and Ternatean–Portuguese conflicts Location: Maluku Islands, (modern eastern Indonesia)	Portuguese Empire Ternate loyal to Hairun	Ternate loyal to Dayal Sultanate of Tidore Sultanate of Bacan Sultanate of Jailolo Kingdom of Vaigama^[16] Kingdom of Vaigue Kingdom of Quibibi Kingdom of Mincibo	Victory
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559) Siege of Diu Battle of Suakin (1541) Attack on Jeddah (1541) Battle of El Tor Battle of Suez (1541) Capture of Aden (1548) Battle of Bab el-Mandeb Siege of Qatif (1551) Action at Diu Ottoman campaign against Hormuz (1552–1554) Battle of the Gulf of Oman Attack on Moccha Siege of Bahrain Battle of Kamaran Location: Persian Gulf, Horn of Africa, Red Sea and India	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese India Kingdom of Hormuz	Gujarat Sultanate Adal Sultanate	Victory Portugal maintains control of the Persian Gulf.
Fall of Agadir(1541) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)		Saadi Sultanate	Defeat
Battle of Benadir(1542) Location: East Africa (modern Somalia)		Ajuran Sultanate	Victory
Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549)^[17] Location: Southeast Asia (modern Thailand)	Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam)Supported by: Portuguese India	Toungoo dynasty (Burma)	Victory Diogo Pereira and Galeote Pereira mission succeed.
Battle of al-Shihr (1548)Location: Arabian Peninsula (modern Yemen)	Mahra Sultanate	Kathiri Sultanate	Victory
Battle of Shuangyu (1548) Part of Jiajing wokou raids Location: China (Zhejiang)	Wokou (Japanese, Chinese, and Korean pirates) Portuguese pirates	Ming China	Defeat
Incident of Dongshan Peninsula (1549) Part of Jiajing wokou raids Location: China (Fujian)	Wokou Portuguese merchants	Ming China	Defeat Galeote Pereira is captured.
Battle of the Bay of Velez(1553) Location: North Africa, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera	Kingdom of Portugal	Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers	Defeat
Tamoyo Confederation(1554–1567) Location: Brazil	Colonial Brazil	Tupinambá people	Victory
Aimoré War(1555–1673) Location: Brazil	Colonial Brazil	Aimoré people	Victory
Siege of Piratininga(1555–1736) Location: Brazil	Colonial Brazil	Guarulho peopleGuaianá people Carijó people	Victory Invaders are expelled
Siege of Kotte(1557–1558) Location: Sri Lanka	Lascarins		Victory
Bandeirantes raids from Brazil to Spanish domains (1557–18th century)Location: South America (mostly Amazon Forest)	Bandeirantes from Colonial Brazil	Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroyalty of New Granada (since 1717) Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (since 1777)	Stalemate The Amazon is divided between Spain and Portugal with the Treaty of Madrid (1750), as both countries compromissed to stop and punish bandits expeditions from bandeirantes.
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1558–1566) Part of Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations Location: Indian Ocean	Kingdom of Portugal	Ottoman Empire Ajuran Sultanate	Victory
Battle of Mulleriyawa (1559)Location: Sri Lanka			Defeat Decisive victory to Sinhalese army of Kingdom of Sitawaka
Siege of Moji(1561) Location: Asia–Pacific, Japan	Ōtomo clan	Mōri clan	Defeat
Siege of Mazagan (1562) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Portuguese possessions in Morocco	Saadi Sultanate	Victory
Battle of Fukuda Bay (1565)Location: Asia–Pacific, Japan	Kingdom of Portugal	Matsura Takanobu Clan	Victory
Blockade of Cebu (1568) Part of Portuguese–Spanish colonial rivalry Location: Philippines	Portuguese Empire Portuguese moluccas	Spanish Empire Filipino loyalists	Defeat
Battle of Aceh (1569)Location: Sumatra (modern Indonesia)	Kingdom of Portugal	Sultanate of Aceh	Victory Aceh fleet destroyed
War of the League of the Indies (1570 – 1574) Siege of Chaliyam Location: Indian Ocean, Western India and the Straits of Malacca	Kingdom of Portugal	Sultanate of Bijapur Sultanate of Ahmadnagar Zamorin of Calicut Sultanate of AcehCo-belligerents: Princely states of the Kanara coast Kalinyamat Sultanate Sultanate of Ternate Sultanate of Tidore Sultanate of Golkonda Mappila Muslims	Victory
Battle of Alcácer Quibir (1578) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese possessions in Morocco Moorish Allies	Saadi Sultanate Supported by: Ottoman Empire	Defeat 1580 Portuguese succession crisis Rise of the Moroccan Saadi Empire
War of the Portuguese Succession (1580–1583)Location: Iberian Peninsula, Azores	Portugal loyal to Prior of Crato	Crown of Spain Portugal loyal to Philip of Spain	Decisive defeat for António, Prior of Crato Iberian Union
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1580–89) Capture of Muscat (1581) Location: East Africa, Swahili coast and Indian Ocean	Kingdom of Portugal	Ottoman Empire	Victory Portuguese control in the South East African coast restored and Mir Ali Bey captured
Siege of Daman (1581) Part of Mughal-Portuguese conflicts Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Mughal Empire	Victory
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Battle of São Vicente English Armada Battle of Flores (1591) Battle of Flores (1592) Capture of Recife (1595) Battle of Sesimbra Bay Location: Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Western Europe, Azores, Canary Islands, Ibero-America.	Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands Spanish American colonies Council of Portugal State of Brazil Kingdom of Naples Duchy of Parma Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Savoy Duchy of Castro Order of Saint John co-belligerent French rebels	Irelandco-belligerent France Portuguese rebels	Indecisive Status quo ante bellum Treaty of London
Battle of Leitao Coast(1586) Location: Persian Gulf, Kish Island (Iran)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Arab Niquilus	Defeat
Siege of Johor (1587)Location: Malay Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Johor Sultanate	Victory
Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)^[18] Location: Southeast Asia (modern Cambodia)	Kingdom of CambodiaSupported by: Spanish Empire Kingdom of Portugal	Ayutthaya Kingdom	Defeat Satha I is destroned by siam forces. Then he sought a Spanish protectorate, starting Cambodian–Spanish War.
