List of the oldest mosques explained

The oldest mosques in the world can refer to the oldest, surviving building or to the oldest mosque congregation. There is also a distinction between old mosque buildings in continuous use as mosques and others no longer used as mosques. In terms of congregations, there are early established congregations that have been in continuous existence, and early congregations that ceased to exist.

The major regions, such as Africa and Eurasia, are sorted alphabetically, and the minor regions, such as Arabia and South Asia, are sorted by the dates in which their first mosques were reportedly established, more or less, barring those that are mentioned by name in the Quran.

To be listed here a site must:

be the oldest mosque in a country, large city (top 50), or oldest of its type (denomination, architectural, etc.);
be the oldest congregation of its type (denomination).

Mentioned in the Quran

The following are treated as the oldest mosques or sanctuaries^[1] mentioned in the Quran:^[2]

Building	Location	First built	Notes
Al-Haram Mosque	Mecca	, considered the oldest mosque, associated with Abraham	Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām, ;	2	144	e=217	s=ns">217. ns. ;	5	2	t=y	s=ns">y. ns. ;	8	34	t=y	s=ns">y. ns. ;	9	7	e=28	s=ns">28. ns. ;	17	1	e=7	s=ns"/> ;	22	25	t=y	s=ns">y. ns. .	48	25	e=27	s=ns">27. ns. the holiest sanctuary, containing the Ka'bah, a site of the Ḥajj ('Pilgrimage'), the Qiblah	2	127	t=y	s=ns">y. ns. (Direction of formal prayers of Muslims), and the first mosque	3	96	t=y	s=ns">y. ns.	22	25	e=37	s=ns">37. ns. in Islamic thought.^[3] ^[4] Rebuilt many times, notably 1571 by the Ottomans, and the late 20th century by the Saudis, further enlargement under way since 2010.
Haram al-Sharif, also known as the Al-Aqsa Mosque Compound	Jerusalem (old city)	Considered the second oldest mosque in Islamic tradition,^[5] associated with Abraham.The Dome of the Rock was constructed in 692, the Al-Aqsa Mosque in 705.	Al-Masjid al-Aqṣá,	17	1	e=7	s=ns"/> the former Qiblah,^[6] site of the significant event of Night Journey (Isra and Mi'raj)^[7] , considered the third holiest site in Islam. The Qur'an does not specify the precise location of "the furthest place of prayer", and its meaning was debated by early Islamic scholars.^[8] ^[9] ^[10] ^[11] Eventually, a consensus emerged its identification with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.^[12] The term Al-Aqsa properly refers to the whole Temple Mount compound (seen as a single mosque). The mosque compound should not be confused with the silver-domed congregational mosque or prayer hall facing Mecca, commonly referred to in English as Al-Aqsa Mosque, and also known as Al-Qibli Mosque (see below).
The Sacred Monument	Muzdalifah		Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām	2	129	t=y	s=ns">y. ns. a site of the Hajj.^[13] ^[14] ^[15] ^[16]
Quba Mosque	Medina		The first mosque built by Muhammad in the 7th century CE, possibly mentioned as the "Mosque founded on piety since the first day"	9	108	t=y	s=ns">y. ns. in the Quran. Largely rebuilt in the late 20th century.

Africa

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Great Mosque of Kairouan	Kairouan		Sunni	Believed to be the first mosque in the Maghreb. The current mosque dates from a total reconstruction starting in 836 under the Aghlabids, with further restorations and additions in later periods.^[22]
Sidi Okba Mosque	Sidi Okba			Mosque and tomb dated between 686 and 1025, starting with the tomb in 686. The mosque was subsequently built around it.^[23]
Al-Zaytuna Mosque	Tunis		Sunni	There are some doubts about the exact foundation date: usually attributed to 698 but it could have been a bit later in 734.^[24] ^[25] The current mosque dates from a total reconstruction in 864 under the Aghlabids,^[26] with further modifications and renovations in later eras.
Bu Ftata Mosque	Sousse	838–841		Dated by an inscription to the reign of Abu Iqal al-Aghlab ibn Ibrahim (838–841). Minaret added later under the Hafsids.^[27]
Great Mosque of Sfax	Sfax			Exact construction date uncertain, but probably around 849.^[28]
Great Mosque of Sousse	Sousse	^[29]
Al-Qarawiyyin mosque	Fez	859		Some doubts exist about the story of its foundation in 859.^[30] A possible alternative date is 877, based on an inscription discovered in the 20th century.^[31] ^[32] The present building dates from multiple later expansions and reconstructions, with the oldest elements dating to the 10th century. It underwent its most important expansion under the Almoravids between 1135 and 1143.^[33]
Mosque of the Andalusians	Fez	859		Like the Qarawiyyin Mosque, there are doubts about the story of its foundation. The oldest parts of the present building date from the 10th century. It was mostly reconstructed by the Almohads between 1203 and 1207.^[34]
Al-Naqah Mosque	Tripoli	973		Oldest Islamic monument in Tripoli,^[35] though its history is not well-known.^[36] Likely built by the Fatimid caliph al-Mu'izz in 973, though it may be older. An inscription records that it was reconstructed in 1610–1611 (1019 AH).
Great Mosque of Tlemcen	Tlemcen	1082		Founded in 1082 under the Almoravids, decoration completed or redone in 1136 by another Almoravid ruler. Important renovation and additions took place in 1236 under the first Zayyanid ruler.^[37]
Ksar Mosque	Tunis	1106
Kutubiyya Mosque	Marrakesh	1147

