There are two primary categories of virtual reality (VR) headsets:
Other categories include mobile headsets, which combine a smartphone with a mount, and hybrid solutions like the Oculus Quest with the Oculus Link feature that allows the standalone device to also serve as a tethered headset.
In addition, VR headsets are categorized by the degrees of freedom they provide:
3 degrees of freedom, which only tracks the rotation of the player's head.
6 degrees of freedom, which tracks both the position and the rotation of the player.
Product | Release (Y-M-D) | Head tracking | Positional tracking | Display | Resolution (per eye) | Field of view [2] | Price | other | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virtuality 1000CS | 1991 | Yes | Yes | Dual LCD | 276x372 | discontinued | 6Dof Controller | ||
Forte VFX1 | 1995 | Pitch+roll: 70° Yaw | Dual 0.7" LCDs | 263x230 | diagonal 45° | ($599 at release) | |||
IIS VFX3D | 2000 | Pitch+roll: ±70° Yaw: 360° | Dual 0.7" LCDs | ≈380x337 | diagonal 35° | 6DoF dual controllers | |||
Fakespace Labs Wide5[3] | 2007 | ||||||||
NVIS nVisor SX[4] | |||||||||
NVIS nVisor SX111[5] | diagonal 90° | ||||||||
NVIS ST50[6] | |||||||||
Sensics xSight 6123[7] | |||||||||
Sensics piSight 76-21[8] [9] | |||||||||
Crescent HEWDD-768 [10] [11] | 2008 | ($80,000 at release) | |||||||
Crescent HEWDD-1080 [12] | ($103,660 at release) | ||||||||
Nintendo Virtual Boy | 1995-07-21 | Pitch+roll: 70° Yaw | Dual 0.7" LCDs | 384x224 | diagonal 45° | ($179.95 at release) | red monochromatic display | ||
VPL EyePhone | 1989-06-01 | 320×240 | ($250,000 at release) |
Name | Release Date (Y-M-D) | Positional tracking | Max. Resolution (per eye) | Resolution (per eye, region specific) | Aspect Ratio (per eye) | Audio | Connectivity | Weight | Price | Other | Processor | Platform | Tethered | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Razer OSVR HDK 1.4[13] | 2015-11-23[14] | OLED[15] | N/A | 960×1080 | 9.6 | 8:9 | 90 Hz | 100° | 1x HDMI, 1x USB 2.0 | 650 g[16] | ($299 at release)[17] | 6DoF headset only | ||||||||||||||
Oculus Rift CV1[18] | 2016-03-28 | Outside-in(Constellation) | OLED | 1080×1200[19] | 9.81 | 9:10 | 90 Hz | 94°[20] | Built-in headphones[21] | 1x HDMI 1.4+ 2x USB3.0 (+1x USB 3.0 for touch camera) | 470 g | ($599 at release with controllers and base stations)[22] [23] | 6DoF dual controllers | |||||||||||||
HTC Vive | 2016-04-05 | OLED | 1080×1200 | 9.81 | 9:10 | 90 Hz | 110° | 1 mm × 3.5 mm audio jack, optional headphones | 1x HDMI 1.4+ DisplayPort 1.2+ 2x 3.0 (one usable for accessories)[24] | 468 g (improved revision) 550 g (launch units)[25] | ($399 at release)[26] [27] | 6DoF dual controllers | ||||||||||||||
Razer OSVR HDK 2[28] | 2016-07-20(pre-orders)[29] | OLED[30] | 5.5" | 1080×1200 | 9.81 | 9:10 | 90 Hz | 110° | ($399 at release)[31] | 6Dof headset only | ||||||||||||||||
StarBreeze StarVR | 2016-08-01(IMAX)[32] [33] | Outside-in, external optical sensor with fiducial markers | LCD | Dual 5.5" | 2560x1440 | 12.19 | 16:9 | 90 Hz | 210° Horizontal 130° Vertical | 380 g[34] | 6DoF headset only | |||||||||||||||
PlayStation VR[35] | 2016-10-01 | Outside-in (using the PlayStation Camera) | OLED | 960×1080 | 9.6 | 8:9 | 120 Hz90 Hz[36] | 100° | 1 mm × 3.5 mm audio jack | 610 g (2016 model) 600 g (2017 model) | $299 (headset, camera, and a game)[37] Move controllers sold separately for $99[38] | PS4, PS5[39] | Motion controller input using PlayStation Move and PlayStation Aim | |||||||||||||
Fove 0[40] | 2017-01-22 (pre-orders)[41] | OLED | 5.7" | 1280x1440 | 14.22 (max) 11.63 (min) | 8:9 | 70 Hz | 110° (max) 90° (min) | 1 mm × 3.5 mm audio jack | HDMI 1.4 USB 3.0 USB 2.0 | 520 g | $600[42] | Eye-tracking | |||||||||||||
