List of victims and survivors of Auschwitz explained

This is a list of notable victims and survivors of the Auschwitz concentration camp; that is, victims and survivors about whom a significant amount of independent secondary sourcing exists. This list represents only a very small portion of the 1.1 million victims and survivors of Auschwitz and is not intended to be viewed as a representative or exhaustive count by any means.

Victims

Male victims are signified by a background. Female victims are signified by a background.

Name	Born	Died	Age	Ethnicity	Notability
				Jewish	Gymnast. Member of the Gold medal-winning Dutch gymnastics team at the 1928 Summer Olympics.^[1]
			22 or 23	Jewish	Composer. Deported from Theresienstadt concentration camp to Auschwitz on September 28, 1944.^[2]
		October 15, 1944		Jewish	Son of Karel Ančerl and Valy Ančerl. Born while parents were in Theresienstadt concentration camp.
	1908	October 15, 1944	36	Jewish	Wife of Karel Ančerl, who was also at Auschwitz, but survived.
			59	Polish	Noble.
				Polish	Lawyer, publicist, and politician.
				Polish	Noble. Was a member of the Polish Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Affairs before war broke out. Belonged to the first group of people to organise the underground fight.
		September 1942		Jewish	Choreographer, founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra; brother of Léon Blum. Transferred to the camp on September 23, 1942.^[3]
				Jewish	Arrived at the camp on October 23, 1944, and was gassed immediately.^[4]
				Czechoslovakian	Businessman from Prague.^[5]
				French Jewish	Deported from Switzerland for "immorality".
				Polish	Skier – 24 times Polish champion, and participant of Winter Olympics of 1928, 1932 and 1936; soldier of Armia Krajowa.
^[6]				Jewish	Child actress. Born Jewish, converted to Roman Catholicism with her family in June 1941 as an attempt by her father to save the family from certain death, but still considered Jewish by Nazi racial laws. Died in the cattle wagon routed to Auschwitz.
^[7] ^[8]			47	Jewish	Among last Jewish employees to leave Berlin. Put on train to Auschwitz on March 12, 1943; poisoned herself in transit.
^[9]				Jewish	Poet, critic, existentialist philosopher and author.
	1892	1944	52	Jewish	Sister of Benjamin Fondane.
				Jewish	Mother of Anne Frank;arrested on 4 August 1944; deported to Auschwitz 3 September 1944.she died of weakness and disease
^[10] ^[11]				Jewish	Head Rabbi of Jewish Municipality of Zagreb, catechist, translator, writer and spiritual leader, educated in law and theology science. On last transport of Jews from Croatia. Killed at camp entrance when he protested against the inhumane procedure that was implemented against the members of his community.
				Jewish	Actor and film director; was either persuaded or coerced^[12] by the Nazis to make a propaganda film showing how humane the conditions were at Theresienstadt concentration camp. After filming finished, he was deported on the final transport ever to Auschwitz, on October 28, 1944, and was gassed immediately.
^[13]				Jewish	Cabaret singer and silent-film actress. Gassed with her husband Max Sluizer and children Miriam Sluizer and Abel Juda Sluizer
				Jewish	Writer. Esperantist.
^[14] ^[15]				Jewish	Smuggled gunpowder into the camp to help the Sonderkommando blow up Crematorium IV during an October 7, 1944 revolt. Tortured and eventually executed by hanging along with her three conspirators, the last public hanging at Auschwitz.
^[16]			23	Jewish	Smuggled gunpowder into the camp to help the Sonderkommando blow up Crematorium IV during an October 7, 1944 revolt. Tortured and eventually executed by hanging along with her three conspirators, the last public hanging at Auschwitz.
			30	Jewish	Smuggled gunpowder into the camp to help the Sonderkommando blow up Crematorium IV during an October 7, 1944 revolt. Tortured and eventually executed by hanging along with her three conspirators, the last public hanging at Auschwitz.
				Jewish	One of few Irish Jews who died in the shoah; gassed with her husband Vogtjeck Gluck and son Leon Gluck
^[17]				Jewish	Composer. After arrival at the camp, Josef Mengele was about to send Karel Ančerl to the gas chamber, but weakened Haas, who stood next to him, began to cough and the death sentence was therefore chosen for him instead.
				Scottish	Scottish missionary working in Hungary since 1932. Arrested by the Nazis in 1944 on charges of espionage and working among Jews while trying to save young Jewish girls. Arrested and sent to prisons in Fő utca and Buda, and then sent to Auschwitz in May 1944, where she was tattooed as prisoner 79467.
^[18]				Jewish	Croatian first female professor of gymnastics.
				Jewish	Composer; helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp.
				Jewish	Composer, conductor, pianist, teacher, music critic, active in Prague. Deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp on September 8, 1942, where he helped to organize cultural life. Transferred to Auschwitz on October 16, 1944.
