List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans explained

This is a list of the biological mothers of Ottoman sultans. There were thirty-six sultans of the Ottoman Empire in twenty-one generations (during early days the title Bey or Ghazi was used instead of Sultan). Throughout the six-century history the sultans were the members of the same house, namely the House of Osman (Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı).

Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans

This list is distinct from the list of Valide Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. Valide Sultan was the title of the mother of the reigning sultan. The mothers who died before their sons' accession to throne, never assumed the title of Valide Sultan like Hürrem, Muazzez, Mihrişah,^[1] and Şermi. On the other hand, step mothers who were not the biological mothers but raised the princes whose mothers had died assumed the title of Valide Sultan like Perestu. So there were Valide Sultans who were not the mothers, and there were mothers who were not the Valide Sultans.

The detailed list of the mothers

Name	Titles	Maiden Name	Origin	Years of life	Son(s)
Halime Hatun (Tradition)^[2]	Hatun	Halime	Turkish^[3]		Osman I
Malhun Hatun	Hatun^[4]	Kameriye Malhun	Turkish, Daughter of Ömer Abdülaziz Bey	Anatolia — Bursa, after 1326	Orhan I
Nilüfer	Valide Hatun	Unknown	Greek		Murad I
Gülçiçek	Hatun	unknown	Greek	1335, Bithynia, Ottoman Empire	Bayezid I
Devlet	Valide Hatun	unknown	unknown	died 1422, Bursa, Ottoman Empire	Mehmed I
Emine	Valide Hatun	Emine	Oghuz Turkic	born in Elbistan, Beylik of Dulkadir —1449, Ottoman Empire	Murad II
Hüma	Valide Hatun	Esther or Stella (?)	Italian (?)	1446 — September 1449, Bursa, Ottoman Empire
Emine Gülbahar Mükrime	Valide Hatun	unknown		died 1492, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Bayezid II
Ayşe Gülbahar	Hatun	Unknown	Pontic Greek	1453, Vayvara, — 1505, Trabzon, Ottoman Empire	Selim I
Ayşe Hafsa	Valide Sultan	Unknown	European, Crimean or Circassian^[5]	1472 — 19 March 1534, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Suleiman I
Hürrem	Haseki Sultan	Alexandra Anastazja Lisowska	Ruthenian		Selim II
Nurbanu	Haseki Sultan Valide Sultan	Cecilia Venier-Baffo or Rachel or Kalē Kartanou	Venecian or Jewish or Greek	1525-1527, Paros, Cyclades Islands, or Corfu, Republic of Venice — 7 December 1583, Topkapi Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Murad III
Safiye	Haseki Sultan Valide Sultan	Sophia	Albanian	1550, Dukagjin highlands, Albania — after 1619, Eski Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Mehmed III
Handan	Valide Sultan	Helena	Bosnian	1568, Ottoman Bosnia — 9 November 1605, Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Halime	Valide Sultan	unknown	Abkhaz^[6]	1570, Abkhazia, Ottoman Empire — after 1623, Eski Palace, Beyazıt Square, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Mustafa I
Mahfiruz	Hatun	unknown	unknown	1590 — 1610, Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Osman II
Kösem	Haseki Sultan Valide Sultan Regent "Naib-i-Sultanat"	Anastasia	Greek	1590, Tinos, Republic of Venice or Bosnia — 2 September 1651, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Murad IV Ibrahim I
Turhan	BaşHaseki Sultan Valide Sultan Regent "Naib-i-Sultanat"	Nadya	Russian^[7]	1627/1628, Ruthenia — 4 August 1683, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Mehmed IV
Saliha Dilaşub	Haseki Sultan Valide Sultan	Katarina	Serbian	1627 — 4 December 1689, Edirne Palace, Edirne, Ottoman Empire	Suleiman II
Muazzez	Haseki Sultan	unknown	unknown^[8]	Unknown — 12 September 1687, Old Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Ahmed II
Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş	Haseki Sultan Valide Sultan	Evmania Voria	Greek or Venetian from the island of Crete	1642, Rethymno, Republic of Venice — 6 November 1715, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Mustafa II Ahmed III
Saliha	Valide Sultan	Unknown	Serbian or Greek	1680, — 21 September 1739, Tırnakçı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Mahmud I
Şehsuvar	Valide Sultân	Unknown	Russian	1682, Tsardom of Russia — 27 April 1756, Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Osman III
Emine Mihrişah^[9]	Kadın	unknown	unknown /	unknown — April 1732, Eski Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Mustafa III
Rabia Şermi	Kadın	unknown	unknown /	unknown — 1732, Eski Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Abdul Hamid I
Mihrişah	Valide Sultan	Agnes	Georgian^[10]	1745, Georgia — 16 October 1805, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Ayşe Sineperver	Valide Sultan	Unknown	Circassian or Georgian	1759/1760 — 11 December 1828, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Mustafa IV
Nakşidil	Valide Sultan		Georgian	1761 — 22 August 1817, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Mahmud II
Bezmiâlem	Valide Sultan	unknown	Georgian	1807, Georgia, Russian Empire — 2 May 1853, Beşiktaş Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Abdulmejid
Pertevniyal	Valide Sultan	Besime	Romanian^[11] or Circassian	1812 — 5 February 1883, Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Abdülaziz
Şevkefza	Valide Sultan	Unknown	Georgian	12 December 1820 — 17 September 1889, Çırağan Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Murad V
Tirimüjgan^[12]	Kadin	Unknown	Circassian	16 August 1819, Circassia — 3 October 1852, Feriye Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Abdul Hamid II
Gülcemal	Kadin	Unknown		c. 1826, Sarajevo, Bosnia Eyalet, Ottoman Empire — 29 November 1851, Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Mehmed V
Gülistü	Dördüncü Kadın	Fatma Chachba	Abkhazian	1830, born in Sukhumi, Principality of Abkhazia — 1861, Eyüp Palace, Eyüp, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire	Mehmed VI