Cambodian–Spanish War(1593–97) Location: Southeast Asia (modern Cambodia)	Spanish Empire Philippines Mexican recruits Kingdom of Portugal Cambodian allies Japanese mercenaries	CambodiaSupported by: Ayutthaya Kingdom Johor Sultanate (Muslim Malay merchants) Kingdom of Champa (Muslim Cham merchants)	Defeat
Campaign of Danture (1594)Location: Sri Lanka			Defeat Decisive victory to Sinhalese army of Kingdom of Kandy
Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600)Location: China (near Macau)	Portuguese Empire Macau Portuguese India	Spanish Empire El Piñal Philippines	Victory End of Spain's attempts to circumvent the restrictions placed on them from reaching China. Portuguese monopoly on the 16th century China trade seizured.
Dutch–Portuguese War (1598–1663) Part of Eighty Years' War and Thirty Years' War Europe Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1606) Battle of the Downs South America Capture of Bahia Recapture of Bahia Battle in the Bay of San Salvador Siege of Recife (1630) Battle of Mata Redonda Battle of Abrolhos Campaign of Porto Calvo Siege of Salvador (1638) Action of 12–17 January 1640 Battle of Tabocas Conquest of Paraíba Insurrection of Pernambuco Action at Tamanana, 9 September 1645 First Battle of Guararapes Second Battle of Guararapes Recapture of Recife (1652–1654) Africa Siege of Mozambique (1607) Siege of Mozambique (1608) Battle of Elmina (1625) Battle of Elmina (1637) Capture of Luanda (1641) Battle of Kombi Recapture of Angola Asia Battle of Bantam Capture of Amboina Battle of Changi (1603) Siege of Malacca (1606) Battle of Cape Rachado Battle of Macau Action of 1 February 1625 Battle off Hormuz (1625) Battle of Goa (1638) Action of 30 September 1639 Siege of Galle (1640) Siege of Malacca (1641) Action of 23 March 1654 Action of 2 May 1654 Dutch conquest of Malabar (1658-1663)	Kingdom of Portugal Brazilian colonial forces Portuguese Angola Portuguese Mozambique Portuguese Malacca Portuguese India Portuguese Ceylon Portuguese Macau Supported by: Spanish Empire (until 1640) Kingdom of Cochin Ming China Hormuz Potiguara Tupis	Dutch East Indies Dutch Brazil Supported by: (until 1640) (until 1640) Safavid Empire Johor Sultanate Ternate Ayutthaya Kingdom of Kandy Sitawaka Jaffna Kingdom of Kongo Kingdom of Ndongo Rio Grande Tupis Nhandui Tarairiu Tribe	Indecisive Formation of the Dutch Empire. Portuguese Restoration War. Portuguese victory in Brazil, Angola, Goa and Macau. Dutch victory in Ghana, Malacca, Sri Lanka and Indonesia. Both sides claim victory in India.
Siege of Kottakkal(1599–1600) Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Kingdom of Calicut	Kunjali Marakkar forces	Victory
Palmares War(early 17th century–1695) Location: Brazil	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil Captaincy of Pernambuco Bandeirantes	Quilombo dos Palmares	Victory
Nossa Senhora da Graça incident(1610) Location: Nagasaki, Japan	Portuguese Empire	Tokugawa shogunate	Defeat
Battle of Swally(1612) Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	English East India Company	Defeat	Defeat
Cummean Revolt(1617–1621) Location: Brazil	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil	Tupinambá people	Victory
Sack of Madeira(1617) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers	Defeat
Tupinambá Revolt(1618) Location: Brazil	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil	Tupinambá people	Victory
Tupinambás Uprising (1617–1621) Cumã Revolt Location: Brazil	Kingdom of Portugal Brazilian colonial forces	Tupinambá rebel forces under tuxaua (cacique) Cabelo de Velha	Victory
1st Danish expedition to India(1618–1620) Location: Sri Lanka	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Ceylon	Supported by: Dutch East India Company	Portuguese militar victoryDanish political victory Raghunatha Nayak conceded Tranquebar to the Danish East India Company Portugal conquers Trincomalee
Sino-Dutch conflicts(1620s–1670s) Location: Asia–Pacific, China	Ming China Southern Ming dynasty Kingdom of Tungning	Dutch East India Company Chinese pirates	Victory
Capture of Ormuz (1622)Location: Persian Gulf	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Ormus Supported by: Spanish Empire	Safavid Empire English East India Company	Defeat Ormuz (which was under Portuguese control since 1507) goes back to Persian control
First Kongo-Portuguese War (1622–1623) Battle of Mbumbi Battle of Mbanda Kasi Location: Central Africa (modernAngola and Congo region)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Angola	Kingdom of Kongo	Status quo ante bellum Pedro II of Kongo sought help of Dutch empire, entering to the Dutch–Portuguese War
Spanish-Siam War (1624–1636)^[19] ^[20] ^[21] Location: Southeast Asia (modern Thailand)	Iberian Union Spanish East Indies Council of Portugal Macau Goa Malacca	Dutch East India Company	Defeat Dutch hegemony on Southeast Asia.
Battle of Duyon River (1629)Location: Malay Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Sultanate of Aceh	Decisive Victory Aceh's forces destroyed (loses 236 ships, 19,000 soldiers)
Motim das Maçarocas(1629) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Iberian Union Council of Portugal	Portuguese independentists	Victory
Mombasa war (1631–32) Location: East Africa (modern Kenya)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Mombasa Sultanate	Victory Portuguese retake Fort Jesus
Siege of Hooghly(1632) Part of Mughal-Portuguese conflicts Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Mughal Empire	Defeat
Portuguese expedition to Mombasa of 1632 Capture of Julfar (1633) Siege of Sohar (1633–1643) Part of Omani–Portuguese conflicts Location: East Africa (modern Kenya)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Oman Safavid Empire	Omani Empire	Defeat
Manuelinho Revolt(1637) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Iberian Union Council of Portugal	Portuguese independentists	Victory
Battle of Gannoruwa(1638) Location: Sri Lanka			Defeat Sinhalese army Victory Portuguese didn't attack Kingdom of Kandy again
Siege of Daman (1638–1639)Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Mughal Empire	Victory
Mazagan Ambush(1640) Part of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts Location: North Africa (Morocco)		Republic of Salé	Defeat
Portuguese Restoration War (1640–1668) Part of Thirty Years' War and Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal	Crown of Spain (Castile and Aragon)	Victory Treaty of Lisbon. Charles II of Spain recognizes the sovereignty of the House of Braganza over Portugal and its colonial possessions.^[22] Portugal cedes Ceuta to Castile.