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Shanga Mosque	Shanga, Pate Island		(approximate)		Foundation discovered, with coins attesting dates, during the 1980s excavations. The earliest concrete evidence of Muslims in East Africa.^[38]
Great Mosque of Kilwa	Kilwa Kisiwani		1000–1100
Kizimkazi Mosque	Dimbani		(according to an inscription)^[39]
Tsingoni Mosque	Tsingoni, Mayotte		1538^[40]
Al-Fatah Mosque (Green Mosque)	Kigali	(then German East Africa)	1913^[41]	Founded by coastal Swahili-speaking Tanzanian Muslims who came to Rwanda to work in the German administration.

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Larabanga Mosque	Larabanga	1421	The oldest existing mud-brick mosque in Ghana.
Great Mosque of Kano	Kano	15th century	Built in for Emir Muhammad Rumfa
Agadez Mosque	Agadez	1515	Niger's oldest mosque.
Grand Mosque, Sokodé	Sokodé	1820^[42]

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Auwal Mosque	Cape Colony	(then Cape Colony)	1798^[43]	Recognised as the first mosque established in the country.
Palm Tree Mosque	Cape Colony	(then Cape Colony)	1807	Building constructed in, and established as a mosque in .
Masjid al-Qudama	Uitenhage, Eastern Cape		1849^[44]	It has been deduced that the mosque was a completed building by March 1849
Grey Street Mosque (Juma Mosque)	Durban		1881
Soofie Masjid	Butha Buthe		1900 (approximate)	Founded by Soofie Saheb at the turn of the century; the community is described as African Muslim yet speaking an Indian language.
Habibia Soofie Saheb Jamia Masjid	Rylands, Cape Town		1905
Lobatse Masjid	Lobatse		1960s^[45]	Founded by Indian Muslims who were brought over during the British colonial period.
Ezulwini Mosque	Ezulwini, near Mbabane		1982^[46]

Americas

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
		(then a colony of the Netherlands)	1906		Built by immigrant Javanese rice farmers.^[47]
Mesquita Brasil (São Paulo),	São Paulo		1929		Previous site built in 1929;^[48] current building inaugurated in 1952. First known mosque in Brazil.^[49]
			1930^[50]	Ahmadiyya
	El Paraíso, Caracas		1968^[51]
At-Tauhid Mosque	Buenos Aires		1983^[52]	Shi'ite	Opened in October 1983 by the Shi'ite community of Buenos Aires and with the support of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Argentina. It is a very simple building with a subtle Islamic style in its facade.^[53]
Mezquita as-Salam	Santiago		1995^[54]		Commissioned 1989, inaugurated in 1995.
Mohammed VI Mosque	Coquimbo		2007

