List of victims of Nazism explained

This is a list of victims of Nazism who were noted for their achievements. Many on the lists below were of Jewish and Polish origin, although Soviet POWs, Jehovah's Witnesses, Serbs, Catholics, Roma and dissidents were also murdered. This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, were murdered by the Nazi regime. It includes those murdered in the Holocaust, as well as individuals otherwise killed by the Nazis before and during World War II. Those killed in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the Nazi Party or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.

The list is sorted by occupation and by nationality.

Performing arts

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1931–1944	Czech	Portrayed in Hana's Suitcase: A True Story	Jewish	Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp
	1878–1942	French	Founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte Carlo	Jewish	Murdered at Auschwitz concentration camp
	1875–1943	Austrian	Actor, director	Jewish	Auschwitz concentration camp
	1878–1938	Austrian	Actor, cabaret performer	Jewish	Suicide to avoid arrest by Sturmabteilung
	1871–1944	German	Film actor	Jewish	Died at an unknown concentration camp
	1861-1942/3	German	Actor	Jewish	Murdered in the gas chamber at Treblinka concentration camp
	1900–1944	German	Actress	political reasons	Suicide in Berlin for "political reasons"
	1927–1943	Croatian	Child actress	Jewish	Heart failure on route to the Auschwitz concentration camp
	1892–1944	German	Actor, screenwriter, director, best-selling author	Jewish	Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp
	1911–1944	Czech	Dancer, cabaret singer	Jewish	Forced death march from Auschwitz to Christianstadt
	1897–1944	German	Performer, actor, film director	Jewish	Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp
	1899–1943	German	Actress, cabaret singer	Jewish	Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp
	1881–1942	Austro-Hungarian	Actor	Jewish	Murdered by SS in Wieliczka
	1904–1941	German	Actor	Jewish family	Suicide in Berlin to avoid arrest
	1893–1943	British	Actor	Jewish	Airplane shot down by Luftwaffe
	1879–1941	German	Actor	Jewish
Salomon Meyer Kannewasser	1916–1945	Dutch	Jazz singer. Part of the duo 'Johnny & Jones'	?	Died of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen
	1886–1938	Austrian	Actor, cabaret performer	Jewish	Buchenwald concentration camp
	1886–1942	Franco-Romanian	Film director, actor and former head of Pathé Film Studios	Jewish	Auschwitz concentration camp
	1904–1942	Ukrainian	Singer, actor	Jewish	Heart attack in a Swiss refugee camp in Gyrenbad
	1881–1943	Austrian	Film and stage actor	Jewish	Died at Ruma concentration camp in Vojvodina
	1876–1943	Austrian	Actress	Jewish	Theresienstadt concentration camp
Arnold Siméon van Wesel	1918–1945	Dutch	Jazz singer. Part of the duo Johnny & Jones	?		Died of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen
	1898–1944	Hungarian	Singer, actor, comedian, theater secretary	Jewish	Shot in Budapest by members of the Arrow Cross
	1879–1941	Czech	Songwriter-lyricist, film and theatre director, actor, dramatist and screenwriter	patriotic songs	Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp
	1899–1944	German	Actor and cabaret performer	Jewish	Auschwitz concentration camp
	1914–1943	Polish	Actor	aiding Jews	Auschwitz concentration camp
	1868–1943	Hungarian-German	Actor	Jewish

