List of wars involving North Korea explained

This is a list of wars involving North Korea and its predecessor states.

List

Joseon: 1392–1897

Conflict	Joseon dynasty and its allies	Opponents	Results	Monarch of the Joseon Dynasty
Joseon dynasty
Second Tsushima Expedition (1396)		Tsushima Province	Victory Resulted in yearly tributes by Tsushima.	King Taejong
Third Tsushima Expedition (1419)		Tsushima Province	Military defeat Diplomatic victory^[1] ^[2] Korea gave up occupation of Tsushima.^[3] Wokuo pirates cease their activities in Joseon ^[4] Tsushima would be granted trading privileges with Joseon, in exchange for maintaining control and order of pirate threats originating from the island.	King Sejong the Great
Joseon Northern Expedition (1443)		Jianzhou Jurchens	Victory Led to establishment of present-day northern borders.	King Sejong the Great
Sampo Invasion (1510)		Tsushima Province Japanese pirates	Victory Joseon broke all diplomatic relations with Japan after the incident.	King Jungjong
Imjin War (1592–1598)	Righteous Army Ming dynasty	Azuchi-Momoyama Japan	Victory Joseon and Ming victory	King Seonjo
Ming-Manchu War (1618–1683)	Ming dynasty Kumul Khanate Turfan Khanate	Manchus	Defeat Joseon helped the Ming dynasty in the Battle of Sarhu.	Gwanghaegun
First Manchu invasion of Korea (1627)		Later Jin Dynasty	Defeat Was spurred by actions of Mao Wenlong, a Ming commander who operated off islands of Korea.	King Injo
Second Manchu invasion of Korea (1636–1637)		Qing Dynasty	Defeat Brought forth the idea of Punitive North Expedition in Joseon.	King Injo
Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)	China	Russia Cossacks	Victory Part of Russia's expansion into Siberia.	King Hyojong
French campaign against Korea (1866)			French withdrawal Spurred by Joseon's execution of French Catholic priests on the same year.	Heungseon Daewongun
United States expedition to Korea (1871)		United States	American withdrawal Spurred by Joseon's unknown treatment of the American merchant ship General Sherman.	Heungseon Daewongun
Ganghwa Island incident (1875)			Defeat Joseon was forced to sign Treaty of Ganghwa in 1876.	King Gojong
Imo Incident (1882)		Korean military dissidents, mostly from the Central Defense Command	Victory Spurred by Central Defense Command receiving significantly worse treatment compared to the newly established "Byolkigun".	King Gojong
Gapsin Coup (1884)	Supported by China	Reformist Faction Supported by	Gapsin Coup overthrown Resulted in Chinese dominance within Korean politics.	King Gojong
Donghak Peasant Revolution (1894–1895)		Donghak Peasant's Army	Victory Resulted in First Sino-Japanese War.	King Gojong

Korean Empire: 1897–1910

Conflict	Korean Empire and its allies	Opponents	Results	Emperor of Korean Empire
Korean Empire
Korean invasion of Manchuria (1902)			Victory Korean settlers and soldiers moved into Southern Manchuria as the Qing Dynasty weakened	Emperor Gwangmu
Eulsa Righteous War (1905)	Righteous Army		Defeat Reaction to Eulsa Protective Treaty, which made the Korean Empire a Protectorate of Japan.	Emperor Gwangmu
Jeungmi Righteous War (1907)	Righteous Army		Defeat Reaction to the forced dissolution of the Korean Imperial Army.	Emperor Yunghui
Great Korean Militia Roundup Campaign (1909)	Righteous Army		Defeat Most battles were around the Southern Korea region of Jeolla.	Emperor Yunghui

North Korea: 1948–present

Conflict	North Korea and its allies	Opponents	Results	North Korean losses	Leader of North Korea
				Military		Civilian
North Korea
Korean War (1950–1953)	China	United Nations Command United States United Kingdom Canada Australia New Zealand Turkey Philippines Thailand France Colombia Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg	Stalemate North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled, UN invasion of North Korea repelled, Chinese invasion of South Korea repelled. Korean Armistice Agreement signed. Korean Demilitarized Zone established, little territorial change at the 38th parallel border.