				Jewish	Composer, pianist and conductor. Helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp. Died on the death march.
				Jewish	Diarist and writer.
		June 19, 1944		Jewish	Doctor who gained international fame posthumously following the publication of her letters to her five children which she wrote during her imprisonment in the labor camp Breitenau.
		or December 12, 1944		Jewish	First ordained female rabbi in Germany, rabbi at Neue Synagoge in Berlin, killed two months after entering the camp.
				Jewish	Teacher, poet, dramatist; his son Zvi Katzenelson was on the same transport and was killed the same day as Itzhak.
		October 16, 1944		Jewish	Artist, poet and librettist active in Theresienstadt concentration camp (Terezin), died from infectious disease soon after arrival to Auschwitz on October 16. Wife and parents were on same transport and were killed.
			42	Jewish	Hasidic orthodox rabbi, deported to Auschwitz from Drancy internment camp on Convoy No. 12 on July 29, 1942. According to survivor, he was at the camp for one year before his murder by a Kapo on a Shabbat because he refused to work. He was beaten up with a pickax and buried alive. Father of French philosopher Sarah Kofman.^[19]
				Polish	Saint. Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of Polish Army Sergeant Franciszek Gajowniczek, who was a stranger to him.
				Jewish	Writer, used the pen name of Gertrud Kolmar (born Gertrud Käthe Chodziesner).
^[20]					First husband of Stephanie Helbrun (married 1942). Deported to the camp with his wife in December 1943. Threw himself on the electric wire surrounding the camp in 1944.
	November 23, 1887	October 29, 1944	56	Jewish	Rabbi, Czech librarian, and historian of Czech-Jewish culture
			14	Jewish	Teenager who wrote a diary. Her writings were posthumously published. Dubbed the "Polish Anne Frank".
				Jewish	Rabbi. He was deported on Convoy No. 8 to the camp on July 20, 1942.
				Jewish	Painter and student of Henri Matisse.
				Polish	Noble.
		^[21]		Polish	World War I ace; KZ Number 16301.
				Jewish	Arrived at the camp on October 23, 1943, killed after she stabbed SS Oberscharführer Walter Quakernack and then shot SS Oberscharführer Josef Schillinger (died of wounds) and SS Sergeant Emmerich.
				Jewish	Film director and actor and former head of Pathé Film Studios. Arrived at the camp on September 25, 1942, and was killed several weeks later.
^[22] ^[23]				Jewish	Novelist. She was classified as a Jew under the Nazi racial laws, which did not take into account her conversion to Roman Catholicism.
^[24]					Husband of Irène Némirovsky. Arrived on November 6, 1942, and was gassed immediately.
				Polish	Track and field athlete and participant of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Murdered by the camp's SS guard, allegedly for trying to smuggle a letter.
				Jewish	Painter (surrealist). Entire family was eventually killed at the camp at different times, with the exception of one brother, who died from exhaustion at Stutthof in December 1944.
				Estonian	Painter (Fauvist). Unknown circumstances as to why he was sent to Auschwitz. It may have been his sexuality, or possibly because he was aiding the Resistance, or helping hide Jewish friends.^[25]
				Georgian	Saint. Priest, ecclesiastic figure, theologian, historian, Archimandrite, PhD of History, professor.
				Polish	Sculptor and painter. Died of exhaustion in the camp infirmary.^[26]
^[27]				Jewish	Nazi-appointed head of the Judenrat while he lived in the Łódź Ghetto in Poland. He was known to abuse his power, such as by molesting young Jewish women within the ghetto. executed by Jewish Resistance for his actions in the Łódź Ghetto; Family was also killed at the camp.
				Polish	Economist, historian and politician connected with the right-wing National Democracy political camp. Executed by shooting for organizing the resistance movement in the camp.^[28]
				Jewish	Photographer (news).
				Jewish	Painter. Was transported to the camp on May 18, 1944, and was killed soon afterwards.
				Jewish	Painter. Killed with his wife Else Berg.
				Jewish	Psychologist and professor, formulated the first nonassociationist theory of thinking, in 1913.^[29] ^[30] ^[31] Was transported to the camp on August 24, 1943.
			76	Jewish	Known Bjelovar industrialist.^[32] ^[33]
Ludmila Slavíková	1890	1943	53	Czech	Mineralogist
				German	Saint. Philosopher and nun. Born into a Jewish family, considered a "Catholic Jew" (of Jewish heritage, but baptized and practiced Catholicism, considered Jewish by Nazi racial laws).^[34]
^[35]				Jewish	Composer, conductor and pianist. From Galicia, active in Prague. Taube, his wife Erika and their child were deported from Prague to Theresienstadt concentration camp on December 10, 1941. They were deported to Auschwitz on October 1, 1944, where all three were killed immediately.