Literature and publishing

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1929–1945	German / Dutch	author of a published diary	Jewish	typhus at Bergen-Belsen
	1884–1942	Austrian	writer and journalist	Jewish	gas chamber at Sobibór
	1878–1938	Austrian	writer and philosopher	Jewish	suicide to avoid deportation
	1902–1942	Austrian	writer and graphic artist	Jewish	died in detention, circumstances unclear, Auschwitz
	1904–1942	Polish	work for Esperanto movement, as well as translations of Baháʼí Faith writings	Jewish	gas chamber at Treblinka
	1912–1939	Austrian	journalist, writer	Jewish
	1886–1944	Belarusian	teacher, writer	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1928–1944	Czech	editor of Vedem	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1903–1943	Czech	resistance leader	Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia	hanged at Plötzensee Prison
	1896–1944	Czech	journalist	Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia	kidney failure at Ravensbrück concentration camp
	1889–1942	Czech	writer	Jewish	died in detention, circumstances unclear
	1892–1944	Czech	writer	Jewish	died in Gleiwitz concentration camp
	1891–1942	Czech	writer, doctor	Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia	executed at Kobylisy Shooting Range
	1914–1943	Dutch	writer, diary author	Jewish	died in detention, circumstances unclear
	1925–1943	Dutch	author of a published diary	Jewish	gas chamber at Sobibór
Jaap Nunes Vaz	1906-1943	Dutch	editor of Het Parool	Jewish
	1921–1945	French	author of a published diary	Jewish	died in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
	1910–1942	French	writer, resistance leader	French Resistance	executed by firing squad
	1900–1945	French	poet, resistance fighter	French Resistance	typhoid few weeks after the liberation of Theresienstadt concentration camp
	1898–1944	French	poet, literary critic	Jewish, French Resistance	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1893–1945	French	writer	French Resistance	died at either the Groß-Rosen or Dora concentration camp
	1892–1940	German	literary critic and philosopher	Jewish	suicide at Portbou to avoid deportation
	1894–1933	German	journalist and activist	Jewish	executed during the deportation to Dachau
	1890–1940	German	expressionist writer	Jewish	suicide to avoid deportation
	1887–1942	German	writer	Jewish	gas chamber at Sobibór
	1903–1942	German	writer	Jewish family	suicide in Berlin
	1895–1944	German	journalist, poet	making jokes about the Nazi regime	beheaded at Brandenburg-Görden Prison
	1873–1942	German	author, poet, social worker	Jewish	died at Theresienstadt
	1887–1943	German	writer, dramatist, Resistance fighter	German resistance to Nazism	died in detention, circumstances unclear
	1878–1934	German	writer, anarchist	Jewish	executed at Plötzensee Prison
	1889–1940	German	publisher, politician	Communist	murdered at Oranienburg concentration camp
	1868–1942	German		Jewish	enteritis at Theresienstadt
	1889–1938	German	journalist, Nobel Peace Prize winner	exposing the clandestine German re-armament	tuberculosis
	1886–1944	German	photojournalist	Jewish	died in detention, circumstances unclear
	1913–1942	German	film critic, resistance fighter	German resistance to Nazism	executed at Plötzensee Prison
	1909–1944	Hungarian	poet	Jewish	shot into a mass grave near Abda, Hungary
	1901–1945	Hungarian	writer, literary scholar	Jewish	beaten to death in a concentration camp in Balf
	1877–1942	Polish	Yiddish poet, musician and composer	Jewish	shot dead in the Krakow Ghetto
	1892–1942	Polish	writer	Jewish	shot dead in the ghetto at Drohobycz
	1902–1942	Polish	poet, philosopher	Jewish	shot in the Lwów ghetto
	1893–1934	German	music critic	mistaken identity	accidental victim of the Night of the Long Knives in a case of mistaken identity
	1890–1942	German	journalist	Jewish	a Kindertransport director, sent to Sobibor extermination camp
	1908–1942	Russian	poet	Jewish	beaten to death in Rostov Oblast, Russia
	1924–1942	Romanian	writer	Jewish	typhus at the Mikhailovska labor camp in rural Ukraine
	1891–1944	Russian	Hebrew writer	Jewish	tuberculosis at a satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp
	1898–1945	Surinamese	author, human rights activist	Dutch resistance	died in detention, circumstances unclear, Neuengamme
	1903–1942	Ukrainian-French	writer	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1877–1943	German	writer	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
Renia Spiegel	1924–1942	Polish	author of a published diary	Jewish	shot dead in Przemyśl

