List of tornadoes striking downtown areas of large cities explained

This article is a list of tornadoes that have impacted the central business district (downtown or city center) of a large city (that is, one having at least 50,000 people, not counting suburbs or outlying communities, at the time of the storm).

It is a common myth that tornadoes do not strike downtown areas. The odds are much lower due to the small areas covered, but paths can go anywhere, including over downtown areas. St. Louis, Missouri has taken a direct hit four times in less than a century.[1] Many of the tornadoes listed were extremely destructive or caused numerous casualties, and the occurrence of a catastrophic event somewhere is inevitable.[2]

This list is not exhaustive (listing every single tornado that has struck a downtown area or central business district of any city), as it may never be known if a tornado struck a downtown area, or if it was just a microburst (powerful downward and outward gush of wind, which cause damage from straight-line winds), particularly for older events or from areas with limited information. Downbursts often accompany intense tornadoes, extending damage across a wider area than the tornado path. When a tornado strikes a city, it is occasionally very difficult to determine whether it was a tornadic event at all or if the affected area was indeed the "downtown", "city center", or "central business district" consisting of very high population density and mid to high-rises, as opposed to other heavily urbanized/built-up parts of the city or suburbs. It is sometimes also difficult to determine tornadoes that strike urban cores before 1950, when tornado records (particularly in the US) started to be consistently logged with detail. Before this, lack of details on information from the events, as well as that most cities were far smaller in area and population complicate the record.

For the list of cities that are not listed here for certain reasons, see below.

North America

Note: The F-Scale was superseded by the EF scale in the U.S. on February 1, 2007, and in Canada on April 1, 2013
For tornadoes and cities in: United States, Canada, Mexico, Bahamas, Cuba, Central America, and The Caribbean. Ratings for tornadoes in the United States prior to 1950 are not official and instead estimates made by tornado expert Tom Grazulis.