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Al-Sadiq Mosque	Chicago, Illinois	1922	Ahmadiyya	Oldest extant mosque in the Americas.
Mother Mosque of America (Moslem Temple)	Cedar Rapids, Iowa	1934		Oldest extant purpose-built mosque in the United States
Al-Rashid Mosque	Edmonton, Alberta	1938		First purpose-built mosque in Canada.
	Westmoreland and Spanish Town	1950s^[55]		Constructed by the Islamic Society of Jamaica, which was founded in 1950.
Bridgetown Mosque	Bridgetown	1957^[56]		First purpose-built mosque in Barbados.
Omar bin Al-Khattab Mosque	Willemstad, Curaçao	1965^[57]
		1985^[58]		Converted private residence.
Suraya Mosque	Torreón	1989	Shi'ite	Built by the immigrants from the Middle East living in Torreón.
Omar Mosque	San José	1995^[59]	Sunni	Founded by the Islamic Cultural Association of Costa Rica.
	Belize City^[60]	2008 (approximate)^[61]		Founded by Belizeans who converted to Islam while in the United States.
Boukman Buhara Mosque	Cap-Haïtien	2016^[62]		First purpose-built mosque in Haiti. Includes a minaret. Constructed by the Diyanet Foundation of Turkey following the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Asia

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Al-Masjid al-Nabawi	Medina		Second holiest site in Islam (after Al-Haram Mosque) and Muhammad's mosque, which houses his tomb in what was initially his and his wife Aisha's house. Largely rebuilt and greatly enlarged in the late 20th century, whilst retaining at its heart the earlier construction of the Ottomans, and landmark green dome atop the prophet's mausoleum.
Masjid al-Qiblatain	Medina		Mosque originally with two Qiblah walls: One facing Jerusalem, the first Qiblah and another facing Mecca
Jawatha Mosque	Al-Kilabiyah	^[63]	Has recently been renovated and prayers are still held in this mosque.
Great Mosque of Sana'a	Sana'a	7th century	Possibly the oldest mosque in the country.
Mazin Mosque	Samail	7th century	Founded by Mazin Ben Ghadooba, who is considered to be the first Omani to adopt Islam during Muhammad's lifetime.^[64]
Al-Shawadhna Mosque	Nizwa	628–629 (possibly)^[65]	Original foundation attributed by some to 7 AH (628–629 CE). A construction or renovation dated to 1529 CE is recorded by an inscription above the mihrab.^[66]
Al-Hadi Mosque	Sa'dah
Khamis Mosque	Khamis, Manama	1000–1200 (approximate)^[67]	Though most of the structure is dated to the 11th or 12th century, it is popularly believed to have been founded by the Caliph Omar in the 600s.^[68]
Mosque in Al-Ain	Al Ain	1000s (Islamic Golden Age)	Possible the oldest mosque in the country.^[69] ^[70]
Al Badiyah Mosque	Fujairah	1400s^[71]	Some much earlier estimates have been proposed.

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Huaisheng Mosque	Guangzhou		The Huaisheng Mosque is the main mosque of Guangzhou. It has been rebuilt many times over its history. According to tradition it was originally built over 1,300 years ago in 627 CE by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, who was an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was named in memory of Muhammad.
Xianxian Mosque	Guangzhou City		The mosque was originally built in 629 during the Tang dynasty.
Great Mosque of Xi'an	Xi'an, Shaanxi	^[72]	Although the oldest stones date from the 18th century,^[73] the mosque was founded in 742^[74] Built in 742, but oldest mosque in China is the Beacon Tower mosque of Guangzhou being built in 627.^[75]
Jamia Mosque	(then British Hong Kong)	1890
Taipei Grand Mosque	Taipei	1947	Oldest and most famous mosque in Taiwan. Original building was firstly used in 1947, then relocated to a new site where it was reconstructed in 1960.
Kaohsiung Mosque	Taipei	1949	The second oldest mosque in Taiwan. The original building was built in 1949, then moved to a new location where the second building was built in 1951, and the third and final building built in 1992.
Macau Mosque	(then Portuguese Macau)	1980	The first and only mosque in Macau.

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Kobe Mosque	Kobe	1935^[76]	Designed in the Turkish style by a Czech architect, confiscated by the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1943, and later returned.
Seoul Central Mosque	Seoul	1976^[77]

