List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections explained

See also: List of third party and independent performances in United States elections.

This page contains four lists of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections:

1. National results for third-party or independent presidential candidates that won above 5% of the popular vote (1788–present)
2. National results for third-party or independent presidential candidates that won between 1% and 5% of the popular vote (1788–present)
3. State results where a third-party or independent presidential candidate won above 5% of the popular vote (1832–present)
4. State results where a major-party candidate received above 1% of the state popular vote from a third party cross-endorsement (1896–present)

It is rare for candidates, other than those of the six parties which have succeeded as major parties (Federalist Party, Democratic-Republican Party, National Republican Party, Democratic Party, Whig Party, Republican Party), to take large shares of the vote in elections.

, the last third party presidential candidate to win an electoral vote was George Wallace of the American Independent Party, who won five states in 1968.^[1]

National results

Above 5% (1788–present)

This list includes the third-party candidates that captured at least one state and/or more than 5% of the popular vote.

Year	Party	Nominee	Running mate	data-sort-type=number	Votes	data-sort-type=number	% Votes	data-sort-type=number	% Votes On Ballot	data-sort-type=number	Electoral Votes	Place	Notes
1832	Nullifier	John Floyd	Henry Lee	0^[2]		N/A		3rd
Anti-Masonic	William Wirt	Amos Ellmaker	99,817				4th
1848	Free Soil	Martin Van Buren	Charles F. Adams	291,475				3rd
1856	American	Millard Fillmore	Andrew J. Donelson	872,703
1860	Lecompton Democratic	John C. Breckinridge	Joseph Lane	851,844				2nd
Constitutional Union	John Bell	Edward Everett	590,946				3rd
1872	Liberal Republican^[3]	Horace Greeley	Benjamin Gratz Brown	2,834,761			^[4]	2nd
1892	Populist	James B. Weaver	James G. Field	1,026,595				3rd
1912	Progressive	Theodore Roosevelt	Hiram Johnson	4,120,609				2nd
Socialist	Eugene V. Debs	Emil Seidel	900,742				4th
1924	Progressive	Robert M. La Follette	Burton K. Wheeler	4,833,821				3rd
1948	States' Rights Democratic (Dixiecrat)	Strom Thurmond	Fielding L. Wright	1,175,946
1968	American Independent	George Wallace	Curtis LeMay	9,901,118
1980	Independent	John B. Anderson	Patrick Lucey	5,719,850
1992	Independent	Ross Perot	James Stockdale	19,743,821
1996	Reform	Ross Perot	Pat Choate	8,085,402

Gallery

Above 1% (1788–present)

This list includes the third-party candidates that captured less than 5% but more than 1% of the popular vote and no electoral votes.

Year	Party	Nominee	Running mate	data-sort-type=number	No. votes	data-sort-type=number	% Votes	data-sort-type=number	% Votes on ballot	Place	Note
1808	Independent Democratic-Republican	James Monroe	-	4,848			3rd	-
1812	Straight-Federalist	Rufus King	William R. Davie	5,574			-
1820	Independent Democratic-Republican	DeWitt Clinton	-	1,893			-
1844	Liberty	James G. Birney	Thomas Morris	62,300			^[5]
1852	Free Soil	John P. Hale	George W. Julian	155,799			-
1880	Greenback	James B. Weaver	Barzillai J. Chambers	308,578			^[6]
1884		Benjamin Butler	Absolom M. West	175,370
Prohibition	John St. John	William Daniel	150,369			4th
	1888	Clinton Fisk	John A. Brooks	249,506			3rd
Union Labor	Alson Streeter	Charles E. Cunningham	146,935			4th
1892	Prohibition	John Bidwell	James Cranfill	255,841
1900	John G. Woolley	Henry B. Metcalf	209,157			3rd
1904	Socialist	Eugene V. Debs	Benjamin Hanford	402,895			^[7]
Prohibition	Silas C. Swallow	George W. Carroll	258,950			4th
1908	Socialist	Eugene V. Debs	Benjamin Hanford	420,890			3rd
Prohibition	Eugene W. Chafin	Aaron S. Watkins	252,511			4th
			1912	207,828			5th
1916	Socialist	Allan L. Benson	George R. Kirkpatrick	585,113			3rd
Prohibition	Frank Hanly	Ira Landrith	220,506			4th
1920	Socialist	Eugene V. Debs	Seymour Stedman	919,799			3rd
1932	Socialist	Norman Thomas	James H. Maurer	884,781
1936	Union	William Lemke	Thomas C. O'Brien	882,479
1948	Progressive	Henry A. Wallace	Glen H. Taylor	1,157,172			4th
1972	American Independent	John G. Schmitz	Thomas J. Anderson	1,100,868			3rd	-
1980	Libertarian	Ed Clark	David H. Koch	921,128			4th	-
2000	Green	Ralph Nader	Winona LaDuke	2,882,955			3rd	-
2016	Libertarian	Gary Johnson	William Weld	4,484,244			-
Green	Jill Stein	Ajamu Baraka	1,454,244			4th	-
2020	Libertarian	Jo Jorgensen	Spike Cohen	1,865,620			3rd	^[8]