Vlora Incident (1961-1968)	^[5] Warsaw Pact		Defeat Withdrawal of soviet marines^[6] and technicians Warsaw Pact capture of Pasha Liman Base failed^[7] In 1962, the Soviet Union began a plan to invade Albania^[8] In 1970, the Soviet Union, under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev tried to take the Mediterranean Sea but failed
Simba Rebellion (1964)	Simba Rebels Military advisors: Cuba China	Combat support: Belgium United States	Defeat (limited involvement) Rebellion defeated.
Communist insurgency in Thailand (1965–1983)	Communist Party of Thailand Pathet Lao^[9] ^[10] Khmer Rouge (until 1978) Malayan Communist Party Weapons and advisors (until 1976) (from 1976) China	Thailand (until 1967) United States Malaysia	Defeat (limited involvement) Defeat of communist insurgency.
Vietnam War (1967–1969)	Viet Cong Pathet Lao Khmer Rouge China	United States Australia New Zealand Cambodia Khmer Republic Thailand	Victory (in 1975) Withdrawal of American forces from Indochina in 1973 North Vietnamese victory over South Vietnam in 1975 Dissolution of the South Vietnamese state Communist regimes take power in South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos
Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969)		United States	Defeat North Korean failure to instigate an armed insurgency in South Korea
1971 JVP insurrection (1971)	JVP ^[11] ^[12] Supported by: ASBPI^[13] ^[14] CCP (Maoist) (alleged)^[15]		Defeat Rebel leaders captured and remaining members surrender. Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island. Expulsion of North Korean diplomats.
Yom Kippur War (1973)	Egypt <	-- Egypt, Syria, and Libya all had the same flag in 1972, see Flag of Syria (historical section) and and the current flag was introduced in 1980 --> Jordan Algeria Morocco Tunisia Cuba ^[16] ^[17]	Israel	Defeat^[18] Syrian invasion of Israel repelled. Israel–Syria Disengagement Agreement Geneva Conference and the Sinai II Agreement Strategic political gains for Egypt and Israel
Ethiopian Civil War (1974–1991)	Derg (1974–1987) Ethiopia (1987–1991) Cuba	EPRP TPLF MEISON (from 1977) EPDM EDU EPLF	Defeat Fall of Communist government Independence of Eritrea Ethiopia becomes a landlocked country
Angolan Civil War (1975–2002)	MPLA SWAPO MK Cuba (1975–91) (1975–89) (1975–89)^[19] ^[20] EO (1992–95)	UNITA FNLA FLEC South Africa (1975–89) (1975)^[21]	Victory (by 1992) Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989 Transition towards a multiparty political system in 1991/92 Dissolution of the armed forces of FNLA Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991/92 onwards, but civil war continues Jonas Savimbi killed in 2002 Immediate peace agreement and dissolution of the armed forces of UNITA in 2002 Resistance of FLEC continued beyond 2002
Ugandan Bush War (1980–1986)	UNLA (until 1985)	NRA	Defeat Overthrow of Milton Obote
1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War (1982)	Ethiopia SSDF Supported by: Cuba^[22]	Somalia Supported by: United States^[23]	Defeat (limited involvement)
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009)	Tamil Tigers Supported by: (from 1997)^[24] ^[25] Eritrea^[26] ^[27] ^[28]	Sri Lanka India	Defeat (limited involvement) Rebel group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam militarily defeated. Sri Lankan government reestablishes control over entire island.
1987–1989 JVP insurrection (1987–1989)	JVP DJV Support: ^[29] ^[30] Cuba^[31] PLOTE ^[32] ^[33] ^[34]	Sri Lanka India Military support for Sri Lanka: Israel^[35] Pakistan South Africa United Kingdom United States	Defeat (limited involvement) Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces lifted. Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc.