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Barwada mosque	Ghogha, Gujarat	India	Before 623		Built by Arab traders at ancient port of Ghogha, Bhavnagar district in the state of Gujarat. The qibla (direction to be faced while offering namaaz) of the mosque is faced to Bait al Mukaddas (Jerusalem). The mosque is abandoned by devotees after the qibla was changed to Makkah in AD 623 and another mosque constructed at the same time.^[78] ^[79] ^[80] ^[81] ^[82]
Cheraman Juma Masjid	Kodungallur				Built by Malik bin Dinar, companion of Muhammad, on orders of Cheraman Perumal,^[83] then King of modern-day Kerala, it is the oldest mosque in the Indian subcontinent.^[84]
Palaiya Jumma Palli	Kilakarai			Sunni	Considered to be the first mosque to be built in Tamil Nadu, and the second mosque in India. Constructed by Yemeni merchants and trade settlers in the Pandiya Kingdom and ordered by Bazan ibn Sasan, Governor of Yemen at the time of Muhammad.^[85]
Masjid Al-Abrar	Beruwala, Kalutara District, Western Province		First century in the Hijri calendar		The date has been carved in its stone pillars. It is situated in western province of Sri Lanka.
Haji Piyada	Balkh		794 or 9th century		The oldest identifiable Islamic building in Afghanistan.^[86] Construction dated to either the 9th century^[87] or to 794.^[88]
Jamia Masjid, Banbhore	Banbhore, Sindh				This is the oldest mosque of Pakistan which is located in Bhambore.^[89] Also believed to be the first mosque in South Asia.^[90] Built after the conquest of Sindh.
Kazimar Big Mosque	Madurai		1284	Sunni, Hanafi, Shadhili	First mosque in Madurai.
Chaqchan Mosque	Khaplu, Gilgit Baltistan		1370		This is the oldest mosque of Gilgit Baltistan located in Khaplu.^[91] ^[92]
Sixty Dome Mosque	Bagerhat		1450		Built by Khan Jahan Ali, it is considered to be the second-oldest mosque in Bangladesh. The fortified structure contains eighty-one domes, sixty stone pillars and eleven mihrabs.
Neevin Mosque	Lahore		1460

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Sheik Karimal Makdum Mosque	Tubig Indangan, Simunul island, Bangsamoro	1380^[93]	Founded by Makhdum Karim, who introduced Islam to the Philippines. This is the oldest mosque in Southesast Asia.
Wapauwe Old Mosque	Kaitetu, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku	1414	The oldest surviving mosque in Indonesia.
Ampel Mosque	Ampel, Surabaya, East Java	1421^[94]	The oldest surviving mosque in Java, and second oldest in Indonesia.
Masjid Sultan Sharif Ali	Brunei	1430 (approximate)^[95]	Built under the direction of Sharif Ali ("Sultan Berkat"), who reigned 1425–1432.
Great Mosque of Demak	Demak, Central Java	15th century	Oldest mosque in Central Java and second oldest in Java.^[96]
300 Years Mosque	Narathiwat	17th century	It is at least one of the oldest known mosques in Thailand.^[97]
Masjid Omar Kampong Melaka	Central Area	1820^[98]	Originally a wooden structure built by Arab merchant Syed Omar Ali Aljunied.

