List of unrecovered and unusable flight recorders explained

Flight data recorders (FDRs) and cockpit voice recorders (CVRs) in commercial aircraft continuously record information and can provide key evidence in determining the causes of an aircraft loss. The greatest depth from which a flight recorder has been recovered is 16000feet, for the CVR of South African Airways Flight 295. Most flight recorders are equipped with underwater locator beacons to assist searchers in recovering them from offshore crash sites, however these beacons run off a battery and eventually stop transmitting. For various reasons, a flight recorder cannot always be recovered, and many recorders that are recovered are too damaged to provide any data.

Crash date	Flight	Airline	Plane	Presumed location	Broad cause	Notes
1961-09-17	706	Northwest Airlines	Lockheed L-188 Electra	O'Hare International Airport	Accident	FDR destroyed by the impact.^[1]
1965-08-16	389	United Airlines	Boeing 727-22	Lake Michigan, off Chicago, Illinois	Accident	FDR fragmented by the impact; parts of the outer cover were found but the foil tape containing the data was not.^[2]
1966-03-05	911	British Overseas Airways Corporation	Boeing 707-436		Accident	FDR destroyed by post-impact fire. The airplane was not required to carry a CVR.
1966-04-22	280/D	American Flyers Airline	Lockheed L-188 Electra	Ardmore Municipal Airport	Accident	FDR stopped recording mid-flight. The airplane was not required to carry a CVR.^[3]
1966-08-06	250	Braniff International Airways	BAC 1-11-203AE	Richardson County, Nebraska	Accident	FDR destroyed in the crash.^[4]
1966-10-01	956	West Coast Airlines	DC-9-14		Accident	CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1966-11-15	708	Pan American World Airways	Boeing 727-21	Near Dallgow in former East Germany	Probable Accident	The plane crashed in Soviet territory; only half of the wreckage was relinquished by Soviet authorities. The fate of the CVR and FDR is unknown.
1969-09-21	801	Mexicana de Aviación	Boeing 727-100	Near Benito Juárez International Airport in Mexico City	Probable Accident	Plane crashed on final approach; FDR yielded no data as it was improperly installed by technicians two days prior. CVR was removed and never replaced.^[5]
1970-02-05	603	Dominicana de Aviación	Douglas DC-9-32	Caribbean Sea, near Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic	Accident	Neither flight recorder was ever found.^[6]
1970-05-02	980	ALM	Douglas DC-9-33CF	Caribbean Sea	Accident	Resting in 5000feet of water; neither recorder found.^[7]
1971-06-06	706	Hughes Airwest	DC-9-31		Accident	CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1971-07-30	845	Pan American World Airways	Boeing 747-121	San Francisco International Airport	Accident	CVR overwritten.^[8]
1972-06-29	290	North Central Airlines	Convair CV-580	Lake Winnebago, near Appleton, Wisconsin	Accident	One of two aircraft involved in the 1972 Lake Winnebago mid-air collision. An estimated 50% to 60% of the wreckage was recovered from the shallow, muddy water. FDR found in good condition; CVR not found.
1972-12-08	553	United Airlines	Boeing 737-222	Near Midway International Airport	Accident	The FDR was inoperative due to a mechanical malfunction.^[9]
1973-07-22	816	Pan American World Airways	Boeing 707-321B	Pacific Ocean, off Papeete, Tahiti	Accident	Resting in 700m (2,300feet) of water; neither recorder found.
1973-08-28	742	Trans World Airlines	Boeing 707-331B	Pacific Ocean near Los Angeles	Accident	CVR overwritten.^[10]
1974-09-08	841	Trans World Airlines	Boeing 707-331B	Ionian Sea, near Greece	Bomb	By the time the main wreckage was located, conclusive evidence of a bomb explosion had been found, and it was decided that whatever additional information the recorders held would not justify the cost and difficulty of recovering them. Neither of the recorders were ever found.
1974-12-04	138	Martinair	Douglas DC-8	Maskeliya, Sri Lanka	Accident	FDR completely disintegrated by impact. Small fragments of the foil tape from the unit were recovered from the crash site, but all of the fragments were from the supply spool of the recorder, and thus did not contain any flight data. The aircraft did not carry a CVR.
1975-09-30	240	Malév	Tupolev Tu-154	near the Lebanese shoreline	Unknown	Resting in between 600and of water; neither recorder found.^[11]
1975-11-12	032	Overseas National Airways	McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF	John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City	Accident	CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1976-04-05	60	Alaska Airlines	Boeing 727-81	Ketchikan International Airport, Ketchikan, Alaska	Accident	CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.^[12]
1976-08-15	232	SAETA	Vickers Viscount 785D	Chimborazo volcano, Ecuador	Accident	Speculation surrounding the existence of both the FDR and the CVR followed the discovery of the plane's remains in 2002, after being lost for 26 years. Civil aviation authorities claimed it didn't carry any device, but a former SAETA pilot claimed that the Viscount carried at least the FDR. A former SAETA executive also claimed that the plane was acquired with both devices. In the end, due to the crash site's high altitude, harsh weather, and inaccessible and remote location, it was declared a holy field (de facto and de jure graveyard) and no investigation was made into the causes of the crash.^[13]
1976-10-13	N730JP	Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano	Boeing 707-131F	El Trompillo Airport, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia	Accident	The FDR was inoperative at the time of the accident. The CVR's cockpit area microphone was inoperative and did not record any useful information as a result.^[14]
1977-09-02	3751	Transmeridian Air Cargo	Canadair CL-44	2.5 Nautical Miles east of Waglan Island	Accident	Recovery was hampered by bad weather and poor visibility. Undersea cables in the area precluded the use of dredging equipment, making salvage operations very difficult. Only 25% of the wreckage was recovered after an extensive effort; the CVR and FDR were not found.