United States invasion of Panama (1989–1990)	Panama Panama Defense Force Supported by: Cuba^[36] Nicaragua	United States Panama	Defeat (limited involvement) Military leader Manuel Noriega deposed
Yemeni Civil War (1994)	South Yemen Supported by: Saudi Arabia^[37] ^[38]	North Yemen Jihadists^[39] Supported by: United States^[40] Egypt	Defeat (limited involvement) Reunification under northern government Purge of Yemeni socialism and the left Further tension in Yemen eventually leads to Yemeni crisis
Battle of Amami-Ōshima (2001)		Japan	Defeat North Korean naval trawler sunk^[41]
2006 Lebanon War	Amal Movement Lebanese Communist Party PFLP-GC Lebanon Supported by:	Israel	Stalemate (limited involvement) Ceasefire through UNSC Resolution 1701. Introduction of the Lebanese Army and the reinforcement of UNIFIL in South Lebanon.
First Libyan Civil War (2011)	Belarus Zimbabwe Foreign mercenaries^[42] ^[43] ^[44] ^[45] ^[46] Minor border clashes: Darfur rebels^[47] Weapons and advisors: ^[48] Algeria^[49] Cuba^[50] ^[51] China (until 12 September)^[52] (until 1 September)^[53] Mozambique	Anti-Gaddafi forces Qatar Enforcing UNSC Resolution 1973: Belgium Bulgaria Canada Denmark France Greece Italy Netherlands Norway Romania Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States Other countries: Sweden Jordan^[54] United Arab Emirates^[55] Lebanon Saudi Arabia^[56] ^[57] Minor border clashes Tunisia Arms suppliers: Egypt ^[58] Switzerland^[59] Morocco Other support: Botswana Peru Ethiopia	Defeat (limited involvement) Overthrow and collapse of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Death of Muammar Gaddafi and end of his rule over Libya Assumption of interim control by National Transitional Council; remains in power until August 8, 2012 UN authorisation of NATO military intervention Diplomatic recognition of NTC as sole governing authority for Libya by 105 countries, UN, EU, AL and AU Factional violence leading to another civil war in 2014^[60] Rise and spread of Salafism in Libya^[61]
Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)	Supreme Political Council Houthis Pro-Saleh forces (until 2017) Some Popular Committees^[62] Sana'a-GPC forces^[63]	Pro-Hadi Security forces Yemen National Army (YNA) Al-Islah Popular Resistance Committees^[64] Popular Committees Southern Movement^[65] ^[66] Strategic Reserve (pro-Hadi Saleh forces)^[67] ^[68] ^[69] ^[70] ^[71] Saudi-led coalition Saudi Arabia^[72] United Arab Emirates Senegal^[73] Sudan^[74] Morocco^[75] Qatar Academi security contractors^[76] ^[77] ^[78] ^[79] Green Berets^[80] ^[81] French Army Special Forces Command^[82] ^[83] ^[84] Al-Qaeda^[85] ^[86] ^[87] Academi---- Southern Transitional Council (from 2017)^[88] Tareq Saleh forces (from 2017)^[89] ^[90] National Resistance Tihamah Resistance ---- Ansar al-Sharia AQAP^[91] ---- ISIL-YP^[92] ^[93]	Ongoing Houthis dissolve Yemeni government Houthis take control of northern Yemen Conflict in Najran, Jizan and Asir
2023 Israel–Hamas war (2023–present) 2023 Israel–Lebanon border clashes 2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria part of Iran–Israel proxy conflict	Supported by: Syria Hezbollah	Israel Supported by: Free Syrian Army	Ongoing North Korea sends weapons to Iranian proxy groups.
Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present) Russian invasion of Ukraine	Supported by: (since 2024)		Ongoing North Korea sends weapons and troops as of June 2024.^[94]

See also

• Korean People's Army
• List of wars involving Korea
• List of wars involving South Korea

Notes and References

1. Web site: The Veritable Records of King Sejong . 20 January 2021 . 左議政朴訔啓: "左軍節制使朴實 對馬島敗軍時所(護)〔獲〕 漢人 宋官童等十一名, 備知我師見敗之狀, 不可解送中國, 以見我國之弱。Left State Councilor Bak Eun advised, "Eleven Chinese people including Song Guantong, who were freed when Bak Sil, commander of the Left Army, was defeated in Tsushima Island, know much about the situation in which our troops were defeated. [They] should not be sent to China under escort, because that would reveal our country’s weakness [to China].".
