List of tallest buildings in Africa explained

This article ranks the tallest buildings on the African continent by height. Initially, only a small number of major financial and commercial centres boasted large skylines, such as Cairo, Johannesburg, New Alamein, Lagos and Nairobi. However, since the 2000s, skyscrapers have been constructed in many other African cities, including Algiers, El Alamein, Durban, Cape Town, Maputo, Salé, Casablanca, Abuja, Addis Ababa, Dar es Salaam, Alexandria, Harare, Abidjan, Luanda and Port Louis.The tallest skyscraper is the Iconic Tower in New Administrative Capital, Egypt, which is 393.8 meters (1,292 ft) tall.

Tallest buildings

This list ranks African buildings that stand at least 120abbr=onNaNabbr=on tall, based on standard height measurements by CTBUH. This includes spires and architectural details, but does not include antenna masts and minarets.

Building	Height	Floors	Year	Country	City
	393.8m (1,292feet)	77	2024	Egypt	New Administrative Capital
	264.3m (867.1feet)	36	2019	Algeria	Algiers
Mohammed VI Tower^[1]	250m (820feet)	55	2023	Morocco	Salé
The Leonardo	234m (768feet)	56	2019	South Africa	Johannesburg
Carlton Centre	223m (732feet)	50	1973	South Africa	Johannesburg
Commercial Bank of Ethiopia Headquarters^[2] ^[3]	209.3m (686.7feet)	46	2021^[4]	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa
Alamein Downtown Towers D01 Tower 1^[5]	207.8m (681.8feet)	56	2025	Egypt	New Alamein
Alamein Downtown Towers D01 Tower 2^[6]	207.8m (681.8feet)	56	2025	Egypt
Alamein Downtown Towers D01 Tower 3^[7]	207.8m (681.8feet)	56	2025	Egypt	New Alamein
Alamein Downtown Towers D01 Tower 4^[8]	207.8m (681.8feet)	56	2025	Egypt	New Alamein
Britam Tower^[9]	200.1m (656.5feet)	31	2017	Kenya	Nairobi
	196m (643feet)	52	2023	Egypt	New Administrative Capital
	190m (620feet)	35	2022		New Administrative Capital
Nairobi Global Trade Centre Office Tower^[10]	184m (604feet)	43	2021	Kenya	Nairobi
	176m (577feet)	43	2023		New Administrative Capital]
	176m (577feet)	43	2023		New Administrative Capital
Ponte City Apartments	172.8m (566.9feet)	54	1975	South Africa	Johannesburg
C04 Office Tower^[11]	170m (560feet)	34	2022		New Administrative Capital
UAP Tower^[12]	163m (535feet)	33	2016	Kenya	Nairobi
NECOM House^[13]	160.3m (525.9feet)	32	1979		Lagos
PPF Headquarters^[14]	160m (530feet)	37	2019	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam
C11 Tower^[15]	160m (530feet)	27	2022		New Administrative Capital
C12 Tower^[16]	160m (530feet)	27	2022		New Administrative Capital
Basilica of Our Lady of Peace Yamoussoukro	158m (518feet)	?	1990		Yamoussoukro
Tanzania Ports Authority Headquarters	157m (515feet)	40	2016		Dar es Salaam
C07 Tower^[17]	155m (509feet)	31	2023		New Administrative Capital
C08 Tower^[18]	155m (509feet)	31	2023		New Administrative Capital
