List of Catholic bishops in the United States explained

The following is a list of bishops of the Catholic Church in the United States, including Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Marianas and Samoa.

The Catholic Church in the United States comprises:

• 176 Latin Church dioceses led by archbishops and bishops
• 18 Eastern Catholic eparchies led by eparchs
• the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA, for American military personnel, led by an archbishop
• the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter, a special diocese of Anglican converts to Catholicism.^[1]

Archbishops and bishops

The 176 Latin Church dioceses in the United States are divided into 33 ecclesiastical provinces. Each province has a metropolitan archdiocese led by an archbishop, and at least one suffragan diocese. Each suffragan diocese is led by a bishop. The Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA is the only American archdiocese that is not designated as a metropolitan archdiocese. The pope appoints all archbishops and bishops, who must be at least ordained priests. The pope chooses from a list of candidates provided by the papal nuncio of the United States to the Congregation of Bishops in Rome.^[2]

• Most archdioceses and large dioceses have one or more auxiliary bishops, serving under the direction of the archbishop or bishop. After consultation with the Papal Nuncio to the United States, the pope appoints all auxiliary bishops.
• Some archdioceses and dioceses have a coadjutor archbishop or coadjutor bishop. The coadjutor assists an elderly or ailing archbishop or bishop with their administrative duties. After the archbishop or bishop retires or dies, the coadjutor normally succeeds him without an appointment by the pope. The pope appoints all coadjutors.

In some rare cases, the pope will name a titular archbishop as the bishop of a suffragan diocese. The most recent example in the United States was that of Celestine Damiano, whom Pope John XXIII named as bishop of the Diocese of Camden in 1960.^[3]

There are several dioceses in the American inhabited territories:

• In the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the archbishop and five bishops form their own episcopal conference, the Conferencia Episcopal Puertorriqueña.^{[4] [5]}
• In the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and Guam, the bishops belong to the Episcopal Conference of the Pacific.

All active and retired bishops and archbishops in the United States —diocesan, coadjutor, and auxiliary—are members of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB).

Foreign-born bishops serving in the United States

Most nations with large Catholic populations in non-missionary geographical areas propose and elect native-born clergy to the episcopacy. An exception to this rule is the United States, which has a significant number of foreign-born bishops, with most serving as auxiliaries in culturally diverse dioceses. As of 2024, 33 active foreign-born bishops are serving in the United States, representing about 11% of all active American bishops.

• Nine bishops are from Mexico
• Five are from Philippines
• Three are from Vietnam
• Three are from Poland
• Two are from Brazil

The following nations have produced at least one bishop who is serving in the United States: Italy, Haiti, Ireland, Colombia, Lebanon, Peru, Spain, Cuba, South Africa, Malta, Argentina, El Salvador, and Cameroon.

The Archdioceses of Los Angeles and San Antonio and seven dioceses (Raleigh, Fall River, Charleston, Salt Lake City, San Bernardino, Las Cruces, and St Thomas) are led by foreign-born archbishops and bishops.^[6] Two American archdioceses and two dioceses have more than one foreign-born active bishop assigned to them:

• Archdiocese of Los Angeles: (4) Archbishop Gomez and Bishops Szkredeka, Aclan, and Bahuth
• Diocese of Rockville Centre: (2) Bishops Fernandez and Zglejezewski
• Diocese of San Diego: (2) Bishops Pham and Pulido
• Archdiocese of Washington: (2) Archbishop Esposito-Garcia and Bishop Menjivar-Ayala

Additionally, there are several dozen bishops currently serving in the United States who are first-generation American-born children of immigrant parents.

Archeparchs

The United States has two Eastern Catholic metropoliae, each led by a metropolitan archbishop called an archeparch:

• In the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church there is a single metropolis — the Metropolis of Pittsburgh
• The four Ukrainian Catholic eparchies constitute the second metropolia. Philadelphia is the metropolitan see.

Cardinals

the Vatican has designated six American metropolitan archbishops in the Latin Church as cardinals:

• Blase Cupich – Archdiocese of Chicago
• Daniel DiNardo – Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston
• Joseph Tobin – Archdiocese of Newark
• Timothy Dolan – Archdiocese of New York
• Wilton Gregory – Archdiocese of Washington

One suffragan diocese is led by a cardinal:

• Robert W. McElroy – Diocese of San Diego

Five American archdioceses have retired archbishops who served as cardinal-archbishops:

• Adam Maida – Archdiocese of Detroit
• Roger Mahony – Archdiocese of Los Angeles
• Seán O'Malley – Archdiocese of Boston
• Justin Rigali – Archdiocese of Philadelphia
• Donald Wuerl – Archdiocese of Washington

