List of wars and battles involving al-Qaeda explained

The following is a list of conflicts involving the militant group known as al-Qaeda throughout its various incarnations. The group currently controls portions of territory in Syria, Somalia and Yemen and has taken part in many battles and wars.

Wars

Ongoing

Not Ongoing

Battles

Battle Allies Opponents Outcome
Battle of Kabul (1992–96)
(April 30, 1992 – September 27, 1996)
Al-Qaeda
Taliban
Islamic State of Afghanistan

Hezb-i Islami

Partial Victory
Battle of Mogadishu (1993)
(3–4 October 1993)
Al-Qaeda
(Only strategist help by supreme strategist of Al-Qaeda Saif al-Adel)
Somali National Alliance (SNA)
Victory
Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif (1997–98)
(25 May 25, 1997 – 14 August 1998)
Al-Qaeda
Taliban
Junbishi Forces
Forces loyal to Ismail Khan
Victory
Siege of Kunduz
(11 November 2001 – 23 November 2001)
Defeat
Battle of Kandahar (2001)
(7 October 2001)
Partial Defeat
Fall of Kandahar
(22 November – 7 December 2001)
Defeat
Battle of Qala-i-Jangi
(25 November 2001 – 1 December 2001)
Defeat
Battle of Tora Bora
(December 6, 2001 – December 17, 2001)
Partial Defeat
Operation Anaconda
(March 1–18, 2002)
Defeat
Battle of Takur Ghar
(4–5 March 2002)
Defeat
Operation Harpoon (2002)
(March 13–19, 2002)
Defeat
Operation Jacana
(April, 2002–July, 2002)
Defeat
Battle of Wana
(March 16–23, 2004)
Defeat
First Battle of Fallujah
(4 April – 1 May 2004)
al-Qaeda

Ba'athists
Other Sunni insurgents

United States
Poland (GROM)
Blackwater
Victory
2004 Iraq KBR convoy ambush
(April 9, 2004)
al-Qaeda

Badr Organization
Mahdi Army

United StatesVictory
Houthi insurgency in Yemen
(18 June 2004 – 6 February 2015)
al-Qaeda Houthis
Yemen
Victory
Battle of Samarra (2004)
(October 1–3, 2004)
al-Qaeda United States
Iraq
Defeat
Second Battle of Fallujah
(7 November – 23 December 2004)
al-Qaeda

Islamic Army of Iraq
Ansar al-Sunna
1920 Revolution Brigade
Army of Mohammed
Army of the Mujahedeen
Secret Islamic Army of Iraq
Other insurgents

United States
Iraq
United Kingdom
Defeat
Battle of Mosul (2004)
(November 8–16, 2004)
al-Qaeda


Ansar ul-Islam

United States
Iraq
Defeat
Battle of Abu Ghraib
(2 April 2005)
al-Qaeda United StatesDefeat
Battle of Al Qaim
(8 May 2005 – 19 May 2005)
al-Qaeda United StatesDefeat
Operation Sayeed
(July 2005–22 December 2005)
al-Qaeda

Ba'ath Party Loyalists

United States
Iraq
Defeat
Operation Steel Curtain
(5–22 November 2005)
al-Qaeda United States
Iraq
Defeat
Operation Swarmer
(16 March 2006 – 22 March 2006)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi insurgents

United States
Iraq
Indecisive
Operation Scorpion
(24 March 2006 – 25 March 2006)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi insurgents