Gallery

By state

Third-party and independent candidates (1832–present)

This list includes the statewide performance of third-party candidates not included in the lists above who accrued 5% or more of a state's popular vote.

Many third-party candidates have run under different affiliations in different states. They do this for many reasons, including laws restricting ballot access, cross-endorsements by other established parties, etc. In the list below, the party column shows which of a given candidate's affiliation(s) appeared on the ballot in which corresponding state(s).

1832–1860

(1832–1860)
Year	State	Party	Nominee	Running mate	Votes	% Votes	Place	Notes
1832	Connecticut	Anti-Masonic	William Wirt	Amos Ellmaker	3,409		3rd
	Massachusetts				14,692		2nd
	Pennsylvania				66,689
	Vermont				13,106		1st
1844	Maine	Liberty	James G. Birney	Thomas Morris	4,836		3rd
	Massachusetts				10,830
	Michigan				3,639
	New Hampshire				4,161
	Vermont				3,970
1848	Connecticut	Free Soil	Martin Van Buren	Charles Francis Adams Sr.	5,005
	Illinois				15,702
	Indiana				8,100
	Maine				12,157
	Massachusetts				38,333		2nd
	Michigan				10,393		3rd
	New Hampshire				7,560
	New York				120,497		2nd
	Ohio				35,347		3rd
	Rhode Island				730
	Vermont				13,837		2nd
	Wisconsin				10,418		3rd
1852	Illinois		John P. Hale	George Washington Julian	9,863		3rd
	Maine				8,030
	Massachusetts				28,023
	Michigan				7,237
	New Hampshire				6,546
	Ohio				31,732
	Vermont				8,621
	Wisconsin				8,814
	Georgia	Union	Daniel Webster	Charles J. Jenkins	5,324
1856	Alabama	American	Millard Fillmore	Andrew Jackson Donelson	28,552		2nd
	Arkansas				10,732
	California				36,195
	Delaware				6,275
	Florida				4,833
	Georgia				42,439
	Illinois				37,531		3rd
	Indiana				22,386
	Iowa				9,669
	Kentucky				67,416		2nd
	Louisiana				20,709
	Maryland				47,452		1st
	Massachusetts				19,626		3rd
	Mississippi	Whig			24,191		2nd
	Missouri	American			48,522
	New Jersey				24,115		3rd
	New York				124,206
	North Carolina	Whig			36,720		2nd
	Ohio	American			28,126		3rd
	Pennsylvania				82,189
	Rhode Island				1,675
	Tennessee				63,878		2nd
	Texas				15,639
	Virginia				60,150
1860	Alabama	Constitutional Democratic	John C. Breckinridge	Joseph Lane	48,669		1st
	Arkansas				28,732
	California				33,969		3rd
	Connecticut				16,558
	Delaware				7,339		1st
	Florida				8,277
	Georgia				52,176
	Kentucky				53,143		2nd
	Louisiana				22,681		1st
	Maine				6,368		3rd
	Maryland				42,482		1st
	Mississippi				40,768
	Missouri				31,362		3rd
	North Carolina				48,486		1st
	Oregon				5,074		2nd
	Pennsylvania				178,871
	Tennessee				65,097
	Texas				47,548		1st
	Virginia				74,325		2nd
	Alabama	Constitutional Union	John Bell	Edward Everett	27,835		2nd
	Arkansas				20,063
	California				9,111		4th
	Delaware				3,888		2nd
	Florida				4,801
	Georgia				42,960
	Kentucky				66,058		1st
	Louisiana				20,204		2nd
	Maryland				41,760
	Massachusetts				22,331		3rd
	Mississippi				25,045		2nd
	Missouri				58,372
	North Carolina				45,129
	Tennessee				69,728		1st
	Texas				15,438		2nd
	Virginia				74,481		1st