Three American archdioceses have former archbishops whom the Vatican created as cardinals after they completed their tenures as diocesan archbishops:

• Edwin O'Brien – Archdiocese of Baltimore
• James Stafford – Archdiocese of Denver
• Raymond Burke – Archdiocese of St. Louis

Latin church archbishops and bishops

Bishops emeriti

List of retired Ordinaries

Province	Name	Title	Ecclesiastical territory
Anchorage-Juneau		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Anchorage
Atlanta		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Charleston
	Peter Joseph Jugis	bishop emeritus	Diocese of Charlotte
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Savannah
Baltimore		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Baltimore
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Baltimore
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Arlington
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Wilmington
Boston	Seán Patrick O'Malley	archbishop emeritus of Boston	Archdiocese of Boston
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Boston
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Boston
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Manchester
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Portland
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Springfield
Chicago		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Chicago
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Chicago
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Chicago
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Chicago
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Chicago
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Belleville
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Joliet
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Peoria
Cincinnati		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Cincinnati
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Cleveland
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Columbus
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Columbus
Denver		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Denver
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Colorado Springs
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Pueblo
Detroit		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Detroit
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Detroit
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Detroit
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Grand Rapids
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Kalamazoo
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Lansing
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Marquette
Dubuque		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Dubuque
		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Dubuque
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Davenport
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Davenport
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Des Moines
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Des Moines
Galveston-Houston		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Beaumont
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Corpus Christi
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Corpus Christi
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Tyler
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Victoria
Hartford	Leonard Paul Blair	archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Hartford
		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Hartford
		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Hartford
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Hartford
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Hartford
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Providence
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Providence
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Providence
Indianapolis		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Evansville
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Lafayette in Indiana
Kansas City in Kansas		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Dodge City
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Dodge City
Las Vegas		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Las Vegas
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Reno
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Reno
Los Angeles		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Los Angeles
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Los Angeles
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Los Angeles
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Los Angeles
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Los Angeles
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Los Angeles
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Los Angeles
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Fresno
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Monterey
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of San Bernardino
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of San Bernardino
Louisville		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Louisville
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Covington
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Knoxville
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Lexington
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Memphis
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Memphis
Miami		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Miami
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Palm Beach
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Pensacola-Tallahassee
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of St. Augustine
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of St. Petersburg
Milwaukee		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Milwaukee
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Green Bay
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Green Bay
	William Patrick Callahan	bishop emeritus
Mobile		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Birmingham
New Orleans		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of New Orleans
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Baton Rouge
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Lafayette in Louisiana
New York		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of New York
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of New York
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of New York
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of New York
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of New York
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of New York
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Brooklyn
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Brooklyn
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Brooklyn
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Brooklyn
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Brooklyn
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Buffalo
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Buffalo
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Rockville Centre
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Rockville Centre
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Syracuse
Newark		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Newark
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Newark
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Metuchen
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Paterson
Oklahoma City		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Oklahoma City
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Tulsa
Omaha		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Omaha
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Grand Island
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Lincoln
Philadelphia		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Philadelphia
		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Philadelphia
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Philadelphia
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Philadelphia
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Greensburg
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Harrisburg
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Diocese of Pittsburgh
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Scranton
Portland		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Portland
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Portland
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Great Falls-Billings
St. Louis		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of St. Louis
		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of St. Louis
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of St. Louis
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Jefferson City
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Kansas City-Saint Joseph
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau
Saint Paul and Minneapolis		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Crookston
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Crookston
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of New Ulm
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Saint Cloud
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Winona
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Winona-Rochester
San Antonio		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Dallas
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Lubbock
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of San Angelo
San Francisco		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of San Francisco
		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of San Francisco
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Oakland
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Sacramento
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Santa Rosa
Santa Fe		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Las Cruces
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Phoenix
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Tucson
Seattle		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Seattle
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Spokane
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Yakima
Washington		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Washington
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Saint Thomas
Military Services		auxiliary bishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Military Services
San Juan		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Arecibo
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Caguas
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Mayagüez
		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Ponce
Agaña		archbishop emeritus	Archdiocese of Agaña
Samoa–Apia		bishop emeritus	Diocese of Samoa–Pago Pago

Eastern Catholic eparchs

Metropolis of Philadelphia for Ukrainians

See: The Ukrainian Catholic Metropolitan Province of Philadelphia consists of four eparchies of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, and covers the entire United States.

class=unsortable	Metropolia!	class=unsortable	Metropolia map!	Archeparchy or eparchy	Archeparch or eparch!	Title	Eparch coat of arms
Philadelphia		Archeparchy of Philadelphia	Borys Gudziak	Archeparch of Philadelphia
		Eparchy of Chicago	Venedykt Aleksiychuk	Eparch of Chicago
		Eparchy of Parma	Bohdan Danylo	Eparch of Parma
		Eparchy of Stamford	Paul Patrick Chomnycky	Eparch of Stamford

Metropolis of Pittsburgh for Ruthenians

The Metropolis of Pittsburgh is a sui iuris metropolitan province of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church. The metropolis consists of four eparchies and covers the entire United States. It's geographic remit also includes the Exarchate of Toronto in Canada.