United States
Iraq
Indecisive
Operation Larchwood 4
(16 April 2006)
al-Qaeda United Kingdom
United States
Iraq
Defeat
Operation Mountain Thrust
(15 May 2006 – 31 July 2006)
Partial Defeat
Operation Together Forward
(14 June 2006 – 24 October 2006)
al-Qaeda

al-Mahdi Army

United States
Iraq
Victory
Battle of Ramadi (2006)
(17 June 2006 – 15 November 2006)
al-Qaeda United States
Iraq
Indecisive
Islamic Army–al-Qaeda conflict
(Summer 2006 – 6 June 2007)
al-Qaeda Islamic Army of Iraq
1920 Revolution Brigade
Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna
Hamas of Iraq
Indecisive
Operation Mountain Fury
(16 September 2006 – 15 January 2007)
al-Qaeda
Taliban
Afghan National Army
Canada
United States
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Italy
Estonia
Defeat
2006 Ramadan Offensive
(23 September 2006 – 22 October 2006)
al-Qaeda United StatesVictory
Battle of Turki
(15 November 2006 - 16 November 2006)
al-Qaeda United StatesDefeat
Diyala campaign
(25 December 2006 – 1 October 2007)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi Insurgents

United States
New Iraqi Army
Peshmerga
Defeat
Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara
al-Qaeda
Mauritania
Tunisia
Burkina Faso



Nigeria
United States
Canada
Ongoing
Operation Murfreesboro
(18 February 2007 – 2 March 2007)
al-Qaeda United States
Iraq
Defeat
Operation Shurta Nasir
(15 February 2007)
al-Qaeda United States
New Iraqi Army
Defeat
Battle of Ras Kamboni
(5 January 2007 – 12 January 2007)
Islamic Courts Union
Pro-Islamist militias
Foreign fighters
al-Qaeda
Transitional Federal Government (TFG)
Ethiopia
United States
Defeat
Battle of Baqubah
(10 March – 19 August 2007)
al-Qaeda United States
New Iraqi Army
Defeat
Operation Alljah
(16 June 2007 – 14 August 2007)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi Insurgents

United States
New Iraqi Army
Defeat
Operation Phantom Thunder
(16 June 2007 – 14 August 2007)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi Insurgents

United States
Iraqi Army
Revolution Brigade
Peshmerga
Defeat
Operation Commando Eagle
(21 June 2007 – 14 August 2007)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi Insurgents

United States
New Iraqi Army
Defeat
Operation Bull Run
(24 June 2007 – 26 June 2007)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi Insurgents

United States
New Iraqi Army
Defeat
Battle of Donkey Island
(30 June 2007 – 1 July 2007)
al-Qaeda United StatesDefeat
Operation Phantom Strike
(15 August 2007 – January 2008)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi Insurgents

United StatesDefeat
Operation Phantom Phoenix
(8 January 2008, – 28 July 2008)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi Insurgents

United States
Iraq
Georgia
United Kingdom
Partial Defeat
Ninawa campaign
(23 January 2008 – 28 July 2008)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi Insurgents

United States
Iraq
Indecisive
2008 al-Qaeda offensive in Iraq
(15 April 2008 - 19 May 2008)
al-Qaeda United States
Iraq
Indecisive
Operation Sirat-e-Mustaqeem
(28 June 2008 - 9 July 2008)
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
Al Qaeda
Lashkar-e-Islam
State of PakistanDefeat
Battle of Mogadishu (2009)
(7 May 2009 – 1 October 2009)
Al-Shabaab
Hizbul Islam
Foreign Mujahideen
Al-Qaeda
Somalia

ARS-D-TFG coalition
AMISOM

Partial victory
Operation Augurs of Prosperity
(29 July 2008 – 11 August 2008)
al-Qaeda

Other Iraqi Insurgents

United States
Iraq
Defeat
Battle of Wanat
(July 13, 2008)
al-Qaeda
Taliban
United States
State of Pakistan
Defeat
Operation Rah-e-Nijat
(19 June 2009 – 12 December 2009)
Tehrik-i-Taliban
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
Jama'at al-Jihad al-Islami (IMU splinter faction)
Al Qaeda
Foreign Mujahideen
State of PakistanDefeat
Battle of Bajaur
(7 August 2008 – 28 February 2009)
al-Qaeda
TTP
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
State of PakistanDefeat
Counterinsurgency in Northern Afghanistan
(April 2009 – December 2014)
al-Qaeda
Taliban
United States

