List of the wettest tropical cyclones by country explained

This is a list of wettest tropical cyclones by country, using all known available sources. Data is most complete for Australia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Japan, Hong Kong, Mexico, Taiwan, Micronesia's Yap and Chuuk, and the United States, with fragmentary data available for other countries. The French region of Réunion holds several world records for tropical cyclone and worldwide rainfall, due to the rough topography and its location in the Indian Ocean.[1]

Antigua and Barbuda

Australia

Christmas Island

Christmas Island is an Australian territory located in the Indian Ocean located at the summit of a submarine mountain, which rises steeply to a central plateau that is dominated by stands of rainforest.[2] After rainfall and wind observations started on the island during 1972, only 13 tropical cyclones passed within 220round=5NaNround=5 of the territory between 1972 and 2005.[2]

1 368.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table Dahlia 2017 Christmas Island Airport [3]
2 220.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table Christmas Island Aero [4]
3 181disp=tableNaNdisp=table Christmas Island Airport [5]
4 115.6disp=tableNaNdisp=table Christmas Island Airport [6]
5 102.4disp=tableNaNdisp=table Christmas Island Airport [7]
6 65disp=tableNaNdisp=table Cecily 1973 [8]
7 52.8disp=tableNaNdisp=table Christmas Island Airport [9]
8 38disp=tableNaNdisp=table Norah 1974 [10]
9 17disp=tableNaNdisp=table Denise 1975 [11]

Cocos Islands

The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are an Australian territory of 27 coral islands that are formed into two large coral atolls and cover an area of around 14order=flipNaNorder=flip of the Indian Ocean to the northwest of Perth, Australia. Rainfall observations started on the islands during 1907, while temperature, wind and other records started in 1952.[2] Between 1952 and 2005 27 tropical cyclones caused storm force wind gusts of over 90round=5NaNround=5 on the islands, while only four caused hurricane-force gusts of over 125round=5NaNround=5.[2]

1 844.6mm Cocos Island Airport
2 298disp=tableNaNdisp=table
3 170disp=tableNaNdisp=table [12]
4 160disp=tableNaNdisp=table [13]
5 127disp=tableNaNdisp=table Deidre-Dalida 1973 [14]
6 115disp=tableNaNdisp=table Bruce 2013 Cocos Island Airport [15] [16]
7 107.6disp=tableNaNdisp=table Kate 2014 Cocos Island Airport [17] [18]
8 89.4disp=tableNaNdisp=table Norah 1974
9 66.9disp=tableNaNdisp=table Annie 1973 [19]
10 56disp=tableNaNdisp=table Cocos Island Airport [20]

Bahamas

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has been the scene of the greatest tropical cyclone casualties in recent times. The country is quite flat and generally lies near sea level.

Belize

This country has terrain mainly across its southern sections, with elevations up to about 3700feet.[21] The highest reported rainfall in what was formerly British Honduras occurred during Hurricane Keith in 2000 when 32.67inches of rain fell in a 24‑hour period at Phillip Goodson International Airport in Belize City.[22] Equally heavy rains could have fallen during Hurricane Hattie of 1961 and Hurricane Fifi of 1974.

Cambodia

Canada

Tropical cyclones are usually in transition to extratropical cyclones by the time they reach Atlantic Canada, though occasionally they retain their tropical status. No tropical cyclone has ever hit Canada's Pacific coast.