F#/EF#! scope="col" style="width:11%; text-align:center;" class="unsortable"
LocationDateDeathsSummary
bgcolor=# F3St. Louis, MissouriMarch 8, 187191871 St. Louis tornado[3]
bgcolor=# F3Chicago, IllinoisMay 6, 18762[4]
bgcolor=# F2Kansas City, MissouriMay 13, 18833[5]
bgcolor=# F2Washington, D.C.September 16, 18880[6] [7] [8] [9]
bgcolor=# F4Louisville, KentuckyMarch 27, 189076March 1890 middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# F2Dallas, TexasJanuary 20, 18941
bgcolor=# F4St. Louis, MissouriMay 27, 18962551896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado
bgcolor=# F2Chicago, IllinoisMarch 28, 192001920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# F3Indianapolis, IndianaMay 18, 19272
bgcolor=# F3St. Louis, MissouriSeptember 29, 192772–79+1927 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado
bgcolor=# F3Nashville, TennesseeMarch 14, 193315March 1933 Nashville tornado outbreak[10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]
bgcolor=# F2Charleston, South CarolinaSeptember 29, 193827[18]
bgcolor=# F5Waco, TexasMay 11, 19531141953 Waco tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# F4St. Louis, MissouriFebruary 10, 195921St. Louis tornado outbreak of February 1959
bgcolor=# F3Galveston, TexasSeptember 21, 19610Hurricane Carla tornado outbreak — Shortly after a comparable F4 tornado killed 8, an F3 tornado damaged commercial buildings in Galveston.[19]
bgcolor=# F5Topeka, KansasJune 8, 1966171966 Topeka tornado[20]
bgcolor=# F5Lubbock, TexasMay 11, 1970281970 Lubbock tornado[21]
bgcolor=# F2Shreveport, LouisianaApril 17, 19780
bgcolor=# F4Shreveport/Bossier City, LouisianaDecember 3, 197821978 Bossier City tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# F3Kalamazoo, MichiganMay 13, 19805 (79 injured)1980 Kalamazoo tornado[22]
bgcolor=# F0South Bend, IndianaMay 31, 19910A brief tornado touched down in the bounds of downtown South Bend, producing no damage.[23]
bgcolor=# F1Houston, TexasNovember 16, 19930 (26 injured)[24]
bgcolor=# F3Fort Smith, ArkansasApril 21, 19962 (≥40 injured)Tornado outbreak sequence of April 1996#April 21 - An F3 tornado caused significant damage across Fort Smith's downtown, industrial, and residential areas.[25]
bgcolor=# F1Miami, FloridaMay 12, 199701997 Miami tornado[26] [27]
bgcolor=# F3Detroit, Michigan/Windsor, Ontario, Canada[28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] July 2, 19970 (90 injuries)1997 Southeast Michigan tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# F3Nashville, TennesseeApril 16, 199811998 Nashville tornado outbreak[35] [36]
bgcolor=# F3Little Rock, ArkansasJanuary 21, 19992[37]
bgcolor=# F1Hull, QuebecMay 8, 19990 (6 injured)List of 1999 Oklahoma Tornado Outbreak tornadoes[38]
bgcolor=# F2Salt Lake City, UtahAugust 11, 199911999 Salt Lake City tornado[39] [40]
bgcolor=# F1Shreveport / Bossier City, LouisianaApril 23, 20000 (6 injured)A tornado damaged windows, trees, and bus stops in downtown Shreveport and Bossier City. Damage estimated at 10 million dollars.[41]
bgcolor=# F3Fort Worth, TexasMarch 28, 200022000 Fort Worth tornado[42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47]
bgcolor=# F2Guelph, OntarioJuly 17, 20000[48]
bgcolor=# F1Springfield, IllinoisApril 2, 20060Damaged the office of the Illinois Department of Transportation.[49]
bgcolor=# F2Iowa City, IowaApril 13, 20060 (30 injured)A high-end F2 damaged 1016 residential and 35 commercial buildings across Iowa City and the University of Iowa. Damage totals estimated at near 15 million dollars.[50]
bgcolor=# EF1Des Moines, IowaOctober 2, 20070
bgcolor=# EF2Atlanta, GeorgiaMarch 14, 200812008 Atlanta tornado outbreak[51]
bgcolor=# EF2Shreveport, LouisianaApril 9, 20090April 2009 tornado outbreak – A strong tornado damaged businesses, power lines, and trees in Shreveport, as well as causing significant damage to Barksdale Air Force Base.[52] [53] [54]
bgcolor=# EF2Shreveport, LouisianaOctober 29, 20090 (1 injured)The second EF2 tornado to strike Shreveport in 2009 caused an estimated 1 million dollars in damage to downtown Shreveport and threw the steeple of the First United Methodist Church onto an occupied car, injuring the person inside.[55]
bgcolor=# EF0Minneapolis, MinnesotaAugust 19, 20090[56]
bgcolor=# EF2Huntsville, AlabamaJanuary 21, 20100[57]
bgcolor=# EF3Raleigh, North CarolinaApril 16, 20116Tornado outbreak of April 14–16, 2011[58]
bgcolor=# EF3Springfield, MassachusettsJune 1, 20113 (200 injured)2011 New England tornado outbreak[59]
bgcolor=# EF0Tampa, FloridaFebruary 26, 20130[60]
bgcolor=# EF1Davenport, IowaOctober 6, 20160An EF1 tornado caused damage to the roofs of a homeless shelter and Scott County Jail, as well as widespread tree damage.[61]
bgcolor=# EF1Shreveport / Bossier City, LouisianaApril 14, 20180Tornado outbreak and blizzard of April 13–15, 2018 – An EF1 tornado caused an estimated 4 million dollars in damage across downtown Shreveport and Bossier City.[62]
bgcolor=# EF3Gatineau, QuebecSeptember 21, 20180 (25 injured)2018 Dunrobin-Gatineau EF3 - An intense, high-end EF3 tornado tracked through the National Capital Region of Canada, inflicting major damage to the town of Dunrobin, Ontario before crossing the Ottawa River into Quebec. There, at mid-EF3 intensity, it struck the heavily populated downtown area of Gatineau, ripping the roofs, walls, and top floors off of apartment buildings, as well as damaging several car dealerships.
EF4Havana, CubaJanuary 27, 20198See article on this tornado - An intense tornado produced during the passage of a cold front produced a damage path about 18 km long through central Havana. The tornado caused 8 deaths and 190+ injuries along its path. The tornado was a strong EF4 with winds estimated at 185 mph.
bgcolor=# EF2San Angelo, TexasMay 18, 20190[63] [64]
bgcolor=# EF3Nashville, TennesseeMarch 3, 20205See the article on this tornado – An intense tornado, 0.9miles wide at one point, caused severe damage to numerous structures along its path, particularly in eastern sections of Nashville. Numerous homes and large warehouse buildings were completely demolished, consistent with a high-end EF3 rating. Along its 60.13miles path, 5 people were killed and 220 others were injured. The tornado was spawned during an overnight outbreak across Middle Tennessee which collectively killed 24 people, injured 307 others, and resulted in $1.6 billion in damage.[65] [66]
bgcolor=# EF0Orlando, FloridaJune 6, 20200[67]
bgcolor=# EF1Suffolk, VirginiaAugust 4, 20200See the article on this tornado – An EF1 tornado, part of a larger tornado outbreak spawned by Hurricane Isaias, caused significant damage to at least eight buildings in downtown Suffolk. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted along the path.[68]
bgcolor=# EF0New Orleans, LouisianaMay 12, 20210A weak tornado occurred in the Uptown area of New Orleans. It peeled back the roof of a large metal building before crossing the Mississippi River into Algiers. There, a few homes and businesses sustained minor roof damage. Trees and power lines were downed along the entire path of the tornado.[69]
bgcolor=# EF1Arlington, Virginia/Washington, D.C.July 1, 20210 (1 injured)An EF1 tornado began in Arlington, snapping and uprooting numerous trees, including one that had its bark removed. Homes sustained exterior damage. The tornado crossed the Potomac River into the District of Columbia, causing tree damage at the National Mall and across Constitution Gardens. It mangled temporary fencing for an Independence Day celebration at The Mall before lifting.[70] [71] A second, brief tornado touched down east of the National Mall, causing additional damage to trees, some of which fell on cars.[72]
bgcolor=# EF1Sarasota, FloridaMarch 16, 20220The roof of an industrial building sustained significant damage.[73]
bgcolor=# EF1Jackson, MississippiMarch 30, 20220 (1 injured)See the article on this tornado – Homes sustained largely minor structural damage, except when downed trees inflicted additional damage.[74]
bgcolor=# EF1Rockford, IllinoisMarch 31, 20230See the article on this tornado – An EF1 tornado caused widespread damage to trees and intermittent damage to roofs as it moved through Rockford.[75]
bgcolor=# EF2Hendersonville, TennesseeDecember 9, 20233 (22 injuries)See the article on this tornado – A strong tornado damaged over 200 buildings in Hendersonville alone. No fatalities were reported from Sumner County.[76]
bgcolor=# EF0Fort Lauderdale, FloridaJanuary 6, 20240A brief tornado caused minor damage in Fort Lauderdale.[77]
bgcolor=# EF2Tallahassee, FloridaMay 10, 20240See the article on this tornado – The northernmost of three tornadoes in Leon County, Florida, the tornado destroyed warehouses and caused significant tree damage across its 27.22miles path, being accompanied by significant straight-line winds to 100mph, reaching a width of 0.5miles as it impacted downtown Tallahassee.[78] [79]
bgcolor=# EF1Lake Charles, LouisianaMay 13, 20240A tornado caused minor damage to trees, power lines, and a business in downtown Lake Charles.[80] [81] [82]
bgcolor=# EF1Chicago, IllinoisJuly 15, 20240Severe weather sequence of July 13–16, 2024 – A supercell embedded in a powerful derecho dropped a weak tornado in downtown Chicago.[83]
bgcolor=# EF1Buffalo, New YorkAugust 5, 20240[84]