1977-12-18	730	SA de Transport Aérien	Sud Aviation Caravelle	4 kilometers southeast of Funchal Airport, Portugal	Accident	Aircraft was located but largely not recovered from the sea, it was not stated in the accident report which types of flight recorders were carried, only that none were recovered.^[15]
1977-12-18	2860	United Airlines	Douglas DC-8F-54	Near Kaysville, Utah	Accident	The CVR was inoperative at the time of the accident.^[16]
1978-03-01	603	Continental Airlines	McDonnell Douglas DC-10	Los Angeles International Airport	Accident	The CVR was inoperative at the time of the accident.^[17]
1979-01-30	967	Varig	Boeing 707-323C	Pacific Ocean, around 200 kilometers East Northeast from Tokyo, Japan	Unknown	The aircraft debris was never located and thus, neither the CVR and FDR was found and the cause of the crash was never determined.^[18]
1979-05-25	191	American Airlines	McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10	Des Plaines, Illinois	Accident	The separation of engine one caused the cockpit voice recorder to cut off and lose power one second later, causing the last 31 seconds of the crash to not be recorded.^[19]
1980-03-14	007	LOT Polish Airlines	Ilyushin Il-62	Warsaw, Polish People's Republic	Accident	Both flight recorders found, however the CVR stopped working 26 seconds before the crash.
1980-12-23	162	Saudia	Lockheed L-1011 Tristar	Over the Gulf of Bahrain	Accident	The CVR was overwritten and only contained conversations after the emergency landing. The FDR malfunctioned and recorded erroneous data.
1981-05-07	901	Austral Líneas Aéreas	BAC One-Eleven	Río de la Plata, near Buenos Aires, Argentina	Accident	Neither flight recorder was ever found.^[20]
1981-05-24	HC-BHG/FAE-723	Ecuadorian Air Force flight, in behalf of the Ecuadorian Government	Beechcraft Super King Air	Huairapungo Hill, Loja Province, Ecuador	Accident (officially)	The existence, and possible whereabouts, of the CVR and/or FDR has been disputed. High-ranking Air Force officers stated to a 1992 inquiry by the Congress of Ecuador that the black box equipment wasn't acquired with the plane because it was considered "optional." The acquisition expedient did not show that either device was acquired, and Beechcraft claimed that it had no record of selling or providing either device. In spite of this, and that, at least officially, none was found at the crash site, the possibility that black boxes existed has been speculated on. The head of the 1992 parliamentary inquiry criticized the Ecuadorian armed forces for cordoning off the area and removing debris without any judicial process or security protocols.^[21]
1983-01-11	2885	United Airlines	Douglas DC-8F-54	Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Romulus, Michigan	Accident	The FDR malfunctioned during the accident.^[22]
1982-09-13	995	Spantax	McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF	Málaga Airport, Málaga, Spain	Accident	CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1985-01-01	980	Eastern Air Lines	Boeing 727-225	25nmi from La Paz at the 19600feet level of Andean peak Mt. Illimani.	Accident	Due to the extreme high altitude and inaccessibility of the accident location, the FDR and CVR could not be recovered.^[23] A team of three mountain climbers attempted to find the recorders in 2016, recovering part of the recorder mounting rack and a magnetic tape which they believed may have come from the CVR.^[24] The NTSB determined that the tape was not from a flight recorder.^[25]
1985-01-21	203	Galaxy Airlines	Lockheed L-188 Electra	Near Cannon International Airport, Reno, Nevada	Accident	The FDR was inoperative at the time of the accident.^[26]
1985-02-19	006	China Airlines	Boeing 747SP-09	Pacific Ocean, near San Francisco, California, United States	Accident	CVR data overwritten due to the aircraft being repaired and returned to service.^[27]
1985-07-10	5143	Aeroflot	Tupolev Tu-154B-2	Uchkuduk, Uzbekistan (formerly Uzbek SSR)	Accident	CVR completely destroyed by impact, explosion, and post-crash fire.
1985-12-12	1285R	Arrow Air	Douglas DC-8-63CF	Gander International Airport, Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada	Accident	The CVR was unusable as its cockpit area microphone was inoperative at the time of the accident and did not record any information.^[28]
1987-11-28	295	South African Airways	Boeing 747-244B Combi	Indian Ocean, near Mauritius	In-Flight Fire	CVR located at a depth of 4900m (16,100feet), but the quality of the audio was very poor and only the last 30 minutes were recorded. In that, much of the conversation was unknown and the tape stopped when the emergency began, possibly due to the fire burning the wires to the CVR. FDR not found.