PSPF Commercial Tower A^[19]	152.7m (501feet)	35	2014	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam
PSPF Commercial Tower B^[20]	152.7m (501feet)	35	2014	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam
Marble Towers	152.1m (499feet)	32	1973	South Africa	Johannesburg
Pearl Dawn^[21]	152m (499feet)	31	2010	South Africa	Durban
South African Reserve Bank Building^[22]	148m (486feet)	38	1988	South Africa	Pretoria
88 on Field^[23]	146.5m (480.6feet)	26	1985	South Africa	Durban
MNF Square I^[24]	145m (476feet)	31	2019	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam
	145m (476feet)	31	2019	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam
IMOB Business Tower^[25]	145m (476feet)	35	2018		Luanda
Burj Bulaya Office Tower 1	144m (472feet)	34	2007		Tripoli
Nairobi Global Trade Centre Hotel Tower^[26]	143m (469feet)	35	2021	Kenya	Nairobi
Mzizima Commercial Tower^[27]	143m (469feet)	35	2020	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam
Ministry of Foreign Affairs^[28]	143m (469feet)	39	1994		Cairo
El Gezira Tower Movenpick Hotel^[29]	142m (466feet)	43	1996	Egypt	Cairo
Grand Nile Tower Hotel^[30]	142m (466feet)	41	2002	Egypt	Cairo
Nile City North Tower^[31]	142m (466feet)	34	2002	Egypt	Cairo
Nile City South Tower^[32]	142m (466feet)	34	2002	Egypt	Cairo
ABC Building	141.1m (463 ft)	33	1976	Zimbabwe	Zvishavane
	135m (443feet)	40	2023	Egypt	New Administrative Capital
El Maadi Residential Tower 13^[33]	140m (460feet)	42	1987	Egypt	Cairo
El Maadi Residential Tower 14	140m (460feet)	42	1987	Egypt	Cairo
El Maadi Residential Tower 15	140m (460feet)	42	1987	Egypt	Cairo
El Maadi Residential Tower 16	140m (460feet)	42	1987	Egypt	Cairo
	140m (460feet)	42	1987	Egypt	Cairo
	140m (460feet)	42	1987	Egypt	Cairo
KwaDukuza eGoli Hotel Tower 1^[34]	140m (460feet)	40	1970	South Africa	Johannesburg
Times Tower^[35]	140m (460feet)	33	2000	Kenya	Nairobi
Michelangelo Towers^[36]	140m (460feet)	34	2005	South Africa	Johannesburg
Trust Bank Building^[37]	140m (460feet)	34	1970	South Africa	Johannesburg
ABSA Building	140m (460feet)	31	1970	South Africa	Johannesburg
Maroc Telecom HQ	139 m (456 ft)	20	2012	Morocco	Rabat
Standard Bank Building^[38]	139m (456feet)	34	1968	South Africa	Johannesburg
Southern Life Centre^[39]	138m (453feet)	30	1973	South Africa	Johannesburg
NIB Bank Headquarters^[40]	137 m (449 ft)	35	2022	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa
Old Mutual Centre	137m (449feet)	33	1995	South Africa	Durban
Portside Tower	136.4m (447.5feet)	30	2014	South Africa	Cape Town
Casablanca Finance City Tower	136m (446feet)	27	2019	Morocco	Casablanca
The St. Regis Cairo	136m (446feet)	36	2021	Egypt	Cairo
National Bank of Egypt Tower 1	135m (443feet)	33	1986	Egypt	Cairo
National Bank of Egypt Tower 2	135m (443feet)	33	1986	Egypt	Cairo