Battle of Mbororé Part of Portuguese Restoration War Location: South America (modern Misiones Province, Argentina)	Colonial Brazil Bandeirantes Tupi people	Peru Río de la Plata and Paraguay Governorate Jesuit missions among the Guaran	Defeat
Acclamation of Amador Bueno(1641) Location: Brazil	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil	Nativists	Victory Failure in forming a kingdom Amador Bueno swears loyalty to king John IV
Siege of Muscat (1650)Location: Gulf of Oman	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Oman	Omani Empire	Defeat End of Portuguese rule in Oman and presence on the Persian Gulf.
Cachaça Revolt(1660–1661) Location: Brazil	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil	Rio de Janeiro Rebels	Victory
Raid of Tangier(1662) Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Portuguese Tangier Supported by:	Khadir Ghaïlan forcesSupported by: Crown of Spain Saadi Morocco	Stalemate Start of English occupation of Tangier.
Kongo Civil War (1665–1709) Battle of Mbwila Battle of Mbidizi River Battle of Kitombo Battle of São Salvador Location: Central Africa (modernAngola and Congo region)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Angola	Kingdom of Kongo----Kimpanzu dynasty forces----Kinlaza dynasty forces----Soyo and Ngoyo Supported by: Dutch West India Company	Stalemate Death of King António I of Kongo. Portugal recognizes Soyo independence by Papal Bull. Pedro IV of Kongo, orthodox catholic, is recognized as King of Kongo.
Dutch-Zamorin Conflicts(1666–1758) Location: Indian subcontinent	Zamorin English East India Company^[23] Portuguese Empire^[24]	Dutch East India Company	Defeat
Conjuration of Our Father(1666) Location: Brazil	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil	Pernambuco Rebels	Victory Jerônimo de Mendonça Furtado removed from the post of governor André Vidal de Negreiros appointed provisional governor
Battle of Pungo Andongo(1671) Location: Central Africa (modernAngola)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Angola	Kingdom of Ndongo	Victory
Battle of Katole(1681) Location: Central Africa (modernAngola)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Angola	Kingdom of Matamba	Pirric Victory
Barbarians' War(1683–1713) Location: Brazil	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil	Confederation of the Cariris	Victory
Maratha–Portuguese War (1683–1684)Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Maratha Confederacy	Victory Portuguese territory in India defended.
Beckman Revolt(1684) Location: Brazil	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil	Maranhão Rebels	Victory
Mughal–Portuguese War (1692–1693) Part of Mughal-Portuguese conflicts Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Mughal Empire	Victory Portuguese territory in India defended.
Taro Revolt(1694–1695) Location: Azores	Portugal	São Jorge peasants	Victory
Battle of Daman (1694)Location: India	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Omani Empire	Victory
Omani–Portuguese conflict (1696–1714) Siege of Mombasa (1696–1698) Battle of Surat (1704) Location: Indian Ocean, Southeast Africa, India	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Mombasa Portuguese India	Omani Empire	Indecisive Omani forces capture Fort Jesus. End of Portuguese hegemony in Southeast Africa.
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)On South America: Siege of Colonia del Sacramento Battle of Rio de Janeiro (1710) Battle of Rio de Janeiro Cassard expedition	Spain loyal to Charles Crown of Aragon Spanish Netherlands Austria (from 1702) Hanover (formed in 1707)^[25] (until 1707) (until 1707) British America British East India Company Portugal (from 1703) State of Brazil Danish Auxiliary Corps co-belligerent:^[26] Hungarian Royalists Kingdom of Croatia	Spain loyal to Philip Crown of Castile Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily New Spain New France French East India Company Bavaria (until 1704) Duchy of Mantua (until 1708) Cologne (until 1702) Liège (until 1702) co-belligerent: Kuruc (Kingdom of Hungary) Principality of Transylvania	Political victory for Philip Military victory for Charles Treaties of Utrecht, Rastatt, and Baden: Austria, Great Britain and the Dutch Republic recognise Philip V as King of Spain but he renounces any claim to the throne of France. Spain cedes territories in Europe. Spain cedes the Colony of Sacramento to the Portuguese Empire
Mura War(18th century) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Mura people	Victory
War of the Emboabas(1707–1709) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Paulistas (Bandeirantes)	Victory Creation of the Captaincy of São Paulo and Minas de Ouro. São Paulo bandeirantes are expelled from Minas Gerais.
Mascate War(1710–1711) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil Captaincy of Pernambuco Vila do Recife	Vila de Olinda	Victory Reconstitution of the Pelourinho do Recife Re-opening of the Recife Municipal Chamber
Salt Revolt(1710–1720) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	São Paulo Rebels	Victory
Mandu Ladino Revolt(1712–1719) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Tupi people	Victory
Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718) Battle of Matapan Location: Peloponnese, Aegean Sea, Ionian Islands, Dalmatia	Austria (from 1716) Spain		Defeat
Vila Rica Revolt(1720) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Supporters of Filipe dos Santos	Victory
Manaó War(1723–1728) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Manaó people	Victory
Expedition to Cabinda(1723) Location: Central Africa (modernAngola)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Angola	British EmpireKingdom of Ngoyo	Victory Portuguese expel British from the Fort of Santa Maria de Cabinda.
Maratha–Portuguese War (1725–1726)^[27] Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Maratha Confederacy	Inconclusive Peace of Bassein
Terço Velho Motin(1728) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Terço Velho Regiment	Victory
Portuguese-Omani conflict (1728–1729)Location: Indian Ocean, Southeast Africa	Portuguese EmpireSwahili city-states rebels against Oman	Omani EmpireSwahili city-states rebels against Portugal	Statu Quo Ante Bellum End of Portuguese presence on the Swahili coast.
Maratha–Portuguese War (1729–1732)Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Supported by:	Maratha Confederacy	Victory Start of Novas Conquistas
Novas Conquistas (1729–1789) Siege of Alorna Siege of Tiracol Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Supported by:Rajahnate of SoondaKingdom of Sawantwadi	---- Maratha Empire Kolhapur State Sawantwadi State	Victory
Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–37)Location: South America, Río de la Plata Basin (modern Uruguay)	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of the Río de la Plata	Victory Banda Oriental in Portuguese possession
Battle of Vasai(1739) Location: Indian subcontinent	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Maratha Confederacy	Defeat Baçaim ceded to the Peshwas
Naval Battle of Calicut (1752)Location: Indian subcontinent	Portugal	Maratha Empire	Victory
Guaraní War (1754–56)Location: South America, Misiones Orientales (modern Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil)	Portugal State of Brazil Spain Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of the Río de la Plata	Guaraní Jesuits Jesuit missions among the Guaraní	Victory Ratification of the Exchange Treaty. Declaration of the border between Spain and Portugal in South America Treaty of El Pardo. Total abandonment of the eastern missions by the Guarani (Transfer of the Guarani out of the territories ceded to Portugal.).