1987-11-29	858	Korean Air	Boeing 707-3B5C	Andaman Sea	Bomb	Neither flight recorder was ever found.^[29]
1988-07-03	655	Iran Air	Airbus A300	Persian Gulf	Shot Down	Neither flight recorder was ever found.^[30]
1989-03-10	1363	Air Ontario	Fokker F28-1000	Dryden Regional Airport, Dryden, Ontario	Accident	CVR and FDR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1989-09-08	394	Partnair	Convair CV-580	Sea, near Copenhagen, Denmark	Accident	Both recorders found, CVR stopped working before takeoff, FDR yielded distorted data.
1990-01-25	052	Avianca	Boeing 707	Cove Neck, New York	Accident	The FDR was inoperative at the time of the accident.^[31]
1990-09-11	OB-1303	Faucett Perú	Boeing 727-247	Atlantic Ocean, 350 miles southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland	Accident	Plane and all sixteen aboard missing, along with the CVR and FDR. Aircraft was being returned to Peru after lease to Air Malta. Crew reported a low fuel notice and that they were preparing to ditch. 16 occupants were on board
1991-05-26	004	Lauda Air	Boeing 767-3Z9ER	Phu Toei National Park, Suphan Buri Province, Thailand	Accident	FDR destroyed by post-crash fire.^[32]
1992-01-03	4821	CommuteAir	Beechcraft 1900C	Gabriels, New York	Accident	CVR destroyed by post-crash fire. The airplane was not required to carry an FDR.^[33]
1992-01-20	148	Air Inter	Airbus A320-111	Mont Sainte-Odile	Accident	FDR destroyed by post-crash fire.^[34]
1992-06-06	201	Copa Airlines	Boeing 737-204 Advanced	Darien Gap, near Tucuti, Panama	Accident	Both recorders found, but CVR tape was broken in several pieces, and the recording recovered from it was from a different flight.
1992-09-10	015	Expreso Aéreo	Fokker F27-500	Bellavista airstrip, San Martín Region, Peru	Accident	The CVR's magnetic tape was found to have been burned by the post-crash fire. The FDR was found not to be working properly at the time of the crash, as the tape was not connected.^[35]
1992-09-28	268	Pakistan International Airlines	Airbus A300B4-203	Kathmandu, Nepal	Accident	Both recorders found, but no conversation can be heard on CVR, rendering it unusable.^[36]
1992-10-04	1862	El Al	Boeing 747-258F	Groeneveen and Klein-Kruitberg flats in the Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam Zuidoost	Accident	FDR found but severely damaged, with the tape broken in four pieces; CVR not found.^[37]
1992-11-24	3493	China Southern Airlines	Boeing 737-3Y0	12.5 miles south of Guilin Airport, China	Accident	FDR found but severely damaged, with the tape being exposed to the post crash fire; CVR not found.^[38]
1992-12-07	012	China Airlines	McDonnell Douglas MD-11	20 miles east of Japan	Incident	The CVR was overwritten.^[39]
1993-04-06	583	China Eastern Airlines	McDonnell Douglas MD-11	Near the Aleutian Islands	Accident	The CVR experienced a mechanical malfunction and did not contain any data from the accident flight.^[40]
1994-04-06	9XR-NN	Rwanda Government	Dassault Falcon 50	1 Nautical Mile East of Kigali Airport, Kigali, Rwanda	Shot Down	The whereabouts and even the existence of the CVR and/or FDR has been disputed. Multiple independent investigations have been unable to determine the location of any flight recorders the aircraft may have carried. A proper examination of the crash site was not conducted until 15 years after the shootdown, by which time a majority of the wreckage had been displaced or scavenged.^[41] The manufacturer performed maintenance on the airplane a year before the crash, during which they documented that no recorders were installed (though mounting racks were in place for the operator to install them if they later decided to).^[42] Rwandan aviation laws at the time required all airplanes used for transporting the head of state to carry both a CVR and an FDR. The possibility that recorders were installed at some point between the work performed by Dassault and the shootdown has not been ruled out.