South America

South America has no default tornado strength measurement system, so the storms here will be listed using the Fujita scale.

F#CityDateDeathsEvent
bgcolor=# F3Concepción, ChileMay 27, 193427 (599 injured)A rare tornado razed downtown Concepción in 1934. Tornadoes in Chile are not common, and this is considered to be the deadliest on record.[85] [86]
bgcolor=# F1Buenos Aires, Argentina[87] November 16, 19930An F1 tornado hit the northern district of Villa Urquiza in north-eastern downtown Buenos Aires. Trees & a pavilion were damaged.
bgcolor=# F2Chivilcoy, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina[88] January 7, 20061 (9 injured)
bgcolor=# F1São José dos Campos, Brazil[89] January 24, 20060An F1 tornado destroyed hangars & damaged buildings.
bgcolor=# F1Paraná, Argentina[90] March 17, 20060An F1 tornado caused material damage within the city.
bgcolor=# F3Barranquilla, ColombiaSeptember 15, 20060 (13 injured)Damaging tornado that was followed by severe flash flooding.
bgcolor=# F1Bogotá, Colombia[91] November 6, 2007(1 injured)Roofs were torn off buildings, including a car dealership. Windows were blown out and trees were uprooted.
bgcolor=# FUParaná, Argentina[92] February 15, 20100A tornado was reported within the city, causing no known damage.
bgcolor=# F1Limeira, Brazil[93] March 3, 20130A large F1 tornado caused serious damage within the city.
F0Brasília[94] October 1, 20140 (0 injured)Brief landspout
F0Asunción, Paraguay[95] December 26, 20150A weak tornado downed some branches.
F2Los Ángeles, Chile[96] May 30, 20190 (43 injured)Around 367 houses were damaged and a street pole was ripped out in this rare event.
F2Concepción, Chile[97] May 31, 20191 (23 injured)Several homes were damaged and some cars and trucks dumped. One person died in the city of Talcahuano.

Europe

Note: The UK uses the TORRO scale. Tornadoes reported after August of 2023 will be listed on the IF scale since the ESSL implemented it into their database in August 2023 after its initial release on July 28, 2023[98]