			30	Jewish	Wife of Carlo Taube.
^[36]				Polish	Automobile engineer and the designer of the first Polish serially-built automobile, the CWS T-1. Arrested on July 3, 1940, and sent to the camp.
^[37]				Jewish	Father of Gisella Perl. Brought his prayer book into the gas chamber.
^[38]			36	Jewish	Husband of Anna Dresden-Polak and father of Eva Dresden, both of whom were killed at Sobibor on July 23, 1943.
					Smuggled gunpowder into the camp to help the Sonderkommando blow up Crematorium IV during an October 7, 1944 revolt. Tortured and eventually executed by hanging along with her three conspirators, the last public hanging at Auschwitz.
^[39]				Jewish	Daughter of Han Hollander and Leentje Hollander-Smeer, both of whom were killed at Sobibor on July 9, 1943.
	or 1877		64	Polish	Noble.
				Polish	Right-wing politician, director of the nationalist organization All-Polish Youth and member of political party National Radical Camp. Killed for helping Jews in the camp.
				Jewish	Football (soccer) player and manager.
			39	Jewish	Mother of Elie Wiesel. Gassed immediately.
				Jewish	Younger sister of Elie Wiesel. Gassed immediately with her mother
				Jewish	Deported to the camp on Transport #10 on September 15, 1942. Inmate #19880. Her proficiency in several languages allowed her to work as an interpreter in the camp. Publicly executed at the camp after an escape attempt, with her lover, Edward Galiński.
				Polish	Publicly executed at the camp after an escape attempt, with his lover, Mala Zimetbaum.
^[40]				Jewish (American)	American soccer right winger (AFC Ajax).
				Jewish	Wife of Anton Stallbaumer; both were members of the Austrian Resistance.^[41]
				Jewish	German-born French cartoonist of Jewish descent; detained in the Gurs internment camp in Vichy France on 28 October 1940; transferred to Auschwitz on 11 September 1942 and executed on the same day; best known for his comic book Mickey au Camp de Gurs he created while held in Gurs.

• Hedwig Dulberg (7 January 1894 – 1944), German artist
• Simon Okker (1 June 1881 – 6 March 1944), Dutch Olympic fencer.
• Lion van Minden (10 June 1880 – 6 September 1944), Dutch Olympic fencer.
• Max Scheuer, Jewish Austrian footballer.^{[42] [43]}
• Rosette Wolczak, (1928-1943), died in KZ Auschwitz

Survivors

Name		Born	Died	Age	Ethnicity	Imprisoned	Notability
	A27633		Alive		Jewish		Friedman is among the youngest people to survive the Nazi Holocaust^[44]
					Jewish	– January 1945	Dancer who trained in Prague. Left Auschwitz on a forced march to Stutthof concentration camp in January 1945.^[45]
					Jewish		Author
	4427				Polish	– April 8, 1941	Member of Armia Krajowa. Released from camp due to actions by Polish Red Cross. Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland (twice) after 1989.
					Polish	–late 1944	Writer. Transferred to Natzweiler-Struthof, then to Dachau concentration camp; committed suicide after the war.
			January 11, 2019		Jewish	– January 18, 1945	Plumber. Sent on the death march; escaped when a Soviet tank blew a hole in the building he was in. His mother, father and sister Hana were gassed at the camp.
^[46] ^[47] ^[48]					Jewish	– January 17, 1945	University professor. His mother and father were killed during the Holocaust. Sent on the death march.
			alive		Jewish	– January 18, 1945	Artist. Sent on the death march. His father was gassed in June 1944; his mother and his sister Hanna were deported to Stutthof concentration camp, where they died a few weeks before its liberation.
			alive		Jewish	– January, 1945	Carpenter. His brother was gassed in December 1943. His parents were tortured to death during the Holocaust.^[49]
	45554			98	Jewish	– January 1945	Kindergarten teacher, psychologist, author. Worked in camp infirmary and in the "Canada" commando. Survived death march to Ravensbrück and Malchow concentration camps in January 1945, and death march to Lübz, where she was liberated on May 2, 1945.^[50]
^[51]	182,568				Jewish (Greece)	– January 18, 1945	Member of Sonderkommando. Family was killed at the camp. Sent on the death march.
	243	28 March 1921	October 20, 2011	90	Polish		Political prisoner. Suffered hanging torture (arms hung behind back).
	121				Polish	– January 18, 1945	Political prisoner. About every 1 weeks, he was ordered to cut the hair of the camp's commanding officer, Rudolf Höss. Personally witnessed gassings from nearby.