China

See also: China tropical cyclone rainfall climatology. China is a mountainous country, which leads to rapid dissipation of cyclones that move inland as well as significant amounts of rain from those dissipating cyclones. Typhoon Nina (1975) caused the collapse of two huge reservoirs and ten smaller dams when 1062mm fell in Henan during a 24‑hour period, which is the record for Mainland China. Typhoon Sam of the 1999 Pacific typhoon season became the wettest known tropical cyclone to impact Hong Kong since records began in 1884, breaking a 73‑year‑old record.[23] Precipitation associated with tropical cyclones and their remains can bring snow to Tibet. An early October 2004 tropical depression brought daily precipitation of 6cm (02inches) of liquid equivalent precipitation to Che-Ku county in the form of heavy snow, which was a new October daily precipitation record for both rain and snow. This led to a loss of 340,000 kg of food, 230,000 kg of forage grass, and 263 livestock in the snowstorm.[24]

Mainland

Hong Kong

Costa Rica

1 920.0 36.22 Alto de Tinamaste [25]
2 624.4 24.58 Arunachala [26]
3 487.4 19.19 Maritima [27]
4 466.6 18.37 Jaco [28]
5 376.4 14.82 Quepos [29]
6 331.5 13.05 Unknown [30]
7 308.0 12.11 Miravalles Volcano [31]

Cuba

Hurricane Flora of October 1963 drifted across Cuba for four days, leading to extreme rainfall across the mountainous island country. During the heaviest 24‑hour period of rainfall, 735mm of rain fell at Santiago de Cuba. Total amounts of 2033mm over 4 days and 2550mm over 5 days produced staggering loss of life in Cuba, where over 2000 perished.[32]

Dominica

The islands of the eastern Caribbean are constantly threatened by tropical storms and hurricanes, mainly between August and October. Dominica is a rugged island, with spots of elevation as high as nearly 4750feet.[33] As Hurricane Jeanne moved through the region, 422.3mm of rain fell during the 24‑hour period ending on the morning of September 15, 2004.

Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic, has some of the highest terrain surrounding the Caribbean Sea, with Pico Duarte peaking at 10700feet above sea level.[34] Most of the tropical cyclone rainfall totals on the list below are 24‑hour maxima, which likely underrepresent the storm total.

El Salvador

1 1513 59.57 Huizucar, La Libertad [35] [36]
2 1.017 40.03 [37]
3 861 33.90 [38]
4 766 30.16
5 676 26.61
6 672 26.46 [39]
7 603 23.74
8 275.4 10.84 Planes de Montecristo

Fiji

Orography from the volcanic islands of Fiji has led to significant rainfall during tropical cyclone passages, which occur roughly once a year.

France

French Polynesia

Guadeloupe

Hurricane Marilyn moved directly across the island in mid-September 1995,[40] bringing the highest known rainfall totals to the island from a tropical cyclone.

Martinique

Martinique is a mountainous island at the fringe of the eastern Caribbean Sea.

New Caledonia

Réunion Island

The mountainous island of Réunion has experienced several of the highest rainfall totals on record from tropical cyclones and holds the rainfall world records for 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten days as a result.[41] [42] [43] The 12 and 24 hourly rainfall records were set at Foc-Foc by Cyclone Denise in 1966, while an Unnamed Tropical Cyclone between April 8–10, 1958 set the record for 48 hours at Aurere. Tropical Cyclone Gamede between February 24–28, 2007 came close to beating the records for 12, 24 and 48 hours before setting the records for three, four, five, six, seven, eight and nine days that were held by Tropical Cyclone Hyacinthe 1980.[42] [43] Hyacinthe 1980 currently holds the world records for ten and fifteen days with rainfall totals of 5678mm and 6083mm respectively recorded at Commerson Crater.[43] [44]

1 6433disp=tableNaNdisp=table Commerson
2 5512disp=tableNaNdisp=table Commerson
3 2958disp=tableNaNdisp=table Diwa 2006 Grand-Ilet
4 2044disp=tableNaNdisp=table Commerson [45]
5 1825disp=tableNaNdisp=table Denise 1966 Foc-Foc
6 1360disp=tableNaNdisp=table Dina 2002 Bellecombe [46]
7 1309disp=tableNaNdisp=table Pas de Bellecombe [47]
8 1196disp=tableNaNdisp=table Gael 2009 Commerson [48]
9 1196disp=tableNaNdisp=table Florine 1981 Foc-Foc [49]
10 1025disp=tableNaNdisp=table Bejisa 2013 Cilaos [50]