Germany
Afghanistan
Belgium
Sweden
Defeat
Second Battle of Swat
(16 May 2009 – 15 July 2009)
al-Qaeda
TTP
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
Lashkar-e-Islam
State of PakistanDefeat
Operation Blow to the Head
(13 January 2010 – 12 February 2010)
al-Qaeda Yemen
Houthis
Indecisive
Operation Moshtarak
(13 February 2010 – 7 December 2010)
al-Qaeda
Taliban
United States
United Kingdom
France
Canada Afghanistan
Defeat
Battle of Mogadishu (2010–11)
(23 August 2010 – 6 August 2011)
Harakat al-Shabaab Mujahideen
Hizbul Islam*
Foreign mujahideen
al-Qaeda

ARS-D-TFG coalition

AMISOM

Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a[2] limited involvement

Defeat
Battle of Gedo al-Qaeda Federal Government of Somalia Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a
Ethiopia
Kenya Defence Forces
Ongoing
Operation Neptune Spear
(2 May 2011)
al-Qaeda United StatesDefeat
Siege of Homs
(6 May 2011 – 9 May 2014)
al-Qaeda Syria
Hezbollah[3]
SSNP[4]
Defeat
PNS Mehran attack
(22 May 2011 – 23 May 2011)
TTP
Al-Qaeda
Defeat
Battle of Zinjibar
(27 May 2011 – 10 September 2011)
al-Qaeda Victory
Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011–March 2012)
(8 September 2011 – 27 March 2012)
al-Qaeda SyriaPartial victory
Siege of Dammaj
(15 October 2011 – 22 December 2011)
al-Qaeda HouthisDefeat
Battle of Aguelhok
(17 January 2012 – 25 January 2012)
al-Qaeda National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
Mali
Victory
Battle of Tessalit
(18 January 2012 – 11 March 2012)
al-Qaeda Victory
Battle of Dofas
(4 March 2012 – 5 March 2012)
al-Qaeda Victory
Battle of Yurkud (2012)
(10 March 2012)
al-Qaeda Defeat
2012 Abyan offensive
(12 May 2012 – 15 June 2012)
al-Qaeda Defeat
Battles of Gao and Timbuktu
(26 June 2012 – 27 June 2012)
al-Qaeda Azawad Victory
Siege of Nubl and Al-Zahraa
(19 July 2012 – 3 February 2016)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah

Defeat
Lebanese–Syrian border clashes
al-Qaeda Hezbollah
Lebanon
Ongoing
Rojava conflict
al-Qaeda --Commented out:-->Al-Tawhid Brigade Rojava[8] ---->Kurdish National Council --Commented out:-->Syriac Military Council (MFS) Ongoing
Siege of Menagh Air Base
(2 August 2012 – 6 August 2013)
al-Qaeda SyriaVictory
Siege of Abu al-Duhur Airbase
(23 September 2012 – 9 September 2015)
al-Qaeda

Free Syrian Army
(until late 2014)

SyriaVictory
Battle of Kismayo (2012)
(28 September 2012 – 1 October 2012)
al-Qaeda AMISOM

Raskamboni movement

Defeat
Battle of Maarat al-Numan (2012)
(8 October 2012 – 13 October 2012)
al-Qaeda


Free Syrian Army

SyriaVictory
Battle of Ras al-Ayn
(8 November 2012 – 17 July 2013)
al-Qaeda


Free Syrian Army
Ghuraba al-Sham

Syria
Rojava
Defeat
Battle of Menaka
(16 November 2012 – 20 November 2012)
al-Qaeda
  • MNLA
  • Tuareg volunteers
Victory
Battle of Darayya (November 2012–March 2013)
(15 November 2012 – 14 February 2013)
al-Qaeda