Seven Years' War (1756–1763) Anglo-Spanish War (1762–63) Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762) Fantastic War First Cevallos expedition Mojeño War Location: Europe, North America, West Indies, South America, West Africa, India, Philippines	British America Portugal State of Brazil Hanover Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Hesse-Kassel Schaumburg-Lippe Iroquois Confederacy Filipino rebels	New France Austria New Spain Viceroyalty of Peru	Victory The Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762) was defeated Spanish conquers Colonia del Sacramento and most of Rio Grande do Sul during the Fantastic War
First Curvelo Conspiracy(1760–1763) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Conspirators	Victory
War of Galangue (1768–1769)^[28] Location: Angola	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Angola	Galangue Kingdom	Victory Reconquer of Fortress of Caconda
Inconfidence of Mariana(1769) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Inconfidents	Victory
Siege of Mazagan (1769)Location: Morocco	Portuguese Empire	Sultanate of Morocco	Defeat End of Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts
First Luso-Ovimbo War(1774–1778) Location: Angola	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Angola	Ovimbundu Kingdoms Bailundo Viye Quingolo	Victory
Inconfidence of Sabará(1775) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Inconfidents	Victory
Second Curvelo Conspiracy(1776) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Conspirators	Victory
Spanish-Portuguese War (1776–1777)Location: South America, Río de la Plata Basin (modern Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil)	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Defeat First Treaty of San Ildefonso Portugal remains neutral during the American Revolutionary War and joins First League of Armed Neutrality
Bombardment of Algiers (1784) Part of Spanish–Algerian war (1775–1785) and Spanish-Barbary Wars (1605–1792) Location: North Africa (Algeria)	Spain Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily Order of Saint John Portugal	Regency of Algiers	Victory
Inconfidência Mineira(1789) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Inconfidents	Victory Failed Independence of Minas Gerais.
War of the Pyrenees (1793–1795) Part of French Revolutionary Wars (War of the First Coalition) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Pyrenees	Spain French Émigrés		Defeat
Rio de Janeiro Conjuration(1794–1795) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazil	Conjurates from Rio	Victory Failed Independence of Rio de Janeiro
1798 Revolt of the Alfaiates(1796–1799) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazi	Conjurates from Bahia	Victory Failed Independence of Bahia
Mediterranean campaign of 1798 Siege of Malta (1798–1800) Part of French Revolutionary Wars (War of the Second Coalition) Location: Mediterranean Sea	Portugal Septinsular Republic Hospitaller Malta	Spain	Victory
Conspiracy of the Suassunas(1800–1801) Location: Brazil	Portugal State of Brazi	Pernambuco rebels	Victory Failed Independence of Pernambuco
War of the Oranges (1801) Portuguese conquest of the Eastern Missions Part of French Revolutionary Wars (War of the Second Coalition) Location: Iberian Peninsula, South America (Río de la Plata and Guiana region)	State of Brazil	Spain Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata French Guiana	Defeat in Europe Victory in South America Treaty of Badajoz Question of Olivença Treaty of Madrid Territory of Brazil expanded in the south, but decrease in the north. Portugal quits from Coalition Wars until 1807.
Invasion of Portugal (1807) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Iberian Peninsula		French Empire	Defeat Start of Popular Revolts against French Occupation.
Peninsular War (1808–1814) Part of Napoleonic Wars and Campaign in south-west France (1814) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Southern France	Bourbon Spain Cortes of Cádiz	French Empire Bonapartist Spain Afrancesado Duchy of Warsaw Kingdom of Italy Confederation of the Rhine Swiss Confederation	Victory Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil
Portuguese conquest of French Guiana (1809) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: South America (The Guianas)	Portugal Brazil	French Empire	Victory
Battle of the Tiger's Mouth (1809–1810)Location: China (Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area)	Portugal	Red Flag Fleet	Victory
Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811–1812) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Río de la Plata Basin (Uruguay)	Portugal Brazil	United Provinces of the River Plate---- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Inconclusive
War of the Sixth Coalition (1813–1814) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Europe	Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Sweden Spanish Empire Kingdom of Portugal	Duchy of Warsaw	Victory Treaty of Fontainebleau, First Treaty of Paris Bourbon Restoration; Napoleon's exile to Elba Various territorial changes Beginning of the Congress of Vienna Hostilities resume with the return of Napoleon to power in 1815
War of the Seventh Coalition (1815) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Europe	Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Sweden Spanish Empire Kingdom of Portugal		Victory Second Treaty of Paris End of Napoleonic Wars Second exile of Napoleon and second Bourbon Restoration Beginning of the Concert of Europe
Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental (1816 - 1820) Part of Argentina Civil War (War against Artigas) and Platine Wars Location: Río de la Plata Basin (Uruguay and Argentina)	United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Kingdom of Brazil ---- United Provinces of the Río de la Plata	Federal League Banda Oriental Corrientes Santa Fe Córdoba	Victory Annexation of the Banda Oriental to the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.
Pernambucan Revolt(1817) Location: Brazil	United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Kingdom of Brazil	Rebels from Pernambuco Rebels from Paraíba Rebels from Potiguares	Victory Revolt suppressed Dissolution of the Comarca das Alagoas in the Pernambucan territory Failed Independence of Pernambuco
Lisbon Conspiration(1817) Location: Portugal	United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Absolutists Traditionalist	Supremo Conselho Regenerador de Portugal e do Algarve Liberals Freemasons	Victory Revolt suppressed Execution of Gomes Freire de Andrade.