	135m (443feet)	31	2006	Egypt	Alexandria^[41]
Champagne Pearl Tower^[42]	135m (443feet)	30	2017	Nigeria	Lagos
Mzizima Commercial Tower^[43]	134m (440feet)	33	2020	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam
Prism Tower^[44]	133m (436feet)	34	2018	Kenya	Nairobi
GTC Residential 1	133 m (436 ft)	33	2021	Kenya	Nairobi
Monte Blanc^[45]	132.6m (435feet)	40	1985	South Africa	Durban
ABSA Tower^[46]	132m (433feet)	38	1976	South Africa	Pretoria
United Bank Headquarters^[47]	131 m(429) ft	35	2022	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa
	130m (430feet)	36	2011	Libya	Tripoli
Banco de Mocambique Tower 1	130m (430feet)	31	2015		Maputo
Bank Misr Building^[48]	130m (430feet)	29	1985	Egypt	Cairo
NTC Tower^[49]	130m (430feet)	29	2009	Sudan	Khartoum
209 Smit Street^[50]	128m (420feet)	30	1976	South Africa	Johannesburg
Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at Nile Plaza^[51]	127m (417feet)	31	1999	Egypt	Cairo
1 Thibault Square^[52]	126.5m (415feet)	32	1972	South Africa	Cape Town
L'e mac^[53]	126m (413feet)	26	2016	Kenya	Nairobi
Mzizima Residential Tower^[54]	126m (413feet)	33	2018	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam
	125m (410feet)	77	2023	Egypt	New Administrative Capital
Orange Telecommunication Tower^[55] ^[56]	125m (410feet)	33	2013	Madagascar	Antananarivo
	125m (410feet)	26	2018	Kenya	Nairobi
Pearl Sky^[57] ^[58]	124.4m (408.1feet)	37	2018	South Africa	Durban
	124m (407feet)	26	2006		Port Louis
Union Bank Building^[59]	124m (407feet)	28	1991	Nigeria	Lagos
Kine Centre^[60]	123m (404feet)	27	1974	South Africa	Johannesburg
Rita Tower^[61]	122m (400feet)	30	2013	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam
El Maadi Residential Tower 5^[62]	122m (400feet)	35	1987	Egypt	Cairo
	122m (400feet)	35	1987	Egypt	Cairo
	122m (400feet)	35	1987	Egypt	Cairo
	122m (400feet)	35	1987	Egypt	Cairo
	122m (400feet)	35	1987	Egypt	Cairo
	122m (400feet)	35	1987	Egypt	Cairo
	122m (400feet)	35	1987	Egypt	Cairo
	122m (400feet)	35	1987	Egypt	Cairo
Torre I de Santa Cruz de Tenerife	120 m (390 ft)	35	2004	Canary Islands	Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Torre II de Santa Cruz de Tenerife	120 m (390 ft)	35	2006	Canary Islands	Santa Cruz de Tenerife
BCP Tower	120 m (390 ft)	29	2022	Morocco	Casablanca
World Trade Centre Abuja, Tower 2^[63]	120m (390feet)	25	2017	Nigeria	Abuja
New Reserve Bank Tower^[64]	120m (390feet)	28	1997		Harare
Corinthia Bab Africa Hotel^[65]	120m (390feet)	28	2003	Libya	Tripoli
Nessco Building^[66]	120m (390feet)	26	2007	Libya	Tripoli
Al Fatah Tower^[67]	120m (390feet)	25	2006	Libya	Tripoli
Embassy Building^[68]	120m (390feet)	28	1991	South Africa	Durban
Teleposta Towers^[69]	120m (390feet)	27	2000	Kenya	Nairobi
La Cité Administrative Tour D^[70]	120m (390feet)	30	1984	Ivory Coast	Abidjan