Ahrar al-Sham
Free Syrian Army

SyriaVictory
Battle of Konna
(10–18 January 2013)
al-Qaeda Mali
Defeat
Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt
(11 January 2013)
al-Qaeda Victory
Battle of Diabaly
(14–21 January 2013)
al-Qaeda Mali
Partial Defeat
Battle of Safira
(6 February 2013 – 19 February 2013)
al-Qaeda SyriaVictory
Battle of Safira
(6 February 2013 – 19 February 2013)
al-Qaeda Syrian government

PFLP – GC
Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas

Partial Victory
Battle of Ifoghas
(22 February 2013)
al-Qaeda Chad
Defeat
Battle of Shadadeh
(12–14 February 2013)
al-Qaeda SyriaVictory
Akashat ambush
(4 March 2013)
al-Qaeda Syria
Iraq
Victory
2013 Daraa offensive
(3 March – 10 April 2013)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab RepublicPartial Victory
Battle of Raqqa
(3 March 2013 – 6 March 2013)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic Victory
Battle of Tigharghar
(12 March 2013)
al-Qaeda ChadDefeat
Second Battle of Timbuktu
(20 March 2013 - 1 April 2013)
al-Qaeda Mali
France
Defeat
Battle of Radda
(29 March 2013 - 27 April 2013)
al-Qaeda Yemen Indecisive
Al-Qusayr offensive (2013)
(4 April 2013 – 8 June 2013)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah
Supported by:

Defeat
2013 Hawija clashes
(23 April 2013 – 26 April 2013)
al-Qaeda Iraqi Government

Peshmerga
Sahwa militia

Victory
Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)
(19 May 2013 – 5 June 2013)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah
Far-right volunteers (Black Lily)
Supported by:

Defeat
Operation al-Shabah
(20 May 2013 – 14 July 2013)
al-Qaeda Iraqi GovernmentIndecisive
2013 Sidon clash
(23–25 June 2013)
al-Qaeda Lebanese Army
Hezbollah
Defeat
Syrian Kurdish–Islamist conflict (2013–present)
al-Qaeda

---- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Rojava[19]

Free Syrian Army (since September 2014)
Kurdistan Workers' Party[21]
Iraqi Kurdistan[22]
Syriac Union Party

Arab tribesmen

Ongoing
2013 Latakia offensive
(4–19 August 2013)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic
Syrian Resistance
Defeat
Battle of Ma'loula
(4 September 2013 – 15 September 2013)
al-Qaeda

Ahrar al-Sham
Qalamoun Liberation front

Syrian Arab Republic:

Hezbollah

Defeat
Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)
(10 September 2013 – 28 November 2013)
al-Qaeda

Ahrar al-Sham
Syrian Islamic Liberation Front
Syrian Islamic Front

Syrian Arab Republic:

Hezbollah[27]
Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas[28]
Arab Nationalist Guard[29]

Defeat
Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)
(1 October 2013 – 1 December 2013)
al-Qaeda

Ahrar al-Sham
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki

Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah

Defeat
Battle of Sadad
(21 October 2013 – 28 October 2013)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic: Defeat
Battle of Qalamoun (2013)
(15 November 2013 – 26 April 2014)
al-Qaeda


Free Syrian Army
Islamic Front
Green Battalion

Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah
Arab Nationalist Guard
Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas(Iraqi militia)

Defeat
Battle of Murak
(1 February – 23 October 2014)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab RepublicDefeat
Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)
(3 February 2014 – 27 May 2014)
al-Qaeda

Islamic Front
Ahrar al-Sham

Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah
Arab Nationalist Guard

Indecisive
Al-Otaiba ambush
(26 February 2014)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic
Hezbollah
Defeat
2014 Idlib offensive
(5 March 2014 – 25 May 2014)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic
Syrian Resistance
Victory
Battle of Hosn
(20 March 2014)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic
Hezbollah
Defeat
2014 Latakia offensive
(21 March 2014 – 15 June 2014)
al-Qaeda

Islamic Front

Supported by:

Syrian Arab Republic

Syrian Resistance
Ba'ath Brigades
Hezbollah

Defeat
Battle of Markada
(21–31 March 2014)
al-Qaeda Defeat
Battle of Al-Malihah
(4 April 2014 – 14 December 2014)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah

Defeat
Second siege of Wadi Deif
(4 April 2014 – 14 December 2014)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic Victory
Battle of Dayet in Maharat
(16 2014 –17 April 2014)
al-Qaeda Defeat
Operation Zarb-e-Azb
(15 June 2014 – 3 April 2016)
al-Qaeda
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan

Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
Turkistan Islamic Party
Haqqani network
Islamic Republic of Pakistan

----[44]

Defeat
Operation Inherent Resolve
al-Qaeda


Ahrar al-Sham----

Ongoing
2014 Hama offensive
(26 July 2014 – 19 September 2014)
al-Qaeda Syria Defeat
2014 Israel–Gaza conflict
(8 July 2014 – 26 August 2014)
al-Qaeda

Gazan militant groups

-- Per WP:INFOBOXFLAG, avoid flag icons in infoboxes --> DFLP[48]

Armament support:

IsraelIndecisive
Battle of Arsal (2014)
(2 August 2014 – 7 August 2014)
al-Qaeda Syria


Lebanon

Defeat
Operation Indian Ocean
(16 August 2014 – 2015)
al-Qaeda Federal Government of Somalia

AMISOM
United States
Supported by:
EUTM Somalia

Defeat
2014 Quneitra offensive
(27 August 2014 – 23 September 2014)
al-Qaeda

---- UNDOF

Syria Victory
American-led intervention in Syria
al-Qaeda


Ahrar al-Sham

Ongoing
Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict
(26 October 2014 – 1 March 2015)
al-Qaeda Free Syrian Army Victory
2014 Idlib city raid
(27 October 2014)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic
National Defense Force
Defeat
Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
(1 November 2014 – 15 December 2014)
al-Qaeda Syrian Armed Forces

Hezbollah
Iraqi Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada[52] [53]
Supported by:

Victory
2014 hostage rescue operations in Yemen
(26 November 2014 and 6 December 2014)
al-Qaeda Yemen
Indecisive
Daraa offensive (January 2015)
(24 January 2015 – 31 January 2015)
al-Qaeda Syrian Armed Forces

Hezbollah
Iraqi Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada
Supported by:

Victory
Battle of Bosra (2015)
(21 March 2015 – 24 March 2015)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah[55]
Iranian IRGC
Imam al-Hussein Brigade[56]

Victory
Second Battle of Idlib
(24 March 2015 – 28 March 2015)
al-Qaeda Syria
Hezbollah
Victory
2015 Idlib offensive
(24 March 2015 – 5 April 2015)
al-Qaeda Syria
Hezbollah
Partial Victory
Siege of Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya (2015)
al-Qaeda Syria
Hezbollah
Ongoing
Abyan campaign (March–August 2015)
(26 March 2015 – 11 August 2015)
al-Qaeda

---- Yemen Army

Houthi fightersPartial Defeat
Shabwah campaign (March–August 2015)
(29 March 2015 – 15 April 2015)
al-Qaeda Houthi fighters---- Yemen Army Defeat
Battle of Nasib Border Crossing
(1 April 2015)
al-Qaeda Syrian Arab RepublicVictory
Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)
(1 April 2015 – 20 April 2015)
al-Qaeda Syrian Armed Forces
Palestine Liberation Army
PFLP-GC
Fatah al-Intifada[57]
Partial Victory
Battle of Mukalla
(2 April 2015 – 16 April 2015)
al-Qaeda

---- Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance

Yemen Army Victory
Battle of Taiz (2015-2016)
(15 April 2015 – 17 April 2016)
al-Qaeda