Oporto Liberal Revolution(1820) Location: Portugal	United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Absolutists Traditionalist	Liberals	Defeat Implementation of Portuguese Constitution of 1822
Martinhada Revolt(1820) Location: Portugal	Junta Provisional do Governo Supremo do Reino Moderate liberals	Radical liberals Traditionalists	Victory
Liberal Revolution in Bahia and Grão-Pará(1821) Location: Brazil	United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Kingdom of Brazil	Captaincy of Bahia Captaincy of Grão-Pará	Victory Revolt suppressed Increase of the liberal movement in Rio de Janeiro
Constitutionalist revolt of the slaves(1821–1822) Location: Brazil	United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Kingdom of Brazil	Minas Gerais slaves	Inconclusive Rebels dispersed with the Proclamation of Independence
Brazilian War of Independence(1822–1824) Location: Brazil	Portugal Brazilian loyalists	European mercenaries	Defeat Brazilian independence Territorial unity of the Empire of Brazil Treaty of Rio de Janeiro Portuguese recognition of the Empire of Brazil End of Portuguese influence in the Americas
Vilafrancada(1823) Location: Portugal	Portugal	Miguelites	Victory
April Revolt(1824) Location: Portugal	Portugal	Miguelites	Victory
Liberal Wars (1828–1834) Part of Revolutions of 1830 Location: Iberian Peninsula (Portugal)	Liberal (Forces of Queen Maria II and Pedro IV)Supported by: Spain (Since 1834) United Kingdom France (Since 1830) Belgian volunteers (1832–1834)^[29]	Miguelites (Forces of King Miguel)Supported by: Spain (Until 1833) Holy Alliance Carlists	Liberal Victory Concession of Evoramonte: Constitutional monarchy is restored Dom Miguel renounces all his claims to the throne and goes into exile.
First Carlist War (1833–1840) Part of Carlist Wars and Revolutions of 1830 Location: Iberian Peninsula (Spain)	Carlists (Forces of Infante Carlos)Supported by: Portugal Holy Alliance^[30] Miguelites	Liberals (Forces of Queen Isabella II)Supported by: France United Kingdom Portugal	Liberal Victory British mediated Convention of Vergara.
Revolta dos Calcetas(1835) Location: Portugal	Portugal	Miguelites insurgents	Victory
September Revolution(1836) Location: Portugal	Portugal	Septembrists (radical liberals)	Defeat End of Devourism. The Constitutional Charter of 1826 is replaced by Portuguese Constitution of 1838
Marnotas Conspiracy(1837) Location: Portugal	Portugal	Miguelites insurgents	Victory
Revolt of the Marshals(1837) Chão da Feira Combat Ruivães Combat Location: Portugal	Portugal	Cartista insurgents	Victory
Bolama Question(1838–1870) Location: West Africa, Guinea-Bissau	Portugal Portuguese Guinea	United Kingdom Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate	Victory Bolama Island is annexed by Portugal.
Torres Novas Revolt(1844) Location: Portugal	Portugal	Anti-Cabralism insurgents	Victory
Patuleia (1846) Part of Revolution of Maria da Fonte Location: Portugal	Forces of Queen Maria II Cartista (conservative liberals) Quadruple Alliance Spain United Kingdom	Junta in Porto forces Septembrists (radical liberals) Miguelites (traditionalists)	Moderate Liberal Victory Convention of Gramido
Revolt of the Faitiões (1846)Location: China (Macau)	Portugal Portuguese Macau	Chinese rebels	Victory
Baishaling Incident (1849)Location: China (Macau)	Portugal Portuguese Macau	China	Victory
Guerras de Cassange(1850–62) Location: Angola	Portugal Portuguese Angola	Native peoples	Victory
Guerras do Nano(1855–74) Location: Angola	Portugal Portuguese Angola	Native peoples	Victory
Serpa Pinto Incident^[31] (1889) Location: Southern Africa (modern Zambia)	Portugal Portuguese Mozambique	Kololo people	Inconclusive 1890 British Ultimatum.
Anglo-Portuguese conflict on Manicaland^[32] (1890–1891)	Portugal Portuguese Mozambique Portuguese Angola	United Kingdom British Central Africa Protectorate British South Africa Company	Defeat Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891. Portugal got more territory in the Zambezi Valley, but ceded the Manicaland Province to British and renounce claims of Pink Map.
2nd Luso-Ovimbo War(1890–1904) Bailundo Revolt (1902–1904) Part of Campaigns of Pacification and Occupation Location: Angola	Portugal Portuguese Angola	Ovimbundu Kingdoms	Victory
31 January 1891 Revolt(1891) Location: Portugal	Kingdom of Portugal	Republicans	Victory
Battle of Mufilo (1907) Part of Campaigns of Pacification and Occupation Location: Angola	Portugal Portuguese Angola	Ovambo	Victory
Municipal Library Elevator Coup(1908) Location: Portugal	Kingdom of Portugal	RepublicansCarbonária	Victory Lisbon Regicide
5 October 1910 revolution(1910) Location: Portugal	Kingdom of Portugal	Republicans Carbonária	Defeat Manuel II is exiled and flees to England.

First Portuguese Republic (1910–1926)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
East Timorese rebellion (1911–1912)Location: East Timor		East Timorese rebels	Victory
Royalist attack on Chaves(1912) Location: Portugal and Galicia (Spain)	Portuguese Government	Royalist supportersSupported by: Spain	Victory Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Cabral Couceiro runs to Galicia, Spain.
27 April 1913 Revolt(1913) Location: Portugal	Portuguese Government	Federação Radical Republicana Radical Liberals	Victory
World War I (1914 - 1918) African theatre of World War I South West Africa campaign German campaign in Angola Ovambo Uprising East African campaign Western Front (World War I) Portuguese Expeditionary Corps Battle of the Lys (1918) Hundred Days Offensive Location: Europe, Africa, Asia	United Kingdom China Canada Australia New Zealand Hejaz		Victory End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers Establishment of the League of Nations
Água-Pe Revolt(1914) Location: Portugal	Portuguese Government	Royalist supporters	Victory
May 14 Revolt (1915) Location: Portugal	Portuguese Government	Republicans	Defeat End of General Pimenta de Castro's government 1915 Portuguese legislative election
December 1917 coup d'état(1917) Location: Portugal	Portuguese Government	Rebels led by Sidónio Pais	Defeat Sidónio Pais establish a Military Junta 1918 Portuguese general election
1919 Oporto Counter-Revolution (1919) Mosanto Royalist Revolt Location: Portugal	Portuguese Government	Monarchy of the North Royalist supporters	Victory
Bloody Night (Lisbon)(1921) Location: Portugal	Portuguese Government	Rioting members of the Army, Navy, and GNR soldiers	Pirric Victory 1922 Portuguese legislative election
April 18, 1925 Revolt(1925) Location: Portugal	Portuguese Government	Portuguese Armed Forces rebels	Victory
July 19, 1925 Revolt(1925) Location: Portugal	Portuguese Government	Portuguese Armed Forces rebels	Victory
28 May 1926 coup d'état(1926) Location: Portugal	Portuguese Government Republican Party	Portuguese Armed Forces Portuguese Army Portuguese Navy	Defeat Start of Ditadura Nacional and subsequent Estado Novo era.