1864–1900

(1864–1900)
Year	State	Party	Nominee	Running mate	Votes	% Votes	Place	Notes
1876	Kansas	Greenback	Peter Cooper	Samuel Fenton Cary	7,770		3rd
1880	Iowa		James B. Weaver	Barzillai J. Chambers	32,327
	Kansas				19,851
	Michigan				34,895
	Missouri				35,042
	Texas				27,405
	West Virginia				9,008
1884	Kansas		Benjamin Butler	Absolom M. West	16,364
	Massachusetts				24,382
1888	Minnesota	Prohibition	Clinton B. Fisk	John A. Brooks	15,311
	Arkansas	Union Labor	Alson Streeter	Charles E. Cunningham	10,630
	Kansas				37,788
	Texas				29,459
1892	Alabama	People's	James B. Weaver	James G. Field	84,984		2nd
	Arkansas				11,831		3rd
	California				25,311
	Colorado				53,584		1st
	Florida				4,843		2nd
	Georgia				41,939		3rd
	Idaho				10,520		1st
	Kansas				163,111
	Kentucky				23,500		3rd
	Minnesota	Fusion			29,313
	Mississippi	People's			10,118		2nd
	Missouri				41,204		3rd
	Montana				7,338
	Nebraska				83,134		2nd
	Nevada				7,264		1st
	North Carolina				44,336		3rd
	North Dakota				17,700		1st
	Oregon				26,965		2nd
	South Dakota	Independent			26,544
	Tennessee	People's			23,918		3rd
	Texas				99,688		2nd
	Washington				19,165		3rd
	Wyoming	Democratic			7,722		2nd
	Minnesota	Prohibition	John Bidwell	James B. Cranfill	14,182		4th
1900	Florida		John G. Woolley	Henry B. Metcalf	2,244		3rd