Timeline of tallest skyscrapers in Africa

Name	City	Years as tallest	Metres	Feet	Floors	Photo
Iconic Tower	New Administrative Capital	2023–	394	1,292	77
Great Mosque of Algiers Tower	Algiers	2019–2023	264	870	36
The Leonardo	Johannesburg	2019	234	770	55
Carlton Centre	Johannesburg	1973–2019	223	730	50
Marble Towers	Johannesburg	1973	152	499	49
	Johannesburg	1970 - 1973	140	459	31
	Johannesburg	1968 - 1970	138.8	455	34
	Johannesburg	1965 - 1968	110	361	21
		1965 - 1965	105	345	26
		1954 - 1965	102	335	32
		1940 - 1954	91	298	18
	Johannesburg	1936 - 1940	80	262	18
		1913 - 1936	60	196	10

Tallest under construction, approved or proposed

Under construction

This list ranks buildings currently under construction in Africa that will stand at least 100m (300feet) tall.

Name	Height	Floors	Year	Country	City	Notes
Tour F	385.8m (1,265.7feet)	64	2026		Abidjan
Ethiopian Electric Power Headquarters	327.5m (1,074.5feet)	62	2027		Addis Ababa
	300 m (820 ft)	68	2025	Egypt	El Alamein
Bank of Abyssinia Headquarters	270m (890feet)	60	2025		Addis Ababa
Capital Diamond Tower	200 m (784 ft)	45	2026	Egypt	New Administrative Capital
Infinity Tower	200m (700feet)	45	2025	Egypt	New Administrative Capital
88 Nairobi Condominium Tower	150m (490feet)	47	2024	Kenya	Nairobi	^[71]
Oromia Insurance Company Headquarters	149.8m (491.5feet)	40	2025	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa	^[72]

On-hold, approved or proposed

This section lists skyscrapers that are on-hold, approved or proposed in Africa, and are planned to rise over 100abbr=onNaNabbr=on tall.

Name	Height	Floors	Country
				City	Status	Notes	-		1000m (3,000feet)	179			Vision	^[73] -->	-	Oblisco Capitale	1000m (3,000feet)	250	Egypt	New Administrative Capital	Approved	^[74]
	470m (1,540feet)	?	Egypt		Proposed	^[75]
Tower of Sand	450m (1,480feet)	?	Morocco		Proposed	^[76]
Palm Exotica	370m (1,210feet)	61	Kenya	Watamu	On Hold	^[77]
The Pinnacle Tower	320m (1,050feet)	67	Kenya	Nairobi	On Hold	^[78] ^[79]
Zanzibar Domino Commercial Tower	300m (1,000feet)	78	Tanzania	Zanzibar City	Proposed	^[80]
Nile Tower	300m (1,000feet)	70	Egypt	Cairo	Proposed
	290m (950feet)	66			Proposed	^[81]	-		280m (920feet)	62–70	Kenya	Nairobi	Proposed	-->
	250m (820feet)	70			On Hold	^[82]
	270m (890feet)	75			Proposed	^[83]
	270m (890feet)	70	Kenya	Nairobi	Proposed	^[84]
	222m (728feet)	60			Proposed
	219m (719feet)	44		Addis Ababa	Proposed	^[85]
The Pinnacle Tower II	214m (702feet)	45	Kenya	Nairobi	On Hold
	210m (690feet)	55			Proposed
	180m (590feet)	39	Kenya	Nairobi	On Hold	^[86]
	170m (560feet)	42			Proposed	^[87]
	170m (560feet)	36			Proposed
JW Marriott Hotel	167m (548feet)	42		Casablanca	On hold	^[88]
	165m (541feet)	35	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam	Proposed
La Tour Casa Nearshore	160m (530feet)	44	Morocco	Casablanca	On Hold	^[89]
	158m (518feet)	37			Proposed	^[90]
	150m (490feet)	37	Angola	Luanda	Proposed
	140m (460feet)	33			Proposed	^[91]
	140m (460feet)	33	Senegal	Dakar	Proposed
Kingdom Kampala Centre	123m (404feet)	34	Uganda		Proposed	^[92] ^[93]

See also

• List of tallest buildings in Algeria
• List of tallest buildings in Egypt
• List of tallest buildings in Kenya
• List of tallest buildings in Morocco
• List of tallest buildings in Nigeria
• List of tallest buildings in Tanzania
• List of tallest buildings in Zimbabwe
• List of tallest buildings in South Africa
• List of tallest buildings in Abidjan
• List of tallest buildings in Cairo
• List of tallest buildings in Cape Town
• List of tallest buildings in Kampala
• List of tallest buildings in Luanda