Second Portuguese Republic (1933–1974)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
February 1927 Revolt(1927) Location: Portugal	Military Dictatorship Portuguese Army Portuguese Navy Republican National Guard	February 1927 movement Rebel units of the Portuguese Army Rebel units of the Portuguese Navy Rebel units of the Republican National Guard Democratic Party Democratic Left-wing Republican Party General Confederation of Labour	Victory
Fifis Revolt(1927) Location: Portugal	Military Dictatorship	Fascists	Victory
Madeira uprising(1931) Location: Portugal	Military DictatorshipSupported by: United Kingdom	Paris LeagueRepublica da Atlantida Madeira Azores Portuguese Guinea	Victory
26 Agost 1931 Insurrection(1931) Location: Portugal	Military Dictatorship	Buda GroupsParis League	Victory
Milk Revolt(1936) Location: Portugal	Estado Novo	Madeira protesters	Victory
Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939)Location: Spain	Spanish Nationalists Requetés/CT CEDA Army of Africa Portugal Viriatos	Spanish Republicans People's Army Popular Front UGT CNT-FAI Generalitat de Catalunya Euzko Gudarostea International Brigades Mexico	Victory End of the Second Spanish Republic
1936 Naval Revolt(1936) Location: Portugal	Estado Novo	Organização Revolucionária da Armada Portuguese Communist Party	Victory
Invasion of Timor(1942–45) [as [[Portugal during World War II|neutral power]] of World War II] Part of Pacific Theater Location: East Timor and Indonesia	Allies United Kingdom United States----		Status Quo Ante Bellum Japan occupies East Timor after the end of Dutch East Indies campaign. Withdrawal of Japanese after End of World War II in Asia.
Mealhada Revolt(1946) Location: Portugal	Estado Novo	Left-wing rebels	Victory
10 April 1947 Revolt(1947) Location: Portugal	Estado Novo	Junta de Libertação Nacional	Victory
Integration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1954)Location: India	Portugal	India	Defeat Incorporation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli into India.
Viqueque rebellion (1959)Location: East Timor	Portugal	East Timorese rebels	Victory
Angolan War of Independence (1961–1974) Part of Portuguese Colonial War Location: Angola	Portugal	MPLA FNLA UNITA FLEC	Military stalemate MPLA-Coalition Political victory Ceasefire and independence after the Carnation revolution: Alvor Agreement Angolan independence in 1975, start of the Angolan Civil War.^[33]
Annexation of Portuguese India (1961)Location: India	Portugal	India	Defeat Incorporation of Goa, Daman, and Diu into India.
Beja Revolt(1961–1962) Location: Portugal	Estado Novo	Democrat rebels	Victory
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence (1963–1974) Part of Portuguese Colonial War Location: Guinea-Bissau	Portugal	PAIGC (1970 only) ^[34] Non-combat support: ^[35] ^[36] ^[37] ^[38] ^[39] ^[40] ^[41] ^[42] ^[43] Brazil^[44]	PAIGC Political victory^[45] Military stalemate Independence of Guinea-Bissau.
Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1974) Part of Portuguese Colonial War Location: Mozambique	Portugal	FRELIMO	Military stalemate FRELIMO Political victory Independence of Mozambique
Caldas Insurrection(1974) Location: Portugal	Estado Novo	Portuguese Armed Forces rebels	Victory
Carnation Revolution(1974) Location: Portugal	Estado Novo	AF Movement	Defeat Start of Portuguese transition to democracy

Portugal (1974–present)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Bosnian War (1994–1995) NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina Implementation Force Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina Part of the Yugoslav Wars Location: Balkans	Bosnia and Herzegovina---- Herzeg-Bosnia Croatia---- United States Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom	YPA Western Bosnia FR Yugoslavia	Victory Dayton Accords Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords Deployment of NATO-led IFOR to oversee the peace agreement Massive civilian casualties for the Bosniak ethnic group
Kosovo War (1998–1999) Kosovo Force Part of the Yugoslav Wars Location: Balkans	KLA AFRK Albania Croatia United States Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark France Germany Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Poland Spain Turkey United Kingdom	FR Yugoslavia	Victory Kumanovo Treaty Yugoslav security forces pull out of Kosovo KLA veterans join the UÇPMB, starting the Preševo insurgency
Guinea-Bissau Civil War (1998–1999) Location: Guinea-Bissau	Guinea-Bissau Senegal Guinea France Portugal	Military rebels MFDC United States	Defeat Ousting of President João Bernardo Vieira Military junta established Malam Bacai Sanhá appointed provisional president
1999 East Timorese crisis (1999–2005) part of Decolonisation of Asia Location: East Timor	INTERFET UNTAET	Pro-Indonesia militias Aitarak Besi Merah Putih Laksaur Mahidi Supported by: Kopassus (alleged) BIN^[46] Jakarta lobby^[47] ^[48] ^[49]	Victory Independence of East Timor is seizured
War in Afghanistan (2001–2014) Operation Hoover Resolute Support Mission Part of the War on Terror Location: Afghanistan	United States Afghanistan ISAF United Kingdom Azerbaijan Germany Denmark Italy France Canada Australia New Zealand El Salvador Armenia Georgia Norway Sweden Poland Estonia Romania Turkey Bulgaria Hungary Luxembourg Portugal Jordan Albania Iceland Northern Alliance	Taliban Islamic Jihad Union Haqqani network ----Allied groups HIG al-Qaeda IJU^[50] IMU ----Taliban splinter groups Fidai Mahaz 2001 invasion: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Taliban al-Qaeda 055 Brigade	"Victory" American-led coalition invasion and occupation of Afghanistan Destruction of al-Qaeda training camps Fall of the Taliban government Establishment of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under the Karzai administration Start of Taliban insurgency Death of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan Commencement of war's 2015–2021 phase
Operation Active Endeavour(2001–2016) Part of the War on Terror Location: Mediterranean Sea	Non-NATO:	Unspecified terrorist and smuggling groups	"Victory" Continued by Operation Sea Guardian
East Timorese crisis (2006)Location: East Timor	Australia New Zealand Malaysia Portugal	FTDL elements	Victory Violence ends.