Pimax 4K[43] | 2017-01-01 | LCD | 1920×2160 | 17.45 | 8:9 | 60 Hz | 110º | 2 mm × 3.5 mm audio jack built-in headphones (removable) | 1x HDMI 1.4b[44] | 620 g | ($375 at release)[45] | 3DoF headset only | ||||||||||||||
VRgineers VRHero 5K[46] [47] |
120 Hz|110°|Headphone jack|||$549.99 | | | | | | | | |6DoF dual controllersAdaptive triggers
Haptic feedback
Finger touch detection
Eye tracking
Vibration on headset||| |-| Modal VR[118] | 2016 (Announced)||||||||||||||||||||| |||| |-|Samsung Gear VR|2015-11-01| |Super AMOLED**||1280x1440[119] **|||8:9||96º|||| ($99 at release)[120] |||||||| |||Oculus Mobile| |-|Avegant Glyph|2016||||1280×720[121] |||16:9|||||434 g||||||||| |||| |-|Pico VR Goblin[122] [123] |2016| |||1280x1440||14.22|8:9|70 Hz|90º|||| $269[124] |||||||| ||Snapdragon 820|Own platform| |-|Qualcomm Snapdragon VR820[125] |2016-09-01|Inside-out|||1440x1440|||1:1|70 Hz||||||||||||| ||Snapdragon 820|Google Daydream| |-|Alcatel Vision|2016-09-01||||1080x1020|||18:17|||||||||||||| |||Google Daydream| |-|Microsoft Hololens|2016-10-12|Inside-out|||||||||||579 g|$3000 (developers)$5000 (enterprise)|||||||| |AR.Gesture commands.|Intel 32-bit (1 GHz)|Windows MR|Optional|-|HELMET VISION|2016-11-02| |8" OLED||1920×1200||16|16:10||120° Horizontal||||$549|||||||| |Panoramic lens, 6DoF controller,
built-in headphones|Intel Atom x5-Z8300 Processor Quad core 1.44-1.84 GHz|Windows MR| |-|Pico Neo CV[126] [127] [128] |2017-01-01| |||1280×1080||14.70|1:1|90 Hz|102º|||362 g|$239 (Lite)$540 (Standard)|||||||| ||Snapdragon 820|Own platform| |-|Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 VRDK[129] |2017-02-01|Inside-out|||1440x1440|||1:1|70 Hz||||||||||||| ||Snapdragon 835|Google Daydream| |-|Woxter Neo VR100[130] |2017-8?| |||960×1080|||8:9|||||| ($180 at release)[131] |||||||| ||Octacore 2 GHz|Android / Google Play| |-|HTC Vive Focus[132] |2018-1 (initially only in China)|Inside-out|AMOLED[133] ||1440x1600||13.09|9:10|75 Hz|110º||||$599|||||||| |3DoF controller|Snapdragon 835|VivePort| |-|Oculus Go[134] |2018-05-01| |LCD||1280x1440||12.8|8:9|72 Hz60 Hz|100º (estimate)[135] [136] |||467 g| ($199 €219 (32 GB version) at release)|||||||| |3DoF controller
Built-in speakers|Snapdragon 821|Oculus Mobile| |-|Lenovo Mirage Solo[137] |2018-05-05|Inside-out|LCD||1280x1440||11.63|8:9|75 Hz|110º|||645 g|€399|||||||| |3DoF controller|Snapdragon 835|Google Daydream| |-|GFL Developer Kit[138] |2018-05-24|Inside-out markerless (Lighthouse)|OLED||1280x1440||11.63|16:9||110º[139] |||||||||||| ||Nvidia Jetson TX2|Google Daydream and SteamVR| |-|Google Daydream View[140] |2018-10-17| |Mobile Screen||Depends on device|||Depends on device|Depends on device|100º|||261 g| [141] |||||||| |3 DoF Controller||Google Daydream| |-|Pico G2 4K|2019-03-27| |LCD||1920x2160|||8:9|75 Hz|101º|||278 g (goggle only) 470 g (goggle+battery)|$300 (32 GB base version) $350 (128 GB S version)|||||||| |3DoF|Snapdragon 835|Pico Store + VivePort| |-|Oculus Quest[142] [143] |2019-05-21|Inside-out|OLED||1440x1600||14.4|9:10|72 Hz[144] |94º|||571 g| ($399 (64 GB version), $499 (128 GB version) at release)|||||||| |6DoF dual controllers tracked by HMD, Hand Tracking (Beta)|Snapdragon 835|Oculus Mobile|Optional|-|Oculus Quest 2[145] [146] |2020-10-13|Inside-out|LCD||1832x1920||20.58|N/A|120 Hz90 Hz72 Hz
60 Hz|89°|||503 g|$299 (64 GB)(Discontinued)
$399 (128 GB)