1994-12-21	702P	Air Algérie, leased from Phoenix Aviation	Boeing 737-200	Willenhall, Coventry	Accident	The FDR did not record any data from the accident flight.^[43]
1995-08-09	901	Aviateca	Boeing 737-200	San Vicente, El Salvador	Accident	The FDR was not found at the crash site, possibly scavenged from the site by locals.^[44]
1995-12-20	41	Tower Air	Boeing 747-136	John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City	Accident	The FDR was inoperative during the accident due to a data acquisition unit problem.^[45]
1996-02-29	251	Faucett Perú	Boeing 737-222	Ciudad de Dios, Cerro Colorado District, near Arequipa, Peru	Accident	The FDR was usable, but the partly-burned and partly-damaged CVR had its magnetic tape broken at its beginning and only recorded isolated Spanish-language voices, possibly made during maintenance duties. Thus there was no recording of the flight crew's final moments before the crash. The airline claimed to have acquired the CVR in mid-1995, and to have done maintenance on it in two occasions immediately prior to the crash; however, the CVR's interior showed December 1989 as the date of its last opening.^[46]
1996-06-09	517	Eastwind Airlines	Boeing 737-2H5	Richmond International Airport, Richmond, Virginia	Incident	CVR overwritten.^[47]
1996-10-22	406	Millon Air	Boeing 707-323C	Manta, Ecuador	Accident	The FDR presented malfunctions that precluded precise and full readouts of its data. The device was reportedly retrofitted into the aircraft and also lacked adequate documentation.^[48] ^[49]
1997-12-06	RA-82005	Ukrainian Cargo Airways	Antonov An-124-100	Mira Street, Irkutsk, Russia	Accident	The two flight recorders were in the center of the fire and were too badly damaged to provide meaningful data.^[50]
1997-12-28	826	United Airlines	Boeing 747-122	Pacific Ocean	Accident	CVR overwritten.^[51]
1998-09-29	602	Lionair	Antonov An-24RV	Off the coast of Iranaitivu, Mannar District, Sri Lanka	Shootdown	No trace of either the FDR or the CVR was found among the 30% to 40% of the aircraft's wreckage that was salvaged in 2013. Only a highly corroded and damaged debris was later identified as the auxiliary data recorder.^[52]
2000-01-30	431	Kenya Airways	Airbus A310-304	Atlantic Ocean, East of Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport, Abidjan, Ivory Coast	Accident	The FDR data did not correspond to any kind of flight.^[53]
2000-05-21	N16EJ	East Coast Aviation Services d/b/a Executive Airlines	British Aerospace Jetstream	Bear Creek Township, Pennsylvania	Accident	The CVR did not record data from the accident flight. The airplane was not required to carry an FDR.^[54]
2001-09-11	11	American Airlines	Boeing 767-223ER	North World Trade Center, New York City	Hijack	Neither flight recorder was ever found.^[55]
2001-09-11	175	United Airlines	Boeing 767-222	South World Trade Center, New York City	Hijack	Neither flight recorder was ever found.
2001-09-11	77	American Airlines	Boeing 757-223	Pentagon, Washington D.C.	Hijack	CVR too badly damaged by fire to provide any information.
2001-10-04	1812	Siberia Airlines	Tupolev Tu-154	Black Sea	Shootdown	Resting in 3300feet of water; neither recorder found.^[56]
2002-05-04	4226	EAS Airlines	BAC One-Eleven 525FT	Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano, Nigeria	Accident	The FDR was recovered but inoperative; the CVR was never found.^[57]
2002-07-28	9560	Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise	Ilyushin Il-86	Near Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow, Russia	Accident	The CVR did not record the flight crew's conversations.^[58]
2003-05-25	N844AA	Aerospace Sales & Leasing	Boeing 727	Luanda, Angola	Unknown	Aircraft stolen, current whereabouts are unknown.
2003-05-26	4230	Ukrainian-Mediterranean Airlines	Yakovlev Yak-42	Trabzon, Turkey	Accident	CVR was inoperative before the flight. The fuel indicator of the FDR was also not working.^[59]
2004-10-14	1602	MK Airlines	Boeing 747-244(SF)	Halifax Stanfield International Airport, Halifax, Nova Scotia	Accident	CVR was exposed to extreme heat for an extended period which melted the recording tape.^[60]
2005-02-03	904	Kam Air	Boeing 737-200	Pamir Mountains, Afghanistan	Accident	Crash site located at a near inaccessible area of the Pamir Mountains. Most of the wreckage was buried in deep snow, and specialists had to clear landmines from the area before it could be accessed. FDR found with extreme difficulty (though it did not contain data due to a pre-existing fault in the data acquisition unit). The CVR was never found, and at least one investigator was killed during the search.
2005-09-05	091	Mandala Airlines	Boeing 737-200 Advanced	Polonia International Airport, Medan	Accident	Both recorders found, but CVR was of poor quality, rendering it unusable.