	918				Polish	– June 20, 1942	Imprisoned because the boy scouts were labeled a criminal organization. Deported to camp on second transport from Tarnów. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz I along with 3 other prisoners.^[52] ^[53]
	6438	January 1, 1921	July 12, 1943	22	Polish	–	Veteran of Invasion of Poland in rank of first lieutenant, from Warsaw. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz.
	3419				Polish	–	Priest, from Wadowice. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz.
	8502	1 January 1921	7 July 1988	67	Ukrainian	–	Auto mechanic, from Chortkiv. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz.
	1327				Polish	– January 18, 1945	Political prisoner. Sent on the death march.
					Polish		Political prisoner.
					Russian		Prisoner of war.
					Polish		Political prisoner.
					Jewish		Deported from holding camp near Bratislava.
	27903				Jewish	– January 1945	Psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and author who served as a "haftling" doctor in the Auschwitz main camp. He coined the phrase 'concentration camp syndrome', now more generally referred to as 'survivor's guilt' and 'post-traumatic stress disorder'.^[54] His memoir, ‘Last Stop Auschwitz’ is the only survivor testimony written in Auschwitz.
					Jewish
					Jewish		From Trnava. Forced to dig mass graves and exhume corpses. His mother and father were killed at the camp.
^[55]					Jewish		Worked in the "Canada" sector of the camp. Witnessed rapes of women by the camp's officers.
		26 August 1922	4 June 2007	84	Jewish	26 March 1942 - January 27, 1945	Worked in the "Canada" sector of the camp. An SS officer, Franz Wunch, fell in love with her. As a result, Wunch would later save Helena's sister from the gas chambers, although her sister's son and daughter could not be saved.
					Polish		Political prisoner. Served as a waiter at the SS canteen in the camp.
					Jewish		Witnessed crimes committed by Irma Grese.
^[56]	A7063				Jewish	– January 27, 1945	One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Both of her parents and two older sisters were killed at the camp; only Miriam and herself survived. Founder of CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center.
	A7064				Jewish	– January 27, 1945	Eva's twin sister. One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Mengele injected Miriam with a chemical that stopped the growth of her kidneys; later, Eva donated one of her kidneys.
	A27700		alive		Jewish (Polish)	– May 8, 1945	One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Sent on the death march with her twin sister Miriam (A27725).
							One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments.
							One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments.
							One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments.
					Jewish		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments.
^[57]					Jewish		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Berettyóújfalu. Emigrated to United States in 1947, name changed to "George".
					Jewish		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Berettyóújfalu. Emigrated to United States in 1947, name changed to "Leslie".
^[58]	A-2459		alive		Jewish	– January 27, 1945	One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Known at the camp as "Josef "Peipchek" Klineman". Born in Prague.
	A-4931				Jewish	– January 27, 1945	Peter's twin. One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Prague.
^[59]	A-5723	or 1924		40	Jewish	– January 1945	One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Turţ. First deported to Vynohradiv ghetto on April 14, 1944.
	A-5724	or 1924		71	Jewish	– January 1945	One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Turţ. First deported to Vynohradiv ghetto on April 14, 1944.
^[60]	A-17454		alive		Jewish	– January 27, 1945	One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Pécs. Their mother and older sister (14 years) were gassed at Auschwitz at arrival.
	A-17455		alive		Jewish	– January 27, 1945	One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Pécs.
			alive		Jewish	– January 18, 1945	One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Subotica, lived in Prague until 1939. Escaped on the death march. Their parents and sister were killed in various camps.
			alive		Jewish	– January 18, 1945	One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Subotica, lived in Prague until 1939. Escaped on the death march.
							Met Annetta Helbrun when both were assigned to a commando loading corpses. Later married Annetta in 1948.
		1915	1993	78		–	Assigned to supervise twins used in the medical experiments of Josef Mengele. Saved children from the gas chamber on several occasions. After the camp's liberation, he took 157 Mengele twins and homeless children to safety in Hungary. 29 years old in 1944.
					Jewish	– January 18, 1945	Prisoner, and doctor (pathologist) who served Josef Mengele. Sent on the death march.
					Polish		Political prisoner.
^[61]		22 January 1923	17 July 2008	80	Polish		Political prisoner.
		1920	alive		Jewish
					Jewish		Deported from Sárvár. Abstract painter.
					Jewish	– ?	Part of the Sonderkommando.
		1927	2012	85	Romanian		Survived because he was transferred to another camp. His mother was killed at the camp.
		March 20, 1924	alive		Polish		Political prisoner.
	181970				Jewish	– January 18, 1945	Part of Sonderkommando. Fled on a death march.
		October 24, 1924			Jewish
					Jewish	– October 1944	From Hamburg. Deported to Łódź Ghetto on October 26, 1941, where she was molested by Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski. Remained there for two years until deported to Auschwitz. Transferred to Neuengamme concentration camp.