T#/F#CityDateDeathsEvent
bgcolor=# T8/F4London, England[99] [100] [101] [102] October 23, 10912 fatalities, unknown amount of injuriesLondon tornado of 1091, destroyed London Bridge
bgcolor=# F4Vyšehrad (now Prague), Bohemia[103] [104] July 30, 1119890Vyšehrad tornado of 1119.
bgcolor=# FUPrague, Bohemia[105] [106] May 14, 1144UnknownPrague tornado of 1144
bgcolor=# F2Kyiv, Ukraine[107] May 9, 1159UnknownAn F2 tornado touched down in Kyiv.
bgcolor=# F1Prague, BohemiaApril 8, 1255UnknownPrague tornado of 1255
bgcolor=# T7/F3Valletta, MaltaSeptember 23, 1551 (or 1556)600Valletta, Malta tornado
bgcolor=# FUAugsburg, Germany[108] July 2, 1587
bgcolor=# FURome, ItalyDecember 4, 1645
bgcolor=# F3Utrecht, Netherlands[109] [110] [111] August 1, 1674UnknownUtrecht, Netherlands tornado, damaged Dom Tower and Cathedral of St. Martin
bgcolor=# F3Rome, ItalyJune 12, 17492Rome tornado of 1749
bgcolor=# F3Padua, Italy[112] August 17, 1756UnknownPadua, 17th August Tornado
heavy damages to the city, the leaded roof of the Palazzo della Ragione was thrown nearly 30km away
bgcolor=# T8/F4Portsmouth, EnglandDecember 14, 1810UnknownPortsmouth, United Kingdom tornado
bgcolor=# T6/F3Solingen, Germany[113] August 13, 1832UnknownLow-end F3 tornado in Solingen
bgcolor=# FUCologne, Germany[114] March 8, 1858UnknownA tornado struck cologne along a 2 kilometer long path. The tornado was never rated
bgcolor=# F3Frankfurt, Germany[115] [116] Summer of 1860UnknownFrankfurt tornado of 1860
bgcolor=# FUBrno, Moravia[117] October 13, 1870Brno, Czech tornado
bgcolor=# T4/F2Vienna, AustriaJune 29, 1873UnknownTornado was observed in vienna. ESWD rated it F2. The severe storms also killed many chickens.
bgcolor=# FUBerlin, Germany[118] November 3, 1876UnknownA damaging tornado was observed in berlin. Windmills were picked up and thrown. Tornado was never rated
bgcolor=# F3Madrid, Spain[119] May 12, 188645 deadThe most catastrophic and deadliest tornado in Spain in the past 200 years, but not the most powerful
bgcolor=# F0Berlin, Germany[120] April 13, 18920A tornado was observed in Berlin. No damaged observed.
bgcolor=# F2Berlin, GermanyOctober 5, 18931 injuredESWD mentions that an F2 tornado hit berlin. 12-year-old boy injured. Planks carried about 50 meters. Roofs damaged or destroyed and trees were uprooted or snapped.
bgcolor=# F2Paris, France[121] September 10, 18965 deadTornado touched down in the heart of downtown Paris.
bgcolor=# F0Munich, GermanyMay 27, 18970Munich tornado of 1897
bgcolor=# F4Cologne, Germany[122] [123] August 7, 18983Cologne tornado of 1898
bgcolor=# FUTambov, Russia[124] June 2, 19022Tornado struck Tambov, causing 2 fatalities. Tornado was never rated
bgcolor=# F4Moscow, Russia[125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [130] [131] [132] June 29, 1904>1001904 Moscow tornado. The destroyed areas are within the city limits today, but were suburbs in 1904
bgcolor=# FUCologne, Germany[133] August 14, 1906UnknownA tornado struck Cologne. The tornado was never rated
bgcolor=# FUBerlin, Germany[134] July 25, 1909UnknownBerlin tornado of 1909
bgcolor=# FUNuremberg, Germany[135] July 22, 1910UnknownA long-track tornado was observed in Nuremberg, tracking 35 kilometers. The tornado was never rated.
bgcolor=# F3Chemnitz, Germany[136] [137] May 27, 19160Chemnitz tornado of 1916
bgcolor=# T5/F2Düsseldorf, Germany[138] [139] [140] June 8, 19242Düsseldorf tornado of 1924
bgcolor=# F3Nice, France[141] December 1, 1924Unknown deaths, 30 injuredNice tornado of 1924
bgcolor=# IF1Copenhagen, Denmark[142] November 24, 19270, 1 injuryA IF1.5 tornado took a 3.5 km long path through downtown copenhagen, causing moderate damage. Trees were snapped & uprooted, some of which were tossed. Buildings in downtown sustained heavy roof damage with one being partially destroyed, open windows were ripped out of homes & sheds were destroyed. As it hit a allotment area, a roof was torn off which injured 1 woman. It is noted that it may have reached IF2 intensity.
bgcolor=# FUBerlin, Germany[143] July 4, 19280A tornado struck berlin along a 6 km long path. Tornado was never rated
bgcolor=# F2Salzburg, Austria[144] June 4, 19291 FatalityA tornado struck Salzburg, resulting in 1 fatality, associated with a derecho. ESWD rated the tornado F2.
bgcolor=# F3-F4Lublin, Poland[145] July 20, 19313 dead (1 in Lublin, 2 behind Lublin), a dozen injuredLublin tornado of 1931
bgcolor=# F4Düsseldorf, Germany[146] [147] January 10, 19362Düsseldorf tornado of 1936
bgcolor=# FUNuremberg, Germany[148] September 18, 1939UnknownA tornado was observed in Nuremberg. Tornado was never rated
bgcolor=# FURanders, Denmark[149] July 17, 1941UnknownA tornado struck Randers. No damage known.
bgcolor=# T1/F0Randers, Denmark[150] May 15, 19450A tornado struck the dock area of Randers, lifting circus tents & tossing around benches
bgcolor=# F2Hannover, Germany[151] September 15, 19500Hannover tornado of 1950