Visual arts and design

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1896–1944	Austrian	artist	Jewish	gas chamber in Auschwitz
	1887–1945	Czech	painter, draughtsman, illustrator, writer	Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia	typhoid fever at Bergen-Belsen
	1909–1942	Polish	Woodcuts artist and painter	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1896–1943	Polish/French	painter	Jewish	unknown
	1886–1942	Dutch		Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1876–1944	French	artist	Jewish	pneumonia at Drancy
	1880–1938	German	painter	German resistance to Nazism	suicide due to persecution, Davos
	1876–1942	Austrian	artist/designer	Jewish
	1899–1940	German	painter	Action T4	Aktion T4 victim at Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre
	1905–1945	Polish	painter	Jewish	slave labor at Ebensee division of Mauthausen^[1]
	1868–1944	Dutch	painter and designer	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
Max van Dam	1910–1943	Dutch	painter	Jewish	died as one of the few inmates at Sobibor
Marianne Franken	1884-1945	Dutch	painter	Jewish	Bergen-Belsen
Mommie Schwarz	1876-1942	Dutch	painter	Jewish	Auschwitz
Else Berg	1877-1942	Dutch	painter	Jewish	Auschwitz
Martin Monnickendam	1874-1943	Dutch	painter	Jewish	suspicious circumstances prior to deportation
	1904–1944	Austrian	painter	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1902–1942	Estonian	painter	French Resistance	Auschwitz
	1858–1942	Polish/Austrian	painter	Jewish	Theresienstadt
	1884–1942	Polish	painter, graphic artist	Polish intelligentsia	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1917–1943	German	painter	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1906–1941	Latvian	textile artist	Jewish	killed at the Rumbula massacre
	1898–1944	Hungarian	textile artist	Jewish	Auschwitz
	1908–1944	Dutch	photographer, graphic artist	Dutch resistance	Shot by the SS near Bloemendaal

Music

See also: List of composers influenced by the Holocaust.

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1899–1944	Czech	composer	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1922–1945	German	composer	Jewish	Dachau
	1892–1942	Austrian	composer	?	Majdanek/Lublin concentration camp
	1898–1941	South African/British	vocalist	The Blitz	killed by a Luftwaffe parachute mine in London
	1894–1941	Croatian	composer	Jewish	Jasenovac concentration camp
	1880–1945	Czech	composer	Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia	dysentery at Theresienstadt
	1919–1945	Czech	composer	Jewish	killed during liquidation of Fürstengrube, a sub-camp of Auschwitz
	1899–1944	Czech (Bohemian)	composer	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1913–1945	Italian	pianist	Jewish	intestinal infection at Auschwitz shortly after liberation
	1871–1942	German	composer	Jewish	torture by Gestapo, Berlin
	1894–1942	Czech	composer, jazz pianist	Jewish	tuberculosis at Wülzburg concentration camp
	1898–1944	Czech	composer, pianist	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1916–1943	German	pianist	German resistance to Nazism	hanged at Plötzensee Prison
	1906–1944	Austrian	violinist, conductor	Jewish	possibly poisoning, at Auschwitz
	1896–1944	Polish	composer, teacher, columnist	Jewish	probably shot by Einsatzgruppen at Krosno
	1900–1943	Dutch	composer	Jewish	gas chamber at Sobibór
	1893–1944	Austrian	composer, pianist, conductor	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1868–1944	Italian	composer	Jewish	suffered a fatal heart attack at the moment of his arrest
	1874–1943	Polish	cantor, tenor	Jewish	killed in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
	1903–1944	Czech	composer, playwright	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz

Humanities

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1902–1943	American	literary historian, translator, resistance fighter	German resistance to Nazism	beheaded at Plötzensee Prison
	1865–1943	Austrian	Romance philology professor	Jewish	Theresienstadt
	1860–1941	Belarusian	historian, writer, activist	Jewish	killed at the Riga ghetto during the Rumbula massacre
	1877–1942	Czech	Albanologist	Jewish	Roßau (?)
	1886–1944	French	historian, resistance leader	Jewish, French Resistance	tortured and shot by Gestapo at Saint-Didier-de-Formans
	1909–1942	French	philosopher, resistance leader	Jewish, French Resistance	executed by firing squad
	1902–1942	French	philosopher, resistance leader	Jewish, French Resistance	executed by firing squad
	1908–1942	French	ethnographer, resistance fighter	French Resistance	executed by firing squad
	1887–1944	Slovenian	literary historian	anti-Fascist activities of his children	Gusen
	1892–1940	German	philosopher	Jewish	suicide at Portbou to avoid deportation
	1868–1942	German	classical scholar	Jewish	Theresienstadt

Mathematics

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
Georg Alexander Pick^[2]	1859–1942	Austrian		Jewish	Theresienstadt
Emanuel Lodewijk Elte	1881-1943	Dutch	Gosset–Elte figures	Jewish	Sobibor
	1903–1944	French	philosopher of science, resistance leader	French Resistance	executed by firing squad
	1854–1942	German	Cayley-Bacharach Theorem	Jewish	Theresienstadt
	1908–1944	French	mathematical philosopher, resistance leader	Jewish, French Resistance	executed by firing squad
Otto Blumenthal^[3]	1876–1944	German		Jewish	Theresienstadt
Felix Hausdorff^[4]	1868–1942	German	One of the founders of modern topology and contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis.	Jewish	suicide, Bonn
	1874–1943	German		Jewish	suicide, Großhesselohe
	1888–1942	German		Jewish	Auschwitz
	1904–1941	Polish		Jewish	Ghetto Vilnius
	1881–1941	Polish	Polish mathematician	Polish intelligentsia	Massacre of Lwów
	1889–1941	Polish		Polish intelligentsia	Massacre of Lwów
	1897–1942	Polish		Jewish, Polish underground	murdered in prison by the Gestapo, Warsaw
	1899–1943	Polish		Jewish	executed by the Gestapo, Lviv
	1883–1941	Polish	Polish mathematician	Polish intelligentsia	Massacre of Lwów
	1866–1942	Slovak		?	Theresienstadt

Natural sciences

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1869–1944	Dutch	chemist, work on the allotropy of metals	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1888–1943	French		Jewish	Auschwitz (presumed gas chamber)
	1883–1943	French		Jewish	Auschwitz (presumed gas chamber)

Medicine and psychology

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1861-1942	German			Theresienstadt
	1874–1941	Polish	paediatrician, poet, translator	Polish intelligentsia	Massacre of Lwów
	1882–1941	Polish	physician, dentist, surgeon	Polish intelligentsia
	1897–1941	Polish	physician, surgeon	Polish intelligentsia
	1867–1943	Austrian	physician	Jewish	Theresienstadt
	1878–1942	Polish	pediatrician, educator, child welfare	Jewish	Treblinka
	1898–1944	German	doctor, educator, politician	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
	1885–1942	Russian	physician, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst	Jewish	Massacre of Zmievskaya Balka
	1890–1944	German	educator	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
	1873–1938	German	social activist, doctor's assistant	Jewish	Kristallnacht

Law, business

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1901–1945	German	jurist, resistance fighter	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin
	1885–1944	Dutch	book keeper	Dutch resistance	Pernicious anemia, Ravensbrück
	1859–1944	Dutch	watchmaker	Dutch resistance	tuberculosis, mistreatment at Scheveningen Prison
	1902–1945	German	jurist, resistance fighter	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Sachsenhausen
	1896–1945	German		German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
	1905–1941	German	jurist, pacifist, member of the Kreisau Circle	German resistance to Nazism	NS-Tötungsanstalt Sonnenstein
	1877–1945	French		French Resistance	Buchenwald
	1886–1944	German	jurist	German resistance to Nazism	Sachsenhausen
	1889–1944	Austrian	economist	Jewish	Auschwitz concentration camp
	1907–1945	German		German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
	1888–1945	Croatian	entrepreneur	Jewish	Dachau
	1894–1941	Croatian	entrepreneur	Jewish	Jasenovac
	1896–1945	German		German resistance to Nazism	executed, Flossenbürg
	1895–1945	German	resistance fighter	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin
	1874–1941	Croatian	industrialist	Jewish	Jasenovac
	1875–1945	Polish	inventor	Polish intelligentsia	Mauthausen
	1902–1945	French		Jewish	Ravensbrück
	1902–1944	Polish	economist	Polish resistance movement in World War II	executed, Warsaw