Europe

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Great Mosque of Cordoba (Mezquita)	Córdoba, Andalusia	(then the Emirate of Córdoba)	^[104]	Originally built by Abd al-Rahman I in 785, it underwent successive extensions in the 9th and 10th centuries. After the Castilian conquest of Cordoba in 1236, it was converted into the city's cathedral, which it remains to this day.^[105]
Mosque inside Aljafería Palace	Zaragoza, Aragon	(then the Caliphate of Córdoba)	^[106]	A small prayer room inside the Aljafería Palace, dating from the Taifa period under the Hudid dynasty. It is accessed through a portal inside palace.^[107] In 2001, the original restored structures of the Aljafería were included in the Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon, a World Heritage Site.^[108]
Mosque of Madinat al-Zahra	Córdoba, Andalusia	(then the Caliphate of Córdoba)	^[109]	Friday mosque of Madinat al-Zahra, a vast, fortified palace-city begun in 936 by Abd al-Rahman III.^[110] The city's mosque was inaugurated in 941–942.^[111] The complex was plundered & destroyed during the civil war that ended the Caliphate of Córdoba in the early 11th century. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2018.^[112]
Mosque of Cristo de la Luz	Toledo, Castile-La Mancha	(then the Caliphate of Córdoba)	^[113]	Built in 999 in Toledo, this building is a rarity in that it is in much the same state as it was when it was originally built.^[114] Originally a square structure with nine domed bays, a semi-circular apse was added in 1187, after it had been converted into a church.^[115]
Mosque of las Tornerías	Toledo, Castile-La Mancha	(then the Taifa of Toledo)	(completed)^[116]	Arabic: الـمـسـتـمـيـم\|al-Mustimim was built in the middle of the 11th century^[117] on the foundations of Roman architecture, located in the old Muslim neighborhood Arrabal de Francos. The building continued maintaining the Islamic faith in Spain well beyond the reconquista of the city by the Christian troops of Alfonso VI of León and Castile in 1085, until the period of 1498–1505, when it was desacralizated by the Catholic Monarchs.
Ribat of Arrifana Archaeological site	Aljezur, Algarve	(then the Almoravid dynasty)	^[118]	Probably constructed by Abu-l-Qasim Ahmad ibn al-Husayn ibn Qasi, governor of Silves and a rebel leader against the Almoravid dynasty. These are the only ruins of such Muslim fortress to have been identified in Portugal, excavated by Portuguese archaeologists since 2001.
Church of Nossa Senhora da Anunciação	Mértola, Alentejo	(then the Almohad Caliphate)		Unique and most identifiable former mosque in Portugal, although a mixture of Almohad and Manueline post-Gothic architecture. Rebuilt in the second half of the 12th century with some elements from the 9th century.
Giralda	Seville, Andalusia	(then the Almohad Caliphate)	1248 ^[119]	Only the minaret remains. Mosque comparable in size to Great mosque of Cordoba, mostly destroyed by earthquake in 1365. Minaret used as a church bell tower was built higher in the 16th century.
Church of São Clemente	Tavira, Algarve	(then the Kingdom of Portugal)	^[120]	Only parts of the original minaret remain, incorporated in the church bell tower. It's 22.7 metres tall and 4.2 metres wide. Across it lies an old Muslim cemetery of Jardim dos Amuados.
Mosque of Tórtoles	Tarazona, Aragon	(then the Crown of Aragon)	(completed)	Almost unaltered in the later centuries.
San Sebastian Minaret (Alminar De San Sebastian)	Ronda, Andalusia	(then the Almohad Caliphate)		Only minaret of the medium-size mosque in Plaza Abul Beka neighborhood remains. Minaret was expanded and used as a bell tower. The mosque was converted to a church but destroyed in the 1600s during Morisco Revolts. Ronda was a Muslim city for 700 years. The city had 7 or 8 mosques, none survive today.^[121]

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Al-Agha Mosque	Dragash		1268	Built by Muslims who migrated from Aleppo, in Syria, to Kosovo.^[122]
Dzhumaya Mosque	Plovdiv		1363–1364	Built during the reign of Sultan Murad II the old building was demolished and replaced by the modern-day mosque.
Sailors' Mosque	Ulcinj		14th century
Halit Efendi Mosque	Slupčane, Lipkovo Municipality		1415	It is considered to be the oldest mosque in North Macedonia. However, as a result of the various renovation works, the building has been altered to such an extent that it is no longer in its original state.^[123]
Turhan Emin-Beg Mosque	Ustikolina		1448–1449	Built by Turhan Emin-beg. Known to have been destroyed two times (1941 and 1992) and rebuilt two times (1956 and 2007).^[124]
Fatih Mosque, Elbasan	Elbasan Castle		1466	Built by the orders of Sultan Mehmed II.^[125]
Old Mosque, Plav (Imperial Mosque)	Plav		1471	Built during the Ottoman rule in the city.^[126]
King Mosque or Sultan Bayazit Mosque	Elbasan		1482
Iljaz Mirahori Mosque	Korçë		1494	It was built by Iljaz Hoxha, also known as Iljaz Bey Mirahor,^[127] and is a Cultural Monument of Albania.^[128]
Mosque of Kuklibeu	Prizren		1534
Mosque of Muderis Ali Efendi	Prizren		1543–1581
Esmahan Sultan Mosque	Mangalia		1575	Oldest mosque in Romania
			1558 (earliest attestation in writing)	Tatar mosques in Poland were noted in a 1558 treatise Risale-i Tatar-i Lech.^[129]
		(then the Grand Duchy of Lithuania)	1500–1600^[130]	Various records indicate Lithuanian Tatars built mosques in the Duchy during the 16th century
Mosque of Sinan Pasha	Prizren		1615
Log pod Mangartom Mosque	Log pod Mangartom, Municipality of Bovec	(then Austria-Hungary)	1916	Built by Bosniak members of the Austro-Hungarian army.^[131]
Gunja Mosque	Gunja		1969	The first and one of the few mosques in Croatia, located near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Vienna Islamic Centre-Mosque	Vienna		1979^[132]
Brno Mosque	Brno		1998	Construction began 1996, inaugurated 1998.