2005-10-22	210	Bellview Airlines	Boeing 737-200	Lisa Village, Ogun, Nigeria	Accident	Neither recorder found.^[61]
2005-12-19	101	Chalk's Ocean Airway	Grumman G-73T Turbine Mallard	Miami Beach, Florida	Accident	Not equipped with FDR; CVR recovered but nothing audible could be recovered from it.^[62] ^[63]
2006-08-13	2208	Air Algérie	Lockheed C-130 Hercules	Piacenza, Italy	Accident	The aircraft carried an older FDR which was inoperative at the time of the accident.^[64]
2007-11-30	4203	Atlasjet	McDonnell Douglas MD-83	Keçiborlu, Turkey	Accident	The CVR was inoperative for 9 days before the crash. FDR only recorded the first 14 minutes of the flight.^[65]
2008-08-24	6895		Boeing 737-219 Advanced	Manas International Airport, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan	Accident	The FDR tape was damaged by fire leading to a 13 seconds cut in data. The CVR was inoperative prior to the flight. It contained the recording of a previous flight.^[66]
2009-10-21	2241	Azza Transport	Boeing 707-330C	2 miles north of Sharjah International Airport	Accident	Neither the FDR or the CVR were recording during the flight.^[67]
2009-10-21	188	Northwest Airlines	Airbus A320-212	Minnesota, United States	Incident	The CVR was overwritten.^[68]
2010-11-11	ST-ARQ	Tarco Airlines	Antonov An-24	Zalingei Airport, Zalingei, Sudan	Accident	The FDR did not contain any data and the CVR contained 4 minutes of recording of a different flight.^[69]
2011-07-28	991	Asiana Airlines	Boeing 747-400F	Korea Strait	Accident	FDR was recovered but the memory module was missing inside the chassis. CVR not recovered.^[70]
2012-06-03	0992	Dana Air	McDonnell Douglas MD-83	Iju-Ishaga, Lagos, Nigeria	Accident	Both recorders recovered, but the FDR was destroyed.^[71]
2012-12-09	N345MC	Private Aircraft	Learjet 25	Iturbide, Mexico	Accident	FDR recovered but with too much damage to yield any data. CVR not found at crash site, investigators could not determine whether the airplane was equipped with one at the time of the crash.^[72]
2014-03-08	370	Malaysia Airlines	Boeing 777-2H6ER	South Indian Ocean	Unknown	Plane and all 239 passengers and crew missing, along with the CVR and FDR.
2014-07-24	5017	Air Algérie	McDonnell Douglas MD-83	Near Gossi, Mali	Accident	CVR quality was unusable.^[73]
2015-08-16	267	Trigana Air	ATR 42-300	Near Oksibil, West Papua, Indonesia	Accident	Both recorders found, but FDR was not working at the time of accident.
2015-09-05	6V-AIM	Senegalair	Hawker-Beechcraft HS125-700A	Atlantic Ocean, west of Dakar, Senegal	Accident	Plane and all seven aboard missing, along with the CVR and FDR.
2018-04-18	30	Delta Air Lines	Airbus A330-323	Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Atlanta, Georgia	Accident	CVR data overwritten by other recordings.^[74]
2021-07-06	251	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air	Antonov An-26B-100	Palana, Russia	Accident	Both recorders recovered, but the CVR was too badly damaged to retrieve data from it.
2023-06-04	N611VG	Private aircraft	Cessna Citation V	Mine Bank Mountain	Accident	CVR has not been recovered. The airplane was not equipped with an FDR.^[75]
2024-01-05	1282	Alaska Airlines	Boeing 737 MAX 9	Over Portland, Oregon, United States	Accident	CVR overwritten by other recordings.^[76]

See also

• List of missing ships

Notes and References

1. Web site: Investigation of Aircraft Accident: NORTHWEST AIRLINES: CHICAGO, ILLINOIS: 1961-09-17 . 1961-09-17 . 2024-03-14 . Civil Aeronautics Board.
2. Web site: NTSB Aircraft Accident Report, United Airlines N7036U in Lake Michigan.
3. Web site: March 28, 1967 . Aircraft Accident Report, American Flyers Airline Corporation L-188C, N183H, Near Ardmore Municipal Airport, Ardmore, Oklahoma, April 22, 1966 . February 4, 2020 . Civil Aeronautics Board.
4. News: August 8, 1966 . Crash probe: Recorder is 'useless' . Deseret News . (Salt Lake City, Utah) . 1A . UPI.
5. Web site: Accident description . Aviation Safety Network . 15 May 2024.
6. Web site: Crash of a Douglas DC-9-32 off Santo Domingo: 102 killed. 2021-06-11. baaa-acro.com. Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives.
7. Web site: NTSB Aircraft Accident Report, Aircraft Accident Report: Overseas National Airways, Inc. Douglas DC-9 N935F, Operating as Antillaanse Luchtvaart Flight 980, Near St. Croix, Virgin Islands, 2 May 1970. https://web.archive.org/web/20140322212243/http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR71-08.pdf. usurped. 22 March 2014.
8. Web site: 1972-05-24 . Aircraft Accident Report - Pan American World Airways, Inc., Boeing 747, N747PA, Flight 845, San Francisco, California, July 30, 1971 . 2016-06-12 . National Transportation Safety Board . NTSB-AAR-72-17. - Copy at Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University.
9. Web site: August 29, 1973 . Aircraft Accident Report, United Airlines Inc., Boeing 737, N9031U Chicago-Midway Airport, Chicago, Illinois, December 8, 1972 . August 18, 2011 . . NTSB-AAR-73-16.