2. Web site: The Veritable Records of King Sejong . esillok.history.go.kr . 18 July 2021 . 仇里安曰: "本島之屬於慶尙道, 己之所不知, 戒道豈能獨知乎? 必是妄言也。 … 對馬島, 日本邊境。攻對馬島, 是攻本國也 Kyūrian said, “I did not know about our island’s subordination to Gyeongsang Province. How could [Shin] Kaidō alone have known? This surely was reckless talk. … Tsushima is on the Japanese frontier, thus an attack on Tsushima is an attack on Japan..
3. "朝鮮世宗實錄4卷1年7月9日" Annals of King Sejong Vol.4 July 9 http://sillok.history.go.kr/inspection/insp_king.jsp?id=wda_10107009_005
4. Seoh . M.S. . 1969 . A Brief Documentary Survey of Japanese Pirate Activities in Korea in the 13 th—15 th Centuries . Journal of Korean Studies (1969-1971) . 1 . 1 . 23–39 . 23849476 . 0022-2127.
5. Web site: Hotham . Oliver . 2019-08-15 . Comrades disunited: North Korea and the Soviet-Albanian split. 2023-02-10 . NK News - North Korea News . en-US.
6. Book: Low, Alfred D. . The Sino-Soviet dispute : an analysis of the polemics . 1976 . Fairleigh Dickinson University Press . 0-8386-1479-5 . Rutherford, New Jersey . 2225938.
7. Web site: says . yp Xhixh . 2022-02-14 . "Shqiptarët tentuan t'i merrnin të 12 nëndetëset!" Zbardhet dokumenti sekret i arkivave sovjetike: Si dështoi plani që baza t'i kalonte Traktatit të Varshavës . 2022-12-21 . Gazeta Tema.
8. Web site: Zbulohet plani i Rusisë për pushtimin e Shqipërisë . 2023-02-08 . sq.
9. Web site: Communist Insurgency In Thailand. CIA Report. 1 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20220818051819/https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000012498.pdf. 2022-08-18.
10. Web site: Anatomy of a Counterinsurgency Victory. January 2007. 1 December 2014. 29 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180329055858/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/milreview/marks.pdf. dead.
11. Web site: The story of a North Korea-backed rebellion in Sri Lanka – NK News – North Korea News. 10 October 2017.
12. Web site: North Korea's role in Sri Lanka. 12 March 2014.
13. Book: History of the JVP (People's Liberation Front - Sri Lanka): 1965-1994. Battaramulla. Niyamuwa Publiacations. 978-955-8696-39-2. First. 2014.
14. Sri Lanka the years of Terror. p. 59
15. Web site: Unknown. divaina.com .
16. Smith, Terence (1973-10-18). "Hundreds of Tanks Clash in a Struggle for Suez Area". The New York Times. "North Korea has decided to give military assistance to Egypt and Syria, its press agency [...] said today."
17. Smith, Hedrick (1973-10-19). "Flow of Soviet Jews Is Undimished". The New York Times. "[...] Premier Kim Il Sung of North Korea had met with the Egyptian and Syrian ambassadors in Pyonyang to inform them of his Government's decision 'to give material assistance including military aid to Syria and Egypt.' [...] [This] lends credence to the [US] Defence Department's report that North Korean pilots were flying missions for Cairo."
18. References:
    • Herzog, The War of Atonement, Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward
    • Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, Yom Kippur War, Doubleday (publisher), 1974, page 450
    • Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli Army. Cambridge, MA, Abt Books, 1983
    • Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498
    • 0-313-31302-4&lr=#v=onepage&q=&f=false Revisiting The Yom Kippur War, P.R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2
    • Johnson and Tierney, Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics. Page 177
    • Charles Liebman, The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411.