1904–1940

(1904–1940)
Year	State	Party	Nominee	Running mate	Votes	% Votes	Place	Notes
1904	California	Socialist	Eugene V. Debs	Ben Hanford	29,535		3rd
	Florida				2,337
	Idaho				4,949
	Illinois				69,225
	Montana				5,676
	Nevada				925
	Oregon				7,619
	Utah				5,767
	Washington				10,023
	Wisconsin	Social Democratic			28,240
	Georgia	People's	Thomas E. Watson	Thomas Tibbles	22,635
	Nebraska				20,518
1908	California	Socialist	Eugene V. Debs	Ben Hanford	28,659
	Florida				3,747
	Idaho				6,400
	Montana				5,855
	Nevada				2,103
	Oklahoma				21,734
	Oregon				7,339
	Washington				14,177
	Wisconsin	Social Democratic			28,147
	Georgia	People's	Thomas E. Watson	Samuel Williams	16,687
1912	Alabama	Progressive	Theodore Roosevelt	Hiram Johnson	22,680		2nd
	Arizona				6,949
	Arkansas				21,644		3rd
	California	Republican			283,610		1st
	Colorado	Progressive			72,306		2nd
	Connecticut				34,129		3rd
	Delaware				8,886
	Florida				4,555
	Georgia				21,985		2nd
	Idaho				25,527		3rd
	Illinois				386,478		2nd
	Indiana				162,007
	Iowa				161,819
	Kentucky				101,766		3rd
	Kansas	Independent			120,210		2nd
	Louisiana	Progressive			9,283
	Maine				48,495
	Maryland				57,789
	Massachusetts				142,228		3rd
	Michigan				214,584		1st
	Minnesota				125,856
	Mississippi				3,459		2nd
	Missouri				124,375		3rd
	Montana				22,456		2nd
	Nebraska				72,681
	Nevada				5,620
	New Hampshire				17,794		3rd
	New Jersey				145,410		2nd
	New Mexico				8,347		3rd
	New York				390,093
	North Carolina				69,130		2nd
	North Dakota				25,726
	Ohio				229,807		3rd
	Oregon				37,600		2nd
	Pennsylvania				444,894		1st
	Rhode Island				16,878		3rd
	South Dakota	Republican			58,811		1st
	Tennessee	Progressive			54,041		3rd
	Texas				26,745
	Utah				24,174
	Vermont				22,132		2nd
	Virginia				21,777		3rd
	Washington				113,698		1st
	West Virginia				79,112		2nd
	Wisconsin				62,448		3rd
	Wyoming				9,232
	Arizona	Socialist	Eugene V. Debs	Emil Seidel	3,163
	Arkansas				8,153		4th
	California				79,201		3rd
	Colorado				16,418		4th
	Connecticut				10,056
	Florida				4,806		2nd
	Idaho				11,960		4th
	Illinois				81,278
	Indiana				36,931
	Kansas				26,779
	Louisiana				5,261		3rd
	Minnesota	Public Ownership			27,505		4th
	Montana	Socialist			10,885
	Nevada				3,313		3rd
	New Mexico				2,859		4th
	North Dakota				6,966
	Ohio				90,144
	Oklahoma				41,674		3rd
Oregon	13,343					4th
Pennsylvania	83,614
Texas	24,896
Utah	9,023
Washington	40,134
West Virginia	15,248
Wisconsin	Social Democratic	33,476
Wyoming	Socialist	2,760
1916	Arizona	Socialist	Allan L. Benson	George Ross Kirkpatrick	3,174		3rd
	Florida				5,353
	Idaho				8,066
	Minnesota				20,117
	Montana				9,564
	Nevada				3,065
	North Dakota				5,716
	Oklahoma				45,190
	Texas				18,963
	Washington				22,800
	Wisconsin				27,631
	Florida	Prohibition	Frank Hanly	Ira Landrith	4,786		4th
	Georgia	Progressive	Unpledged	John M. Parker	20,692		2nd
	Louisiana				6,349		3rd
1920	California	Socialist	Eugene V. Debs	Seymour Stedman	64,076
	Minnesota				56,106
	Nevada				1,864
	New York				203,201
	Oklahoma				25,726
	Wisconsin				80,635
	Montana	Farmer–Labor	Parley P. Christensen	Max S. Hayes	12,204
	South Dakota	Nonpartisan League			34,707
	Washington	Farmer–Labor			77,246
	Texas	American	James E. Ferguson	William Hough	47,968		3rd
		Black & Tan Republican	Unpledged electors		27,247		4th
1924	Arizona	Progressive	Robert M. La Follette	Burton K. Wheeler	17,210		3rd
	Arkansas				13,173
	California	Socialist			424,649		2nd
	Colorado	La Follette-Wheeler Independent			57,368		3rd
		Farmer–Labor			12,577
		Total			69,945
	Connecticut	Progressive			42,416
	Delaware				4,979
	Florida				8,625
	Georgia				12,691
	Idaho				54,160		2nd
	Illinois				432,027		3rd
	Indiana				71,700
	Iowa				274,448		2nd
	Kansas	Independent			98,461		3rd
	Maine	Progressive			11,382
	Maryland				47,157
	Massachusetts				141,225
	Michigan				122,014
	Minnesota	Independent			339,192		2nd
	Missouri	Socialist			84,160		3rd
	Montana	Progressive			66,123		2nd
	Nebraska				106,701		3rd
	Nevada	Independent			9,769		2nd
	New Hampshire	Progressive			8,993		3rd
	New Jersey				108,901
	New Mexico				9,543
	New York	Socialist			268,510
		Progressive			206,395
		Total			474,905
	North Dakota	Nonpartisan League			89,922		2nd
	Ohio	Progressive			357,948		3rd
	Oklahoma	Farmer–Labor			46,375
	Oregon	Independent			68,403		2nd
	Pennsylvania	Farmer–Labor			214,126		3rd
		Socialist			93,441
		Total			307,567
	South Dakota	Independent			75,355		2nd
	Texas	Progressive			42,881		3rd
	Utah				32,662
	Vermont				5,964
	Washington				150,727		2nd
	West Virginia	Farmer–Labor			36,723		3rd
	Wisconsin	Independent			453,678		1st	^[9]
	Wyoming	Progressive			25,174		2nd
	Florida	Prohibition	Herman P. Faris	Marie C. Brehm	5,498		4th
1936	Massachusetts	Union	William Lemke	Thomas C. O'Brien	118,639		3rd
	Minnesota				74,296
	North Dakota				36,708
	Oregon	Independent			21,831
	Rhode Island	Union			19,569