10. Web site: July 10, 1974 . Trans World Airlines Flight 742, N8075T, Boeing 707-331B, Los Angeles, California, August 28, 1973 . January 13, 2021 . National Transportation Safety Board . NTSB/AAR-74/08. - Copy at the Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University
11. Web site: The Lost Flight – Malév 240 | Airliners.net.
12. Web site: December 22, 1976 . Aircraft Accident Report, Alaska Airlines, Inc., Booing 727-81, N124AS, Ketchikan International Airport, Ketchikan, Alaska, April 5, 1976 . December 4, 2022 . . NTSB/AAR-76-20. - Copy at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
13. https://www.eluniverso.com/2003/02/22/0001/12/55C79041D544420DBF2009D69EAED0A6.html/ "Polémica por caja negra" (Controversy over black box) El Universo. 22 February 2003 (in Spanish)
14. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-131F N730JP Santa Cruz-El Trompillo Airport (SRZ) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20050415155829/http://aviation-safety.net:80/database/record.php?id=19761013-0 . 15 April 2005 . 2021-12-26 . Aviation Safety Network . Flight Safety Foundation.
15. Web site: Direcçao-Geral da Aeronautica Civil. 1974. SATA - S.A. DE TRANSPORT AERIEN SE210R SUPER CARAVELLE HB-ICK.
16. Web site: July 27, 1978. Aircraft Accident Report United Airlines, Inc., Douglas DC-8-54, N8047U, near Kaysville, Utah, December 18, 1977.. April 4, 2010. National Transportation Safety Board. NTSB-AAR-78-8.
17. Web site: January 25, 1979. Aircraft Accident Report, Continental Air Lines, Inc., McDonnell-Douglas DC-10-10, N68045, Los Angeles, California, March 1, 1978. National Transportation Safety Board. NTSB/AAR-79/01. December 22, 2017.
18. Web site: 1979-01-30 . Varig accident description . 2009-10-20 . Aviation Safety Network . Flight Safety Foundation.
19. Aircraft Accident Report: American Airlines, Inc. DC-10-10, N110AA, Chicago O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois, May 25, 1979 . December 21, 1979 . . NTSB-AAR-79-17 . September 6, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190422022517/https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR7917.pdf . April 22, 2019 . live.
20. Web site: Informe Final: Investigacion de Accidentes de Aviación. JIACC. https://web.archive.org/web/20180921110846/http://prevacc.org/informes/19810507.pdf. 21 September 2018. dead.
21. Web site: Víctor Granda en muerte de Jaime Roldós: A lo mejor sí existió caja negra, sospechas falta de rúbrica de dos páginas del contrato del avión presidencial (Audio). es. www.ecuadorinmediato.com. 25 May 2015. 23 February 2019. 24 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190224062313/http://www.ecuadorinmediato.com/index.php?module=Noticias&func=news_user_view&id=2818781889. dead.
22. Web site: October 31, 1983 . United Airlines Flight 2885, N8053U, McDonnell Douglas DC-8-54F, Detroit, Michigan, January 11, 1983 . February 8, 2015 . National Transportation Safety Board . NTSB/AAR-83/07.
23. http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgTSO.nsf/0/cc60d6b4c807869586256dc700717e5f/$FILE/totalrpt.doc Investigation of Controlled Flight into Terrain. Descriptions of Flight Paths for Selected Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) Aircraft Accidents, 1985–1997.
24. Web site: Two Massachusetts men claim they have found long-lost 'black boxes' in Bolivia . The Boston Globe. BostonGlobe.com. 2016-06-06.
25. Web site: NTSB Press Release.
26. Web site: February 4, 1986 . Aircraft Accident Report, Galaxy Airlines Inc., Lockheed Electra-L-1 88C, N5532, Reno, Nevada, January 21, 1985 . October 23, 2006 . . 13 . . NTSB/AAR-86/01.
27. Web site: 29 March 1986 . Aircraft accident report : China Airlines Boeing 747-SP, N4522V, 300 nautical miles northwest of San Francisco, California, February 19, 1985 . 2019-04-30 . . NTSB/AAR-86/03.
28. Web site: 14 November 1988 . Aviation Occurrence Report, Arrow Air Inc. Douglas DC-8-63 N950JW, Gander International Airport, Newfoundland, 12 December 1985 . 11 September 2017 . Canadian Aviation Safety Board.
29. News: Seoul Pardons North Korean in Bombing of Airliner Killing 115. Los Angeles Times . 13 April 1990 .
30. News: Shooting Down Iran Air Flight 655. Iran Chamber Society . 2004 .
31. Book: Aircraft Accident Report, Avianca, The Airline of Columbia, Boeing 707-321B, HK 2016, Fuel Exhaustion, Cove Neck, New York, January 25, 1990 . April 30, 1991 . . NTSB/AAR-91/04 . January 15, 2016.
32. Web site: Lauda Air B767 Accident Report. 2021-01-18. rvs-bi.de.
33. Web site: March 28, 1994 . In reply refer to: A-94-74 through -76 . April 23, 2010 . National Transportation Safety Board.
34. Web site: Rapport de la commission d'enquête sur l'accident survenu le 20 janvier 1992 près du Mont Sainte-Odile (Bas Rhin) à l'Airbus A 320 immatriculé F-GGED exploité par la compagnie Air Inter . Report of the commission of inquiry into the accident on 20 January 1992 near Mont Sainte-Odile (Bas Rhin) to the Airbus A 320 registered F-GGED operated by Air Inter . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120613020220/http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1992/f-ed920120/htm/f-ed920120.html . 13 June 2012 . 14 April 2010 . . fr.