19. Web site: AfricanCrisis . AfricanCrisis . 2013-08-18 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120313165633/http://www.africancrisis.co.za/Article.php?ID=24839& . 2012-03-13 .
20. News: North Korea: Opponents of Apartheid . Benjamin R . Young . . 16 December 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161103232746/https://www.nknews.org/2013/12/north-korea-opponents-of-apartheid/ . 3 November 2016 . 28 June 2019 .
21. Perez de Cuellar C. Pilgrimage for Peace: A Secretary-General's Memoir pp. 325–326
22. Web site: The History Guy: Ethiopia-Somalia Wars and Conflicts.
23. Web site: Somalia SOMALIA'S DIFFICULT DECADE, 1980–90 – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System. www.workmall.com.
24. Web site: Transcript- Rohan Gunaratne. Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission. 2010. 28 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120119072710/http://www.llrcarchive.org/2010/10/rohan-gunaratne/. 19 January 2012. dead.
25. Web site: LTTE runs illegal operations overseas – Minister Gunawardena. priu.gov.lk. 2011. 29 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120111131341/http://www.priu.gov.lk/news_update/Current_Affairs/ca201101/20110107ltte_runs_illegal_operations_overseas.htm. 11 January 2012. dead. dmy-all.
26. Web site: Sri Lanka finds LTTE fighter planes in Eritrea – Report . . 2009 . 30 July 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111003123953/http://www.jimmatimes.com/article/Latest_News/Latest_News/Sri_Lanka_finds_LTTE_fighter_planes_in_Eritrea_Report/32664 . 3 October 2011 .
27. Web site: Eritrea providing direct military assistance to LTTE – USSFRC. Ministry of Defense. 2007. 30 July 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120923173238/http://www.defence.lk/new.asp?fname=20070901_01. 23 September 2012. dmy-all.
28. Web site: Sri Lanka Goes After LTTE assets in Eritrea « The Eight Man Team . Lrrp.wordpress.com . 2009-09-14. 31 January 2013.
29. Book: The History of the JVP 1965–1994. 2009. Niyamuva Publishers. 978-955-8696-39-2.
30. Web site: TheSundayNews: Protesters shot dead at Indo-Lanka opposition. 2020-12-13. 2020-10-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20201009131846/http://www.thesundayleader.lk/archive/20040328/spotlight-more.htm. dead.
31. Our times great Fidel, අපේ කාලයේ ආදර්ශය ෆිදෙල්. Niyamuva Publications. p. 1.
32. Gunaratna, (1993) p. 133
33. Book: Sri Lanka: The Years Terror. 141.
34. Gunaratna, Rohan (1990), p. 22
35. Book: Indian Intervention in Sri Lanka: Role of Indian Agencies. 23.
36. Book: Cole, Ronald H. . Operation Just Cause: The Planning and Execution of Joint Operations in Panama, February 1988 – January 1990 . Joint History Office, Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . 1995 . 6.
37. Book: The Yemeni War of 1994: Causes and Consequences. Jamal S. al-Suwaidi. Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. 1995. 0-86356-300-7.
38. Web site: Backgrounder: Yemen's Civil War, the Houthis, and the Saudi Intervention - Council on Foreign Relations . 2016-03-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150509030311/http://www.cfr.org/yemen/yemen-crisis/p36488 . 2015-05-09 . dead .
39. Book: Said, Behnam T. . Geschichte al-Qaidas. Bin Laden, der 11. September und die tausend Fronten des Terrors heute . History of al-Qaeda. Bin Laden, 11 September, and the thousand fronts of terror today . 2018 . . Munich . German . 978-3-406-72585-2. 106 .
40. http://yemenembassy.org/issues/ymusrelshp/index.htm Embassy of Yemen – Yemeni-American relations
41. News: Japan Says a Mystery Boat Fired Rockets at Its Ships. The New York Times. 25 December 2001. 13 June 2018.
42. News: Is Libya's Gaddafi Turning to Foreign Mercenaries?. https://web.archive.org/web/20111130075253/http://af.reuters.com/article/drcNews/idAFLDE71N11N20110224. dead. 30 November 2011. Reuters Africa. 24 February 2011. 6 June 2011.