	4859				Polish	– April 26, 1943	Soldier and secret agent ("Tomasz Serafiński"). He volunteered to be imprisoned at Auschwitz (the only person known to do so) for a Polish resistance operation in order to gather intelligence and escape. As the author of the Witold's report, the first intelligence report on Auschwitz, his operation enabled the Polish government-in-exile to convince the Allies that the Holocaust was taking place. Later executed by communists.
	A-7713				Jewish	– January 1945	Writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Peace Prize winner (1986). His mother and younger sister are gassed immediately. Transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp, where Wiesel's father, Shlomo, was beaten^[62] and killed.^[63] Two older sisters, Hilda and Beatrice, survive.
^[64]		April 13, 1924	alive		Jewish		Her sister was killed at the camp during medical experiments.
^[65] ^[66]					Jewish		Lawyer, writer. His parents and younger sister Frieda were killed during the war. Transferred to Dachau concentration camp. Escaped during a death march.
^[67]					Jewish		Conductor. Josef Mengele was about to send Ančerl to the gas chamber, but a weakened Pavel Haas, who stood next to him, began to cough and the death sentence was therefore chosen for him instead. Helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp.
^[68]	25404				Jewish		Gynecologist. Forced to be an inmate doctor. Saved the lives of hundreds of pregnant women by aborting their pregnancies (pregnant women were often killed for experiments by Josef Mengele). Wrote one of the earliest first-person accounts of life in Auschwitz in her 1948 book, I Was a Doctor in Auschwitz.
^[69]	44070				Jewish	– April 7, 1944	Scientist. Escaped from the camp. Co-author of the Vrba-Wetzler report, delivered to the Allies, which saved the lives of an estimated 120 to 200 thousand Jews. Testified against Adolf Eichmann at Eichmann's trial.
	608			90	Polish	– November 1940	Polish-Catholic soldier punished as an eleventh for escape of Tadeusz Wiejowski, survived.
	29162				Jewish	– April 7, 1944	Escaped from the camp. Co-author of the Vrba-Wetzler report, delivered to the Allies, which saved the lives of an estimated 120 to 200 thousand Jews.
^[70]							Served under Josef Mengele as his subject, witnessing many of Mengele's human medical experiments.
					Polish (non-Jewish)^[71]		Author of the autobiographical novel Anus Mundi: 5 Years in Auschwitz.
	174517				Jewish (Italian)	– January 18, 1945	Was an Italian Jewish chemist and writer. He was the author of several books, novels, collections of short stories, essays, and poems.
			February or March 1945	15	Jewish (German)	– October 28, 1944	Teenage diarist from Amsterdam, held 7 weeks at Auschwitz, transferred to Bergen-Belsen where she died of Typhus.
					Jewish (German)	– January 1945	Author of Vanished in Darkness – An Auschwitz Memoir.
	88				Polish	– November 7, 1944	Immortalized in the book Prisoner 88: The Man in Stripes.
					Jewish		Human rights champion, former judge of the International Court of Justice, author of A Lucky Child, interned at Auschwitz-Birkenau and Sachsenhausen.
	62933				Polish	– ?	Later Prime Minister of Poland and Chairman of the Polish Council of State.
	135633				Jewish		Writer.
					French		French surrealist poet. Died of typhoid in Theresienstadt.
	32407		October 31, 2006	90	Jewish	April 23, 1942 –	Camp Tätowierer (tattooist)

• Lucie Adelsberger (1895–1971), German-Jewish physician
• Leo Bretholz (March 6, 1921 – March 8, 2014), Austrian Jew who escaped from train en route, author of Leap into Darkness (1998).
• Tadeusz Debski (1921–2011), Polish survivor, oldest person to receive a doctorate degree at University of Illinois at Chicago
• Laure Diebold (10 January 1915 – 17 October 1965), French resistant, Compagnon de la Libération.
• Xawery Dunikowski (24 December 1875 – 26 January 1964), Polish sculptor and artist, best known for his Neo-Romantic sculptures and Auschwitz-inspired art.
• Kurt Epstein (January 29, 1904 – February 1, 1975), Czechoslovak Jewish Olympic water polo competitor
• Hans Frankenthal (July 15, 1926 – December 22, 1999), German-Jewish author.
• Viktor Frankl (26 March 1905 – 2 September 1997), Austrian-Jewish neurologist and psychiatrist.
• Hédi Fried (15 June 1924 – 20 November 2022) Hungarian-Jewish (from Sighet), author of The Road to Auschwitz: Fragments of a Life.
• Franciszek Gajowniczek (15 November 1901 – 13 March 1995), Polish Army Sergeant whose life was spared when Maximilian Kolbe took his place. Survived and died in 1995.
• Józef Garliński, Polish best-selling writer who wrote numerous books in both English and Polish on Auschwitz and World War II, including the best selling 'Fighting Auschwitz'. Survived and died in 2005.
