List of ties for medals at the Olympics explained

This article lists all ties for medals at the Olympics. A tie occurs when two or more individual or teams achieve identical results in the Olympics. In these cases, there are multiple winners awarded the same medal.

Ties for medals at the Olympics

Ties occasionally occur during the games, and since medals are complicated to produce, the Olympic organising committee makes advance arrangements for extra medals to be produced in the event of a tie.[1] [2]

Number of ties for medals in Olympics history

'Total' shows the number of ties for medals in Olympics history, while 'Events' shows the number of events with at least one medal tie. There can be more than one tie for medals for one event as there can be ties for gold, silver, and bronze.

GamesGoldSilverBronzeEventsTotal
Summer Olympic Games313758122126
Winter Olympic Games91382930

List of ties at the Summer Olympics

GamesSportEventGoldSilverBronze
AthleticsMen's high jump
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[3]
Men's pole vault
[4]
Men's 100 metres
[5]
FencingMen's foil
[6]
ArcherySur la Perche à la Herse
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[7]
EquestrianHigh jump
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[8]
RugbyMen's tournament
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[9]
ShootingMen's 300 metre free rifle, three positions
[10]
Men's 300 metre free rifle, kneeling
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[11]
BoxingWelterweight
[12] [13]
DivingPlatform
[14]
GolfMen's individual
[15]
GymnasticsMen's vault
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[16]
Men's horizontal bar
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[17]
AthleticsMen's standing high jump
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[18]
Men's pole vault
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.
[19]
Men's high jump
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[20]
DivingMen's 3 metre springboard
[21]
HockeyMen's tournament
[22]
PoloMen's tournament
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[23]
RacketsMen's singles
[24]
ShootingMen's trap
[25] [26]
AthleticsMen's pole vault
[27]
Men's pentathlon
[28] [29]
Men's decathlon
[30]
RowingMen's single sculls
[31]
WrestlingMen's Greco-Roman light heavyweightNot awarded
as the event was a draw.
[32]
WrestlingMen's freestyle heavyweight
[33]
GymnasticsMen's rope climbing
[34]
Men's sidehorse vault
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[35]
WeightliftingMen's 67.5 kg
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[36]
GymnasticsMen's floor
[37]
WeightliftingMen's 67.5 kg
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[38]
GymnasticsMen's parallel bars
[39]
Men's pommel horse
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[40]
Men's vault
[41]
GymnasticsMen's floor
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[42]
Men's horizontal bar
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[43]
Men's pommel horse
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[44]
Men's rings
[45]
Men's vault
[46]
AthleticsWomen's high jump
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[47]
Men's 400 metres
[48]
GymnasticsWomen's floor
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[49]
Men's rings
[50]
Women's balance beam
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[51]
Women's vault
[52]
Men's floor
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[53]
Men's vault
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[54]
Men's parallel bars
[55]
Women's team portable apparatus
[56]
AthleticsWomen's high jump
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[57]
GymnasticsMen's pommel horse
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[58]
Men's rings
[59]
Men's vault
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[60]
GymnasticsMen's individual all-around
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[61]
Men's floor exercise
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[62]
Women's vault
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[63]
GymnasticsMen's horizontal bar
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[64]
Women's floor
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[65]
FootballMen's team
[66]
GymnasticsWomen's uneven bars
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[67]
GymnasticsMen's horizontal bar
[68]
Men's pommel horse
[69]
Women's vault
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[70]
AthleticsMen's pole vault
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[71]
GymnasticsWomen's artistic individual all-around
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[72]
Women's floor
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.
[73]
Women's uneven bars
[74]
AthleticsMen's pole vault
[75]
Women's 100 metres hurdles
[76]
GymnasticsMen's floor
[77]
Men's pommel horse
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[78]
Men's rings
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[79]
Men's vault
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[80]
Women's balance beam
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[81]
Women's uneven bars
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[82]
SwimmingWomen's 100 metre freestyle
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[83]
AthleticsMen's high jump
[84]
GymnasticsMen's floor
[85]
Men's horizontal bar
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.
[86]
Men's pommel horse
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[87]
Men's rings
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[88]
Women's balance beam
[89]
SwimmingWomen's 50 metre freestyle
[90]
AthleticsMen's high jump
[91]
GymnasticsMen's floor
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[92]
Men's horizontal bar
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[93]
Men's parallel bars
[94]
Men's pommel horse
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[95]
Men's rings
[96]
Women's vault
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[97]
Women's balance beam
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[98]
Women's floor
[99]
Synchronized swimmingWomen's solo
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[100]
GymnasticsMen's horizontal bar
[101]
Men's rings
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[102]
Women's artistic individual all-around
[103]
Women's uneven bars
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[104]
AthleticsWomen's 100 metresNot awarded
due to medal re-awarding.
[105] [106]
Women's high jump
[107]
SwimmingMen's 50 metre freestyle
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[108]
Women's 100 metre freestyle
[109]
SwimmingWomen's 200 metre backstroke
[110]
AthleticsWomen's 100 metres
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[111]
SwimmingMen's 100 metre freestyle
[112]
Men's 100 metre backstroke
[113]
AthleticsMen's high jump
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[114] [115]
CyclingMen's keirin
[116]
SwimmingMen's 200 metre freestyle
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[117]
Men's 100 metre butterfly
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[118]
WrestlingMen's freestyle 120 kg
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.