Saint Martin

1 866.6disp=tableNaNdisp=table Gendarmerie
2 349.3disp=tableNaNdisp=table Point Blanche [51]
3 328.7disp=tableNaNdisp=table Charlotte Amalie [52]
4 98disp=tableNaNdisp=table Grand Case [53]
6 85.1disp=tableNaNdisp=table [54]

Wallis and Futuna

Guatemala

Tropical Storm Agatha in May 2010 became the second-wettest tropical cyclone in the nation's history when it slowly developed while remaining nearly stationary to the southwest of Guatemala, before turning northeast and dissipating across inland Central America.[55]

1 600 23.62 Central Sierra de las Minas [56]
2 565.6 22.62 Mazatenango [57]
3 534.8 21.06
4 299.7 11.8 [58]
5 ~250 ~9.84 [59]
6 ~200 ~7.87 [60]
7 184.6 7.27 [61]

Haiti

Haiti that makes up three-eighths of Hispaniola,[62] [63] is a mountainous country that has experienced some of the most powerful hurricanes on record, including Hurricane David. Its three mountain ranges have peaks as high as 8793 feet/2680 meters above sea level.[64]

Honduras

Swan Island

1 362.7 14.28
2 228.9 9.01
3 220.0 8.66
4 178.6 7.03
5 167.1 6.58
6 105.2 4.14
7 98.8 3.89
8 90.7 3.57
9 87.1 3.43
10 80.5 3.17

India

India can be struck by cyclones that form in the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea.

Indonesia

The precursor tropical disturbance of Tropical Cyclone Inigo in April 2003 dropped heavy rainfall in eastern Indonesia. The rainfall caused flash flooding and mudslides, primarily in Flores but also on West Timor[65] and Sumba.[66] In some locations, the depth of the floodwaters reached 5m (16feet). The Oessao River in West Timor exceeded its banks, which flooded seven villages. In Kupang in West Timor, the system destroyed hundreds of homes and large fields of corn, bean, and rice crop. Heavy damage was reported near Ende, where flooding and mudslides destroyed 20 houses and destroyed the roads connecting to East Flores. The city airport was flooded with one meter (3 ft) of water, preventing aerial transportation and which left the city temporarily isolated. In East Flores Regency in eastern Flores Island, the system left 75 destroyed houses, along with 77 severely damaged and a further 56 receiving light damage.[65]

1 383 15.1
2 223 8.78 [67]
3 193 7.6 [68]
4 159.7 6.29 [69]
5 148 5.8

Iran

1 74 mm 2.91 inches Chabahar [70]

Jamaica

This mountainous island country of Jamaica can get lashed with rainfall by slow-moving tropical cyclones in the western Caribbean Sea. Its interior, the Blue Mountains, reach a height of 7400feet above sea level.[71]

Japan

The mountainous island archipelago is constantly struck by typhoons recurving out of the tropics, which are normally in extratropical transition as they pass through Japan. Typhoon Namtheun of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season holds the national 24-hour precipitation record with 1317mm observed in Kisawa village, surpassing the previous record of 1140mm set during Typhoon Fran in 1976.

Okinawa

Ryukyu Islands

Typhoon Rusa caused 409mm of rain to fall at Naze on August 29–30, 2002.[72] Typhoon Aere dropped 314.5mm of rain in the 65‑hour period ending at 1400 UTC on August 25, 2004, at Ishigakihima.[73] Typhoon Agnes in August 1957 dropped 586.2mm of rainfall on Marcus Island. In 1972, Typhoon Rita dumped 31.87inches on Okinoerabu Shima.[74]

Johnston Atoll

Tropical cyclones occasionally threaten this central Pacific island. Hurricane Celeste of 1972 brought 6.21inches to the isle around August 19.[75]

Korea

The Korean Peninsula experiences typhoons regularly. Tropical cyclones which impact southern China also lead to, on average, five heavy rainfall events per year across the Korean peninsula.[76]