• Leon Greenman (18 December 1910 – 7 March 2008), British anti-fascism campaigner. Survived and died in 2008. Author of An Englishman in Auschwitz.
• Nicholas (Miklós) Hammer,(1920-2003), Hungarian-born Jew, who was placed in Auschwitz I block 6 and worked in the Kanada I section. Subject of the biography Sacred Games by Gerald Jacobs. Unusual as he was in labour, concentration and death camps before being liberated.
• Magda Hellinger
• Magda Herzberger (February 20, 1926 – April 23, 2021), Romanian-Jewish author and poet.
• Philomena Franz (1922 - 2022), Sinti writer and activist
• Joseph Friedenson (1922–2013), Polish-Jewish (from Łódź), editor of Dos Yiddishe Vort.
• František Getreuer (1906–1945), Czech swimmer and Olympic water polo player, killed in Dachau concentration camp
• Hugo Gryn (25 June 1930 – 18 August 1996), senior rabbi, London.
• Adélaïde Hautval (1 January 1906 – 17 October 1988), French psychiatrist who refused to cooperate with medical experimentation at Auschwitz.^[72]
• Stefan Jaracz (24 December 1883 – 11 August 1945), Polish actor and theater director who survived camp but died of tuberculosis in 1945.
• Imre Kertész (9 November 1929 – 31 March 2016) Hungarian writer, Nobel Laureate in Literature for 2002.
• Stanisław Kętrzyński (10 September 1878– 26 May 1950) Polish historian and diplomat.
• Gertrude "Traute" Kleinová (August 13, 1918 – April 9, 1976), Czechoslovak Jew, 3-time table tennis world champion.
• Antoni Kocjan (12 August 1902 – 13 August 1944), Polish glider constructor and a contributor to the intelligence services of the Polish Home Army. Murdered by Gestapo in 1944.
• Rena Kornreich Gelissen (24 August 1920 – 8 August 2006), Polish-Jewish (born in Tyliczi), author of Rena's Promise: A Story of Sisters in Auschwitz, survived.
• Zofia Kossak-Szczucka (10 August 1889 – 9 April 1968), Polish writer and World War II resistance fighter, co-founder the wartime Polish organization Żegota. Released through the efforts of the Polish underground.
• Henri Landwirth (March 7, 1927 – April 16, 2018), Belgian philanthropist and founder of Give Kids the World (survived).
• Joel Lebowitz (born May 10, 1930), Mathematical Physicist. Survived. Honors include the Boltzmann Medal, Henri Poincaré Prize, and Max Planck Medal.
• Olga Lengyel (19 October 1908 – 15 April 2001), Hungarian-Jewish author of Five Chimneys (1946), survived.
• Curt Lowens (17 November 1925 – 8 May 2017), German-Jewish actor and resistant, survived.
• Arnošt Lustig (21 December 1926 – 26 February 2011), Czechoslovak and later Czech Jewish writer and novelist, the Holocaust is his lifelong theme, survived.
• Branko Lustig (10 June 1932 – 14 November 2019), Croatian-American film producer.^[73]
• Edward Mosberg (1926-2022), Polish-American Holocaust survivor, educator, and philanthropist
• Filip Müller (1922–2013) inmate no. 29236, survivor and author of Eyewitness Auschwitz: Three Years in the Gas Chambers (1979).
• Alfred "Artem" Nakache (1915 – 1983), French swimmer, world record (200-m breaststroke), one-third of French 2x world record (3x100 relay team), imprisoned in Auschwitz, where his wife and daughter were killed.
• Igor Newerly (1903–1987), Polish novelist and educator.
• Bernard Offen (born 1929), Polish documentary filmmaker working in Poland and the United States to create Second Generation Witnesses.
• Ignacy Oziewicz (1887–1966), Polish army officer, first commandant of Narodowe Sily Zbrojne
• Lev Rebet (1912–1957) Ukrainian nationalist ideologist.
• Bernat Rosner (born 1932), Hungarian-Jewish lawyer, co-author of An uncommon friendship. Survived.
• Vladek Spiegelman (1906–1982) Father of Art Spiegelman, author of Maus. Vladek Spiegelmann was the central character in Maus.
• Anja Spiegelman, (1912–1968), Mother of Art Spiegelman, author of Maus.
• Józef Szajna (1922–2008) Polish scenery designer, stage director, playwright, theoretician of the theatre, painter and graphic artist.
• Leon Schiller, (1887–1954), Polish theater and film director, critic and theoretician. He was also a composer and wrote theater and radio screenplays.
• Sigmund Strochlitz (1916–2006), Polish-American activist, confidant of Eli Wiesel, and served on the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council (1978–86)
• Menachem Mendel Taub (1923–2019), rabbi of Kaliv.