(awarded due to repechage)		[119]
CanoeingMen's K-1 200 metres
[120]
SwimmingMen's 100 metre butterfly
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[121]
Women's 100 metre freestyle
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[122]
Women's 100 metre backstroke
[123]
AthleticsMen's high jump
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[124]
GymnasticsWomen's floor
[125]
SwimmingMen's 100 metre breaststroke
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[126]
AthleticsWomen's high jump
[127]
GymnasticsMen's horizontal bar
[128]
CanoeingWomen's K-2 500 metres
Lisa Carrington
Alicia Hoskin
Tamara Csipes
Alida Dóra Gazsó
Paulina Paszek
Jule Hake

Noémi Pupp
Sára Fojt		[129]

List of ties at the Winter Olympics

GamesSportEventGoldSilverBronze
Speed skatingMen's 500 metres
[130]
Speed skatingMen's 500 metres
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.
[131]
Alpine skiingMen's downhill
[132]
Speed skatingMen's 500 metres
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[133]
Speed skatingMen's 500 metres
[134]
Speed skatingMen's 1500 metres
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[135]
Speed skatingMen's 1500 metres
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[136]
Alpine skiingWomen's giant slalom
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[137]
Figure skatingPairs
Ludmila Belousova
Oleg Protopopov
Marika Kilius
Hans-Jürgen Bäumler

Debbi Wilkes
Guy Revell		[138]
Speed skatingMen's 500 metres
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[139]
Women's 3000 metres
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[140]
Speed skatingWomen's 500 metres
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[141]
Men's 1500 metres
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[142]
Men's 500 metres
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[143]
LugeDoubles
Horst Hörnlein
Reinhard Bredow

Paul Hildgartner
Walter Plaikner		Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.
Klaus-Michael Bonsack
Wolfram Fiedler		[144]
Ski jumpingNormal hill individual
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[145]
Speed skatingMen's 1000 metres
[146]
Alpine skiingWomen's giant slalom
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[147]
Alpine skiingMen's super-G
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[148]
BobsleighTwo-man
Günther Huber
Antonio Tartaglia

Pierre Lueders
Dave MacEachern		Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.
Christoph Langen
Markus Zimmermann		[149]
Four-man
Christoph Langen
Markus Zimmermann
Marco Jakobs
Olaf Hampel
Marcel Rohner
Markus Nüssli
Markus Wasser
Beat Seitz
Sean Olsson
Dean Ward
Courtney Rumbolt
Paul Attwood

