This list of systems of plant taxonomy presents "taxonomic systems" used in plant classification.
A taxonomic system is a coherent whole of taxonomic judgments on circumscription and placement of the considered taxa. It is only a "system" if it is applied to a large group of such taxa (for example, all the flowering plants).
There are two main criteria for this list. A system must be taxonomic, that is deal with many plants, by their botanical names. Secondly it must be a system, i.e. deal with the relationships of plants. Although thinking about relationships of plants had started much earlier (see history of plant systematics), such systems really only came into being in the 19th century, as a result of an ever-increasing influx from all over the world of newly discovered plant species. The 18th century saw some early systems, which are perhaps precursors rather than full taxonomic systems.
A milestone event was the publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus which serves as the starting point of binomial nomenclature for plants. By its size this would qualify to be on this list, but it does not deal with relationships, beyond assigning plants into genera.
Note that a system is not necessarily monolithic and often goes through several stages of development, resulting in several versions of the same system. When a system is widely adopted, many authors will adopt their own particular version of the system. The Cronquist system is well known for existing in many versions.
Theophrastus classification
Historia Plantarum (Enquiry into Plants), c. 300 BC
Causes of Plants, c. 300 BC
Dioscorides classification
De Materia Medica, c. 60 AD
Albertus Magnus classification
De Vegetabilibus, c. 1256 https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811098
Caesalpino classification
De plantis libri XVI, 1583
John Gerard classification
Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes, 1597
Gaspard Bauhin classification
Pinax theatri botanici, 1623
John Ray classification
Historia Plantarum, 1686–1704
Tournefort classification
Éléments de botanique, 1694
Systema Naturae, 1st edition, 1735.
Systema Naturae, 10th edition, 1758 (vol. 1), 1759 (vol. 2). Starting point of zoological nomenclature.
Species Plantarum, 1753. Starting point of botanical nomenclature.
Genera Plantarum, 1737 (1st ed.), 1753 (5th ed.).
Philosophia Botanica, 1751.
Familles naturelles des plantes, 1763.
Book: A.L. de Jussieu. Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. 1789. Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam. apud viduam Herissant, typographum, viâ novâ B. M. sub signo Crucis aureæ.
(available online at Gallica)
A. P. de Candolle (1819). Théorie Élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux (2nd ed.).[1]
Book: A. P. de Candolle. A. P. de Candolle. 1824–1873. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta. etal.
(available online at Gallica)
Berchtold and Presl. O Prirozenosti Rostlin 1820
Book: Dumortier. Barthélemy-Charles. Barthélemy-Charles Du Mortier. Analyse des familles des plantes :avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent. 1829. Casterman. Tournay. fr. 16 January 2016.
Book: Lindley. John Lindley. 1830. An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany.
(available online at BHL)
Book: Lindley. John Lindley. 1845. The Vegetable Kingdom.
(available online at BHL)
Book: G. Bentham. George Bentham. J.D. Hooker. Joseph Dalton Hooker. amp. 1862–1883. Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita. 3 volumes.
(available online at Gallica)
Book: H. Baillon. Henri Ernest Baillon. 1867–1894. Histoire des plantes. 13 volumes.
See also: Phylogenetic Systems.
Book: Eichler. August W. Eichler. 1883. 3rd. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde.
Book: Van Tieghem. Philippe Édouard Léon. Philippe Van Tieghem. Traité de botanique. (1884; 2nd ed., 1891). Savy. Paris. 27 December 2015. fr. 1891.
Book: A. Engler . K. Prantl. Adolf Engler. amp. (1887–1915; 2nd edition, 1924–) . Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. W. Engelmann.
Book: A. Engler. Adolf Engler. 1892. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik [or, in further editions,'' Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien''].
Book: K.W. von Dalla Torre. Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre. H. Harms. Hermann Harms. amp. 1900–1907. Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta. Lipsiae, G. Engelmann.
Charles E. Bessey (1907). "A Synopsis of Plant Phyla". Univ. Nebraska Studies 7: 275–358.
Charles E. Bessey. Charles E. Bessey. 1915. The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2. 109–164. 10.2307/2990030. 2990030. 1/2.
R. Wettstein. (in two volumes, 1901-1908; 2nd edition, 1911; 3rd edition, 1923-24; 4th edition, 1933–35) . Handbuch der systematischen Botanik. Nature . 87 . 2184 . 308 . 1911Natur..87..308W . 1911 . 10.1038/087308a0 . 2027/chi.095529285 . 3965720 . Richard Wettstein . free .
Alfred Barton Rendle. The Classification of Flowering Plants 1904, 1925
Johannes Paulus Lotsy. Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik. 1907–1911
Hallier. H. Hans Hallier. L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes exposés à l'aide de leur arbre généalogique. Archives Néerlandaises des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Série III. B. 1. 146–234. 1912.
Book: Warming. Eugenius. Eugenius Warming. Frøplanterne (Spermatofyter). 1912. Gyldendalske Boghandel Nordisk Forlag. Kjøbenhavn. da. 28 December 2015.
Book: J. Hutchinson . (two volumes, 1926–1934; 2nd edition 1959; 3rd edition, 1973) . The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. John Hutchinson (botanist) .
Calestani. Vittorio. Vittorio Calestani. Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme. Archo. Bot. Sist. Fito-Geogr. Genet.. 1933. 9. 274–311.
Kimura. Yojiro. Yojiro Kimura. Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones. Notulae Systematicae, Herbier du Muséum de Paris. 1956. 15. 137–159.
