List of underground newspapers of the 1960s counterculture explained

This is a partial list of the local underground newspapers launched during the Sixties era of the hippie/psychedelic/youth/counterculture/New Left/antiwar movements, approximately 1965–1973. This list includes periodically appearing papers of general countercultural interest printed in a newspaper format, and specific to a particular locale.

Australia

• Sydney FTA, Sydney, 1970^[1]

Belgium

• Amenophis, Brussels, 1965–1975^[2]
• Real Free Press, Antwerp

Canada

Alberta

• Canada Goose, Edmonton

British Columbia

• The Georgia Straight, Vancouver

Manitoba

• The Lovin' Couch Press, Winnipeg
• Ǒmṕhalǒs, Winnipeg^[3]

Ontario

• Harbinger, Toronto
• Octopus, Ottawa (later Ottawa's Free Press)

Quebec

• Pop-See-Cul, Montreal, 1967–1968
• Mainmise, Montreal, 1970–1978

France

• Actuel, Paris
• Interluttes, Paris^[4]

India

• Hungry Generation weekly bulletins, Calcutta (1961–1965)
• Krittibas

Italy

• Fuori!
• Re Nudo
• Tampax

United Kingdom

• Black Dwarf
• Brighton Voice
• Friends (later Frendz)
• Gandalf's Garden
• Ink
• International Times (also IT)
• Mole Express^{[5] [6]}
• Oz

United States

Alabama

• Exponent, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1969–present^[7]
• High gauge, Tuscaloosa^[8]
• Rearguard, Mobile, 1971

Arizona

• Bandersnatch, Tempe, 1968–1969
• Butterfield Express, Tucson
• Druid Free Press, Tempe, 1969
• Gambit, Tempe, 1968
• Rebirth, Phoenix, 1969
• Resurrection, Tucson, 1970

California

• Alto, Isla Vista, 1967–1969^[9]
• Berkeley Barb, Berkeley, 1965–1980
• Berkeley Tribe, Berkeley, 1969–1972 (split from the Berkeley Barb after staff went on strike)
• The Black Panther, Oakland
• Bullsheet, Pasadena, 1969–1974
• Dock of the Bay, San Francisco
• Free Spaghetti Dinner, Santa Cruz
• From Out of Sherwood Forest, Newport Beach
• Good Times, San Francisco, 1969–1972 (formerly San Francisco Express-Times)
• Haight Ashbury Free Press, San Francisco
• Haight Ashbury Tribune, San Francisco (at least 16 issues)
• Illustrated Paper, Mendocino, 1966–1967
• Leviathan, San Francisco, 1969–1970
• Long Beach Free Press, Long Beach, 1969–1970
• Los Angeles Free Press, Los Angeles, 1964–1978 (new series 2005–present)
• Los Angeles Staff, Los Angeles (splintered from Los Angeles Free Press)
• Northcoast Ripsaw, Eureka
• OB Rag, Ocean Beach, 1970–1975 (new series 2001–2003, blog 2007–present)
• Open City, Los Angeles, 1967–1969
• Oracle of Southern California, Los Angeles
• The Organ, Fresno, 1968
• The Organ, San Francisco, 1970–1971
• Peninsula Observer, Palo Alto
• The San Diego Door, San Diego, 1966–1970 (formerly Good Morning, Teaspoon)
• San Diego Free Press, San Diego 1968–1970 (changed name to San Diego Street Journal)
• San Francisco Express Times, San Francisco, 1968–1969 (changed name to Good Times)
• San Francisco Oracle, San Francisco, 1966–1968
• San Jose Maverick, San Jose
• San Jose Red Eye, San Jose
• Seventy-Nine Cent Spread, Carmel
• Stockton Silver Hammer, Stockton
• SunDance, San Francisco, 1972
• Tuesday's Child, Los Angeles, 1969–1970

Colorado

• Aboveground, Colorado Springs, 1969–1970
• Blue Screw, Aurora, 1973–1974
• Chinook, Denver, 1969–1972
• El Gallo, Denver, 1967–1975
• Mountain Free Press, Denver, 1968–1970

Connecticut

• Hartford's Other Voice, Hartford
• Storrs Weekly Reader, Storrs, 1971–1973
• View from the Bottom, New Haven

Delaware

• Heterodoxical Voice, Newark

District of Columbia

• Colonial Times, 1971–1972^[10]
• The Daily Rag, 1972^[11]
• Quicksilver Times, 1969–1972
• Washington Free Press

Florida

• Amazing Grace, Tallahassee^[12]
• Aquarian, Temple Terrace, 1969
• Balaklava, Sarasota^[13]
• Bay Area Free Press, Tampa, 1970
• Both Sides Now, Jacksonville, 1969–1975
• Daily Planet, Miami (formerly Miami Free Press)
• Gulf Coast Fish Cheer, Pensacola^[14]
• Iconoclast, Pensacola, Florida, 1971–1974
• The Monocle, Tampa
• Ragweed, St. Petersburg