1944–1980

(1944–1980)
Year	State	Party	Nominee	Running mate	Votes	% Votes	Place	Notes
1944	South Carolina	Southern Democratic	Unpledged electors	7,799		2nd
	Texas	Texas Regulars	135,439		3rd
1948	Alabama	Democratic	Strom Thurmond	Fielding L. Wright	171,443		1st	^[10]
	Arkansas	States' Rights Democratic			40,068		3rd
	Florida				89,755
	Georgia				85,055		2nd
	Louisiana				204,290		1st
	Mississippi	Democratic			167,538
	North Carolina	States' Rights Democratic			69,652		3rd
	South Carolina				102,607		1st
	Tennessee				73,815		3rd
	Texas				113,776
	Virginia				43,393
	New York	American Labor	Henry A. Wallace	Glen H. Taylor	509,559
1956	Louisiana	States' Rights Democratic	Unpledged electors	44,520		^[11]
	Mississippi		42,966
	South Carolina		88,511		2nd
	Virginia		T. Coleman Andrews	Thomas H. Werdel	42,964		3rd
1960	Alabama		Unpledged electors^[12]	324,050		1st	^[13]
	Louisiana	Independent	169,572		3rd
	Mississippi		116,248		1st
	Arkansas	National States' Rights	Orval Faubus	John G. Crommelin	28,952		3rd
1964	Alabama	Democratic	Unpledged electors		210,732		2nd
1968	Alabama		George Wallace	Curtis LeMay (Official VP Nominee)	691,425		1st	^[14]
	Alaska	Independent			10,024		3rd
	Arizona	American Independent			46,573
	Arkansas				235,627		1st
	California				487,270		3rd
	Colorado			Marvin Griffin (Provisional VP Nominee)	60,813
	Connecticut			Curtis LeMay (Official VP Nominee)	76,650
	Delaware				28,459
	Florida				676,794
	Georgia			Marvin Griffin (Provisional VP Nominee)	535,550		1st
	Idaho			Curtis LeMay (Official VP Nominee)	36,541		3rd
	Illinois	Independent			390,958
	Indiana	American Independent		Marvin Griffin (Provisional VP Nominee)	243,108
	Iowa				66,422
	Kansas	Conservative			88,291
	Kentucky	American Independent			193,098
	Louisiana			Curtis LeMay (Official VP Nominee)	530,300		1st
	Maryland			Marvin Griffin (Provisional VP Nominee)	178,734		3rd
	Michigan				331,968
	Mississippi	Independent		Curtis LeMay (Official VP Nominee)	415,349		1st
	Missouri	American Independent		Marvin Griffin (Provisional VP Nominee)	206,126		3rd
	Montana				20,015
	Nebraska				44,094
	Nevada				20,432
	New Jersey				262,187
	New Mexico				25,737
	New York	Courage			358,864
	North Carolina	American Independent		Curtis LeMay (Official VP Nominee)	496,188		2nd
	North Dakota	Independent			14,244		3rd
	Ohio	American Independent		Marvin Griffin (Provisional VP Nominee)	467,495
	Oklahoma			Curtis LeMay (Official VP Nominee)	191,731
	Oregon	Independent			49,683
	Pennsylvania	American Independent		Marvin Griffin (Provisional VP Nominee)	378,582
	South Carolina	Independent		Curtis LeMay (Official VP Nominee)	215,430		2nd
	Tennessee	American Independent			424,792
	Texas				584,269		3rd
	Utah				26,906
	Virginia				321,833
	Washington			Marvin Griffin (Provisional VP Nominee)	96,990
	West Virginia				72,560
	Wisconsin	Independent			127,835
	Wyoming				11,105
1972	Alaska	American Independent	John G. Schmitz	Thomas J. Anderson	6,903
	Idaho				28,869
	Utah				28,549
1976	Alaska	Libertarian	Roger MacBride	David Bergland	6,785
1980	Alaska		Ed Clark	David Koch	18,479			^[15]
		Independent	John B. Anderson	Patrick Lucey (Official VP Nominee)	11,155		4th	^[16]
	Arizona				76,952		3rd
	California				739,833
	Colorado	Anderson Coalition (Later National Unity)			130,633
	Connecticut				171,807
	Delaware				171,807
	District of Columbia	Independent			16,131
	Florida				189,692
	Hawaii				32,021
	Idaho				27,058
	Illinois				346,754
	Iowa				115,633
	Kansas				68,231
	Maine				53,327
	Maryland				119,537
	Massachusetts	Anderson Coalition (Later National Unity)			382,539
	Michigan				275,223
	Minnesota				174,990
	Montana	Independent			29,281
	Nebraska				44,993
	Nevada				17,651
	New Hampshire				49,693
	New Jersey	Anderson Coalition (Later National Unity)			234,632
	New Mexico	Independent			29,459
	New York	Liberal			467,801
	North Dakota	Independent			23,640
	Ohio				254,472
	Oregon				112,389
	Pennsylvania	Anderson Coalition (Later National Unity)			292,921
	Rhode Island				59,819
	South Dakota	Independent		Flint (Provisional VP Nominee)	21,431
	Utah			Patrick Lucey (Official VP Nominee)	30,284
	Vermont				31,760
	Virginia				95,418
	Washington				185,073
	Wisconsin				160,657
	Wyoming				12,072