Operation Atalanta(2008-) Part of counter-piracy efforts off the Horn of Africa Location: Somalia	(European Union Training Mission in Somalia)Non EU: Colombia Iceland Liechtenstein Montenegro New Zealand Norway Serbia Switzerland United Kingdom	Somali pirates	Ongoing
Central African Republic Civil War (2012-) European Union Military Operation in the Central African Republic January 2019 Bambari clashes 2020 N'Délé clashes Location: Central African Republic	Central African Armed Forces MINUSCA (since 2014) Rwanda (since 2020)^[51] (since 2018) Wagner Group^[52] Russian Imperial Movement^[53] Black Russians^[54] ----Formerly: South Africa (2013)MISCA (2013–2014) France (2013–2021)^[55] EUFOR RCA (2014–2015)	PRNC Lord's Resistance Army Azande Ani Kpi Gbe (since March 2023)^[56] ----Defunct groups: RJ (2013–2018) MNLC (2017–2019) MLCJ (2008–2022) RPRC (2014–2022)	Ongoing
Mali War (2012-)Location: Mali	Chad ^[57] Poland MINUSMA	Ansar Dine Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb ---- Azawad	Ongoing
Insurgency in Cabo Delgado (2017–2020) Part of War on terror and War against the Islamic State Location: Mozambique	Mozambique Rwanda (from 2021)^[58] Southern African Development Community (from 2021) South Africa^[59] Botswana^[60] ^[61] ^[62] Lesotho Malawi^[63] Angola^[64] Supported by: ^[65] EUTM-Moz (from 2021) Uganda United States (from 2021)^[66] ^[67] Portugal (from 2020)^[68] ^[69] United Kingdom^[70] Turkey^[71]	Ansar al-Sunna Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant^[72] Supported by: Organized crime Foreign sympathizers----Bandits^[73]	Ongoing

See also

• Military history of Portugal

References

Further reading

• West . Sunguta . 14 June 2018 . Ansar al-Sunna: A New Militant Islamist Group Emerges in Mozambique . Terrorism Monitor . 15 . 12 . 5–7 . . 23 August 2018 .

Notes and References

1. Book: Schäfer, Heinrich . Histoire de Portugal: depuis sa séperation de la Castille jusqu'à nos jours . 1840 . Parent-Desbarres . fr.
2. López Fernández . Manuel . 2018 . Guadalmesí y Palmones: la influencia de dos batallas en la conquista de Algeciras (1342-1343) . E-Strategica: Revista de la AIHM (Siglos IV-XVI) . 2 . 63–88 . 2530-9951.
3. Quesada . Miguel Ángel Ladero . 2000-01-01 . Portugueses en la frontera de Granada . En la España Medieval . es . 23 . 67 . 1988-2971.
4. Barros (p. 140)
5. The Portuguese period in East Africa – p. 112
6. Book: Welch, Sidney R.. Portuguese rule and Spanish crown in South Africa, 1581–1640. 1950. Juta. 978-0-8426-1588-4 . 25.
7. Book: Stanley, Bruce . Mogadishu . Dumper . Michael . Stanley . Bruce E. . Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA253. 2007. ABC-CLIO. 978-1-57607-919-5. 253.
8. Book: Knappert . Jan . Four Centuries of Swahili Verse: A Literary History and Anthology . 1979 . Heinemann . 978-0-435-91702-9 . 11.
9. Web site: Naskah Surat Sultan Zainal 'Abidin (Wafat 923 H/1518 M) . 2023-09-25.
10. Web site: Sultan Ma'ruf Syah, Semoga Allah Merahmatinya . 2023-09-25.
11. Book: Henze, Paul B.. Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. 2000. Hurst & Company. 1850655227. 89.
12. Historical dictionary of Ethiopia By David Hamilton Shinn, Thomas P. Ofcansky, Chris Prouty p. 171
13. Leslie Bethell: Colonial Brazil, Cambridge University Press, 1987, p. 167.
14. Web site: Ramerini . Marco . 2014-02-16 . The Portuguese in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore . 2023-06-18 . Colonial Voyage . en-US.
15. Web site: Ramerini . Marco . 2014-02-16 . The Spanish Presence in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore . 2023-06-20 . Colonial Voyage . en-US.
16. Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, 1933, book VIII, p. 391.
17. Book: Loureiro, Rui Manuel . Galiote Pereira_Algumas cousas sabidas da China_1992.
18. Web site: 2019-12-14 . Intrigue In Longvek- Iberians in 16th Century Cambodia ⋆ Cambodia News English . 2023-11-15 . Cambodia News English CNE. en-GB.
19. Web site: History of Ayutthaya - Foreign Settlements - Portuguese Settlement . 2023-07-05 . www.ayutthaya-history.com.
20. Web site: History of Ayutthaya - Essays - Spain . 2023-07-05 . www.ayutthaya-history.com.
21. Web site: History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649 . 2023-07-05 . www.ayutthaya-history.com.
22. Birmingham, p. 51
23. Book: Boland-Crewe . Tara . The Territories and States of India . Lea . David . Taylor & Francis . 2003 . 9781135356255 . e-book . 145 . English.
24. Book: Poonen, T. I. . Dutch Hegemony in Malabar and Its Collapse, A.D. 1663–1795 . Department of Publications, University of Kerala . 1978 . 70.
25. The Acts of Union of 1707 united the crowns of England and Scotland, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain. For much of the war, Scottish units were under Dutch pay and operated as part of the army of the Dutch Republic.
26. From 1703 started the Rákóczi's War of Independence as a proxy conflict of the Habsburg-Bourbon conflict during Spanish Succession War. Spanish mercenaries fought in the Hungarian conflict for both sides due to alliances.
27. Lobato, 1965, p. 100.
28. Blog TV Navegante. A Revolta do Mutu-ya-Kevela. 10 de março de 2017.
29. Web site: 11 June 2006 . Belgian Corps 1832-35 in Portugal's Liberal Wars . 17 February 2013.
30. Book: Bullón de Mendoza y Gómez de Valugera, Alfonso . La primera guerra carlista . 1992 . Actas . 978-84-87863-08-0.