References

• Tycoon Tower New Capital is the tallest hotel in Africa

Notes and References

1. Web site: 2022-04-04 . Robot plans floors three times faster on Mohammed VI Tower . 2022-08-01 . Global Construction Review . en-GB.
2. News: CBE Lays Cornerstone of Impressive New Headquarters . . Lucy . Kassa . 29 June 2015 . 2 October 2020.
3. Web site: Commercial Bank of Ethiopia Headquarters . https://web.archive.org/web/20201012043750/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1264425 . dead . 12 October 2020 . Emporis.
4. Web site: Commercial Bank of Ethiopia Headquarters. https://web.archive.org/web/20200928200637/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1264425/commercial-bank-of-ethiopia-headquarters-addis-ababa-ethiopia. 28 September 2020. dead. Emporis.
5. Web site: Finishing of the New Alamein skyscrapers .
6. Web site: Finishing of the New Alamein skyscrapers .
7. Web site: Finishing of the New Alamein skyscrapers .
8. Web site: Finishing of the New Alamein skyscrapers .
9. Web site: Britam Tower, Nairobi . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
10. Web site: https://www.emporis.fr/buildings/1264447/nairobi-global-trade-centre-office-tower-nairobi-kenya . 2020-09-02 .
11. Web site: C04 Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20211120130249/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1597745 . dead . 20 November 2021 . Emporis.
12. http://www.uaptower.com
13. Web site: NITEL Building, Lagos Island . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
14. Web site: PSPF Commercial Towers – Tower A, Dar es Salaam . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
15. Web site: C11 Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20211120130246/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1597742 . dead . 20 November 2021 . Emporis.
16. Web site: C12 Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20211120130249/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1597741 . dead . 20 November 2021 . Emporis.
17. Web site: C08 Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20211120130246/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1597743 . dead . 20 November 2021 . Emporis.
18. Web site: C07 Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20211120130249/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1597744 . dead . 20 November 2021 . Emporis.
19. Web site: PSPF Commercial Towers – Tower A, Dar es Salaam . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
20. Web site: PSPF Commercial Towers – Tower B, Dar es Salaam . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
21. Web site: Pearl Dawn, Durban | 221181 . https://archive.today/20130409023920/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=221181 . dead . 9 April 2013 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
22. Web site: South African Reserve Bank Building, Pretoria | 103551 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070322195253/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=southafricanreservebankbuilding-pretoria-southafrica . dead . 22 March 2007 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
23. Web site: 88 on Field, Durban | 103500 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070501154449/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=88onfield-durban-southafrica . dead . 1 May 2007 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
24. Web site: MNF Square . https://web.archive.org/web/20190713193011/https://www.emporis.com/complex/128722 . dead . 13 July 2019 . Emporis.
25. Web site: IMOB Business Tower, Luanda . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
26. Web site: Nairobi Global Trade Centre Hotel Tower . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20211120124633/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1264450 . 20 November 2021 . Emporis.
27. Web site: Mzizima Commercial Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20210808195436/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1204380 . dead . 8 August 2021 . Emporis.
28. Web site: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cairo | 103240 . https://archive.today/20120729203305/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=ministryofforeignaffairs-cairo-egypt . dead . 29 July 2012 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
29. Web site: El Gezira Tower Movenpick Hotel, Cairo | 157021 . https://archive.today/20120729114359/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=elgeziratowermovenpickhotel-cairo-egypt . dead . 29 July 2012 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
30. Web site: Grand Hyatt Cairo, Cairo | 103239 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070330082105/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=grandhyattcairo-cairo-egypt . dead . 30 March 2007 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
31. Web site: Nile City South Tower, Cairo | 131082 . https://archive.today/20120730202840/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=nilecitysouthtower-cairo-egypt . dead . 30 July 2012 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
32. Web site: Nile City North Tower, Cairo | 131083 . https://archive.today/20120731111355/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=nilecitynorthtower-cairo-egypt . dead . 31 July 2012 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