North Korea

Very heavy rains fell across Tongchon and Kosong counties during Typhoon Rusa in 2002, where up to 510mm of precipitation fell in a 5- to 10-hour period.[72]

South Korea

1 >1,500 >59.05 Mount Halla, Jeju Island [77]
2 >1,300 >51.18 Mount Halla, Jeju Island [78]
3 1250.5 49.23 Mount Halla, Jeju Island [79]
4 898.0 35.35 Gangneung [80]
5 710.0 28.00 [81]
6 660.4 26.00 [82]
7 634.0 24.96 Eorimok [83]
8 590.0 23.23 Jeju [84]
9 491.0 19.33 [85]
10 374.0 14.72 Boeun [86]

Madagascar

The north end of the island, known as the Tsaratanana Massif region, contains terrain with elevations up to 9417 feet/2880 meters.[87]

Malaysia

1 220 8.66 Kampung Bundu[88]

Mauritius

1 745.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table Pierrefonds [89]
2 711disp=tableNaNdisp=table Mare-aux-Vacoas
3 227disp=tableNaNdisp=table Davina 1999 Arnaud [90]
3 202.8 7.98 Sans-Souci
4 192.8 7.59 Arnaud [91]
5 58.8 2.31 Providence [92]

Marshall Islands

1 10.65disp=tableNaNdisp=table Bavi 2015 [93]

Mexico

See main article: Mexico tropical cyclone rainfall climatology. Hurricane Wilma of 2005 drifted over the northeast portion of the Yucatán peninsula for a couple of days, dropping significant rains. A report of 1576mm was reported by the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional in Mexico,[94] which is the wettest known 24-hour rainfall amount ever measured in Mexico. Second on the list is from Tropical Storm Frances in 1998, which accumulated up to 1019mm of rain at Independencia in southern Chiapas.[95] Below is a list of the highest known storm total rainfall amounts from individual tropical cyclones across Mexico. Most of the rainfall information was provided by the Mexico's National Weather Service, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, which is a part of the National Water Commission, Comisión Nacional del Agua.

Federated States of Micronesia

Chuuk

Elevations of the islands surrounding Chuuk lagoon reach a height of about 1450feet.[96] Typhoon Chataan led to excessive rainfall on this island from June 23 – July 3, 2002, when a total of 939mm fell. During the time frame when Chataan was declared a tropical cyclone from July 1–3, 622mm fell, with 506mm falling on the 2nd alone at the international airport.[97]

Kosrae

1 509.3mm Faxai 2001 Kosrae
2 434.1mm Phanfone 2002 Kosrae

Pohnpei State

The state is mountainous island lies in the tropical northwest Pacific Ocean.

1 603disp=tableNaNdisp=table Pohnpei
2 247disp=tableNaNdisp=table [98]
3 118disp=tableNaNdisp=table Haishen 2015 Pohnpei [99]

Yap State

The wettest known tropical cyclone for the state was Ruby in 1982, which drifted in the island's vicinity for several days during its initial development phase.[100]

Mozambique

The elevation of the country increases to the west, with mountains on its highest plateau reaching nearly 8000feet.[101]

1 672 26.46 [102]
2 600 24 Chimoio
3 502 19.76 Levubu [103]
4 281 11.06
5 200 7.87 Nampula [104]
6 190 7.50 [105]

Myanmar

1 600sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 [106]
2 343.9sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 [107]
3 300sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 [108]

Nepal

Some of the highest elevations on the planet lie in Nepal. Eight out of fourteen highest peaks in the world lie in the Nepalese Himalaya including the highest peak of the World, Mt. Everest (8848 m).[109] During a tropical depression that affected the Indian Subcontinent in 2004, 51.3mm of rain fell at Kathmandu airport in the 24‑hour period ending at 1200 UTC on October 7.[24]

Netherlands Antilles

Saba

1 286.3 mm 11.27 inches

St. Eustatius

1 203.2 mm 8.00 inches

Saint Martin/Sint Maarten

This hilly island is partially owned by France and partially claimed by the Netherlands.