$499 (256 GB)|||||||| |6DoF dual controllers tracked by HMD, Hand Tracking (Beta)|Snapdragon XR2|Oculus Mobile|Optional|-|HTC Vive Focus 3|2021-06-27|Inside-out|LCD||2448x2448||20.4|1:1|90 Hz|120°|||785 g[147] |$1300|||||||| |6DoF controller, Removable and swappable battery|Snapdragon XR2|VIVE Reality System 2.0 (Android)| |-|Pico Neo 3 Pro[148] |2021-10-01|Inside-out|LCD||1832x1920|||N/A|90 Hz|98º|||395 g (without headstrap)|€599|||||||| |6DoF hand tracking dual controllers, 3K|Snapdragon XR2|Own platform| |-|HTC Vive Flow[149] |2022-03-01|Inside-out|LCD||1600x1600||N/A|N/A|75 Hz|100º|||189 g[150] |$499|||||||| |uses phone as controller|Snapdragon XR1|VIVE Reality System 2.0 (Android)|No|-|Lenovo ThinkReality VRX|2022-09-28 (announced)|Inside-out|||2280 x 2280||||70 Hz90 Hz|95º|||||||||||| |[151] ||| |-|PICO 4|2022-10-18|Inside-out|LCD||2160x2160||20.6|1:1|72 Hz90 Hz|105°|||586 g|€430 (128 GB)€500 (256 GB)|||||||| |6DoF dual controllers tracked by HMD|Snapdragon XR2|Own platform| |-|Meta Quest Pro[152] |2022-10-25|Inside-out|LCD||1800×1920||||72 Hz90 Hz|106º Horizontal96º Vertical[153] |||722 g|$999|||||||| |Eye tracking, Face tracking, Mouth tracking, Standalone compute unit, Self tracking controller|Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2+|Oculus Mobile|Optional|-|VIVE XR Elite|2023-2-25|Inside-out|LCD||1920 x 1920||17:5|N/A|90 Hz|110°||| (goggle only) (goggle+battery)|$1,099|||||||| ||Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2|Own platform| |-|Bigscreen Beyond[154] |2023-09-07[155] |Yes|OLED||2560 x 2560||32|1:1|75 Hz/90 Hz|102° Horizontal90° Vertical||1x DisplayPort 1.4
2x USB 3.0|127 g|$999|||||||||Valve Index Controllers (6DoF with finger tracking)|||||-|Meta Quest 3|2023-10-10|Inside-Out|LCD||2064 x 2208||25|N/A|90 Hz/120 Hz|110° Horizontal96° Vertical|||515 g|$499|||||||| ||Snapdragon XR2 Gen 2|Oculus Mobile|Optional|-|Varjo XR4|2023-11-27|Inside-Out|mini-LED|Dual|3840x3744 ||51|16:9|90 Hz|120°(Horizontal)105°(Vertical)|Built-in DTS 3D spatial audio with noise-canceling mics and integrated speakers|1 x DisplayPort 1.41 x 10 Gbps USB-C 3.1 Gen 2 or USB-C 3.2 Gen 2|665 g + headband 356 g|Superlative:3990 €/$Focal Edition:9,990 €/$|||||||||ART and OptiTrack,6DoF,Autofocus,Eye tracking,LiDAR||||-|Apple Vision Pro|2024-2-2|Inside-Out|OLED||3680x3140 (estimated based on 23 million pixels and 7:6 aspect ratio)[156] ||34[157] ||90 Hz/
96 Hz/
100 Hz|100° Horizontal|Surround sound speakers, 6 beamforming microphones|Wi‑Fi 6 (802.11ax), Bluetooth 5.3, Lightning connector|Around 453 g to 680 g|$3,499|||||||| |Hand tracking, Eyetracking, External display, LiDAR scanner, 3D camera|Apple M2 and R1|visionOS|Optional|-! Name ! Release Date
(Y-M-D)! Positional tracking! ! ! Max. Resolution (per eye) ! Resolution (per eye, region specific)! ! Aspect Ratio (per eye)! ! ! Audio! Connectivity! Weight ! Price! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Other! Processor! Platform! Tethered|}
Name | Positional tracking | Display | Resolution (per eye) | Aspect Ratio (per eye) | Refresh rate | Field of view | Audio | On-board processor | Weight | Price | Platform | Other | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HTC Daydream Standalone[159] [160] [161] | Inside-out | Snapdragon 835 | Google Daydream | |||||||||||
DecaGear 1 | Inside-out (4 cameras) | LCD | 2160x2160 | 18.95 | 1:1 | 90 Hz | 114º | In-strap speakers, dual microphones | Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 | $449 | SteamVR | Finger tracking Face/eye tracking, Adaptive triggers, Hip-navigation, Fingerprint sensor[162] |
The following tables compare general and technical information for a selection of popular retail head-mounted displays. See the individual display's articles for further information. Please note that the following table may be missing some information.