1984–present

(1984–Present)
Year	State	Party	Nominee	Running mate	Votes	% Votes	Place	Notes
1992	Alabama	Independent	Ross Perot	James Stockdale	183,109		3rd	^[17]
	Alaska				73,481
	Arizona				353,741
	Arkansas				99,132
	California				2,296,006
	Colorado				366,010
	Connecticut	Americans for Perot (Later Reform Party)			348,771
	Delaware	Independent			59,213
	Florida				1,053,067
	Georgia				353,741
	Hawaii				53,003
	Idaho				130,395
	Illinois				840,515
	Indiana				455,934
	Iowa				253,468
	Kansas				312,358
	Kentucky				203,944
	Louisiana	Prudence, Action, Results (Later Reform Party)			211,478
	Maine	Independent			206,820		2nd	^[18]
	Maryland				281,414		3rd
	Massachusetts				632,312
	Michigan				824,813
	Minnesota				562,506
	Mississippi				85,626			^[19]
	Missouri				518,741
	Montana				107,225
	Nebraska				174,687
	Nevada				132,580
	New Hampshire				121,337
	New Jersey				521,829
	New Mexico				91,895
	New York				1,090,721
	North Carolina				357,864
	North Dakota				71,084
	Ohio				1,036,426
	Oklahoma				319,878
	Oregon				354,091
	Pennsylvania	Pennsylvanians (Later Reform Party)			902,667
	Rhode Island	Perot for President (Later Reform Party)			105,045
	South Carolina	Independent			138,872
	South Dakota				73,295
	Tennessee				199,968
	Texas				1,354,781
	Utah				203,400		2nd	^[20]
	Vermont				65,991		3rd
	Virginia				348,639
	Washington				541,780
	West Virginia				108,829
	Wisconsin				544,479
	Wyoming				51,263
1996	Alabama	Independent	Ross Perot	Pat Choate (Official VP Nominee)	92,149
	Alaska	Reform			26,333
	Arizona				112,072
	Arkansas				69,884
	California			James Campbell (Provisional VP Nominee)	697,849
	Colorado			Pat Choate (Official VP Nominee)	99,629
	Connecticut				139,523
	Delaware	Independent			28,719
	Florida	Reform			483,870
	Georgia				146,337
	Hawaii				27,358
	Idaho				62,518
	Illinois				346,408
	Indiana			James Campbell (Provisional VP Nominee)	224,299
	Iowa				105,159
	Kansas				92,639
	Kentucky			Pat Choate (Official VP Nominee)	120,396
	Louisiana			James Campbell (Provisional VP Nominee)	123,293
	Maine				85,970			^[21]
	Maryland				115,812
	Massachusetts			Pat Choate (Official VP Nominee)	227,217
	Michigan				336,870
	Minnesota				257,704
	Mississippi	Independent			52,222
	Missouri	Reform		James Campbell (Provisional VP Nominee)	217,188
	Montana				55,229
	Nebraska			Pat Choate (Official VP Nominee)	71,278
	Nevada				43,986
	New Hampshire				48,390
	New Jersey	Independent			262,134
	New Mexico	Reform			32,257
	New York	Independence			503,458
	North Carolina	Reform			168,059
	North Dakota			Hanson (Provisional VP Nominee)	32,515
	Ohio			James Campbell (Provisional VP Nominee)	483,207
	Oklahoma			Pat Choate (Official VP Nominee)	130,788
	Oregon			James Campbell (Provisional VP Nominee)	121,221
	Pennsylvania			Pat Choate (Official VP Nominee)	430,984
	Rhode Island				43,723
	South Carolina				64,386
	South Dakota	Independent		James Campbell (Provisional VP Nominee)	31,250
	Tennessee				105,918			^[22]
	Texas				378,537
	Utah	Reform		Pat Choate (Official VP Nominee)	66,461
	Vermont				31,024
	Virginia				159,861
	Washington				201,003
	West Virginia				71,639
	Wisconsin				227,339
	Wyoming	Independent			25,928
2000	Alaska	Green	Ralph Nader	Winona LaDuke	28,747			^[23]
	Colorado				91,434
	Washington, D.C.				10,576
	Hawaii				21,623
	Maine				37,127
	Massachusetts				173,564
	Minnesota				126,696
	Montana				24,437
	Oregon				77,357
	Rhode Island				25,052
	Vermont				20,374
2016	Alaska	Libertarian	Gary Johnson	William Weld	18,782		3rd
	Colorado				144,121
	Maine				37,578
	Montana				28,036
	New Mexico				74,541
	North Dakota				21,434
	Oklahoma				83,481
	South Dakota				20,845
	Washington				160,879
	Wyoming				13,287
	Idaho	Independent	Evan McMullin	Nathan Johnson (Provisional VP Nominee)	46,476
	Utah				243,685
	Vermont	Write-in	Bernie Sanders	None	18,183			^[24]