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Liverpool Mosque and Muslim Institute	Liverpool,	1891^[133]	Liverpool Muslim Institute	Several sources state that a mosque was founded in 1860 at 2 Glynrhondda Street, Cardiff, Wales. This has been rejected by an academic paper as a transcription error.^[134]
Dublin Mosque and Islamic Centre	Dublin	1976^[135]		The first purpose-built mosque was built in Ballyhaunis in 1987.

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Père Lachaise Ottoman Mosque	Paris (first in Metropolitan France)	1856	This mosque served for burial prayers for Ottoman diplomats, North African military personnel, and Turkish and Arab students. It fell into disrepair when France and the Ottoman Empire went to war in 1914.^[136]
Grand Mosque of Paris	Paris	1926	The mosque was built in the Moroccan style and honored Muslim French veterans of World War I.^[137]
Wünsdorf Mosque	Wünsdorf, Berlin	1915	Erected in 1915 by the Imperial German Army administration for Muslim Allied prisoners of war in the POW camp in Wünsdorf, later used as refugee camp. In 1930 torn down due to lack of a congregation.
Mobarak Mosque	The Hague	1955	The first known purpose-built mosque in the Netherlands.
Centre Islamique de Genève ("Little Mosque" of Geneva)	Geneva	1961	Founded by Said Ramadan

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Järvenpää Mosque		1942	A mosque of the community of Finnish Tatars. It is considered to be the oldest mosque in Nordic countries. Finland's first Muslim cemetery was established in the 1830s for Russian troops.^[138]
Nusrat Djahan Mosque	Hvidovre, outside Copenhagen	1967	Founded by the Ahmadiyya; first purpose-built mosque in a Nordic country.
Islamic Cultural Centre Norway	Oslo	1974	Founded by Pakistani-Norwegians aided by Danish Muslims; of the Sunni Deobandi school. The first Shi'i mosque, Anjuman-e Hussain, opened in 1975; the first Sunni Barelvi mosque opened in 1976.
Nasir Mosque	Gothenburg	1976
	Stockholm	2000^[139]	Converted from Katarinastation, a former power station.
Reykjavík Mosque	Reykjavík	2002^[140]	Not a purpose-built mosque, but serves as an interim gathering site.

Oceania

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Marree Mosque	Marree, South Australia	1861 / 1882	Small structure in the South Australian desert built by Australia's "Afghan" camel-drivers, has been restored.
Central Adelaide Mosque	Adelaide	1888	The oldest major city mosque in the country.^[141]
	Auckland	1979 (begun)	Cornerstone laid in 1979; the first Islamic centre in the country was installed in an Auckland house bought in 1959.^[142]

Image! Location! Country! First built! Denomination! class="unsortable"
Notes
Hidayatullah Sanoek Mosque	Sanoek, South Waigeo, Raja Ampat Regency, West Papua	1505 (approximate)	The oldest surviving mosque in Oceania^[143]
	Vitogo, Nausori, and Tavua	1922 (approximate)	A number of wooden mosques were built by local Islamic assemblies around 1922.^[144]
	Port Moresby	2000	Islam was introduced to the island in the 1970s,^[145] and the first Islamic centre established in 1988.