Bruno Mingeon
Emmanuel Hostache
Éric Le Chanony
Max Robert		[150]
Cross-country skiingMen's 2 x 10 kilometre pursuit
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[151]
Figure skatingPairs
Elena Berezhnaya
Anton Sikharulidze

Jamie Salé
David Pelletier		Not awarded
due to medal re-awarding.		[152] [153]
BiathlonMen's individual
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[154]
Alpine skiingMen's super-G
[155]
Women's downhill
Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.		[156]
Cross-country skiingWomen's 10 kilometre freestyle
[157]
BobsleighTwo-man
Francesco Friedrich
Thorsten Margis

Justin Kripps
Alexander Kopacz		Not awarded
as there was a tie for gold.
Oskars Melbārdis
Jānis Strenga		[158]
Four-man
Francesco Friedrich
Candy Bauer
Martin Grothkopp
Thorsten Margis
Nico Walther
Kevin Kuske
Alexander Rödiger
Eric Franke

Won Yun-jong
Jun Jung-lin
Seo Young-woo
Kim Dong-hyun		Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.		[159]

Ties not included in this list

This list does not include events where two bronze medals are awarded due to repechage or the non-existence of a bronze-medal playoff as they are awarded due to the rules of the sports, thus not considered as ties. All events that are not listed, namely those below, awarded two bronze medals.

SportYearsReason
1900 No bronze medal playoff
1900 No bronze medal playoff
1908 Bronze awarded in both semi-finals to second-place finishers
1896–1904, 1988–1992 No bronze medal playoff
1992 No bronze medal playoff
1992 No bronze medal playoff
1952–present No bronze medal playoff
2020 No bronze medal playoff
1964, 1972–present Repechage
2008–presentRepechage
2008 –presentRepechage

In addition, two finals were held for one rowing event at the 1900 Olympics, men's coxed four. This was due to a controversy about which boats should advance to the final; thus two separate finals were held, awarding two sets of medals for the same event, both which are considered Olympic championships by the International Olympic Committee.

Similarly, two finals were held for some sailing events at the 1900 Olympics, namely 0 to .5 ton, .5 to 1 ton, 1 to 2 ton, 2 to 3 ton and 3 to 10 ton.[160]

