List of villages and towns depopulated of Jews during the Holocaust explained
See also: List of shtetls. Below is a partial list of selected villages and towns (shtetls) depopulated of Jews during the Holocaust. The liquidation actions were carried out mostly by the Nazi Einsatzgruppen and Order Police battalions as well as auxiliary police through mass killings. The German "pacification" units of the Einsatzkommando were paramilitary forces within the Schutzstaffel, under the high command of the Obergruppenführer. The Einsatzgruppen operated primarily in the years 1941–45.
The towns and villages are listed by country, as follows:
BelarusEstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuaniaPolandRomaniaRussiaSloveniaUkraine
Hungary
The following Jewish communities in Hungary were either partially or completely destroyed during the Holocaust.[1] [2]
Latvia
Jewish communities in the following Latvian cities, towns and villages were destroyed during the Holocaust:[3]
Lithuania
The following Jewish communities in Lithuania were destroyed during the Holocaust. Note that the list includes places in modern, post-1991 Lithuania, some of which were in German-occupied Poland during the war.[4] [5] [6] [7]
- Adutiškis (Haydutsetshik)
- Akmenė (Akmyan)
- Alanta (Avante, Alunte)
- Aleksotas (Aleksot)
- Alsėdžiai (Alsad)
- Alytus (Alíte)
- Antalieptė (Antalept)
- Anykščiai (Aniksht, Aniks)
- Ariogala (Ragole, Eyragole)
- Aukštadvaris (Visokedvor)
- Ąžuolų Būda (Bude)
- Babtai (Bobt)
- Bagaslaviškis (Bogoslavishok)
- Baisogala (Beysegole)
- Balbieriškis (Balbireshok)
- Balninkai (Bolnik)
- Batakiai (Batok)
- Bazilionys (Bazilyan, Padubysys)
- Betygala (Betigole)
- Bezdonys (Bezdan)
- Birštonas (Birshtan)
- Biržai (Birzh)
- Butrimonys (Butrimants)
- Čekiškė (Tsaykishok)
- Čekoniškės (Tsekhanovik)
- Darbėnai (Drobyan)
- Darsūniškis (Darshunishok)
- Daugai (Doyg)
- Daugailiai (Dagel)
- Debeikiai (Dabeyk)
- Dieveniškės (Divenishok)
- Dotnuva (Datneve)
- Druskininkai (Drusgenik)
- Dubingiai (Dubinik)
- Dūkštas (Duksht)
- Dusetos (Dusat)
- Eišiškės (Eyshishok)
- Eržvilkas (Erzvilik)
- Gargždai (Gorzd)
- Garliava (Gudleve, Garleve)
- Gaurė (Gavre)
- Gaveikėnai (Gaviken)
- Gelvonai (Gelvan)
- Giedraičiai (Gedrevits)
- Girkalnis (Girtegole)
- Grinkiškis (Grinkishok)
- Griškabūdis (Grishkabud)
- Gruzdžiai (Gruzd)
- Gudeliai (Gudel)
- Ignalina (Ignaline)
- Inturkė (Inturik)
- Jašiūnai (Yasun)
- Jieznas (Yezne)
- Jonava (Yaneve)
- Joniškėlis (Yonishkel)
- Joniškis (Yanishok)
- Josvainiai (Yasven)
- Jurbarkas (Yurberik, Yurburg)
- Kaišiadorys (Koshedar)
- Kaltanėnai (Koltnyan), near Tauragė
- Kaltinėnai (Koltnyan), near Švenčionys
- Kalvarija (Kalvarye)
- Kamajai (Kamay)
- Kapčiamiestis (Koptsheve)
- Karklėnai (Karklan)
- Kaunas (Kovne)
- Kavarskas (Kovarsk)
- Kazlų Rūda (Kazloverude)
- Kėdainiai (Keydan)
- Kelmė (Kelm)
- Kiduliai (Kidl)
- Klaipėda (Meml)
- Klykoliai (Klikol)
- Krakės (Krok)
- Kražiai (Krozh)
- Krekenava (Krakinove)
- Kretinga (Kretinge)
- Kriukai (Kruk), in Šiauliai region
- Kriūkai (Kruk) in Šakiai region
- Kruonis (Kron)
- Kudirkos Naumiestis (Nayshtot, Nayshtot-Shaki, Nayshtot-Shirvint, Vladivaslov, Dubilaytsh)