Lyman David Benson. Plant Classification 1957
Book: Chaudefaud. Marius. Emberger. Louis Emberger. Louis. Traité de Botanique systématique 2 vols.. 1960. Masson. Paris.
Book: H. Melchior . 1964 . Adolf Engler . Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien . Berlin-Nikolassee, Gebr. Borntraeger . registration. 12th edition, II. Band. Hans Melchior . (also known as modified Engler system, in Angiospermae)
Book: A. Takhtajan. Armen Takhtajan . (in Russian, 1966) . A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants .
Book: A. Takhtajan . (1969, transl. from Russian by C. Jeffrey) . Flowering plants: origin and dispersal . 1969 . Oliver & Boyd . 978-0-05-001715-9. Armen Takhtajan .
A. Takhtajan . Armen Takhtajan . 1980 . Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophya). Botanical Review. 46. 3. 225–359. 10.1007/BF02861558. 1980BotRv..46..225T . 30764910 .
Book: A. Takhtajan. Armen Takhtajan. 1997. Diversity and classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press . 978-0-231-10098-4.
Book: A. Cronquist . (1968; 2nd edition 1988) . The evolution and classification of flowering plants. 978-0-89327-332-3. 1988 . New York Botanical Garden . Arthur Cronquist .
Book: A. Cronquist. Arthur Cronquist. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press . registration. 978-0-231-03880-5.
R.F. Thorne. Robert Folger Thorne. 1968. Synopsis of a putative phylogenetic classification of flowering plants. Aliso. 6. 57–66 . 4. 10.5642/aliso.19680604.06. free.
R.F. Thorne. Robert Folger Thorne. 1983. Proposed new alignments in the angiosperms. Nord. J. Bot.. 3. 85–117. 10.1111/j.1756-1051.1983.tb01447.x.
R.F. Thorne. Robert Folger Thorne. 1992. Classification and geography of flowering plants. Botanical Review. 58. 3. 225–348. 10.1007/BF02858611. 1992BotRv..58..225T . 40348158.
R.F. Thorne. Robert Folger Thorne. 1992. An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants. Aliso. 13. 2. 365–389. 10.5642/aliso.19921302.08. 85738663 . free.
R.F. Thorne. Robert Folger Thorne. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae. Botanical Review. 66. 4. 441–647. 10.1007/BF02869011. 2000BotRv..66..441T . 43430454.
Stebbins, G.L. (1974). Flowering plants: evolution above the species level. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, https://archive.org/details/floweringplantse0000steb. [System followed by [[Vernon Heywood|Heywood, V.H.]] (ed., 1978). Flowering plants of the world. Oxford: Oxford University Press, https://books.google.com/books?id=foPwAAAAMAAJ.]
R.M.T. Dahlgren. Rolf Dahlgren. 1975. A system of classification of angiosperms to be used to demonstrate the distribution of characters. Bot. Notiser. 128. 119–147.
R.M.T. Dahlgren. 1980. A revised system of classification of angiosperms. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. . 80. 2. 91–124. 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1980.tb01661.x.
R.M.T. Dahlgren. 1983. General Aspects of Angiosperm Evolution and Macrosystematics. Nordic Journal of Botany . 3. 119–149. 10.1111/j.1756-1051.1983.tb01448.x.
Book: R.M.T. Dahlgren. etal. 1985. The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy. Springer . 978-0-387-13655-4.
G. Dahlgren. Gertrud Dahlgren. 1989. An updated Angiosperm Classification. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 100. 3. 197–203. 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb01717.x.
Aaron Goldberg. Aaron Goldberg (botanist). 1986. Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 58. 58. 1–314. 10.5479/si.0081024x.58. (available online: Full text (PDF) here) [there is also a comparison among 11 Dicotyledons systems since 1960 until 1985]
Aaron Goldberg. Aaron Goldberg (botanist). 1989. Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Monocotyledons. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 71. 71. 1–73. 10.5479/si.0081024x.71. (available online: Full text (PDF) here)
Book: K. Kubitzki . Klaus Kubitzki . etal . (1990 ongoing) . The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants.
(Available online: Full text PDF )
Reveal System of Classification 1997
(Modified APG)
Book: Judd, Walter S.. Plant systematics: a phylogenetic approach. 3rd. 2008. Sinauer Associates. 978-0-87893-407-2. 29 January 2014.
Book: Judd, Walter S.. Plant systematics: a phylogenetic approach. 4th. 2016. Sinauer Associates. 978-1-60535-389-0. 24 December 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161225080234/http://www.sinauer.com/plant-systematics-a-phylogenetic-approach-817.html. 25 December 2016.
APG I (1998)
APG. 1998 . An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. . 85 . 531–553 . 10.2307/2992015 . 2992015. 4.
Book: Walter S. Judd . W.S. Judd & al. . (1999; 2nd edition, 2002) . Plant systematics: a phylogenetic approach . 978-0-87893-403-4 . 2002 . W.H. Freeman . registration .
APG II (2003)
APG. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141. 4. 399–436. 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x. free.
(Available online: Abstract | Full text (HTML) | Full text (PDF))
APG III (2009)
APG. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III.. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161. 2. 399–436. 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. free. 10654/18083. free.
(Available online: https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract)
Chase & Reveal System (2009)
(Available online at doi link.)
APG IV (2016)
APG IV . An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV . 2016 . . 181 . 1 . 1–20 . 10.1111/boj.12385 . free .