bgcolor=# T3/F1Oldenburg, Germany[152] May 16, 19530A high-end F1 tornado touched down in Oldenburg.
bgcolor=# T2/F1Slough, United Kingdom[153] September 17, 19530A low-end F1 tornado touched down in Slough.
bgcolor=# F3Castelo Branco, Portugal[154] [155] November 6, 19545 dead, 220 injured
bgcolor=# F0Magdeburg, GermanyJuly 25, 19550Magdeburg tornado of 1955
bgcolor=# F1Düsseldorf, GermanyOctober 6, 1955UnknownDüsseldorf tornado of 1955
bgcolor=# F1Szczecin, Poland[156] August 25, 19560Szczecin tornado of 1956
bgcolor=# F1Perm, Russia[157] June 17, 1960UnknownPerm tornado of 1960
bgcolor=# F1Voronezh, RussiaAugust 14, 1961UnknownVoronezh tornado of 1961
bgcolor=# FUMinsk, Belarus[158] May 18, 1963UnknownTornado reported in Minsk. The tornado was never rated
bgcolor=# F2Esbjerg, DenmarkAugust 1, 1966UnknownESWD mentions that a tornado destroyed roofs in esbjerg.
bgcolor=# F4Padua and Venice, Italy[159] [160] [161] [162] [163] September 11, 197036Struck the area between the Province of Padua and Venice Lagoon.
bgcolor=# F3Nizhny Novgorod, Russia[164] July 3, 1974UnknownNizhny Novgorod tornado of 1974
bgcolor=# F1Sanremo, Italy[165] January 20, 19815 injuredTornado started as a waterspout, moving inland in sanremo. Houses and vehicles damaged and trees were uprooted. Rated F1 by ESWD.
bgcolor=# T3/F1Wallasey, UKNovember 23, 198101981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# T2/F1St Helens, UKNovember 23, 198101981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# T3/F1Warrington, UKNovember 23, 198101981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak. Tornado started over Croft, but then later hit Warrington. Traveled 6.8 miles.
bgcolor=# T2/F1Oldham, UKNovember 23, 198101981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak. Tornado started in Hollinwood and traveled 3.1 miles, impacting Oldham.
bgcolor=# T2/F1Dudley, UKNovember 23, 198101981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# T1/F0Luton, UKNovember 23, 198101981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# T1/F0Norwich, UKNovember 23, 198101981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# T2/F1Chelmsford, UKNovember 23, 198101981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# T3/F1Berlin, Germany[166] May 16, 19830A high-end F1 tornado was observed in Berlin.
bgcolor=# F4Ivanovo/Yaroslavl/Perm/Tver/Kostroma[167] [168] [169] [170] [171] June 9, 1984More than 400 deaths in the outbreak1984 Soviet Union tornado outbreak
bgcolor=# F2Oulu, Finland[172] August 11, 1985UnknownA waterspout made landfall in Oulu, causing F2 damage.
bgcolor=# F2Turku, Finland[173] July 21, 1988UnknownA tornado struck Turku, causing F2 damage.
bgcolor=# F1Copenhagen, Denmark[174] June 30, 19970A tornado hit Copenhagen across a 0.7 km long and 60 meter wide path. Rated F1 by ESWD.
bgcolor=# F2Moscow, Russia[175] June 21, 199811 deaths, 200 injuriesAn F2 tornado damaged over 2000 homes, damaged over 120 thousand trees, as well as damaging cranes and vehicles
bgcolor=# F2St Pölten, Austria[176] July 7, 19983 InjuriesA tornado hit Pölten across a 5 km long and 250 meter wide path. ESWD gave the tornado an F2 rating.
bgcolor=# FUSochi, RussiaSeptember 24, 1998UnknownA tornado touched down in Sochi. The tornado was never rated
bgcolor=# F1Saransk, Russia[177] April 26, 19990A tornado went through Saransk across a 0.5 km long and 10 meter wide path. Two cars were moved. ESWD rated it F1.
bgcolor=# F2Monza, Italy[178] 15 April 2000Monza-Villasanta tornado of 2000.
bgcolor=# F1Copenhagen, Denmark[179] June 11, 20040Tornado over Copenhagen, tracking 1 kilometer. Rated F1 by ESWD.
bgcolor=# F1Randers, Denmark[180] July 3, 20040Tornado damaged homes across a 2 km long path in Randers. Rated F1 by ESWD.
bgcolor=# F2Duisburg, Oberhausen, Germany[181] July 18, 20046 injured
bgcolor=# F1Oslo, Norway[182] October 22, 20040F1 Tornado hit The dock area of oslo, causing moderate damage. Trees were downed, cars were moved & a street sign were bent 35 degrees
bgcolor=# FUÖrebro, Sweden[183] July 15, 2005UnknownA tornado hit Örebro along a 3 kilometer long path. The tornado was never rated.
bgcolor=# FUVäxjö, SwedenJuly 15, 2005UnknownA tornado hit Växjö. The tornado was never rated.
bgcolor=# F1Halmstad, SwedenJuly 16, 2005UnknownAn F1 tornado hit Halmstad.
bgcolor=# T4/F2Birmingham, United Kingdom[184] [185] [186] [187] [188] [189] [190] July 28, 20050 killed, 30 injuredBirmingham Tornado (UK)
bgcolor=# FUHelsinki, Finland[191] August 28, 20050 killed, 7 injuredA tornado hit Helsinki, causing 7 injuries. The tornado was never rated.
bgcolor=# F2Hamburg, Germany[192] [193] [194]