New Zealand

Most tropical cyclones which pass near New Zealand are in extratropical transition (ET) or have become extratropical, which can enhance their heavy rainfall threat.

1 970disp=tableNaNdisp=table North Egmont Visitor Centre [110]
2 917disp=tableNaNdisp=table Glenross station [111]
3 762disp=tableNaNdisp=table Collier Creek [112]
4 488disp=tableNaNdisp=table [113]
5 425disp=tableNaNdisp=table The Pinnacles [114] [115]
6 415disp=tableNaNdisp=table Puhipuhi [116]
7 321disp=tableNaNdisp=table Mangahoe [117]
8 311disp=tableNaNdisp=table The Pinnacles [118]
9 306disp=tableNaNdisp=table Leatham [119]
10 290disp=tableNaNdisp=table The Pinnacles [120]

Nicaragua

Niue

During the passage of Tropical Cyclone Heta in January 2004, the Niue Meteorological Station reported a record 24-hour rainfall of 999.2mm.[121]

1 999.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table Niue Meteorological Station
2 107.5disp=tableNaNdisp=table 01F 2014-15 [122]
3 101.8disp=tableNaNdisp=table Winston 2016
4 77.6disp=tableNaNdisp=table Tino 2015
5 66.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table [123]
6 28.4disp=tableNaNdisp=table Ula 2015
7 23.9disp=tableNaNdisp=table Victor 2016
8 21.1disp=tableNaNdisp=table

Oman

1 617disp=tableNaNdisp=table Salalah [124]
2 610disp=tableNaNdisp=table [125]
3 488disp=tableNaNdisp=table JabalHilm
4 482.4disp=tableNaNdisp=table Salalah [126]
5 300.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table Dhofar [127]
6 285.5disp=tableNaNdisp=table Muscat
7 251disp=tableNaNdisp=table Qairoon [128]
8 250disp=tableNaNdisp=table [129]
9 230disp=tableNaNdisp=table Salalah
10 82disp=tableNaNdisp=tableSalalah

Pakistan

Tropical cyclones for the Arabian Sea usually affect Pakistan. Tropical cyclones from the Bay of Bengal can affect Pakistan, though they usually weaken by the time they reach the Pakistani coastline.[130]

1 370 14.57 [131]
2 285 11.22 [132]
3 245 9.64 [133] [134] [135]
4 191 7.51 [136] [137] [138]
5 145 5.71 [139]
6 110 3.94
7 43 1.69 [140] [141]
8 18 0.70 [142]

Palau

Palau consists of a string of islands that is rugged and surrounds a lagoon. Elevations up to 2060feet exist within the island group.[143]

1 470.9disp=tableNaNdisp=table Koror [144]
2 293.1disp=tableNaNdisp=table Nekken Forestry
3 281.4disp=tableNaNdisp=table Koror
4 248.9disp=tableNaNdisp=table Koror [145]
5 121.7 4.79 Koror [146]
6 84.3 3.32 Koror [147]
7 47.8 1.88 Ewiniar 2006Koror [148]

Panama

Inflow to the south of Hurricane Mitch brought impressive rainfalls to Panama. Veledero de Tole recorded 695mm of rainfall between October 22 and 31, 1998.

Philippines

See also: Typhoons in the Philippines. This Philippines island archipelago is fairly mountainous, with the highest terrain found in Luzon.

Samoa

1 508.2mm Tuni, 2015 Afimalu [149]
2 470.5mm Afimalu
3 404mm Alaoa, Upolu [150]
4 382.4mm Afimalu
5 320mm Le-Pue [151]
6 190mm 01F 2014 Salani
7 171.8mm 05F 2014 Salani
8 170.6mm 08F, 2015 Letui
9 169.5mm 19F, 2017 Lepiu
10 138.4mm 09F, 2017 Afimalu

Singapore

Typhoon Vamei of December 20, 2001 was the only known storm to ever hit the island state. It dropped 165.1mm of rainfall.