43. News: Mali fears as Tuaregs return from Libya. 16 October 2011. News24. Cape Town, South Africa. 5 November 2011. 13 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112851/https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Mali-fears-as-Tuaregs-return-from-Libya-20111016. dead.
44. News: Gadhafi Using Foreign Children As Mercenaries In Libya. NPR. 3 March 2011.
45. News: African Mercenaries in Libya Nervously Await Their Fate . 27 February 2011 . The Daily Telegraph . London . Meo. Nick.
46. News: Libya: Gaddafi and His Mali-Chad Tuareg Mercenaries . Afrik News. 24 March 2011. Stephanie. Plasse.
47. Web site: Sudan: Govt Deploys Troops to Borders With Libya. 18 July 2020.
48. Web site: North Korea and Libya: friendship through artillery | NK News. 5 January 2015. NK News – North Korea News.
49. Web site: Algeria May have Violated UN Resolution By Providing Weapons to Libya, US State Dept . 2011-07-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110729023137/http://www.moroccoboard.com/news/5363-algeria-possible-violation-un-resolution-for-providing-weapons-to-libyas-gaddafi- . 2011-07-29 . dead .
50. Web site: Cuba Pulls Diplomats Out of Libya. Circles. Robinson. 4 September 2011.
51. News: Venezuela's Chavez gives lukewarm backing to Gaddafi. Reuters. 26 February 2011. www.reuters.com.
52. Web site: China Sought to Sell Arms to Gaddafi, Documents Suggest. Anne. Barnard. 5 September 2011. www.cnbc.com.
53. Web site: Russia and China Team Up Against NATO Libya Campaign. Kenneth. Rapoza. Forbes.
54. News: Jordanian Fighters Protecting Aid Mission. The Jordan Times. 6 April 2011. 6 April 2011.
55. News: UAE Updates Support to UN Resolution 1973. Emirates News Agency. 25 March 2011. 26 March 2011.
56. 10.1111/mepo.12310. Why Was Muammar Qadhafi Really Removed?. 2017. Davidson. Christopher M.. Middle East Policy. 24. 4. 91–116. free.
57. News: Gaddafi's sons tried to get Saudi cleric help: TV. Reuters. 28 February 2011.
58. https://m.point.md/ru/novosti/politika/moldova-prodala-oruzhie-livijskim-terroristam Молдова продала оружие ливийским террористам
59. http://nashagazeta.ch/news/12112 Швейцарское оружие оказалось в руках ливийских повстанцев
60. News: UPDATE 1-Anger, chaos but no revolt after Libya violence. https://web.archive.org/web/20120430035735/http://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFL5E8CO2HB20120124. dead. 30 April 2012. 24 January 2012. 24 January 2012. Reuters Africa. Bani Walid. Oliver. Holmes.
61. Web site: The rise of the 'Madkhalists': Inside Libya's struggle for religious supremacy. Middle East Eye. 18 July 2020.
62. News: Yemen's Military: From the Tribal Army to the Warlords . Eleonora Ardemagni . . 19 March 2018 . 29 May 2018.
63. News: Death of a leader: Where next for Yemen's GPC after murder of Saleh? . . 23 January 2018 . 31 May 2018.
64. Web site: My enemy's enemy is my ally: How al-Qaeda fighters are backed by Yemen's government. 2017-11-13. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171113113031/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/my-enemy-s-enemy-is-my-ally-how-al-qaeda-fighters-are-backed-yemen-government-houthi-saudi-popular-resistance-1047546687. 13 November 2017. dmy-all.