• Jack Tramiel (1928-2012), Polish-born businessman, founder of Commodore International. Rescued by the U.S. Army in April 1945.
• Rose Van Thyn (1921–2010), Auschwitz and Ravensbrueck survivor who directed Holocaust education activities in her adopted city of Shreveport, Louisiana.
• Simone Veil, née Simone Annie Jacob (1927-2017), French politician, survived.
• Shlomo Venezia (1923–2012), Greek-Jewish (born in Thessaloniki), author of Inside the Gas Chambers: Eight Months in the Sonderkommando of Auschwitz, survived.
• Rose Warfman (née Gluck) (1916–2016), French nurse, member of the French Resistance.
• Stanislaw Wygodzki (1923–2012), Polish-Jewish author, survived.

See also

• List of victims of Nazism

Bibliography

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Notes and References

1. Book: Schaffer. Kay. The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. Smith. Sidonie. Rutgers University Press. 2000. 978-0-8135-2820-5. 60–62.
2. [Jascha Nemtsov]
3. Book: Gilbert, Martin. The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust. Psychology Press. 2002. 978-0-415-28145-4. 10. Martin Gilbert.
4. Book: Stagg Peterson. Shelley. Good Books Matter. Swartz. Larry. Pembroke Publishers Limited. 2008. 978-1-55138-232-6. 145.
5. Web site: Rudolf Brumlík | Databáze obětí | Holocaust.
6. News: Film o tragičnom usudu dječje zvijezde . . hr . Nina Ožegović . A film about tragic fate of a child star . 11 September 2006 . 7 July 2012 . 27 May 2012 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120527135433/http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/27554/film-o-tragicnom-usudu-djecje-zvijezde .
7. [Saul Friedländer|Friedländer, Saul]
8. Feiner, Hertha. Before Deportation: Letters from a Mother to Her Daughters, January 1939 – December 1942, ed. Karl Heinz Jahnke (Evanston, IL 1999), pp. 27–28.
9. Daniel, Paul. "Destinul unui poet" and "Tabla ilustraţiilor". p.638
10. News: Treba li povući tužbu za genocid?. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. www.danas.org. hr.
11. Moj otac . . . . hr . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721101335/http://www.matica.hr/Kolo/kolo2006_1.nsf/AllWebDocs/goldstein . 2011-07-21 .
12. https://www.filmthreat.com/index.php?section=features&Id=1894&archive=Date&match=0&page=5 Film review of "The Führer Gives a City to the Jews
13. Web site: Dorothea Sluizer-Gerson . Joods Monument . July 19, 2011.
14. [Anna Heilman|Heilman, Anna]
15. [Leni Yahil|Yahil, Leni]
16. Yahil, Leni (1987). The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945, p. 486. Oxford University Press.
17. Matějková, J. Hugo Haas. Život je pes Prague: Nakladatelství XYZ, 2005., page 137
18. Milka Babović: Učiteljica tjelovježbe Ivana Hirschmann; Zagreb, moj grad; November 2007, No. 8; pp. 23 - 25.
19. Kofman, 1996, p. 9-10.
20. Web site: Survivors . CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center . July 19, 2011.
21. Макиенок Донат Адамович
22. News: Early glimpses of Némirovsky's talent . International Herald Tribune . March 29, 2009 . July 19, 2011.
23. Cohen, P. (2010) Assessing Jewish Identity of Author Killed by Nazis, The New York Times, April 25.
24. Suite Française (Vintage Books, New York, 2007,) Appendix II, translator's note.
25. http://www.sirp.ee/archive/2003/02.05.03/Kunst/kunst1-1.html Kunst: Müstiline Karl Pärsimägi.
26. Web site: Marcin Rożek 08.11.1885 – 19.05.1944. 4 June 2019. Muzeum Regionalne w Wolsztynie. 9 November 2021. pl.
27. BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 2, Orders and Initiatives.
28. Wapiński 1980, 259.
29. http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1881/february_14_1881_60266.html Otto Selz, German psychologist February 14 in History
30. http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1943/august_27_1943_102971.html Otto Selz, German psychologist (In Auschwitz), dies August 27 in History
31. Web site: osi – Otto Selz . Universitaet Mannheim . July 19, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110719105552/http://www.osi.uni-mannheim.de/otto_selz/index.html . July 19, 2011 . dead .
32. Mira Kolar-Dimitrijević: Pretvaranje Bjelovara iz vojničkoga u privredno središte od 1871. do 1910. godine.: stranica 44: Bjelovar: 16 svibanj 2007.