---- Hadi government

Foreign intervention

Houthi government Stalemate
Battle of Leego (2015)
(26 June 2015)
al-Qaeda AMISOM
  • Burundian Contingents
Strategical Victory
Aleppo offensive (July 2015)
(2–7 July 2015)
al-Qaeda

Fatah Halab[58]

Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah

Partial Victory
Battle of Zabadani (2015)
(3 July – 24 September 2015)
al-Qaeda

Islamic Front

Free Syrian Army

  • Al-Zabadani Hawks Brigade
Syrian Arab Republic

Palestine Liberation Army
Hezbollah

Ceasefire
Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)
(28 July – 28 August 2015)
al-Qaeda

Army of Conquest

SRCC

Jabhat Ansar al-Din[64] [65] [66]
Katibat Tawhid wa Jihad (Uzbeks)[67] [68] [69] Supported by:


Qatar

Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah
Syrian Social Nationalist Party
Syrian Resistance[70]
Liwa Fatemiyoun

Victory
Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
(30 September 2015 – present
)
al-Qaeda

Army of Conquest:[71]

Supported by:
[74]
[75] [76]
Qatar[77]
Free Syrian Army[78]

Levant Front[81]
Islamic Front
Supported by:
[82]
[83]
[84] [85] [86] ----

Aerial combat
Russian Federation
Syrian Arab Republic
----Ground forces
OSM (Russian security contractors)[87]
Syrian Arab Republic

Supported by:
Iraq[88]
Syrian Democratic Forces[89] [90] [91] [92] Supported by:
Ongoing
Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)
(7 October – 10 November 2015)
al-Qaeda

SRCC

Free Syrian Army

Islamic Front

Jabhat Ansar al-Din
Supported by:


Qatar

Syrian Arab Republic

Syrian Social Nationalist Party[93]
Syrian Resistance
Liwa Fatemiyoun
Hezbollah[94]

----Air strikes


Russian Federation

Indecisive
Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)
(16 October – 21 December 2015)
al-Qaeda

SRCC

Sultan Murad Brigade
Alwiya al-Furqan
----Support


Qatar

---- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Syrian Arab Republic

Hezbollah
Liwa Al-Quds[103]
----Air strikes


Russian Federation

Defeat
2015 Latakia offensive
(15 October 2015 – 12 March 2016)
al-Qaeda

Free Syrian Army

Islamic Front

----Support

(border shelling)

(Armament for FSA)

Syrian Arab Republic

Syrian Social Nationalist Party
Hezbollah
----Air strikes


Russian Federation

Defeat
2015 Hama offensive
(28 November – 15 December 2015)
al-Qaeda

Army of Conquest

Free Syrian Army

  • Liwaa Suqour Al-Ghaab
Syrian Arab Republic

----Air strikes


Russian Federation

Defeat
Fall of Zinjibar and Jaar
(2–3 December 2015)
al-Qaeda Hadi government Victory
Southern Abyan Offensive (2016)
(20 February 2016)
al-Qaeda Hadi government Victory