The metropolis has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over all Ruthenian Catholics in the United States, as well as other Byzantine Rite Catholics without an established hierarchy in the country.

class=unsortable	Metropolia!	class=unsortable	Metropolia map!	Archeparchy or eparchy	Archeparch or eparch!	Title	Eparch coat of arms
Pittsburgh		Archeparchy of Pittsburgh	William C. Skurla	Archeparch of Pittsburgh
		Eparchy of Parma	Robert Mark Pipta	Eparch of Parma
		Eparchy of Passaic	Kurt Burnette	Eparch of Passaic
		Eparchy of Phoenix	Latin: [[Sede vacante]]	Eparch of Phoenix

American eparchies that are immediately subject to the Holy See

The other Eastern Catholic Churches with eparchies (dioceses) or exarchates established in the United States are not grouped into metropoliae. All are immediately subject to the Holy See, with limited oversight by the head of their respective sui iuris churches.

Church	Eparchy	Eparch	Title
Chaldean Catholic Church	Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Detroit	Francis Y. Kalabat	Eparch of Detroit
	Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of San Diego	Emanuel Hana Shaleta	Eparch of San Diego
Maronite Church	Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Brooklyn	Gregory John Mansour	Eparch of Brooklyn
	Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Los Angeles	Abdallah Elias Zaidan	Eparch of Los Angeles	-	Melkite Greek Catholic Church	Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Newton	Francois Beyrouti	Eparch of Newton
Syriac Catholic Church	Syrian Catholic Eparchy of Newark	Yousif Habash	Eparch of Newark
Syro-Malabar Catholic Church	Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Chicago	Joy Alappatt	Eparch of Chicago

American-Canadian eparchies that are immediately subject to the Holy See

Several Eastern Catholic churches have jurisdictions that include members and congregations in both the United States and Canada.

Church	Eparchy	Eparch	Title
Armenian Catholic Church	Armenian Catholic Eparchy of the US and Canada	Mikaël Mouradian	Eparch
		Parsegh Baghdassarian	Auxiliary Eparch
Romanian Catholic Church	Romanian Catholic Eparchy of Canton	John Michael Botean	Eparch of Canton
Syro-Malankara Catholic Church	Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of the US and Canada	Philippos Stephanos Thottathil	Eparch
Coptic Catholic Church		Pola Ayoub Matta Usama Shafik Akhnoukh	Apostolic Visitator^[8]

List of eparchs and archeparch emeritus

Archeparch or Eparch	Title	Archeparchy or eparchy
Ibrahim Ibrahim	eparch emeritus	Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Detroit
	eparch emeritus
Nicholas James Samra	eparch emeritus	Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Newton
	eparch emeritus
John Stephen Pazak	eparch emeritus	Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Phoenix
Jacob Angadiath	eparch emeritus	Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Chicago
Stefan Soroka	archeparch emeritus	Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia
Basil H. Losten	eparch emeritus	Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Stamford

Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter

The Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter is a special diocese comprising Anglican converts to Catholicism. Under canon law, if the personal ordinary is not a bishop, he is treated as the equivalent of a diocesan bishop.^[9]

American bishops serving outside the United States

See also: List of heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See.

Bishops serving in Vatican City

• Joseph Augustine Di Noia, O.P., adjunct secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
• Kevin Joseph Farrell, camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church and prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life^[10]
• James Michael Harvey, archpriest of the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
• Robert Francis Prevost, O.S.A., prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops.^[11]

Bishops emeriti who served in Vatican City

• Edwin Frederick O'Brien, grand master emeritus of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
• James Francis Stafford, major penitentiary emeritus of the Apostolic Penitentiary
• Raymond Leo Burke, patron emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta^[12]