External links

Notes and References

Book: Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies . Goss, V. P. . Bornstein, C. V. . The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades . Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University . 21 . 208 . 978-0-9187-2058-0 . 1986.
[Quran 17:1-7]
Mecca: From Before Genesis Until Now, M. Lings, pg. 39, Archetype
Book: Zeitlin, I. M. . The Historical Muhammad . . 3 . 978-0745654881 . https://books.google.com/books?id=v_seJ21M0UoC . 2013-04-25.
Book: National Geographic Society (U.S.) . de Blij . H.J. . Downs . R. . John Wiley & Sons . Wiley/National Geographic College Atlas of the World . Wiley . 2007 . 978-0-471-74117-6 . 2022-06-15 . 49. Al 'Aqsa is the second oldest mosque in Islam after the Kaaba in Mecca and is third in holiness after the mosques in Mecca and Medina. It holds up to 400,000 worshippers at one time..
"The Spiritual Significance of Jerusalem: The Islamic Vision. The Islamic Quarterly. 4 (1998): pp.233–242
Book: Buchanan, Allen . States, Nations, and Borders: The Ethics of Making Boundaries . Cambridge University Press . 2004 . 0-521-52575-6 . Allen Buchanan.
el-Khatib . Abdallah . 1 May 2001 . Jerusalem in the Qur'ān . dead . British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies . 28 . 1 . 25–53 . 10.1080/13530190120034549 . https://archive.today/20121209133352/http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=1353-0194&volume=28&issue=1&spage=25 . 9 December 2012 . 17 November 2006 . 159680405.
Khalek, N. (2011). Jerusalem in Medieval Islamic Tradition. Religion Compass, 5(10), 624–630. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00305.x. "One of the most pressing issues in both medieval and contemporary scholarship related to Jerusalem is weather the city is explicitly referenced in the text of the Qur'an. Sura 17, verse 1, which reads [...] has been variously interpreted as referring to the miraculous Night Journey and Ascension of Muhammad, events recorded in medieval sources and known as the isra and miraj. As we will see, this association is a rather late and even a contested one. [...] The earliest Muslim work on the Religious Merits of Jerusalem was the Fada'il Bayt al-Maqdis by al-Walid ibn Hammad al-Ramli (d. 912 CE), a text which is recoverable from later works. [...] He relates the significance of Jerusalem vis-a-vis the Jewish Temple, conflating 'a collage of biblical narratives' and comments pilgrimage to Jerusalem, a practice which was controversial in later Muslim periods."
Book: Frederick S. Colby . Narrating Muhammad's Night Journey: Tracing the Development of the Ibn 'Abbas Ascension Discourse . 6 August 2008 . SUNY Press . 978-0-7914-7788-5 . 15 . If Muslims interpret the qur'anic phrase "the sacred place of prayer" in diverse ways, one encounters even more debate over the destination of the night journey, the "furthest place of prayer". From the earliest extant Muslim texts, it becomes clear that a group of Muslims from the beginning interpreted "furthest place of prayer" with the city of Jerusalem in general and its Herodian/Solomonic Temple in particular. It is equally clear that other early Muslims disputed this connection, identifying the "furthest place of prayer" instead as a reference to a site in the heavens. Eventually a general consensus formed around the idea that Muhammad's journey did indeed take him to Jerusalem. Even if the night journey verse were thought to refer first and foremost to the terrestrial portion of Muhammad's journey, nevertheless for centuries scholars and storytellers also continued to connect this verse with the idea of an ascent through the levels of the heavens. . 14 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200715080148/https://books.google.com/books?id=sasZCjcTisIC&pg=PA15 . 15 July 2020 . live.
Grabar . Oleg . 1959 . The Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem . Ars Orientalis . 3 . 33–62 . 0571-1371 . 4629098 . Bevan has shown that among early traditionists there are many who do not accept the identification of the masjid al-aqsd, and among them are to be found such great names as al-Bukhari and Tabarl. Both Ibn Ishaq an al-Ya'qubi precede their accounts with expressions which indicate that these are stories which are not necessarily accepted as dogma. It was suggested by J. Horovitz that in the early period of Islam there is little justification for assuming that the Koranic expression in any way referred to Jerusalem. But while Horovitz thought that it referred to a place in heaven, A. Guillaume's careful analysis of the earliest texts (al-Waqidi and al-Azraqi, both in the later second century A.H.) has convincingly shown that the Koranic reference to the masjid al-aqsa applies specifically to al-Ji'ranah, near Mekkah, where there were two sanctuaries (masjid al-adnai and masjid al-aqsa), and where Muhammad so-journed in dha al-qa'dah of the eighth year after the Hijrah..
Busse, H. (1968). The sanctity of Jerusalem in Islam. Judaism, 17(4), 441. "Tradition varies as to the location of the Ascension; Syrian local tradition was able to prevail, by maintaining that the Ascension started in Jerusalem rather than in Mecca, directly following the Night Journey".
Book: Long, David E. . The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah . 2: The Rites of the Hajj . 11–24 . 1979 . SUNY Press . With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah, the potential is there for one of ... There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the Sacred Grove) ... . https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC . 978-0-8739-5382-5.
Book: Danarto . A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca . 1989 . 27 . It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj . We scrambled out of the bus and looked ... . 978-0-8674-6939-4.
Encyclopedia: Jones . Lindsay . Encyclopedia of religion . . 7159 . 10 . 2005 . The Qur'an admonishes: "When you hurry from Arafat, remember God at the Sacred Grove (al-mash' ar al-haram)," that is, at Muzdalifah (2:198). Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt ... . 978-0-0286-5743-1.
Book: Ziauddin Sardar . . Hajj Studies . Croom Helm for Hajj Research Centre . . . 32 . 1978 . Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes. The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque, the Sacred Grove, Al Mush'ar al-Haram. On the morning of the tenth, all depart ... . 978-0-8566-4681-2. Ziauddin Sardar .
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http://www.discoverislamicart.org/database_item.php?id=monument;ISL;tn;Mon01;5;en Great Mosque of Sousse.
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Notes
Mosque of the Companions	Massawa			Believed by some to be the first mosque in Africa and built by the companions of Muhammad in the 7th century.^[17]
Mosque of Amr ibn al-As	Cairo			Named after 'Amr ibn al-'As, commander of the Muslim conquest of Egypt. First mosque in Egypt and claimed by some to be the first mosque in Africa.^[18] ^[19] ^[20] ^[21]
Mosque of Ibn Tulun	Cairo
Al-Azhar Mosque	Cairo		Sunni
Arba'a Rukun Mosque	Mogadishu	1268/9	Sunni