[195] |March 27, 2006|2 killed, ≥2 injured|A tornado hit Hamburg, killing 2 crane operators and injuring at least two people.|-|bgcolor=# | T4/F2|Nuremberg, Germany[196] |August 28, 2006|0|A tornado was observed in Nuremberg, tracking 1.7 kilometers with a max width of 250 meters. Roofs and chimneys were damaged, some of which were severely damaged. 10 - 15 meter tall trees were snapped.|-|bgcolor=# | T4/F2|London, United Kingdom[197] [198] [199] [200] [201] [202] [203] [204] [205] |December 7, 2006|0|London tornado of 2006|-|bgcolor=# | F2|Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany[206] |June 25, 2007|Unknown|Oberrad tornado of 2007|-|bgcolor=# | F1|Helsingborg, Sweden[207] |August 16, 2007|Unknown|An F1 tornado hit Helsingborg.|-| bgcolor="#" | F2|Ålborg, Denmark[208] |August 10, 2008|Unknown|southern part of downtown Ålborg was hit by an F2/IF2 tornado that tracked 6.6 KM. Roofs sustained high-end F1/IF1 damage with some buildings being partly deroofed. Trees were uprooted or snapped, including A healthy hardwood tree that was snapped at F2/IF2 intensity.|-|bgcolor=# | T4/F2|Málaga, Spain[209] [210] [211] |February 1, 2009|0|Málaga tornado of 2009|-|bgcolor=# | F1|Kolpino, Russia[212] |July 9, 2010|||-|bgcolor=# | F3|Blagoveshchensk, Russia[213] [214] |July 31, 2011|1 killed, 38 injured|Blagoveshchensk tornado|-|bgcolor=# | T2/F1|Chorzów, Poland[215] [216] |August 21, 2016|0|Chorzów - Siemianowice Śląskie tornado|-|bgcolor=# | T2/F1|Amsterdam, Netherlands[217] |August 9, 2019|0|A waterspout hit land and caused damage in Amsterdam's Centrum.|-|bgcolor=# | F2|Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine[218] [219] |October 17, 2020|3 injuries|A tornado caused damage in Kropyvnytskyi. More than 100 roofs were damaged, lots of them badly, occasionally walls collapsed or were badly damaged, dozens of trees were snapped, debranched or uprooted. 3 people sustained injuries.|-|bgcolor=# | F1|Barking, UK[220] |June 25, 2021|0|A tornado caused moderate damage in Barking.|-|bgcolor=# | F1|Kiel, Germany[221] [222] |September 29, 2021|7 Injuries|A long track tornado hit Kiel. Started in, moving through Kiel across a 14.5 km long & 70 meter wide path. It ended near Dorf (Kiel). Roofs were severely damaged by this tornado. A supercell waterspout was also spawned in parallel to the main tornado as it was crossing the rivers near Kiel's dock. The tornado remained on the ground for 31 minutes. Several people were injured when they were thrown into the water.|-|bgcolor=# | F1|Mechelen, Belgium[223] |October 12, 2021|0|A brief F1 tornado partly blew off the roof of a garage & damaged another apartment.|-|bgcolor=# | F0|Anapa, Russia[224] |January 29, 2022|0|ESWD mentions that a tornado started as a waterspout, moving inland in Anapa. Roofs were damaged.|-|bgcolor=# | T1/F0|Sandnes, Norway[225] [226] |February 6, 2022|0|A brief high-end F0/T1 tornado hit Sandnes. Roof tiles ripped off, sheds blown away, fencing downed & a tree was uprooted. The tornado tracked 0.1 km, reaching a max width of 30 meters.|-|bgcolor=# | F2|Lippstadt, Germany[227] [228] [229] |May 20, 2022|0|A large wedge tornado hit Lippstadt, associated with a cyclic supercell that produced several tornadoes. Considerable damage occurred during this tornado's 13.4 km long path. Roofs were damaged or partly deroofed. Roof tiles were stripped off homes. One Farm sustained heavy deroofing. A church had its wooden tower demolished. trees lost large branches and were uprooted or snapped, some of which landed on vehicles. Some trees sustained debranching as well. No injuries were reported.|-|bgcolor=# | F2|Paderborn, Germany[227] [230] [231] |May 20, 2022|43 Injuries|A tornado, associated with a cyclic supercell that produced several tornadoes caused considerable damage to buildings, trees, and vehicles in Paderborn, leaving 43 injured along its 21.5 km long path. Roofs were severely damaged or destroyed, including a church that saw severe roof tile loss. A factory had its steel roof structure severely destroyed and peeled back. A building had its garage port blown in. Windows were broken and debris was impaled into buildings, vehicles, and objects, including a Ford Transit Connect van that saw significant damage to the trunk when it was impaled by debris. Trees lost large branches and were uprooted, snapped, or twisted, some landing on vehicles. Several cars, trucks & caravans were overturned, flipped, or destroyed.|-|bgcolor=# | FU|Sergiyev Posad, Russia[232] |July 18, 2023|0|A weak tornado hit Sergiyev Posad, but was never rated.|-|bgcolor=# | FU|Mahilyow, Belarus[233] |July 27, 2023|0|A tornado hit Mahilyow, but was never rated.|-|bgcolor=# | IFU|Salerno, Italy[234] |November 21, 2023|0|A waterspout made landfall in Salerno. The tornado was never rated.|-|bgcolor=# | IFU|Genoa, Italy[234] |November 29, 2023|0|A waterspout made landfall in the port area at downtown Genoa. The tornado was never rated.|-|bgcolor=# | IFU|Rhodes, Greece[234] [235] |February 12, 2024|0|A waterspout made landfall in the port area at downtown Rhodes, causing damage to ships & downing trees. The tornado has not yet been rated|}