35. https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/438890/Informe_Final__OB1443_-_10SEP92_.pdf?v=1576002839 Ministry of Transport and Communications - Investigation Report (1992). p. 14. (in Spanish)
36. Book: Gero, David . Aviation Disasters: The World's Major Civil Airliner Crashes since 1950 . Patrick Stephens (Haynes) . 2000 . 9781852606022 . 3rd . Sparkford, nr. Yeovil, Somerset . 232.
37. [:nl:Bijlmerramp|Bijlmerramp]
38. Web site: 1992年南方航空公司B737"11·24"桂林空难事故 - CEAA-中国实验类飞行器. 2014-05-19. zh. https://web.archive.org/web/20140519093516/http://www.ceaa.org.cn/anquan/yunshuhangkonganquan/2012/1005/1249.html. dead. 2014-05-19. 2018-10-02.
39. Web site: 1994-02-15 . In-flight turbulence encounter and loss of portions of the elevators, China Airlines Flight CI-012, McDonnell Douglas MD-11-P, Taiwan registration B-150, About 20 miles east of Japan, December 7, 1992 . 2023-01-05 . . NTSB/AAR-94/02.
40. Aircraft Accident Report - Inadvertent in-flight slat deployment, China Eastern Airlines flight 583, McDonnell Douglas MD-11, B-2171, 950 nautical miles south of Sheyma, Alaska, April 6, 1993 . October 27, 1993 . . NTSB/AAR-93/07 . September 22, 2021. - Copy at Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University.
41. Web site: Investigation into the Crash of Dassault Falcon 50 Registration Number 9XR-NN on 6 April 1994 Carrying Former President Juvenal Habyarimana Empennage Air Traffic Control. Scribd. 2019-02-12.
42. Web site: REPORT OF THE INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTACK OF 06/04/1994 AGAINST THE FALCON 50 RWANDAN PRESIDENTIAL AEROPLANE, REGISTRATION NUMBER 9XR-NN. Mutsinzi. Jean.
43. Web site: 7 December 1995 . Report on the accident to Boeing 737-2D6C, 7T-VEE at Willenhall, Coventry, Warwickshire on 21 December 1994 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120729044433/http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/1-1996%207T-VEE.pdf . 29 July 2012 . 21 November 2008 . Air Accidents Investigation Branch.
44. Web site: 9 August 1995. AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT AVIATECA FLIGHT 901 BOEING 737-200 15 MILES NE EL SAVADOR INTL ARPT SAN SALVADOR, EL SALVADOR AUGUST 9,1995. 22 September 2021.
45. Web site: 1996-12-02. Runway Departure During Attempted Takeoff, Tower Air Flight 41, Boeing 747-136, N605FF, JFK International Airport, New York, December 20, 1995. 2020-05-20. National Transportation Safety Board. NTSB/AAR-96/04.
46. Web site: Informe Final OB-1451 . Final Report OB-1451 . Ministry of Transport and Communications . 8–9 . es.
47. Web site: 2007-11-30 . National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Incident Final Report . 2024-01-15 . National Transportation Safety Board . DCA96IA061.
48. Web site: January 13, 2000 . Controlled Flight Into Terrain, Korean Air Flight 801, Boeing 747-300, HL7468, Nimitz Hill, Guam, August 6, 1997 . October 19, 2015 . National Transportation Safety Board . Washington D.C. . 30 . NTSB/AAR-00/01.
49. https://flightsafety.org/ap/ap_sept98.pdf p. 11, Note 1.
50. Web site: 2007-12-06 . Катастрофа самолета Ан-124 в Иркутске (1997 г.) . An-124 plane crash in Irkutsk (1997) . 2021-09-22 . RIA Novosti . ru.
51. Web site: May 14, 2001 . National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Final Report . October 8, 2015 . . DCA98MA015.
52. https://www.caa.lk/images/pdf/past_acciden_incident_reports/18_Report_final_Lionair_LN602.pdf p. 17
53. Web site: 25 January 2002. REPORT – Accident which occurred on 30 January 2000 in the sea near Abidjan Airport to the Airbus 310–304 registered 5Y-BEN operated by Kenya Airways. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053439/https://www.bea.aero/docspa/2000/5y-n000130a/pdf/5y-n000130a.pdf. 30 January 2019. Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety.
54. Web site: August 26, 2002 . Crash of Executive Airlines Jetstream 3101, Bear Creek Township, Pennsylvania, May 21, 2000 . . NTSB/AAB-02/05.
55. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-911REPORT/pdf/GPO-911REPORT.pdf 9/11 Commission Report, Notes to Chapter 1, note 76, p. 456 (PDF p. 474)
56. News: Gilmore . Inigi . Israel accuses Ukraine of hiding missile strike that destroyed jet . . 2001-10-07 . 30 April 2015.
57. Web site: 26 November 2002 . CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENT REPORT No. 382 . Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau.
58. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-86 RA-86060 Moskva-Sheremetyevo Airport (SVO) . 2019-04-10 . Aviation Safety Network . Flight Safety Foundation.