33. News: Lavoslav Singer. Yad Vashem. Pages of testimony by Yaakov Harel (relative).
34. [Saul Friedländer|Friedländer, Saul]
35. Book: Karas, Joža. Joža Karas. Music in Terezín, 1941–1945. 1990. Pendragon Press. 978-0-918728-34-0. 127.
36. Lucyna Smolińska, Mieczysław Sroka "Wielcy znani i nieznani" Wydawnictwa Radia i Telewizji, Warsaw 1988.
37. Brozan, Nadine. Out of Death, a Zest for Life. New York Times, November 15, 1982
38. Book: Yogi Mayer, Paul . Jews and the Olympic Games. 2004. Vallentine Mitchell. 978-0-85303-451-3. 238.
39. Web site: Froukje Esther Waterman-Hollander . Joods Monument . March 28, 2011 . July 19, 2011.
40. Book: Brilliant orange: the neurotic genius of Dutch soccer. David Winner. Overlook Press. 1-58567-258-0 . 2002 . December 24, 2010.
41. "Rosa Stallbaumer," in 124 Victims of the Resistance: Short Biographies, in The Eduard-Wallnöfer-Platz in Innsbruck. Bregenz, Austria: Verein Nationalsozialismus und Holocaust: Gedächtnis und Gegenwart (Association National Socialism and the Holocaust: Memory and Present), retrieved online April 6, 2018.
42. David Bolchover (2017). The Greatest Comeback: From Genocide To Football Glory; The Story of Béla Guttman
43. Web site: Hakoah Wien and Muscular Judaism. Conor. Heffernan. November 20, 2014. Physical Culture Study.
44. Web site: Kinderlager: Reflections of a Child Holocaust Survivor . . . 29 January 2018.
45. Web site: Helen Lewis. Stutthof Concentration Camp: topic, pictures and information. Fold3 by Ancestry. 22 April 2015.
46. News: Preživio sam Auschwitz, majka i otac nisu. Deutsche Welle. Goran Prokopec. hr.
47. News: Sjećanje na holokaust: Prof. Boris Braun - električar bodljikave žice. Novi list. Bojana Mrvoš Pavić. hr.
48. News: Razgovor s Borisom Braunom. Autonomni Kulturni Centar »Medika«. hr.
49. Web site: Holocaust Survivors . 15 November 2016.
50. Web site: Torchlighters 2012: Bat-Sheva Dagan. Yad Vashem. 2016. 15 November 2016.
51. BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 1, Surprising Beginnings.
52. Auschwitz chronicle 1939–1945 By Danuta Czech Publisher: I B Tauris & Co Ltd (November 1990)
53. Web site: Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum: The Film about the Amazing Escape from Auschwitz . auschwitz.org.pl . January 13, 2009 . July 19, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110522044837/http://en.auschwitz.org.pl/m/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=578&Itemid=8 . May 22, 2011 .
54. Jarosław Sak . Magdalena Suchodolska . 10.1007/s00415-020-09922-0 . free . Eliazar de Wind (1916–1987) . Journal of Neurology . 2020. 268 . 6 . 2297–2298 . 32447553 . 8179886 .
55. BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 4, Corruption.
56. [Forgiving Dr. Mengele]
57. Web site: Survivors . CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center . January 29, 1985 . July 19, 2011.
58. Web site: Survivors . CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center . July 19, 2011.
59. Web site: Survivors . CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center . July 19, 2011.
60. Web site: Survivors . CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center . July 19, 2011.
61. BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 5, Murder and Intrigue.
62. News: The Story of 'Night' . The New York Times . Rachel . Donadio . January 20, 2008.
63. see the film "Elie Wiesel Goes Home" by Judit Elek, narrated by William Hurt
64. [The Last Days]
65. News: Hitron . Haggai . Wrestling with God . Haaretz . July 19, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100202225139/http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasen/spages/1089496.html . February 2, 2010 .
66. [Forgiving Dr. Mengele]
67. Matějková, J (2005). Hugo Haas. Život je pes Prague: Nakladatelství XYZ. p. 137.
68. [Out of the Ashes (2003 film)|Out of the Ashes]
69. Secrets of the Dead: Escape from Auschwitz (PBS, 2008).
70. Web site: Dr. Josef Mengele, ruthless Nazi concentration camp doctor - The Crime Library . Crimelibrary.com . March 1, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080410044103/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/history/mengele/research_5.html . April 10, 2008 .
71. Web site: Life in the Death Camp. Webster, Richard. https://web.archive.org/web/20021121210618/http://www.richardwebster.net/lifeinthedeathcamp.html. usurped. November 21, 2002. RichardWebster.net. 2012.
72. Encyclopedia: Hautval, Adelaide (1906–1988). Haag. John. . 7 June 2020.
73. Web site: Berlin: Auschwitz Survivor and Oscar Winner Branko Lustig Talks Forgiveness. The Hollywood Reporter. February 12, 2014. 2015-01-19.