Bishops serving in Vatican Diplomatic Corps

• Charles Daniel Balvo, apostolic nuncio to Australia (Archdiocese of New York)
• Michael Wallace Banach, apostolic nuncio to Hungary (Diocese of Worcester)
• Charles John Brown, apostolic nuncio to the Philippines (Archdiocese of New York)
• Kevin Stuart Randall, apostolic nuncio to Bangladesh (Diocese of Norwich)
• Peter Brian Wells, apostolic nuncio to Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos (Diocese of Tulsa)

Bishops emeriti who served in Vatican Diplomatic Corps

• Edward Joseph Adams, apostolic nuncio emeritus to Great Britain (Archdiocese of Philadelphia)
• Michael A. Blume, S.V.D., apostolic nuncio emeritus to Hungary (Chicago Province of the Society of the Divine Word)
• James Green, apostolic nuncio emeritus to Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway (Archdiocese of Philadelphia)
• Thomas Edward Gullickson, apostolic nuncio emeritus to Switzerland and Liechtenstein (Diocese of Sioux Falls)
• Joseph Marino, president of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy (Diocese of Birmingham)

Bishops serving in foreign sees

• Christopher Cardone, O.P., archbishop of Honiara (Solomon Islands)
• Arthur Colgan, C.S.C., auxiliary bishop of Chosica (Peru)
• Robert Herman Flock, bishop of San Ignacio de Velasco (Bolivia)

Bishop emeritus who served in a foreign see

• Gordon Bennett, S.J., bishop emeritus of Mandeville (Jamaica)

Non-American bishops serving in the United States

• Christophe Pierre, apostolic nuncio to the U.S. (Nunciature of the Holy See in Washington, D.C.)^[13]
• Gabriele Giordano Caccia, permanent observer of the Holy See to the United Nations
• Italo Dell'Oro, auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston

See also

• Appointment of Catholic bishops
• Catholic Church and politics in the United States
• Catholic Church by country
• Catholic Church in the United States
• Christianity in the United States
• Global organisation of the Catholic Church
• Hierarchy of the Catholic Church
• Historical list of the Catholic bishops of Puerto Rico
• Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
• History of Roman Catholicism in the United States
• List of Catholic cathedrals in the United States
• List of Catholic dioceses in the United States
• List of heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See
• List of Roman Catholic apostolic administrations
• List of Roman Catholic archdioceses (by country and continent)
• List of Roman Catholic dioceses (alphabetical)
• List of Roman Catholic dioceses (structured view) (including episcopal conferences and USCCB regions)
• List of Roman Catholic military dioceses
• List of Roman Catholic titular sees

Resources

• Web site: List of Bishops. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops .
• Web site: GCatholic Bishops.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Hays . Charlotte . January 3, 2012 . Carrying Anglican Patrimony Into the Catholic Church: Former Episcopal bishop of southwestern diocese, a married father and grandfather, will lead Church's personal ordinariate for Anglicans and Episcopalians who become Catholic . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190619225156/http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/carrying-anglican-patrimony-into-the-catholic-church . June 19, 2019 . January 12, 2012 . National Catholic Register .
2. Web site: Frequently Asked Questions about Archbishops USCCB . 2023-06-07 . www.usccb.org . en.
3. Web site: Archbishop Celestine Joseph Damiano [Catholic-Hierarchy] ]. 2023-06-07 . www.catholic-hierarchy.org.
4. Web site: Conferencia Episcopal Puertorriqueña (C.E.P.) . February 13, 2011 . GCatholic.org.
5. Web site: Cheney . David M. . Catholic Church in Puerto Rico . July 27, 2009.
6. Web site: Catholic Church in United States of America [Catholic-Hierarchy] ]. 2024-02-05 . www.catholic-hierarchy.org.
7. News: Resignations and Appointments, 11.11.2023 . November 11, 2023.
8. News: Pope Francis Nominates Most Reverend Pola Ayoub Matta Usama Shafik Akhnoukh as Apostolic Visitator for the Coptic Catholic Faithful in the United States . December 16, 2023.
9. See: Hierarchy of the Catholic Church#Equivalents of diocesan bishop in law.
10. Web site: Farrell . Kevin Joseph . Kevin Joseph Cardinal Farrell. catholic-hierarchy.org . 12 September 2019.
11. April 20, 2023 . January 30, 2023 . Holy See Press Office . Resignations and Appointments, 30.01.2023 .
12. Web site: Rinunce e nomine . 2023-07-24 . press.vatican.va.
13. News: Victor L . Simpson . Pope names US envoy . October 19, 2011 . Associated Press . philly.com . October 25, 2011 . The Washington post is a key one in the Vatican diplomatic corps both for the importance of the U.S. in world affairs and for its large Catholic population, which is counted on for its financial help to the Holy See and its contributions to papal charities..