Africa

Africa has no default tornado strength measurement system, so the storms here will be listed using the Fujita Scale.

F#CityDateDeathsEvent
bgcolor=# F4Roodepoort, South Africa[236] November 26, 19484The parent cell produced 15 known tornadoes, wrecked 700 homes, and caused an estimated R150,000,000 in damage.
bgcolor=# F?Albertynesville, South Africa[237] November 30, 195220Albertynesville, South Africa Tornado
bgcolor=# F2Paynesville, South Africa[238] December 2, 195211Paynesville, South Africa Tornado
bgcolor=# F3Mtata, South Africa[239] December 15, 199815Mtata, South Africa Tornado
bgcolor=# F3Klerksdorp, South Africa[240] March 3, 20071Klerksdorp, South Africa Tornado
bgcolor=# F4Duduza/East Rand, South Africa[241] October 2, 20112East Rand – Duduza, South Africa Tornado

Asia

Most of Asia has no default tornado strength measurement system (though Japan has been known to use the Fujita Scale in the past), so the storms here will be listed using the Fujita Scale.[242]

F#/EF#CityDateDeathsEvent
bgcolor=# F?Miyazaki, Miyazaki Prefecture, JapanSeptember 26, 188116Miyazaki Tornado of 1881
bgcolor=# F?Dhaka, Bangladesh[243] April 7, 1888184 dead, 1200 injured
bgcolor=# F?Yodobashi City, Shinjuku, Tokyo, JapanSeptember 23, 190310, 14 injured
bgcolor=# F?Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture, JapanNovember 28, 194112 dead, 177 injured, 347 homes destroyed
bgcolor=# F4Shanghai, China[244] September 24, 195668 deaths, hundreds injuredA typhoon-related event
bgcolor=# F?Tomiye City, Nagasaki Prefecture, JapanNovember 10, 19578
bgcolor=# F?Tokyo, JapanMay 24, 1964480 homes damaged
bgcolor=# F4Yancheng, China[245] March 3, 196687 deaths, 1246 injuredLifted a transfomer of tons to the other side of a big river and severely damaged a concrete factory
bgcolor=# F3+Bazhou and Tianjin, China[246] August 29, 1969>94 deaths, hundreds injuredThis tornado first caused high casualties in several villages before entering downtown Tianjin with near peak intensity. Concrete factories were severely damaged and some leveled.
bgcolor=# F3+Hulan, ChinaJuly 3, 19871 dead, 161 injuredHulan, Heilongjiang Tornado
bgcolor=# F?New Delhi, India[247] March 17–18, 197828 dead, 700 injuredNew Delhi Tornado
bgcolor=# F3Dalatpur Upazila, Manikganj/Saturia, BangladeshApril 26, 19891300+Daulatpur-Saturia Tornado
bgcolor=# F3Mobara, Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan[248] December 11, 19900, 78 injured, 1000 homes damagedMobara Tornado
bgcolor=# F?Shanghai, People's Republic of China[249] August 11, 19954
bgcolor=# F?Dhaka Division, Bangladesh[250] May 13, 1996700+
bgcolor=# F3Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan[251] September 24, 19994Toyohashi City, Japan Tornadoes
bgcolor=# F?Tokyo, JapanSeptember 12, 20000, several homes damaged
bgcolor=# F3Nobeoka, Miyazaki Prefecture on Kyūshū, Japan[252] September 18, 20063Nobeoka, Miyazaki Tornado
bgcolor=# EF3Longgang, China[253] August 18, 200711 dead, 60+ injuredRelated to Typhoon Sepat
bgcolor=# EF3+Lingbi County, Anhui, People's Republic of China[254] June 20, 20081Lingbi, Anhui Tornado
bgcolor=# EF1New Taipei, Taiwan[255] May 12, 20110 known, some light damageXindian District, New Taipei city Tornado
bgcolor=# F?New Manila, Quezon City, Philippines[256] June 24, 2011at least 1 injured, more than 30 homes damagedNew Manila Tornado
bgcolor=# F3Tsukuba&Jōsō, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan[257] May 6, 20121 dead, 30 injured, 345 homes damagedTsukuba & Jōsō, Ibaraki Tornado
bgcolor=# F2Koshigaya, Saitama Prefecture, Japan[258] September 2, 201363 injured,89 homes damagedKoshigaya, Saitama Tornado
bgcolor=# F?Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines[259] November 4, 201313 injured, more than 20 homes damagedTropical Depression Wilma
bgcolor=# F?Cebu City, Philippines[260] April 8, 20141 injured, more than 20 homes damagedCebu City Tornado
bgcolor=# EF4+Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China[261] June 23, 201699 dead, 846 injuredJiangsu tornado
bgcolor=# F?Manila, Philippines[262] August 14, 20161 injuredManila tornado
bgcolor=# F?Marikina, Philippines[263] September 14, 20182 injuredTyphoon Mangkhut
bgcolor=# EF4Kaiyuan, China[264] July 3, 20197 deaths, 190 injuredKaiyuan, Liaoning Tornado
bgcolor=# EF1Yingkou, China[265] August 16, 2019Yingkou, Liaoning Tornado
bgcolor=# EF2Danzhou, China[266] August 29, 20198 dead, 8 injuredRelated to Tropical Storm Podul
bgcolor=# EF2Guangzhou, ChinaJune 16, 20220Tornadoes of 2022#June 16 (China)

Notable absences

The 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak that spawned the deadly F5 tornado which struck Oklahoma City and some of its suburbs, including Moore and Midwest City, is not listed because it did not reach the downtown core of Oklahoma City. The 2013 Moore tornado is also not included for the same reason.