Theology, spirituality, religion

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
Hedwig Jahnow	1879-1944	German	Old testament theologian	Jewish	malnutrition in Theresienstadt
	1898–1944	Danish	theologian, playwright	Danish resistance movement	murdered by an SS-Sonderkommando, Hørbylunde/Denmark
	1884-1942	Dutch	Chief Rabbi of the Netherlands	Jewish
	1906–1945	German	Lutheran pastor, theologian	German resistance to Nazism	Hanged with thin wire, Flossenbürg
	1902–1944	German	first woman Rabbi	Jewish	Auschwitz
	1903–1942	German	theologian, journalist	Jewish family	suicide shortly before deportation, Berlin
	1897–1944	German		German resistance to Nazism	executed, Halle an der Saale (beheaded)
	1897–1939	German	clergyman	German resistance to Nazism	lethal injection, Buchenwald
	1891–1942	German	Carmelite nun, Ph.D. in Philosophy, Catholic saint (born Jewish)	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1869–1944	Hungarian	rabbi, historian	Jewish	Auschwitz
	1915–1944	Italian		Italian resistance movement	shot by a member of the Waffen SS, Marzabotto
	1891–1941	Lithuanian		Jewish	murdered in a massacre of the male population of Telz
	1875–1941	Lithuanian	rabbi, rosh yeshiva	Jewish	Kovno
	1904–1943	Italian	rabbi	Jewish	gas chamber at Auschwitz
	1905–1941	Lithuanian	rabbi, rosh yeshiva at the Telz Yeshiva	Jewish	murdered in a massacre of the male population of Telz
	1894–1941	Polish	friar, Catholic saint	Polish resistance movement in World War II	lethal injection after voluntarily taking place of another prisoner, Auschwitz
	1913–1945	Polish	priest	Polish resistance movement in World War II	Dachau
	1900–1945	Swiss	astrologer, occultist	crackdown on astrologers, faith healers and occultists following Rudolf Hess's flight to Scotland	during transport to Buchenwald
	1889–1943	Polish	Rabbi	Jewish	Aktion Erntefest
	1883–1943	Polish	Rabbi	Jewish	The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
	1891–1945	Russian	Russian Orthodox nun, saint	French Resistance	gas chamber, Ravensbrück concentration camp