Solomon Islands

1 >2100 >82.68 [152]
2 >1000 >39.37 [153]
3 495sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 Pam 2015 Lata, Santa Cruz Island [154]
4 305sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 Angela 1966 Guadalcanal [155]
5 282sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 [156]

South Africa

Tropical Cyclone Eline in February 2000 dropped significant rains on portions of South Africa. The highest amount noted was 480mm at Thohoyandou.[157]

Spain

1 85sigfig=3NaNsigfig=3 [158]

Sri Lanka

A tropical depression in early October 2004 led to heavy rains across Sri Lanka. The maximum was measured at Galle where 117.2mm fell in the 24‑hour period ending at 0600 UTC on the 2nd.[24]

St. Brandon, South Indian Ocean

Tropical Cyclone Darius of New Year's Eve/Day of 2003/2004 passed about 45miles west-northwest of the island. Rainfall over the 24‑hour period of closest approach was 135mm.[159]

St. Kitts and Nevis

1 153.7sigfig=3NaNsigfig=3

Taiwan

The mountainous island of Taiwan experiences an average of 1.8 tropical cyclone landfalls each year. Due to its rugged topography, Taiwan sees extreme rains from tropical cyclones, particularly in its central mountain range.

Thailand

Tropical cyclones occasionally cross the Malay Peninsula from the northwest Pacific into the Bay of Bengal.

1 493.8disp=tableNaNdisp=table Khlong Yai
2 470disp=tableNaNdisp=table At Somat
3 342disp=tableNaNdisp=table Chantaburi [160]
4 328.7disp=tableNaNdisp=table
5 322.6disp=tableNaNdisp=table
6 279.5disp=tableNaNdisp=table Muang district [161]
7 273.6disp=tableNaNdisp=table
8 257.3disp=tableNaNdisp=table
9 251.5disp=tableNaNdisp=table [162]
10 239.5disp=tableNaNdisp=table

Tonga

1 200.0 7.87
2 167.0 6.57 Unnamed 1949 Nuku'alofa [163]
3 153.0 6.02 Niuafo'ou [164]
4 152.2 6.00 Fua'amotu
5 149.0 5.87 Fua'amotu
6 120.0 4.72 Nuku'alofa [165]
7 120.0 4.72 Tongatapu [166]
8 97.7 3.85 Fuaʻamotu [167]
9 44.8 1.76 Vava'u [168]
10 37.5 1.48 Fua'amotu [169]

United Kingdom

Mainland

Anguilla

1 490.0 19.29 [170]
2 380.0 14.96
3 250.0 9.84
4 171.5 6.75 [171]

Bermuda

Bermuda has not historically received overwhelming rains out of tropical cyclones. This could be because of the rapid pace storms usually pass the island and the lack of mountains on the island.

Cayman Islands

United States

See main article: List of wettest tropical cyclones in the United States.

1 1538.7 60.58
2 1321 52.02 Mountainview, Hawaii [172] [173]
3 1321 52.00 Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station, Hawaii [174]
4 1219 48.00 Medina, Texas
5 1148 45.20 Yankeetown, Florida
6 1143 45.00 Alvin, Texas
7 1096 43.15 Jefferson County, Texas [175]
8 1058.7 41.68 Jayuya, Puerto Rico
9 1033 40.68 Northwest Jefferson County, Texas
10 985 38.76 Kapapala Ranch 36, Hawaii [176]

Vanuatu

1 847.6mm Lamap [177]
2 545mm Bauerfield Airport [178]
3 369.1mm [179]
4 270mm Surukavian, Pentecost [180]
5 266.6mm Sarah 1994 [181]
6 254.4mm Bauerfield Airport [182]
7 247.6mm Santo-Pekoa International Airport
8 246.6mm Santo-Pekoa International Airport
9 223.7mm Zuman 1998 Santo-Pekoa International Airport
10 219.3mm Santo-Pekoa International Airport