33. Web site: El Maadi Residential Project . https://web.archive.org/web/20210808195035/https://www.emporis.com/complex/100118 . dead . 8 August 2021 . Emporis.
34. Web site: Kwa Dukuza Egoli Hotel Tower 1, Johannesburg | 103523 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070210190740/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=kwadukuzaegolihoteltower1-johannesburg-southafrica . dead . 10 February 2007 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
35. Web site: Times Tower, Nairobi | 103391 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110629104712/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=newcentralbanktower-nairobi-kenya . dead . 29 June 2011 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
36. Web site: Michelangelo Towers, Sandton | 164749 . https://archive.today/20120728235258/http://www.emporis.com/application/?lng=3&nav=building&id=164749 . dead . 28 July 2012 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
37. Web site: Trust Bank Building, Johannesburg | 103536 . https://archive.today/20121206041416/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=trustbankbuilding-johannesburg-southafrica . dead . 6 December 2012 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
38. Web site: Standard Bank Centre, Johannesburg . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
39. Web site: Southern Life Centre, Johannesburg . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
40. Web site: Ethiopia's tallest buildings. https://web.archive.org/web/20200925231234/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1264426/nib-bank-headquarters-addis-ababa-ethiopia. dead. 25 September 2020.
41. Web site: San Stefano Grand Plaza I, Alexandria . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
42. Web site: Champagne Pearl Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20200716010101/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1465076 . dead . 2020-07-16 . . 2020-07-16.
43. Web site: Mzizima Commercial Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20210808195123/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1204381 . dead . 8 August 2021 . . 2020-07-16.
44. Web site: Prism Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20191023135735/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1259551 . dead . 23 October 2019 . . 2020-07-16.
45. Web site: Monte Blanc, Durban . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
46. Web site: ABSA Tower, Pretoria . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
47. Web site: Ethiopia's tallest buildings. https://web.archive.org/web/20200925044512/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/286521/united-bank-headquarters-addis-ababa-ethiopia. dead. 25 September 2020.
48. Web site: Bank Misr Building . https://web.archive.org/web/20210418010101/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/120249 . dead . 2021-04-18 . . 2021-04-18.
49. Web site: NTC Tower, Khartoum . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
50. Web site: 209 Smit Street, Johannesburg | 103538 . https://archive.today/20120909083544/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=103538 . dead . 9 September 2012 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
51. Web site: Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at Nile Plaza, Cairo | 103329 . https://archive.today/20130410185134/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=103329 . dead . 10 April 2013 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
52. Web site: 1 Thibault Square, Cape Town | 103468 . https://archive.today/20130208045244/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=103468 . dead . 8 February 2013 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
53. Web site: Lemac. www.lemac.co.ke. 2017-07-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20170718013354/http://lemac.co.ke/. 2017-07-18. dead.
54. Web site: Mzizima Residential Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20210808195123/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1204381 . dead . 8 August 2021 . . 2021-04-18.
55. Web site: Orange Telecommunication Tower. The Skyscraper Center. 2018-02-24.
56. Web site: Orange Telecommunication Tower, Antananarivo. SkyscraperPage. 2018-02-24.
57. Web site: The Pearls – The Pearl of Umhlanga. thepearls.co.za. 2015-11-18.
58. Web site: Pearl Sky . https://web.archive.org/web/20210808194951/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/221180 . dead . 8 August 2021 . . 2021-04-18.
59. Web site: Union Bank Headquarters, Lagos Island . SkyscraperPage.com . 2015-10-19.
60. Web site: Kine Centre, Johannesburg | 103539 . https://archive.today/20120730181641/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=103539 . dead . 30 July 2012 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
61. Web site: Rita Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20220412011323/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1204328 . dead . 12 April 2022 . . 2021-04-18.
62. https://web.archive.org/web/20151118111949/http://www.emporis.com/complex/100118/el-maadi-residential-project-cairo-egypt Emporis: El Maadi Residential Project
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64. Web site: New Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, Harare | 103566 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110629110519/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=103566 . dead . 29 June 2011 . Emporis . 2015-10-19.
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