Sports

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1902–1943	American		Jewish	Murdered at Auschwitz
	1914–1942	Czech	athlete (800m, 400m relay), 1936 Berlin Olympic Games	Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia	executed at Kobylisy Shooting Range
	1877–1942	Austrian	fencer & swimmer; 2-time Olympic silver medalist; one of only a few athletes who have won Olympic medals in multiple sports	Jewish	Izbica concentration camp
	1875–1943	Austrian	chess player	Jewish	Vienna
	1906–1944	British-Czech	chess player; world champion	The Blitz
	1885–1941	Czech	chess player; chess Olympian	Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Salo Landau	1903–1944	Dutch	chess player	Jewish	Gräditz concentration camp
Gerrit Kleerekoper	1897–1943	Dutch	coach Dutch gymnastics team 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games	Jewish	Sobibór
Estella Agsteribbe	1909–1943	Dutch	gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist	Jewish	Auschwitz
	1903–1943	Dutch	gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist	Jewish	Sobibór
	1906–1943	Dutch	gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist	Jewish	Sobibór
	1904–1943	Dutch	gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist	Jewish	Sobibór
Isidore Goudeket	1883-1943	Dutch	gymnast; placed 7th in team event in the 1908 Olympics	Jewish	Sobibór
Abraham de Oliveira	1880-1943	Dutch	gymnast; placed 7th in team event in the 1908 Olympics	Jewish	Sobibór
	1869–1942	German	gymnast; 3-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist	Jewish	Theresienstadt
	1875–1945	German	gymnast; 2-time Olympic gold medalist	Jewish	Theresienstadt
	1899–1942	German	4 world records (discus, shot put, and 4x100-m relay), 10 German national championships	Jewish	Riga Ghetto
	1904–1944	German	wrestler; Olympian	Communist	executed, Brandenburg an der Havel
	1907–1943	German	boxer; German national champion	Sinti	Neuengamme
	1889–1945	Hungarian	fencer; Olympic gold, silver, and bronze medalist	Jewish	Mauthausen
	1883–1944	Hungarian	fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist	Jewish	Mauthausen
	1904–1943	Hungarian	fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist	Jewish	Davidovka concentration camp
	1909–1943	Hungarian	swimmer, Olympic silver (200-m breaststroke) and bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay)	Jewish	killed at a forced labor camp in Chernihiv, Ukraine
	1908–1944	Polish	skier: Olympian	Polish resistance movement in World War II	Auschwitz
	1912–1943	Polish	fencer; Olympian	Jewish	Majdanek concentration camp
	1900–1941	Polish	Polish national soccer team	Jewish	killed in the Warsaw Ghetto
	1907–1940	Polish	athlete;1932 Los Angeles men's athletics gold medalist	Polish resistance movement in World War II	executed in Palmiry
	1880–1940	Polish	chess player; chess Olympian	Jewish	executed, Warsaw
	1900–1941	Polish	left wing on national soccer team	Jewish	Lemberg Ghetto
	1907–1943	Polish	swimmer, Olympic 4×200-m freestyle relay	Jewish	Majdanek concentration camp
	1911–1945	Tunisian	boxer; world flyweight champion	Jewish	Auschwitz
	1908–1942	Luxembourgian	boxer	Luxembourg Resistance	Hinzert concentration camp
	1904–1944	Hungarian		?	Buchenwald