Georgia

• Albion's Grace, Savannah
• The Great Speckled Bird, Atlanta, 1968–1976

Illinois

• The Angry Voice, Greenville, 1969–1970
• Big Muddy Gazette, Carbondale, 1969–1972
• The Bridge, Chicago, 1967–1968
• Chicago Seed, Chicago, 1967–1973
• Chicago Kaleidoscope, Chicago
• Curb: Dedicated to Curbing Armed Problem Solving and Solving People Problems, Elmhurst, 1970–1973
• A Four Year Bummer, Champaign, 1969–1970
• News from Nowhere, DeKalb
• Rising Up Angry, Chicago, 1969–1975
• Second City, Chicago
• The Walrus, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, 1968–1973^[15]

Indiana

• Bauls of the Brickyard, West Lafayette, 1969
• Grinding Stone, Terre Haute
• Indianapolis Free Press, Indianapolis, 1969–1970
• The Only Alternative, Muncie, 1968–1971
• The Spectator, Bloomington, 1966–1971

Iowa

• Middle Earth, Iowa City, 1967–1968
• Pterodactyl, Grinnell

Kansas

• Alchemist, Manhattan, 1968–1969
• Custer's Last Stand, Manhattan, 1971
• Vortex, Lawrence

Kentucky

• Blue-tail fly, Lexington^[16]
• Callallo #20, Lexington^[17]
• Free Press of Louisville, Louisville

Louisiana

• In Arcane Logos, New Orleans, 1969
• NOLA Express, New Orleans
• The Ungarbled Word, New Orleans

Maryland

• Baltimore Free Press, Baltimore, 1968
• Dragon Seed, Baltimore, 1972
• Harry, Baltimore, 1969–1970
• The Pawn, Fort Detrick, 1969–1970

Massachusetts

• Avatar, Boston, 1967–1968
• Boston Free Press, Boston
• Boston Phoenix
• East Boston Community News, 1970-1989^[18] Footnote links to Northeastern University Library's archive of all editions
• The Free Press of Springfield, Springfield (became Common Sense in 1969)
• Mother of Voices, Amherst
• Old Mole, Cambridge
• Thursday, Cambridge
• Worcester Phoenix
• Worcester Punch, Worcester
• Zig zag, Montague^[19]

Michigan

• Ann Arbor Argus, Ann Arbor, 1969–1971
• Ann Arbor Sun, Ann Arbor, 1971–1976^[20]
• Fifth Estate, Detroit, 1965–present
• god mother and apple pie/Up Against the Wall Street Journal, Saginaw, 1969–1971
• The Paper, East Lansing
• South End, East Lansing

Minnesota

• The Freeway, Duluth, 1971
• Hundred Flowers, Minneapolis, 1970–1972
• Minneapolis Flag, Minneapolis, 1969
• Hair, Minneapolis, 1969-1970.

Mississippi

• Creem, Birmingham^[21]
• Kudzu, Jackson, 1968–1972

Missouri

• Daily Flash, St. Louis (changed name to Xanadu)
• The New Hard Times, (St. Louis, 1968–1970
• The Outlaw, St. Louis, 1970–1973

Montana

• Borrowed Times, Missoula, 1972–1980^[22]

Nebraska

• Buffalo Chip, Omaha (started December 1967)
• Omaha Kaleidoscope, Omaha

Nevada

• Las Vegas Free Press, Las Vegas
• Love, Reno

New Jersey

• Abas, Newark, 1968–1969
• All You Can Eat, New Brunswick, 1970–1973

New Mexico

• Astral Projection, Albuquerque
• Caliche County Rendering Works, Albuquerque, 1968–1970
• The Fountain of Light, Taos, 1968–1970
• The Hips Voice, Santa Fe

New York

• Buffalo Insighter, Buffalo, 1967–1968
• East Village Other, New York City, 1965–1972
• Edge City, Syracuse, 1970–1971
• New York Ace, New York City, 1971–1972
• New York Avatar, New York City
• New York Free Press, New York City
• Other Scenes (dispatched from various locations around the world)
• Rat Subterranean News, New York City, 1968–1970 (later Women's LibeRATion)
• Space, Binghamton, 1972 (formerly Lost in Space)

North Carolina

• The Anvil, Durham, 1967–1983
• The Inquisition, Charlotte
• Protean Radish, Chapel Hill

Ohio

• Angry City Press, Cleveland, 1970
• Aquarius, Dayton
• The Big Us, Cleveland, 1968–1970 (changed name to Burning River News)
• Columbus Free Press, Columbus, 1969–present
• Cuyahoga Current, Cleveland, Ohio, 1972-^[23]
• Great Swamp Erie Da Da Boom, Cleveland, 1970–1972
• Hash, Warren, 1970–1972
• Independent Eye, Cincinnati
• New Age, Athens
• Queen City Express, Cincinnati
• Razzberry Radicle, Dayton
• Minority Report, Dayton