Notes
Al-Omari Grand Mosque	Beirut	Lebanon	635	Sunni	The mihrab is the oldest part of the mosque, dating back to the Caliphate of Umar.
Al-Qibli Mosque (al-Jami' al-Aqsa)	Jerusalem (old city)				A Muslim prayer hall with a silver-colored lead dome located in the southern part of Al-Aqsa (Temple Mount), built by the Rashidun caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab.
Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque	Aleppo
Ibrahimi Mosque	Hebron		^[99]
Great Mosque of Aleppo	Aleppo
Umayyad Mosque	Damascus			Sunni	Fourth holiest site and the national mosque of Syria. It was originally built after the Muslim conquest of the city in 634. The current structure dates to 715.
White Mosque	Ramla		720
Al-Omari Mosque	Bosra
Great Mosque of Raqqa	Raqqa
Arab Ahmet Mosque	Arab Ahmet quarter of Nicosia		Late 16th century		The mosque is named after a commander of the 1571 Ottoman army who made an expedition in 1571.^[100] ^[101]

Notes
Ayasofya Mosque (Hagia Sophia)	Istanbul	1453 (537)		Built in 537 as a Greek Orthodox cathedral, converted to a mosque in 1453, and then a museum in 1931.^[102] In 2020, it was again converted into a mosque by order of a Turkish court.
Great Mosque of Kufa	Kufa		Shia	The mosque, built in the 7th century, contains the remains of Muslim ibn Aqeel – first cousin of Husayn ibn Ali, his companion Hani ibn Urwa, and the revolutionary Mukhtar al-Thaqafi.
Maqam al-Imam al-Husayn Mosque	Karbala		Shia	Reconstructed several times, including in 1016.
Jameh Mosque of Ferdows	Ferdows	7th century (possibly)
Al-Hisn Mosque	Mopsuestia, Adana Province			Built by the Umayyad caliph Umar II, as part of his conversion of the city into a military base to shield Antioch from a potential Greek attack. The building fell into ruin during the reign of Al-Mu'tasim, approximately 120 years later.
Jameh Mosque of Isfahan	Isfahan
Jameh Mosque of Fahraj	Fahraj	^[103]
Tarikhaneh Mosque	Damghan	8th century
Great Mosque of Samarra	Samarra
Al-Askari Mosque	Samarra		Shia (Twelver)	Shrine of the 10th and 11th Twelver Shi'ite Imams: Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari.
Imam Ali Mosque	Najaf		Shia, Sunni	Houses the tomb of Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muhammad's cousin and fourth Caliph, and the first person of the Shia Imamate.
Great Mosque of Diyarbakır	Diyarbakır	1092	Sunni	One of the oldest known mosques in modern Turkey.
Yivliminare Mosque (Alaeddin Mosque)	Antalya	1230
Aslanhane Mosque	Ankara	1290

Notes
Po-i-Kalyan		Bukhara				Since 713 here, several edifices of main cathedral mosque were built then razed, restored after fires and wars, and moved from place to place.

Notes
Juma Mosque	Shamakhi		Built in 743–744, set on fire by Armenian units of "Dashnaktsutiun" in 1918, reconstructed in 2009.
Blue Mosque	Yerevan	Mid-18th century

Notes
Juma Mosque		Derbent, Dagestan (then part of the Abbasid Caliphate)