65. Web site: Google Translate. translate.google.com.
66. News: Brothers no more: Yemen's Islah party faces collapse of Aden alliances . . 21 October 2017 . 5 June 2018.
67. News: Hadi counts on Saleh kin to revive elite forces . . 23 March 2018 . 29 May 2018.
68. News: Military reshuffle in Yemen aimed at tackling Saleh family . The Arab Weekly . 25 February 2018 . 31 May 2018.
69. Web site: Exiled son of Yemen's Saleh takes up anti-Houthi cause. 4 December 2017. 6 December 2017. Reuters.
70. Web site: Believed dead, ex-president's nephew shows up in Yemen. 7 November 2018.
71. News: Republican Guard Chooses to Liberate Yemen from Houthis . Asharq Al-Awsat . 12 December 2017 . 29 May 2018.
72. News: The New York Times. Saudi Arabia Begins Air Assault in Yemen. . 25 March 2015. 25 March 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150326000753/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/world/middleeast/al-anad-air-base-houthis-yemen.html. 26 March 2015. dmy-all . Mazzetti . Mark . Kirkpatrick . David D. .
    Web site: Saudi Arabia Launches Military Operations in Yemen. Felicia Schwartz, Hakim Almasmari and Asa Fitch. 26 March 2015. The Wall Street Journal. 6 December 2018. 24 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200224163604/https://www.wsj.com/articles/yemens-houthi-militants-take-al-anad-air-base-1427275251?mod=e2tw. dead.
73. News: Senegal to send 2,100 troops to join Saudi-led alliance. Reuters. 4 May 2015. 4 May 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003911/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/04/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504. 5 May 2015. dmy-all.
74. News: Yemen conflict: Saudi-led strike 'hits wrong troops'. BBC News. 17 October 2015. 18 October 2015. Hundreds of Sudanese troops reportedly arrived in the southern port city of Aden on Saturday, the first batch of an expected 10,000 reinforcements for the Saudi-led coalition.. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20151018095840/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-34563528. 18 October 2015. dmy-all.
75. http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/morocco-sends-ground-troops-to-fight-in-yemen-1.1631786 "Morocco sends ground troops to fight in Yemen"
76. Web site: Mercenaries in Yemen—the U.S. Connection. Laura. Carlsen. HuffPost. 3 December 2015.
77. Web site: Almost 100 Sudanese mercenaries killed by Yemen defence – Yemen Resistance Watch. yemen-rw.org. 2018-12-06. 2018-12-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20181206131331/https://yemen-rw.org/almost-100-sudanese-mercenaries-killed-by-yemen-defence/. dead.
78. Web site: UAE Outsourcing Yemen Aggression from Ugandan Mercenaries: Report. 16 April 2018. 6 December 2018. 14 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190614194357/http://alwaght.com/en/News/129347/UAE-Outsourcing-Yemen-Aggression-from-Ugandan-Mercenaries-Report. dead.
79. News: The UAE In Yemen: With a lot of help from its mercs. David. Isenberg. Al Araby. 20 June 2018.
80. News: US special forces 'helping' Saudis battle Houthi rebels . Al-Jazeera . 4 May 2018.
81. "US special forces secretly deployed to assist Saudi Arabia in Yemen conflict". The Independent. 3 May 2018.
82. News: French troops fighting Houthis in Yemen alongside UAE forces, Le Figaro claims. Daily Sabah. 16 June 2018. 17 June 2018.
83. News: French Elite Forces, Saudi-led Coalition Cooperate to Fight Houthi in Yemen. Albawaba. 17 June 2018. 17 June 2018.
84. News: French special forces on the ground in Yemen: Le Figaro. Reuters. 16 June 2018. 17 June 2018.
85. News: Report: Saudi-UAE coalition 'cut deals' with al-Qaeda in Yemen . Al-Jazeera . 6 August 2018.
86. News: US allies, Al Qaeda battle rebels in Yemen . Fox News . 7 August 2018.
87. News: Allies cut deals with al Qaeda in Yemen to serve larger fight with Iran . San Francisco Chronicle . 6 August 2018.
88. Web site: What is going on in southern Yemen?. 29 January 2018. Al Jazeera. 29 January 2018.
89. News: A killer or a hero? Nephew of former Yemeni president divides Taiz . . 16 April 2018 . 31 May 2018.
90. News: Is Tareq Saleh making a comeback to battle Yemen's Houthis with UAE-funded militias? . The New Arab . 19 April 2018 . 31 May 2018.
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