See also

External links

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Germano. Sara. When Two People Win Gold, Where Do They Get the Extra Medal?. Wall Street Journal. 28 August 2016. 12 February 2014.
  2. Web site: Eveleth. Rose. Rose Eveleth. What Happens When There’s a Tie at the Olympics?. Smithsonian.com. 2016-11-15. 2016-11-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20161115193330/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-happens-when-theres-tie-olympics-180949754/. live.
  3. Web site: Athens 1896 Athletics - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 19 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190419161112/https://www.olympic.org/athens-1896/athletics. live.
  4. Web site: Athens 1896 Athletics - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 19 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190419161112/https://www.olympic.org/athens-1896/athletics. live.
  5. Web site: Athens 1896 Athletics - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 19 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190419161112/https://www.olympic.org/athens-1896/athletics. live.
  6. Web site: Athens 1896 Fencing – Men's foil. International Olympic Committee. 3 September 2021. en. 12 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210512190402/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896/results/fencing. live.
  7. Web site: Paris 1900 Archery - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en.
  8. Web site: Paris 1900 Equestrian Jumping - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en.
  9. Web site: Paris 1900 Rugby - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 25 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170325012918/https://www.olympic.org/paris-1900/rugby. live.
  10. Web site: Paris 1900 Shooting - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 19 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160919123149/https://www.olympic.org/paris-1900/shooting. live.
  11. Web site: Paris 1900 Shooting - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 19 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160919123149/https://www.olympic.org/paris-1900/shooting. live.
  12. Web site: St Louis 1904 Boxing - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 1 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035209/https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904/boxing. live.
  13. [Jack Egan (boxer)|Jack Egan]
  14. Web site: St Louis 1904 Diving - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 19 August 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240819131150/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/st-louis-1904/results/diving. live.
  15. Web site: St Louis 1904 Golf - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 1 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201055343/https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904/golf. live.
  16. Web site: St Louis 1904 Gymnastics Artistic - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 25 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170325012810/https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904/gymnastics-artistic. live.
  17. Web site: St Louis 1904 Gymnastics Artistic - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 25 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170325012810/https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904/gymnastics-artistic. live.
  18. Web site: London 1908 Athletics - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 12 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201012211219/https://www.olympic.org/london-1908/athletics. live.
  19. Web site: London 1908 Athletics - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 12 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201012211219/https://www.olympic.org/london-1908/athletics. live.
  20. Web site: London 1908 Athletics - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 12 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201012211219/https://www.olympic.org/london-1908/athletics. live.
  21. Web site: London 1908 Diving - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en.
  22. Web site: London 1908 Hockey - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en.
  23. Web site: London 1908 Polo - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 1 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032213/https://www.olympic.org/london-1908/polo. live.
  24. Web site: London 1908 Rackets - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 1 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042938/https://www.olympic.org/london-1908/rackets. live.
  25. Web site: Shooting at the 1908 London Summer Games: Men's Trap. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417205735/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1908/SHO/mens-trap.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  26. Metaxas is generally credited with a bronze medal; no tie-breaker was held. The 1908 official report at p. 280 lists Metaxas as having tied with Maunder and assigns bronze medals to each. However, Metaxas does not appear in the IOC medal database, which lists only Maunder as sole bronze medalist. Some sources follow this database.
  27. Web site: Athletics at the 1912 Stockholm Summer Games: Men's Pole Vault. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417173914/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1912/ATH/mens-pole-vault.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  28. Web site: Stockholm 1912 Athletics - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 16 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200916130424/https://www.olympic.org/stockholm-1912/athletics. live.
  29. Thorpe's gold medals were stripped by the International Olympic Committee in 1913, after the IOC learned that Thorpe had played semi-pro baseball before, violating Olympic amateurism rules, before the 1912 Games. This moved everyone else up in the rankings. In 1982, the IOC was convinced that the disqualification had been improper, as no protest against Thorpe's eligibility had been brought within the required 30 days and reinstated Thorpe's medals. The three medalists promoted were not retroactively demoted, leaving co-champions in these events.
  30. Web site: Stockholm 1912 Athletics - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 16 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200916130424/https://www.olympic.org/stockholm-1912/athletics. live.
  31. Web site: Stockholm 1912 Rowing - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 25 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170325012136/https://www.olympic.org/stockholm-1912/rowing. live.
  32. Web site: Stockholm 1912 Wrestling Greco-Roman - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 25 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170325012143/https://www.olympic.org/stockholm-1912/wrestling-greco-roman. live.
  33. Web site: Antwerp 1920 Wrestling Freestyle - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 25 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170325011657/https://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920/wrestling-freestyle. live.
  34. Web site: Paris 1924 Gymnastics Artistic - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 8 August 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170808114812/https://www.olympic.org/paris-1924/gymnastics-artistic. live.
  35. Web site: Paris 1924 Gymnastics Artistic - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 8 August 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170808114812/https://www.olympic.org/paris-1924/gymnastics-artistic. live.