- Kuktiškės (Kuktishok)
- Kuliai (Kul)
- Kupiškis (Kupeshok, Slavyansk)
- Kurkliai (Kurkl)
- Kuršėnai (Kurshan)
- Kurtuvėnai (Kurtevyan)
- Kvėdarna (Khveydan, Konstantinove)
- Kvetkai (Kvetke)
- Kybartai (Kibart)
- Labanoras (Labonar)
- Laižuva (Layzeve)
- Latava (Lotove)
- Laukuva (Loykeve)
- Lazdijai (Lazdey)
- Leckava (Latskeve)
- Leipalingis (Leypun)
- Lentvaris (Landverove)
- Linkmenys (Ligmyan)
- Linkuva (Linkeve)
- Liškiava (Lishkeve)
- Liubavas (Lubave)
- Liudvinavas (Ludvinove; Trob)
- Luokė (Luknik)
- Lyduvėnai (Lidevyan)
- Lygumai (Ligum, Ligem)
- Maišiagala (Meysegole)
- Marcinkonys (Martsinkants)
- Marijampolė (Marnpol, Maryampol)
- Mažeikiai (Mazheyk)
- Merkinė (Meritsh)
- Mielagėnai (Malagan)
- Miroslavas (Mireslav)
- Molėtai (Malat)
- Mosėdis (Masyad)
- Musninkai (Musnik)
- Naujamiestis (Nayshtot-Ponevezh)
- (Dogalishok)
- Nemakščiai (Namoksht)
- Nemenčinė (Nementshin)
- Nemunaitis (Nemunayts)
- Nemunėlio Radviliškis (Nay-Radvilishok)
- Nevarėnai (Naveran)
- Obeliai (Abel)
- Onuškis (Hanusishok), in the Trakai region
- (Anishok), in the Rokiškis region
- Paberžė (Podbereze)
- Pabradė (Podbrodzh)
- Pagiriai (Pagir)
- Pajūris (Payure)
- Pakruojis (Pokroy)
- Pakuonis (Pakon)
- Palanga (Palange)
- Palūšė (Palush)
- Pamūšis (Pamushe)
- Pandėlys (Ponedel)
- Panemunė (Panemune)
- Panemunėlis (Panemunik)
- Panevėžys (Ponevezh)
- Papilė (Popilan)
- Pasvalys (Posvol)
- Pašvitinys (Poshvetin)
- Pikeliai (Pikeln)
- Pilviškiai (Pilvishok)
- Plateliai (Plotl)
- Plungė (Plungyan)
- Pociūnėliai (Patsinel)
- Prienai (Pren)
- Pumpėnai (Pumpyan)
- Punia (Pun)
- Pušalotas (Pushalat)
- Radviliškis (Radvilishok)
- Raguva (Rogeve)
- Ramygala (Remigole)
- Raseiniai (Raseyn)
- Ratnica (Ratnitse)
- Rietavas (Riteve)
- Rokiškis (Rakeshok)
- Rozalimas (Rozalye)
- Rudamina(Rudamin)
- Rūdiškės (Rudishok)
- Rumšiškės (Rumshishok)
- Šakiai (Shaki)
- Salakas (Salok)
- Salantai (Salant)
- Šalčininkai (Soletshnik)
- Saldutiškis (Saldutishok)
- Šalkenė (Shalkene)
- Saločiai (Salat)
- Šaukėnai (Shukyan)
- Šaukotas (Shakot)
- Seda (Syad)
- Šeduva (Shadeve)
- Seirijai (Serey)
- Semeliškės (Semilishok)
- Seredžius (Srednik)
- Šešuoliai (Sheshvil)
- Šėta (Shat)
- Šiaudinė (Shodine)
- Šiaulėnai (Shavlan)
- Šiauliai (Shavl)
- Siesikai (Sheshik)
- Šilalė (Shilel)
- Šilutė (Heydikrug)
- Šiluva (Shidleve)
- Šimkaičiai (Shimkaytsh)
- Simnas (Simne)
- Šimonys (Shimants)
- Širvintos (Shirvint)
- Skapiškis (Skopishok)
- Skaudvilė (Shkudvil)
- Skiemonys (Shkumyan)
- Skuodas (Shkud)
- Smilgiai (Smilg)
- Stajotiškės (Stayatseshik)
- Stakliškės (Stoklishok)
- Subačius (Subotsh)
- Sudargas (Sudarg)
- Surviliškis (Survilishok)
- Suvainiškis (Suvinishok)
- Svėdasai (Shvadotsh)
- Švėkšna (Shvekshin)
- Švenčionėliai (Svintsyanke, Nay-Svintsyan)
- Švenčionys (Svintsyan)
- Taujėnai (Tavyan)
- Tauragė (Tavrik)
- Tauragnai (Toragin)
- Telšiai (Telz)
- Tirkšliai (Tirkshle)
- Trakai (Trok)
- Troškūnai (Trashkun)
- Tryškiai (Trishik)
- Turgeliai (Turgele)
- Turmantas (Turmont)
- Tverai (Tver)
- Tytuvėnai (Tsitevyan)
- Ukmerge (Vilkomir)
- Upyna (Upine)
- Utena (Utyan)
- Užpaliai (Ushpol)