59. https://www.eurocockpit.eu/sites/default/files/YAK-42_Accident_PilotFatigue_May2005.pdf Informativos Telecinco (via European Cockpit Association). 23 May 2005_
60. Web site: Government of Canada. Transportation Safety Board of Canada. 2006-04-06. Aviation Investigation Report A04H0004. 2021-09-22. www.tsb.gc.ca.
61. Web site: February 2021. Report on the Accident involving Bellview Airlines Ltd B737-200 Reg. 5N-BFN at Lisa Village, Ogun State, Nigeria On 22 October 2005. September 21, 2021. Aviation Safety Network.
62. Book: Monaghan, Aidan. Declassifying 9/11: A Between the Lines and Behind the Scenes Look at the September 11 Attacks. 2012. iUniverse. 978-1-4759-2022-2. en.
63. Web site: NTSB Says Nothing Audible On Chalk's Plane CVR Aero-News Network. 2020-10-07. www.aero-news.net.
64. News: Massy-Beresford . Helen . 2 February 2007 . Italian aviation safety agency urges Algerian authorities to enforce rules on modern flight data recorders in light of August 2006 Air Algérie crash . . London . live . 16 January 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305170722/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/italian-aviation-safety-agency-urges-algerian-authorities-to-enforce-rules-on-modern-flight-data-recorders-in-light-of-august-2006-air-algrie-crash-211898/ . 5 March 2016.
65. Web site: 2013-03-21. ISPARTA KAZASINA DAMGA VURACAK RAPOR!. 2021-09-22. www.airporthaber.com. tr-TR.
66. Web site: INTERSTATE AVIATION COMMITTEE COMMISSION FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF AVIATION ACCIDENTS FINAL REPORT ON RESULTS OF AVIATION ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. 22 September 2021. Russian. As a result of the examination of the parametric recorder FDR 980-4100 GQUS it was found that a 320mm section of the carrier (magnetic tape) was exposed to high temperature. The information on this section cannot be restored. cannot be recovered. Based on the fact that the tape speed is 12.2 mm / sec, and given the location of the magnetic heads, there is no record of the last part of the flight. about 13 seconds is missing. Recorded audio information corresponds to the flight Moscow-Bishkek (flight IRC 632). It is impossible to establish the date of the flight. Information about of flight B737-200 EX-009 on 24.08.2008 is missing. This testifies to the fact that the CVR recorder in flight on 24.08.2008 was not operational..
67. Web site: 12 March 2013. AIR ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT AIRCRAFT CRASH AFTER TAKEOFF. 22 September 2021. 1 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210301044725/https://www.gcaa.gov.ae/en/ePublication/admin/iradmin/Lists/Incidents%20Investigation%20Reports/Attachments/12/2009-Final%20Report%20B707%20-%20ST-AKW%20%20-%20Report%2010%202009.pdf. dead.
68. Web site: 2009-12-15 . Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Specialist's Factual Report . 2020-09-23 . National Transportation Safety Board.
69. Web site: Accident: Tarco Airlines AN24 at Zalingei on Nov 11th 2010, gear damage on landing, broke up and burst into flames. 2021-09-22. avherald.com.
70. Web site: 8–9 October 2012. IMPLICATIONS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION OF ASIANA AIRLINES FREIGHTER. 21 September 2021. Icao.
71. Report on the Accident to DANA AIRLINES NIGERIA LIMITED Boeing MD-83 aircraft with registration 5N-RAM which occurred at Iju-Ishaga Area of Lagos State, Nigeria, on 3rd June 2012. Accident Investigation Bureau. DANA/2012/06/03/F. 19 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20170618050015/http://www.aib.gov.ng/files/Dana-Airlines-MD83-5N-RAM.pdf. 18 June 2017. dead.
72. Web site: Informe Técnico de la Comision Invetigadora y Dictaminadora de Accidentes de Aviacion. SCT.
73. Web site: 22 April 2016. FINAL REPORT – Accident on 24 July 2014 in the region of Gossi in Mali to the MD-83 registered EC-LTV operated by Swiftair S.A. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160610204621/https://www.bea.aero/uploads/tx_elydbrapports/ec-v140724.en.pdf. 10 June 2016. 18 January 2021. bea.aero. Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety.
74. Web site: Babcock. Christopher. 2021-03-08. Cockpit Voice Recorder - Specialist's Factual Report. 2021-10-08. National Transportation Safety Board.
75. Aviation Investigation Preliminary Report . Gerhardt . Adam . Mitchell . Mitch A. . 2023-06-21 . National Transportation Safety Board . Montebello, VA . ERA23FA256 . According to recent maintenance inspection records, the airplane as of May 2023 was equipped with a cockpit voice recorder (CVR), however, at the time of this publication, a CVR had not been located. The airplane was not equipped with a flight data recorder, nor was it required to be. . Tsai . Helen . Asensio . Ricardo J. . Gibson . Kurt . Studtmann . David . Rushworth . Randolph W. . 2023-06-22.
76. News: Villamizar . Helwing . No Data on Flight 1282 Cockpit Voice Recorder, NTSB Calls out FAA . 8 January 2024 . Airways . 8 January 2024.