Device | Rift | Vive | OSVR | HELMET VISION |
---|---|---|---|---|
Display technology | OLED | OLED | OLED | OLED |
Resolution | 1080 × 1200 per eye | 1080 × 1200 per eye | 960 × 1080 per eye | 1920 × 1200 |
Display elements | 2[163] | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Optical design | Fresnel/Traditional (Hybrid) | Fresnel/Traditional (Hybrid) | Dual aspheric lens | Panoramic lens |
Total resolution | 2160×1200 | 2160×1200 | 1920×1080 | 1920×1200 |
Native display refresh rate | 90 Hz | 90 Hz | 60 Hz | 60 Hz |
Frame interpolation | Asynchronous Timewarp[164] | Automatic Interleaved Reprojection[165] | Asynchronous Timewarp | Automatic Interleaved |
Field of view | 80°h x 90°v [166] | 105°h x 105°v | 100° | 120° |
Audio technology | USB DAC with built-in headphones (no 3.5 mm jack) | USB DAC with 3.5 mm jack | USB DAC with 3.5 mm jack | Built-in headphones (Stereo sound) |
Device | Rift | Vive | OSVR | Rift S | Quest | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tracking technology | Camera-based with constellation | Scanning laser with photodiodes | Camera-based with constellation | Camera-Based, Insight Tracking | Camera-Based, Insight Tracking | |
Tracking device | IR camera | 2x "Lighthouse"[167] IR laser emitters | IR camera | 5 x Cameras | 4 x Cameras | |
Tracking device connectivity | USB 3.0 | Power Only (+ Wireless linkbetween emitters) | USB 2.0 | USB 3.0 Built In | Built In | |
Positional tracking area | TBD | 4.5m x 4.5m | TBD | ? | ? | |
Directional tracking | 6DOF | 6DOF | 6DOF(facing camera) | 6DOF Inside-Out | 6DOF Inside-Out |
Device | Rift | Vive | OSVR 1.4 | HELMET VISION | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Additional optional ports for accessories/expansion | 1 × USB 3.01 × 3.5 mm audio jack for headphones | 1 × USB 3.0 (external)2 × USB 2.0 (internal) | 3 × USB 3.0 | ||
Included input device(s) | Oculus Remote | 2 × SteamVR controllerswith 6DOF tracking | None | HELMET VISION Controller with 6DOF tracking | |
Optional input device (in addition to traditional PC input devices) | Oculus Touch controllers with 6DOF tracking (using included extra optical camera) available December 6, 2016, price $199[168] | Vive Trackers for tracking real world objects and also for body tracking | None | None | |
Safety features | Guardian system using play area boundary and constellation cameras | Chaperone system using play area boundary and front-facing camera | None Announced | None Announced | |
Additional features | Bluetooth connectivity (in Vive link Box[169]) forcommunication and calling. | None announced | Wifi & Bluetooth connectivity forcommunication |
SteamVR | [170] | [171] | , CryEngine V[172] | [173] | ||
Oculus PC (Rift and Rift S) | [174] | [175] | Oculus PC SDK | |||
Oculus Mobile | [176] | Oculus Mobile SDK | ||||
Windows Mixed Reality | , Unity 2017.2 and later[177] | , Unreal Engine 4 and later | , CryEngine | Unknown | ||
Open Source Virtual Reality | [178] | [179] | [180] | , via OpenHMD | OSVR SDK |