Cross-endorsement major candidates (1896–present)

See main article: Electoral fusion in the United States. This list includes the statewide performance of each major party candidate who ran on the ballot line of a political party other than their own, either through electoral fusion or for other reasons. This list does not include cases where a third party shares the same ballot line as a major party. The vote totals and percentages listed are those each candidate received under a particular third-party label.

Electoral fusion was once widespread in the United States.^[25] As of 2022, electoral fusion as conventionally understood by historians and political scientists is fully legal in only two states: Connecticut and New York. It is partially legal in three others; Pennsylvania and Maryland permit fusion in certain elections (including judicial elections), and California allows fusion in presidential elections only.^[26]

Year	State	Main Party	Endorsed Party	Nominee	Running mate	Votes	% Votes	Notes
1896	Alabama	Democratic	People's	William Jennings Bryan	Thomas E. Watson	24,089
	California					21,623
	Colorado					2,391
	Florida					1,977
	Georgia					440
	Illinois					1,090
	Kansas					46,194
	Maine					2,387
	Massachusetts					24,089
	Mississippi					7,517
	Nevada					575
	New Hampshire					379
	Ohio					2,615
	Pennsylvania					11,176
	Tennessee					4,525
	Texas					79,572
	Vermont					461
	Wyoming					286
1916	New York	Republican	American	Charles Evans Hughes	Charles W. Fairbanks	10,172
1936	New York	Democratic	American Labor	Franklin D. Roosevelt	John Nance Garner	274,924
1940	New York	Democratic	American Labor		Henry A. Wallace	417,418
	South Carolina	Republican	Jeffersonian Democratic	Wendell Willkie	Charles L. McNary	2,496
1944	New York	Democratic	American Labor	Franklin D. Roosevelt	Harry S. Truman	496,405
			Liberal			329,235
1948	Mississippi	Democratic	National Democratic	Harry S. Truman	Alben W. Barkley	19,384
	New York		Liberal			222,562
	Mississippi	Republican	Independent Republican	Thomas E. Dewey	Earl Warren	2,448
1952	New York	Democratic	Liberal	Adlai Stevenson II	John Sparkman	416,711
	South Carolina	Republican	Independent	Dwight D. Eisenhower	Richard Nixon	158,289
1956	New York	Democratic	Liberal	Adlai Stevenson II	Estes Kefauver	292,557
	Mississippi	Republican	Black & Tan Republican	Dwight D. Eisenhower	Richard Nixon	4,313
1960	New York	Democratic	Liberal	John F. Kennedy	Lyndon B. Johnson	406,176
1964	New York	Democratic	Liberal	Lyndon B. Johnson	Hubert Humphrey	342,432
1968	Alabama	Democratic	Independent Democrat	Hubert Humphrey	Edmund Muskie	142,435
			National Democratic			54,144
	New York		Liberal			311,622
1972	Alabama	Democratic	National Democratic	George McGovern	Sargent Shriver	183,128
	New York		Liberal			183,128
		Republican	Conservative	Richard Nixon	Spiro Agnew	368,136
1976	New York	Democratic	Liberal	Jimmy Carter	Walter Mondale	145,393
		Republican	Conservative	Gerald Ford	Bob Dole	274,878
1980	New York	Republican	Conservative	Ronald Reagan	George H. W. Bush	256,131
1984	New York	Democratic	Liberal	Walter Mondale	Geraldine Ferraro	118,324
		Republican	Conservative	Ronald Reagan	George H. W. Bush	288,244
1988	New York	Democratic	Liberal	Michael Dukakis	Lloyd Bentsen	92,395
		Republican	Conservative	George H. W. Bush	Dan Quayle	243,457
1992	New York	Democratic	Liberal	Bill Clinton	Al Gore	97,556
		Republican	Conservative	George H. W. Bush	Dan Quayle	177,000
			Right to Life			127,959
1996	New York	Democratic	Liberal	Bill Clinton	Al Gore	106,547
		Republican	Conservative	Bob Dole	Jack Kemp	183,392
			Freedom			11,393
2000	New York	Democratic	Working Families	Al Gore	Joe Lieberman	88,395
			Liberal			77,087
		Republican	Conservative	George W. Bush	Dick Cheney	144,797
2004	New York	Democratic	Working Families	John Kerry	John Edwards	133,525
		Republican	Conservative	George W. Bush	Dick Cheney	155,574
2008	New York	Democratic	Working Families	Barack Obama	Joe Biden	159,613
		Republican	Conservative	John McCain	Sarah Palin	170,475
			Independence			163,973
2012	New York	Democratic	Working Families	Barack Obama	Joe Biden	148,119
		Republican	Conservative	Mitt Romney	Paul Ryan	262,371
2016	New York	Democratic	Working Families	Hillary Clinton	Tim Kaine	138,843
			Women's Equality			35,706
		Republican	Conservative	Donald Trump	Mike Pence	288,873
	California		American Independent			4,483,810
2020	New York	Democratic	Working Families	Joe Biden	Kamala Harris	386,010
		Republican	Conservative	Donald Trump	Mike Pence	295,657