Politics, resistance

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Political Ideology/Occupation	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1895–1942	Austrian	Politician, economist	Jewish	executed, Bernburg Euthanasia Centre
	1891–1942	Dutch	Feminist and peace activist	Jewish	murdered by gassing, Bernburg
	1877–1945	French	Aesthetician, politician	Jewish
	1903–1944	French	high resistance leader	French Resistance	committed suicide (so as not to break under Gestapo torture)
	1885–1944	French	Politician, resistance leader	Jewish, French Resistance	murdered in the Forest of Fontainebleau
	1899–1943	French	high resistance leader	French Resistance	tortured to death by the Gestapo
	1893–1945	French	Duke of Ayen, French resistance fighter	French Resistance	died at Bergen-Belsen a few days before the end of the war^[5] ^[6]
	1904–1944	French	politician, former minister of French Government	Jewish, French Resistance	assassinated by the Vichy French Milice
	1894–1936	German	Communist	Communist	executed, Hamburg
	1896–1944	German	Communist	Communist	executed, Brandenburg
	1905–1944	German	Communist resistance fighter	Jewish, Communist	executed, Berlin
	1894–1944	German	Communist	Communist	executed, Brandenburg
	1908–1942	German-Brazilian	Communist	Jewish, Communist	executed, Ravensbrück
Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff	1890–1945	German	Diplomat	German resistance to Nazism	murdered in custody, Berlin
	1920–1944	German	Red Orchestra (communist) resistance fighter	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
	1874–1944	German	Social Democrat	political opponent	executed, Buchenwald
	1922–1944	German	Maquis Resistance fighter	Jewish, French Resistance	Beaten to death by Gestapo
	1916–1942	German	Communist resistance fighter	Communist, German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
	1909–1943	German	Communist resistance fighter	Communist, German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Gusta Dawidson Draenger	1917-1943	Polish	leader of Akiva youth movement	Jewish	executed, Gestapo custody, Krakow
	1903–1945	German	Manual laborer, Rotfront-Kämpfer	planned and carried out an elaborate assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler	executed, Dachau
	1884–1945	German	Mayor of Leipzig, Putschist	political opponent	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
	1918–1943	German	White Rose resistance fighter; student	German resistance to Nazism	Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison
	1903–1945	German	Diplomat, writer	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin-Moabit
Rudolf Hilferding	1877–1941	German	Social Democrat	Jewish	executed, Gestapo custody, Paris
Otto Hirsch	1885–1941	German	Representative of German Jews	Jewish	executed, Mauthausen concentration camp
Camill Hoffmann	1878–1944	German	Diplomat, writer	Jewish	executed, Auschwitz
Martin Hoop	1892–1933	German	Communist, District leader of KPD in Saxony	Communist	executed, Zwickau
Kurt Huber	1893–1943	German	White Rose resistance fighter, professor	German resistance to Nazism	Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison
Franz Jacob	1906–1944	German	Communist	Communist, German resistance to Nazism	executed, Brandenburg
Ludwig Landmann	1868-1945	German	DDP politician, Mayor of Frankfurt	Jewish	starved to death in hiding place
Julius Leber	1891–1944	German	Socialist	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Wilhelm Leuschner	1890–1944	German	Politician	20 July plot	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
August Lütgens	1897-1933	German	Communist	Communist, German resistance to Nazism	executed, Amtsgericht Altona
Ottilie Pohl	1867–1943	German	Resistance fighter	Jewish	executed, Theresienstadt
Fritz Pröll	1915–1944	German	Resistance fighter	German resistance to Nazism	Suicide due to threatened torture, Nordhausen
Christoph Probst	1918–1943	German	White Rose resistance fighter, student	German resistance to Nazism	Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison
Joseph Roth	1896–1945	German	Teacher and politician	Jewish	murdered by a poison injection after being imprisoned in Buchenwald
Anton Saefkow	1903–1944	German	Communist, resistance fighter	Communist, German resistance to Nazism	executed, Zuchthaus Brandenburg
Werner Scharff	1912–1945	German	Resistance fighter, electrician	Jewish, German resistance to Nazism	executed, Sachsenhausen
Rudolf von Scheliha	1897–1942	German	Red Orchestra (communist) resistance fighter, diplomat	German resistance to Nazism	Guillotined, Berlin-Plötzensee
Alexander Schmorell	1917–1943	German	White Rose resistance fighter, student	German resistance to Nazism	Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison
Ernst Schneller	1890–1944	German	KPD politician	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Sachsenhausen
Werner Scholem	1895–1940	German	Communist	Jewish, Communist	executed, Buchenwald
Hans Scholl	1918–1943	German	White Rose resistance fighter, medical student	German resistance to Nazism	Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison
Sophie Scholl	1921–1943	German	White Rose resistance fighter, student	German resistance to Nazism	Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison
Ilse Stöbe	1911–1942	German	Red Orchestra (communist) resistance fighter	German resistance to Nazism	Guillotined, Berlin-Plötzensee
Bruno Tesch	1913–1933	German	Communist	Communist	executed, Amtsgericht Altona
Ernst Thälmann	1886–1944	German	Leader of KPD	Communist	executed, Buchenwald
Adam von Trott zu Solz	1909–1944	German	Diplomat	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Jenő Deutsch	1879–1944	Hungarian	Social democrat politician	?	executed^[7]
Hannah Szenes	1921–1944	Hungarian	Jewish partisan	Jewish	executed
Kazimierz Bartel	1882–1941	Polish	Prime Minister of Poland 1926–1930	Polish intelligentsia	executed
Paweł Frenkiel	1920–1943	Polish	Jewish Military Union leader	Jewish	executed
Yitzhak Gitterman	1889–1943	Polish	Politician, Director of American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee	Jewish	fighting in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Herschel Grynszpan	1921-1945?	Polish	shot the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath on 7 November 1938 in Paris	Jewish	executed, location of death not known, possibly Gestapo-Prison Berlin-Moabit
Stefan Rowecki	1895–1944	Polish	General, leader of the Armia Krajowa, journalist	Polish resistance movement in World War II	executed, Warsaw
Stefan Starzyński	1893–1943	Polish	Politician, economist, writer, Mayor of Warsaw 1934–1939	Polish intelligentsia	fate unknown, possibly died in Dachau
Szmul Zygielbojm	1895–1943	Polish	Bund leader	Jewish	suicide in protest of Nazism
Tone Čufar	1905–1942	Slovenian	Resistance fighter	Slovene Liberation Front	shot during an escape attempt
Slavko Šlander	1909–1941	Slovenian	Resistance fighter	Slovene Liberation Front	executed