  36. Web site: Amsterdam 1928 Weightlifting - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 25 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170325010754/https://www.olympic.org/amsterdam-1928/weightlifting. live.
  37. Web site: Berlin 1936 Gymnastics Artistic - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 19 August 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240819131240/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/berlin-1936/results/gymnastics-artistic. live.
  38. Web site: Berlin 1936 Weightlifting - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 1 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201073641/https://www.olympic.org/berlin-1936/weightlifting. live.
  39. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1948 London Summer Games: Men's parallel Bars. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417175940/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1948/GYM/mens-parallel-bars.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  40. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1948 London Summer Games: Men's Pommelled Horse. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417175946/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1948/GYM/mens-pommelled-horse.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  41. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1948 London Summer Games: Men's Horse Vault. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417175942/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1948/GYM/mens-horse-vault.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  42. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1952 Helsinki Summer Games: Men's Floor Exercise. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417100943/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1952/GYM/mens-floor-exercise.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  43. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1952 Helsinki Summer Games: Men's Horizontal Bar. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417100946/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1952/GYM/mens-horizontal-bar.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  44. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1952 Helsinki Summer Games: Men's Pommelled Horse. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417100753/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1952/GYM/mens-pommelled-horse.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  45. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1952 Helsinki Summer Games: Men's Rings. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417100945/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1952/GYM/mens-rings.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  46. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1952 Helsinki Summer Games: Men's Horse Vault. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417100945/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1952/GYM/mens-horse-vault.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  47. Web site: Melbourne / Stockholm 1956 Athletics - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en.
  48. Web site: Melbourne / Stockholm 1956 Athletics - Results & Videos. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 25 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170325001529/https://www.olympic.org/melbourne-/-stockholm-1956/athletics. live.
  49. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1956 Melbourne Summer Games: Women's Floor Exercise. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417115123/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1956/GYM/womens-floor-exercise.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  50. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1956 Melbourne Summer Games: Men's Rings. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417100714/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1956/GYM/mens-rings.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  51. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1956 Melbourne Summer Games: Women's Balance Beam. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417115212/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1956/GYM/womens-balance-beam.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
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  53. Web site: Gymnastics at the 1956 Melbourne Summer Games: Men's Floor Exercise. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417100937/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1956/GYM/mens-floor-exercise.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
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  153. The Russian pair of Yelena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze competed against the Canadian pair of Jamie Salé and David Pelletier for the gold medal. The Canadians appeared to have skated well enough to win, yet the Russians were awarded the gold. The judging broke along Cold War lines with judges from former Communist countries favouring the Russian pair and judges from Western nations voting for the Canadians. The only exception was the French judge, Marie-Reine Le Gougne, who awarded the gold to the Russians. An investigation revealed that she had been pressured to give the gold to the Russian pair regardless of how they skated; in return the Russian judge would look favourably on the French entrants in the ice dancing competition. The IOC decided to award both pairs the gold medal in a second medal ceremony held later in the Games.
  154. Web site: Biathlon at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games: Men's 20 kilometres. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417061722/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/2010/BIA/mens-20-kilometres.html. dead. 17 April 2020. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. 24 November 2017. en.
  155. Web site: Sochi 2014 super-G men - Olympic Alpine Skiing. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 7 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210307164802/https://www.olympic.org/sochi-2014/alpine-skiing/super-g-men. live.
  156. Web site: Sochi 2014 downhill women - Olympic Alpine Skiing. International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. en. 26 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170326045901/https://www.olympic.org/sochi-2014/alpine-skiing/downhill-women. live.
  157. Web site: Cross-Country Skiing Results Ladies' 10km Free. Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. 15 February 2018. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180215204106/https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/game-time/results/OWG2018/en/cross-country-skiing/results-ladies-10km-free-fnl-000100-.htm. 15 February 2018. dead.
  158. Web site: PyeongChang 2018 Offial Results 2-Man Bobsled - 2018. 19 February 2018. olympic.org. 19 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033513/https://www.olympic.org/pyeongchang-2018/results/resOWG2018/pdf/OWG2018/BOB/OWG2018_BOB_C92B_BOBMTEAM2-------------------------.pdf. 20 February 2018. dead.
  159. Web site: PyeongChang 2018 Offial Results 4-Man Bobsled - 2018. 25 February 2018. olympic.org. 25 February 2018. 19 August 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240819131734/https://www.olympic.org/pyeongchang-2018/results/resOWG2018/pdf/OWG2018/BOB/OWG2018_BOB_C92B_BOBOTEAM4-------------------------.pdf. live.
  160. In this event, however, only the second race winners are listed in the International Olympic Committee database.

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