See also

Notes and References

  1. Urban, Mark, Task Force Black: The Explosive True Story of the Secret Special Forces War in Iraq , St. Martin's Griffin, 2012,p.178
  2. Web site: À Mogadiscio, l'Union africaine contient l'offensive shebab mais reste menacée – Le Point . Le Point . 21 September 2010 . 19 April 2012.
  3. Web site: Iran's Hizbullah sends more troops to help Assad storm Aleppo, fight Sunnis . 29 July 2012 . World Tribune . 2 August 2012.
  4. Web site: The SSNP 'Hurricane' in the Syrian Conflict: Syria and South Lebanon Are the Same Battlefield. Al Akhbar English. 25 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20171019080440/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/18502. 19 October 2017. dead.
  5. News: Syria rebels, Kurdish militia discuss cease-fire. 29 October 2012. CNN. 29 October 2012.
  6. Web site: YPG and FSA launch joint military operations against Islamic State in northern Syria. ARA News. 13 September 2014. 14 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140913032746/http://aranews.net/2014/09/ypg-fsa-launch-joint-military-operations-islamic-state-northern-syria/. 13 September 2014. dead.
  7. Web site: A new dialogue and collaboration in northern Syria between kurds and rebels . The Arab Chronicle . 5 March 2014 . 22 May 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141012110623/http://the-arab-chronicle.com/dialogue-collaboration-syria-kurds-rebels/ . 12 October 2014.
  8. Web site: PYD Announces Surprise Interim Government in Syria's Kurdish Reg. Rudaw. 24 October 2014.
  9. Web site: Al-Qaeda suffered heavy losses against the Kurdish forces. 24 October 2014.
  10. Web site: Internationalist Freedom Brigade Established in Rojava. 11 June 2015. Kurdish Question. 13 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150719133709/http://kurdishquestion.com/index.php/kurdistan/west-kurdistan/internationalist-freedom-brigade-established-in-rojava.html. 19 July 2015. dead.
  11. Web site: OSINT Summary: Pro-Kurdish foreign fighters group established in Syria. Moore. Harriet. 11 June 2015. Jane's Terrorism and Security Monitor. 13 June 2015.
  12. van Wilgenburg. Wladimir. 13 December 2013. Kurdish Strategy Towards Ethnically-Mixed Areas in the Syrian Conflict. Terrorism Monitor. Jamestown Foundation. 11. 23. 14 January 2014.
  13. Web site: 'Terrorists have no passports,' French PM says of Syria air strikes. 12 October 2015.
  14. Web site: The Tribal Factor in Syria's Rebellion. Fair Observer. 14 July 2013. 24 October 2014.
  15. News: ANALYSIS The Kurds and the Syrian Revolution. 2 September 2012. Heinrich Böll Stiftung Middle East. https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080109/http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-800.html. 7 April 2014. dead.
  16. News: Rebels fighting against al-Assad rule fragmented, disorganized in Syria . Yezdani . İpek . . 2 September 2012 . 22 September 2012.
  17. Web site: Syria: National Defense Forces at Forefront of Qusayr Fighting. 25 October 2014.
  18. Web site: The Counter-Insurgency Role of Syria's "Popular Committees". Fair Observer. 10 May 2013. 16 May 2013.
  19. Web site: PYD Announces Surprise Interim Government in Syria's Kurdish Regions. 21 September 2014.
  20. Web site: Al-Qaïda subit de lourdes pertes face aux forces kurdes. 21 September 2014.
  21. Web site: Meet the PKK 'Terrorists' Battling the Islamic State on the Frontlines of Iraq. Vice News. 22 August 2014. 26 September 2014.
  22. Web site: Peshmerga fighters 'heavily shelling' IS jihadists in Kobane. 4 November 2014. Yahoo News.
  23. Web site: Qandil Post report from Tal Hamis frontline. YouTube. 21 September 2014.
  24. News: Bürgerkrieg : Die Christen in Syrien ziehen in die Schlacht - Nachrichten Politik . Die Welt. 23 October 2013. 10 December 2013.
  25. Web site: The Battle for Syria's Al-Hasakah Province . Haras. Nicholas A.. 24 October 2013. Combating Terrorism Center. 14 January 2014.
  26. Web site: Kurds deny ethnically cleansing Arabs. 3 June 2015. mmedia.me. 2 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20170630130233/https://mobile.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/565377-kurds-deny-ethnically-cleansing-arabs. 30 June 2017. dead.
  27. Web site: Syrie: l'armée et le Hezbollah reprennent une nouvelle localité près de Damas - L'Orient-Le Jour . Lorientlejour.com . 2013-10-16 . 2013-11-27.
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  29. http://www.france24.com/ar/20140122-فيديو-سوريا-دمشق-المعضمية-سيطرة-الجيش-النظام-شبعا-كتائب-الحرس-القومي/ فيديو: الجيش النظامي السوري يعزز سيطرته على دمشق ومحيطها
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