Military

width=200	Name !	width=80	Lifespan !	width=100	Nationality !	Achievements	Reasons for persecution	Cause of death
	1879–1945	French	general, resistance leader	French Resistance	assassinated in Dachau concentration camp
	1880–1944	German		20 July plot	executed, Berlin
	1887–1945	German	military information service	German resistance to Nazism	executed, Flossenbürg
	1886–1944	German	officer and resistance fighter in the Third Reich	20 July plot	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
	1908–1944	German		20 July plot	executed, Berlin
	1886–1944	German		20 July plot	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
	1905–1944	German	Colonel, Putschist	20 July plot	executed, Berlin
	1888–1944	German	General, Putschist	20 July plot	executed, Berlin
	1887–1945	German	Chief of staff	20 July plot	executed, Flossenbürg
Harro Schulze-Boysen	1909–1942	German	officer, publicist	collaboration with Soviet intelligence	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Claus von Stauffenberg	1907–1944	German	Chief of staff of General Army Office, Putschist	20 July plot	executed, Berlin
Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel	1886–1944	German	military commander in occupied France	20 July plot	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Henning von Tresckow	1901–1944	German	Major General, Putschist	German resistance to Nazism	suicide, near Ostrov, Russia
Erwin von Witzleben	1881–1944	German	retired Field Marshal	20 July plot	executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Maurizio Giglio	1920–1944	Italian	soldier, policeman, secret agent, MOVM	collaboration with Allied intelligence	shot, one of the victims of the Ardeatine massacre, Rome
Dmitry Karbyshev	1880–1945	Russian	Army(RKKA), engineer commander	Red Army general	executed, Mauthausen
Rudolf Viest	1890–1945	Slovak	Division General, commander of the Slovak National Uprising	Slovak National Uprising	executed, Flossenbürg
Ján Golian	1906–1945	Slovak	Brigadier General, commander of the Slovak National Uprising	Slovak National Uprising	executed, Flossenbürg

See also

• List of Holocaust survivors
• List of authors banned in Nazi Germany
• List of victims and survivors of Auschwitz

References

1. Web site: Macznik.
2. Web site: Pick biography. www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk. 2016-04-15.
3. Web site: Blumenthal biography. www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. 2016-04-15.
4. Web site: HCM: About Felix Hausdorff. hcm.uni-bonn.de. 2016-04-15.
5. Book: Martin, Georges . Histoire et généalogie de la maison de Noailles . 1993 . fr.
6. Web site: 18 November 1952 . Le tribunal militaire de Paris condamne à vingt ans de réclusion une collaboratrice de la Gestapo accusée d'avoir dénoncé le duc d'Ayen . The Paris military court sentences a Gestapo collaborator accused of having denounced the Duke of Ayen to twenty years of imprisonment . . fr.
7. Web site: Deutsch Jenő . Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon 1000–1990 . hu . 2019-02-03.

External links

• The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names