See also

• List of Ottoman titles and appellations
• Valide sultan
• Haseki sultan

Sources

• Encyclopedia: Akyıldız . Ali . Saliha Sultan . https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/36/C36011776.pdf . Islam Ansiklopedisi . Istanbul . İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi . 2009 . 36 . 45 .
• Book: Alderson, Anthony Dolphin . 1956 . The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty . Clarendon Press .
• Book: Baer, Marc David . [{{GBurl|CIPR5L5SAtYC}} Honored by the Glory of Islam: Conversion and Conquest in Ottoman Europe ]. Oxford University Press . 2011 . 9780199797837.
• Book: Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz. Resimli Osmanlı tarihi. 2007. Nesil yayınları. 978-975-269-299-2.
• Book: Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz. Resimli Osmanlı tarihi. 15. 2009. Nesil yayınları.
• Book: Carsten, F. L. . [{{GBurl|FzQ9AAAAIAAJ}} The New Cambridge Modern History ]. Cambridge University Press . 1961 . V. The Ascendancy of France, 1648—88 . 505–506 . 9780521045445 .
• Book: Cooke . Miriam . Göknar . Erdağ M. . Parker . Grant Richard . [{{GBurl|q5rtAAAAMAAJ}} Mediterranean passages: readings from Dido to Derrida ]. University of North Carolina Press . 2008 . 9780807831830 .
• Book: İpşirli, Mehmet . Gülnûş Emetullah Sultan . İstanbul . İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi . 1996 . 14 . 248—249.
• Encyclopedia: Karaca . Filiz . Turhan Sultan . https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/turhan-sultan . . İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi . 2012 . 41 . 423–425 . tr.
• Book: Peirce, Leslie P.. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. 1993. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-508677-5.
• Book: Sakaoğlu, Necdet . Bu mülkün kadın sultanları. İstanbul. ALFA Basım Yayım Dağıtım San. ve T ic. Ltd. Şti. . 2015. 279—291 . 978-605-171-079-2. tr .
• Book: Uluçay, M. Çağatay . Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları. Is.. Ötüken . 2011 . 105—107 . 9754378401. tr .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Sultan III. Mustafa Han . 2009-02-06 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20120402034558/http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/belge/2-1297/sultan-iii-mustafa-han.html . 2012-04-02 . dead .
2. Book: Lowry, Heath W.. The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. 2012-02-01. SUNY Press. 978-0-7914-8726-6. en.
3. Book: Güler, Turgut . Mahzun Hududlar Çağlayan Sular . Ötüken Neşriyat A.Ş. . 978-605-155-702-1 . ar.
4. Book: Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. 9789753296236. Sakaoğlu. Necdet. 2008.
5. Book: Sakaoğlu, Necdet. Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Publications. 2008. 148. 978-9-753-29623-6.

   tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu

   . (Her name is given as "Hafsa bint-i Abdü'l-Muin" in Kitâbeler by İ. H. Uzunçarşılı. This shows that she was of non-Turkish origin, and later converted to Islam. The assertions that she was daughter of Meñli I Giray of the Crimean Khanate was never proven even though one of the wives of Selim I, namely Ayşe Hatun, was the real daughter of Meñli I Giray.)
6. Web site: Mother Of Mustafa I. Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı (Ottoman Research Foundation). https://web.archive.org/web/20071013161234/http://osmanli.org.tr/osmanlisultanlari-5-222.html. 2007-10-13. dead.
7. Ruth Barzilai-Lumbroso (2008). Turkish Men, Ottoman Women: Popular Turkish Historians and the Writing of Ottoman Women's History. ProQuest. .
8. A.D. Alderson, The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1955, p.83
9. Book: Sakaoğlu, Necdet. Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. 2008. 303. 978-9-753-29623-6.

   tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu

   .
10. Book: E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. 1987. BRILL. 90-04-08265-4. 1117–.
11. Book: Alpgüvenç . Can . 2013 . Pertevniyal Valide Sultan . Hayırda Yarışan Hanım Sultanlar . https://books.google.com/books?id=nsDZAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 . tr . 1 . Istanbul . Kaynak Kültür Yayınları . 9786054770151 . 24 Apr 2016 .
12. Web site: Sultan II. Abdülhamid Han . 2009-02-06 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20120402034709/http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/belge/2-1305/sultan-ii-abdulhamid-han.html . 2012-04-02 . dead .