The downtown areas of two then-small towns (now large cities) in North Carolina were struck during the 1884 Enigma outbreak: Concord and Cary. Downtown Concord was struck a second time by a tornado in May 1936.[267] [268] [269]

The 1987 Edmonton Tornado is not listed because it struck industrial parks, trailer parks, and suburban areas, and was far away from Edmonton's downtown core. The "Oak Lawn tornado" of April 21, 1967 which killed 33 people, mostly those in rush hour traffic at a busy intersection, and moved across southern Chicago onto Lake Michigan is not included because it missed the downtown core. Most recently, the 2008 Memphis tornado on February 5, 2008, also missed the downtown area (by a significant distance).

The Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence in 1953 produced several tornadoes that struck metropolitan areas. However, none of the tornadoes hit downtown areas, moving through areas just north or west of the city cores. Therefore, these twisters are not included.[270]

Tornado-warned supercells have moved into cities, including Toronto in August 2005[271] and Chicago in July 2023,[272] however only storms that produced confirmed tornadoes in downtown city centers are included.

The devastating and violent EF5 tornado that hit Joplin, Missouri in 2011 is not listed as the tornado did not impact downtown, instead impacting residential areas in the south of the city. The F3 tornado that affected Joplin on May 5, 1971 is not included as the population was below 50,000.[273]

Another notable absence is the July 7, 1915 storm that struck Cincinnati, killing 38 people. This was determined to be most likely a windstorm causing downbursts or even a series of microbursts (with much of the damage coming from the straight-line winds), and not a tornado.[274] [275]

European tornadoes that are listed before 1950 are for cities that had at least 50,000 people in them at the time. Tornadoes dating back to 1054 are confirmed, due to extensive record-keeping for many weather events and other until-then unexplained weather occurrences.

On September 8, 2010, Tropical Storm Hermine went over the state of Texas and produced a few tornadoes in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. One notable tornado was located in an industrialized area west of downtown Dallas before it lifted up over Interstate 35E just south of Dallas Love Field. However, the EF2 tornado was about 3– away and did not strike the immediate downtown Dallas area. Similarly, the 1957 Dallas tornado hit areas northwest and north and downtown, missing the core of the city. The May 26, 1976 and October 20, 2019, Dallas tornadoes were also not listed for the same reasons (striking the northern Dallas neighborhoods in an almost identical track between each other).

The city of Auckland in New Zealand has experienced multiple fatal tornadoes in its history, including one in 2012 which killed 3 people.[276] However, none of these tornadoes have reached the downtown district of the city.

The July 2024 Midwest derecho produced multiple tornadoes impacting large cities, including Des Moines, Iowa,[277] Davenport, Iowa,[278] Peoria, Illinois,[279] Joliet, Illinois,[280] and Chicago, Illinois; only the tornado in Chicago reached a downtown area.

Tornadoes that have struck cities that fell short of 50,000 at their previous census include Hattiesburg, Mississippi's 2013 EF4,[281] Fort Smith, Arkansas's 1898 F4,[282] Portage, Michigan's 2024 EF2,[283] Newnan, Georgia's 2021 EF4,[284] and Barrie, Ontario's 1985 F4.[285] The city of Rome, New York was hit by an EF2 tornado in July 2024; it is not included as the city's population, which exceeded 50,000 in the past, had a 2020 population of under 40,000.[286]

See also

External links

Notes and References

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  3. Tornado Climatology NWS St. Louis, Missouri
  4. Web site: Ask Tom: Is there a reason why tornadoes don't hit the Loop?. Chicago Tribune. 10 April 2015 . 4 June 2019. 4 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190604223912/https://www.chicagotribune.com/weather/ct-wea-0411-asktom-20150410-column.html. live.
  5. Web site: Missouri Valley Special Collections : Search Results. 6 October 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006105255/http://localhistory.kclibrary.org/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=exact&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=all&CISOBOX1=Tornadoes. 6 October 2014.
  6. Web site: D.C. Listing of Tornadoes. 2009-02-13. Watson, Barbara M.. 1999-12-02. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Baltimore/Washington. 2010-09-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20100901204026/http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/lwx/Historic_Events/DC-tornado-events.htm. live.
  7. Ludlam, pg. 46
  8. Grazulis, pg. 555
  9. Web site: Washington, D. C., Tornado of May 14, 1927. 2009-02-13. Samuels, L. T.. May 1927. Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 227. 2009-02-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20090224214041/http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/055/mwr-055-05-0227.pdf. live.
  10. http://www.tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080206/NEWS15/802070393
  11. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/tornado_1933/pages4-5.jpg
  12. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/tornado_1933/pages8-9.jpg
  13. Web site: NewsChannel 5.com – Nashville, Tennessee – Similarities and Differences Between 1933 and 1998 Nashville Tornadoes. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120208103508/http://www.newschannel5.com/Global/story.asp?S=8164131. 2012-02-08.
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