31. VI – Lord Salisbury's 1890 Ultimatum to Portugal and Anglo-Portuguese Relations . The Treaty of Windsor (1386) and 620 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Relations . Instituto Camões Centre for Portuguese Language . 18 October 2006 . St. Peter's College, Oxford . Teresa Pinto . Coelho. Index to papers presented at the October 2006 Instituto Camões Centre for Portuguese Language Conference
32. M Newitt, (1995). A History of Mozambique, pp. 353–354.
33. Book: Crocker, Chester A.. Fen Osler Hampson. Pamela R. Aall. 2005. Grasping The Nettle: Analyzing Cases Of Intractable Conflict. 213.
34. References:
    • "Cuba: Havana's Military Machine". The Atlantic, August 1988. "In Guinea-Bissau, Cuban combat units saw action, fighting with Amilcar Cabral's rebel army against Portuguese colonial rule."
    • Book: George . Edward . The Cuban intervention in Angola, 1965–1991: From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale . 2012 . Routledge . London . 9780415647106 . 354.
35. Guerrilla Warfare: A Historical and Critical Study, 1976. p. 362.
36. Peter van Ness (1971). Revolution and Chinese Foreign Policy: Peking's Support for Wars of National Liberation. p. 143.
37. Cuba in the World, 1979. pp. 95–96.
38. Amilcar Cabral (2002): Revolutionary Leadership and People's War. p. 86.
39. Guerrilla Strategies: An Historical Anthology from the Long March to Afghanistan, 1982. p. 208.
40. Qaddafi: his ideology in theory and practice, 1986. p. 140.
41. Imagery and Ideology in U.S. Policy Toward Libya 1969–1982, 1988. p. 70.
42. Modern African Wars: Angola and Moçambique 1961-1974, 1988. p. 12.
43. Wars in the Third World since 1945, 1995. p. 35.
44. 174815. Brazilian Relations with Portuguese Africa in the Context of the Elusive "Luso-Brazilian Community". Selcher. Wayne A.. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 1976. 18. 1. 25–58. 10.2307/174815.
45. A Guerra - Colonial - do Ultramar - da Libertação, 2nd Season (Portugal 2007, director Joaquim Furtado, RTP)
46. News: 15 November 2004 . Indonesia 'bugged' Australia . The Age.
47. News: 19 December 2011 . The Collins allegations. Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability We Hold That It is Possible to Build Peace, Create Security, and Restore Sustainability for All People in Our Time .
48. News: PM - A look behind the 'Jakarta Lobby' . ABC Australia News.
49. News: PM - Intelligence analyst blasts the DIO . ABC Australia News.
50. Web site: Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad. The Long War Journal. 24 August 2015 . 27 August 2015.
51. https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/rwanda-deploys-troops-to-car-under-bilateral-arrangement-3235960 Rwanda deploys troops to CAR under bilateral arrangement
52. News: 2021-04-29 . Central African troops and Russian mercenaries accused of abuses in anti-rebel offensive . en . The New Humanitarian . 2021-05-13.
53. Web site: Sahinkaya . Ezel . Galperovich . Danila . 9 May 2020 . Radical Russian Imperial Movement Expanding Global Outreach . 8 October 2022 . Voice of America.
54. News: MondAfrique . L'incroyable constellation des groupes armés en Centrafrique . Aza . Boukhris . 24 August 2023 . fr.
55. News: France suspends military, budgetary support to Central African Republic . 8 June 2021 . Africa News.
56. News: Nzilo . Alain . 13 March 2023 . Le Préfet du Haut-Mbomou sous pression : une nouvelle milice d'autodéfense locale, AZANDE ANI KPI GBE, appelle à son départ . 8 July 2023 . Corbeaunews Centrafrique . fr.
57. News: 2013-01-13 . España promete ayuda militar y apoyo logístico a Mali en la guerra contra Ansar Dine . 2023-06-21 . Cuartopoder . es.
58. News: Rwanda Sends 1,000 Soldiers, Police to Fight Mozambique Militants . Voice of America - English .
59. News: 6 August 2021 . JSCD updated on Op Vikela, South Africa's commitment to SADC Mission in Mozambique . en-ZA . defenceWeb .
60. https://www.voanews.com/africa/botswana-sends-nearly-300-troops-mozambique Botswana Sends Nearly 300 Troops to Mozambique
61. News: Is IS Gaining Foothold in Mozambique? . Sirwan Kajjo . Salem Solomon . Voice of America . 7 June 2019 . 15 June 2019.
62. News: 12 Aug 2020 . Mocimboa da Praia: Key Mozambique port 'seized by IS' . BBC News . 15 September 2020.
63. News: Nyasa Times . 4 December 2020 . Malawi Set to Send Troops to Fight Islamists in Mozambique Mid-Month . allAfrica.com.
64. https://www.defenceweb.co.za/sa-defence/sa-defence-sa-defence/angola-sending-military-advisors-to-mozambique/ Angola sending military advisors to Mozambique
65. News: Military & Defense - Russia, Mozambique to step up military-technical cooperation . TASS . 2018-05-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180411205929/http://tass.com/defense/993217 . 2018-04-11 . live .
66. News: 21 Mar 2021 . Mozambique conflict: Why are US forces there? . BBC News . 22 Mar 2021.
67. News: 20 March 2021 . US deploys Green Berets to defeat ISIS-linked insurgents accused of beheading children on a new front in southern Africa . 22 Mar 2021 . Business Insider.
68. News: 11 December 2020 . Portugal to help Mozambique train forces against militants . 23 March 2021. Reuters . Reuters News.
69. News: 30 March 2021 . Portugal to send troops to Mozambique after brazen Palma attack by Islamic insurgents . France 24.
70. News: Jane Flanagan . 31 March 2021 . SAS joins hunt for missing British contractor Phil Mawer after Mozambique attack . The Times .
71. News: 2 April 2022 . Turkey ready to cooperate with Mozambique against terrorism . Daily Sabah .
72. News: AU confirms ISIS infiltration in East Africa . . 24 May 2018 . 31 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174150/https://www.independent.co.ug/au-confirms-isis-infiltration-in-east-africa/ . 23 August 2018 . live . dmy-all .
73. News: 7 February 2020 . Beheadings, kidnappings amid surge in Mozambique attacks: UN . 1 May 2020 . Al Jazeera.