Oklahoma

• Home Cookin, Oklahoma City
• Jones Family Grandchildren, Norman
• Jones Family Grandchildren II, Stillwater
• Osmosis, Tulsa, 1972

Oregon

• Eugene Augur, Eugene, 1969–1972
• Willamette Bridge, Portland, 1968–1971

Pennsylvania

• Common Sense, Philadelphia, published by Philadelphia Resistance, 1969–1974
• Distant Drummer, Philadelphia, 1970–1979 (changed name to The Drummer)
• Philadelphia Free Press, Philadelphia, 1968–1972
• Pittsburgh Fair Witness, Pittsburgh, 1970–1973 (changed name from Grok)
• Plain Dealer, Philadelphia
• Water Tunnel, State College
• Yarrowstalks, Philadelphia

Rhode Island

• Extra!, Providence

Tennessee

• Root, Memphis, 1969
• The Hinterlands, Knoxville, 1966

Texas

• Dallas Notes, Dallas, 1967–1970 (originally Notes from the Underground)
• The Eagle bone whistle, San Antonio^[24]
• The Rag, Austin, 1966–1977
• San Antonio Gazette, San Antonio, 1971–1975
• Space City, Houston, 1969–1972 (originally Space City News)

Utah

• Electric Newspaper, Salt Lake City, 1968 (at least 5 issues)
• Utah Free Press, Salt Lake City, 1966–1969

Vermont

• The first issue, Plainfield^[25]
• Windham Free Press, Putney

Virginia

• , Blacksburg
• The Liberated Castle, Fort Belvoir, 1971
• Richmond Chronicle, Richmond

Washington

• Helix, Seattle, 1967–1970
• Northwest Passage, Bellingham, 1969–1986
• Sabot, Seattle, 1970–1971
• Spokane Natural, Spokane, 1967–1970
• The Avatar, Olympia, 1967-1969?

West Virginia

• Buffalo Chips, Huntington
• Liberator, Morgantown, 1969–1971? (later Mountain Liberator)

Wisconsin

• Bugle-American, Milwaukee, 1970–1978
• The Caravan, Milwaukee, 1967–1971
• Connections, Madison, 1967–1969
• Counterpoint, Stevens Point
• Fox Valley Kaleidoscope, Oshkosh, 1970
• Kaleidoscope, Milwaukee, 1967–1971
• Madison Kaleidoscope, Madison
• Mega Middle Myth, Beloit, 1968
• Off the Pigs!, Madison, 1970's (affiliated with The People's Office)
• The People's Dreadnaught, Beloit
• What's Left, Milwaukee, 1970's

See also

• Counterculture of the 1960s
• GI Underground Press
• Liberation News Service
• Underground Press Syndicate

External links

• Underground/Alternative Newspapers History and Geography - maps and databases showing over 2,000 underground/alternative newspapers between 1965 and 1975 in the U.S.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Underground Press maps - Mapping American Social Movements. 2021-11-12. depts.washington.edu.
2. Book: Amenophis. November 13, 2021. WorldCat. 7382814.
3. Book: Ǒmṕhalǒs.. September 17, 2021. WorldCat. 7539805.
4. Book: Interluttes.. September 17, 2021. WorldCat. 2810287.
5. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jul/04/mike-don-obituary
6. https://manchesterhistorian.com/2024/grass-eye-and-mole-express-music-magazines-and-radical-local-politics-in-1960s-70s-manchester-by-kristin-cooper/
7. Web site: Exponent (Huntsville, Ala.) 1969-Current. September 18, 2021. Library of Congress.
8. Book: High gauge.. September 17, 2021. WorldCat. 42317066.
9. Web site: Argo (Isla Vista, Calif.) 1967-1969. September 17, 2021. Library of Congress.
10. https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Products/9781626199064 Colonial Times history
11. https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Products/9781626199064 The Daily Rag history
12. Book: Amazing grace.. September 16, 2021. WorldCat. 14117238.
13. Book: Balaklava.. September 16, 2021. WorldCat. 935951131.
14. Book: Gulf Coast fish cheer.. September 16, 2021. WorldCat. 7445876.
15. Web site: The time has come, the Walrus said…. 14 February 2014.
16. Book: Blue-tail fly.. September 16, 2021. WorldCat. 10829593.
17. Book: Callaloo #20.. September 16, 2021. WorldCat. 1049085483.
18. Web site: East Boston Community News – Our Home: An East Boston History Portal.
19. Book: Zig zag.. September 16, 2021. WorldCat. 7589768.
20. Web site: Ann Arbor Sun - Freeing John Sinclair. 23 July 2016.
21. Book: Creem.. 970992711. September 16, 2021.
22. Web site: About Borrowed times. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1972-1980]. September 17, 2021. Library of Congress.
23. Web site: About The Cuyahoga current. (Cleveland, Ohio) 1972-????. 2013-08-20.
24. Book: The Eagle bone whistle.. September 17, 2021. WorldCat. 12006932.
25. Book: The first issue.. September 17, 2021. WorldCat. 50551436.