Venezuela

A few tropical cyclones have skimmed the northern coast of South America over recent decades. Tropical Storm Bret (1993) dropped 339mm of rain in ten hours at Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela.[183]

Vietnam

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Archived copy . 2014-04-11 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131352/http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/988_en-2.final.pdf . April 13, 2014 . mdy-all .
  2. Web site: April 11, 2012 . Tropical Cyclones Affecting the Cocos Islands and Christmas Island . Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre . https://web.archive.org/web/20120411044507/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/wa/cocos.shtml . August 3, 2014 . dead .
  3. live. Tropical Cyclone Dahlia. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. December 11, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20190419035905/http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/watc20171125.shtml. April 19, 2019. mdy-all.
  4. Web site: Daily Rainfall at Christmas Island Aero (Updated at 20 November 2021). www.bom.gov.au. Bureau of Meteorology. Melbourne, Victoria. 20 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211120064448/http://www.bom.gov.au/tmp/cdio/IDCJAC0009_200790_2021.pdf. 20 November 2021. dead.
  5. Severe Tropical Cyclone Gillian . Australian Bureau of Meteorology . August 3, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194038/http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/watc20140306.shtml . September 23, 2015 . live.
  6. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Tropical Cyclone Odette. 22 May 2023. Conroy, Adam. 4 May 2023.
  7. Web site: Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary: March 2007 . live . August 3, 2014 . January 17, 2013 . Padgett, Gary . https://web.archive.org/web/20130117024347/http://typhoon2000.ph/garyp_mgtcs/mar07sum.txt .
  8. Tropical Cyclone Cecily December 11–19, 1973 . September 24, 2015 . 2 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020110/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/cecily.pdf . Australian Bureau of Meteorology . August 10, 2014 .
  9. Tropical Cyclone Rosie, April 20–24, 2008 . Courtney, Joe . August 28, 2008 . Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre . September 24, 2015 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924040341/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/rosie.pdf . April 9, 2014 .
  10. Tropical Cyclone Norah October 28 – November 4, 1974 . January 20, 2016 . 2 . live . November 19, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160120021050/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/norah.pdf . Australian Bureau of Meteorology . December 3, 2015 .
  11. Tropical Cyclone Denise: May 19 – 25, 1975 . January 20, 2016 . 2 . live . November 19, 2010 . December 3, 2015 . Australian Bureau of Meteorology . https://web.archive.org/web/20160120021050/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/denise.pdf .
  12. Severe Tropical Cyclone Walter April 1 – 8, 2001 . June 12, 2009 . Australian Bureau of Meteorology . July 22, 2012 . Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre . Individual Cyclone Reports . https://web.archive.org/web/20120320213951/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/walter.pdf . March 20, 2012 . 1–2 . live .
  13. Severe Tropical Cyclone Tropical Cyclone Adeline 1 – 5 April 2005 . November 19, 2010 . Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre . September 24, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015952/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/adeline.pdf . August 3, 2014 . 1–2 . live .
  14. Tropical Cyclone Deidre 20 – 25 December 1973 . August 10, 2014 . Australian Bureau of Meteorology . April 2, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110402221149/http://reg.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/deidre.pdf . live . 2 .
  15. Severe Tropical Cyclone Bruce . Western Australian Regional Office . live . 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194034/http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/watc20131216.shtml . January 11, 2015 . September 23, 2015 . Australian Bureau of Meteorology .
  16. Web site: Cocos Island: December 2013 Daily Weather Observations . dead . January 1, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150102053107/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/201312/html/IDCJDW6027.201312.shtml . January 11, 2015 . January 2, 2015 . Australian Bureau of Meteorology .
  17. Severe Tropical Cyclone Kate . Western Australian Regional Office . live . January 1, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194041/http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/watc20141221.shtml . January 1, 2015 . September 23, 2015 . Australian Bureau of Meteorology .
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