Notes and References

1. Web site: The curse of third-party presidential candidates . Zachary B.. Wolf. July 17, 2023. CNN.
2. All of John Floyd's electoral votes came from South Carolina where the Electors were chosen by the state legislatures rather than by popular vote.
3. Also nominated as the Democratic candidate.
4. Greeley would have received 66 electoral votes, but he died prior to the electoral vote count, so his votes were scattered.
5. "History of American Presidential Elections, Volume I 1789–1844, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
6. "History of American Presidential Elections, Volume II 1848–1896, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.,
7. "History of American Presidential Elections, Volume III 1900–1936, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
8. Web site: United States Elections Results: President - General. Associated Press. November 26, 2020.
9. La Follette easily won his home state of Wisconsin, picking up 13 electoral votes.
10. Thurmond came in 1st place in four states, including his home state of South Carolina. He also received at least 5% of the vote in 7 other states, all in the South. Thurmond received all electoral votes in the states he won, as well as a vote from a faithless elector in Tennessee.
11. See Unpledged elector#Unpledged electors in the 20th century for more detail.
12. The unpledged electors in the 1960 election voted for Virginia senator Harry F. Byrd for president, and South Carolina senator Strom Thurmond for vice president.
13. Byrd received all electoral votes in Mississippi, as well as 6 of 11 in Alabama and 1 from a faithless elector in Oklahoma.
14. Wallace was on the ballot in all 50 states, however not the District of Columbia. He reached the 5% threshold in 42 of those 50 states and won five, including his home state of Alabama. Wallace received 46 electoral votes, including 1 from a North Carolina faithless elector.
15. Clark's third-place finish in Alaska was the only state where he received over 3% of the popular vote.
16. Anderson received at least 5% of the vote in 37 states and the District of Columbia. His best showing was in Massachusetts, receiving over 15% of the popular vote. Anderson received no electoral votes.
17. Perot received at least 5% of the vote in all 50 states, however he did not reach that threshold in the District of Columbia. He failed to win any state, and received no electoral votes.
18. Perot came in second place in Maine, ahead of Republican George H. W. Bush.
19. Perot's 8.72% of votes in Mississippi was his lowest percentage received in any state.
20. Perot came in second place in Utah, ahead of Democrat Bill Clinton.
21. Perot's best showing was in Maine, where he received over 14% of the popular vote.
22. Perot's 5.59% of votes in Tennessee was his lowest percentage received in any state.
23. Nader and LaDuke were on the ballot in 48 jurisdictions, and reached the threshold in 11 of them. His best showing was in Alaska, receiving over 10% of the vote.
24. Despite not running in the general election, Sanders, who is a senator from Vermont, received nearly 6% of the vote, via write-ins.
25. Web site: This is why some candidates are listed more than once on your ballot. Mark. Abadi. Business Insider. November 8, 2016.
26. Book: Cobble, Steve . FUSION: MULTIPLE PARTY NOMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES . Siskind . Sarah . Center for a New Democracy at the Tides Foundation . 1993 . San Francisco.