- Užventis (Uzvent)
- Vabalninkas (Abolnik, Vabolnik)
- Vaiguva (Vaygeve)
- Vainutas (Vaynute)
- Valkininkai (Olkenik)
- Vandžiogala (Vendzigole)
- Varėna (Aran)
- Varniai (Vorne)
- Vaškai (Vashki, Konstantinove)
- Vegeriai (Veger)
- Veisiejai (Vishey)
- Veiveriai (Veyver)
- Veiviržėnai (Varzhan)
- Veliuona (Vilon)
- Vidiškis (Vidishok)
- Viduklė (Vidukele)
- Viekšniai (Vekshne)
- Viešintos (Vishinte)
- Vievis (Vevye)
- Vilkaviškis (Vilkovishik)
- Vilkija (Vilki)
- Vilnius (Vilne)
- Virbalis (Virbaln)
- Višakio Rūda (Visokerude)
- Vištytis (Vishtenits)
- Vyžuonos (Vizhun)
- Ylakiai (Yelok)
- Žagarė (Zager)
- Zapyškis (Sapizishok, Panemune)
- Zarasai (Nay-Aleksander, Senderke, Ezherene)
- Žarėnai (Zharan)
- Žasliai (Zosle)
- Žeimelis (Zemlin)
- Žeimiai (Zeym)
- Želva (Zelve, Podzelve)
- Žemaičių Naumiestis (Nayshtot-Tavrik, Sugind)
- Židikai (Zhidik)
- Žiežmariai (Zezmer)
Poland
Russia
Slovenia
Ukraine
See also
Further reading
- Book: Mokotoff . Gary . Gary Mokotoff. Amdur Sack . Sallyann . Where Once We Walked: A Guide to the Jewish Communities Destroyed in the Holocaust . 1st . 1991 . Avotaynu . Teaneck, N.J. . 0-9626373-1-9 . 23652677.
- Book: Mokotoff . Gary . Gary Mokotoff. Amdur Sack . Sallyann . Alexander Sharon . Where Once We Walked: A Guide to the Jewish Communities Destroyed in the Holocaust . 2nd, revised . 2002 . Avotaynu . Bergenfield, N.J. . 1-886223-15-7 . 488653492.
- Book: Yad Vashem . Yad Vashem . Blackbook of localities whose Jewish population was exterminated by the Nazis . 1965 . Yad Vashem . Jerusalem, Israel . 48650158.
- Web site: Ukrainian Cities and Shtetls . Margulis, Ted . 2012 . Jewish Web Index . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140303074135/http://jewishwebindex.com/ukrainian%20shtetls.htm . 2014-03-03 .
- Web site: Romania, Bukovina and Moldova . Margulis, Ted . 2012 . Jewish Web Index.
Notes and References
- Book: Braham . Randolph L. . The Geographical Encyclopedia of the Holocaust in Hungary . 2013 . Northwestern University Press . Evanston, Illinois . 978-0810129160.
- Book: Lavi . Theodore . פנקס הקהילות - הונגריה: אנציקלופדיה של היישובים היהודיים למן היווסדם ועד לאחר שואת מלחמת העולם השנייה . Communities Notebook - Hungary: Encyclopedia of the communities from their founding until after the Holocaust during the Second World War . Yad Vashem . 1976 . he . 125–534.
- Web site: Holocaust Memorial Places in Latvia. Center for Judaic Studies at the University of Latvia. Riga, Latvia. 2020. 2020-04-26.
- Web site: Map of the Jewish Communities of Lithuania: Links to their Holocaust Fate . Katz . Dovid. Dovid Katz . 2012 . 5 June 2013.
- Web site: Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania . 2010. Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum . Vilnius, Lithuania . 5 June 2013.
- Web site: International Jewish Cemetery Project: Lithuania. International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies . 5 June 2013.
- Book: Dov. Levin. Joseph. Rosin. Lithuania: Encyclopedia of the Jewish Communities from their Establishment until after the Shoah of the Second World War . 1996 . Yad Vashem . Jerusalem, Israel .