List of suffragists and suffragettes explained

This list of suffragists and suffragettes includes noted individuals active in the worldwide women's suffrage movement who have campaigned or strongly advocated for women's suffrage, the organisations which they formed or joined, and the publications which publicized – and, in some nations, continue to publicize – their goals. Suffragists and suffragettes, often members of different groups and societies, used or use differing tactics. Australians called themselves "suffragists" during the nineteenth century while the term "suffragette" was adopted in the earlier twentieth century by some British groups after it was coined as a dismissive term in a newspaper article.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]} "Suffragette" in the British or Australian usage can sometimes denote a more "militant" type of campaigner,^[6] while suffragists in the United States organized such nonviolent events as the Suffrage Hikes, the Woman Suffrage Procession of 1913, the Silent Sentinels, and the Selma to Montgomery march. US and Australian activists most often preferred to be called suffragists, though both terms were occasionally used.^[7]

Africa

Egypt

• Regina Khayatt (1881–?) – educator, philanthropist, feminist, suffragist, and temperance worker; co-founder of the EFU
• Doria Shafik (1908–1975) – feminist, poet and editor
• Huda Sha'arawi (1879–1947) – feminist, activist, nationalist, revolutionary, founder of the Egyptian Feminist Union (EFU)

Nigeria

• Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti (1900–1978) – educator and activist who fought for women's enfranchisement and political representation
• Gambo Sawaba (1933-2001) - widely regarded as the pioneer of fighting for the liberation of northern women.^[8]
• Tanimowo Ogunlesi - co-founder of the National Council of Women's Societies.^[9]
• Wuraola Esan (1909-1985) - educator and advocate for women in traditional and legislative spaces^[10]

South Africa

• Anna Petronella van Heerden (1887–1975) – campaigned for women's suffrage in the 1920s
• Julia Solly (1862–1953) – British-born South African feminist and suffragist who helped acquire the vote for white women in 1930
• Lady Barbara Steel (1857–1943) – helped acquire the vote for white women in 1930

Asia

China

• Lin Zongsu (1878–1944) – founder of the first suffrage organization in China

India

• Annie Besant (1847–1933) – British socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer, orator, educationist, philanthropist
• Margaret "Gretta" Cousins (1878–1954) – Irish-Indian suffragist, established All India Women's Conference, co-founded Irish Women's Franchise League
• Sarojini Naidu (1879–1949) – political activist, poet
• Catherine Hilda Duleep Singh (1871–1942) – activist, second daughter of H.H. Maharaja Sir Duleep Singh and Maharani Bamba née Müller
• Sophia Duleep Singh (1876–1948) – had a leading role Women's Tax Resistance League, the Women's Social and Political Union
• Herabai Tata (1879–1941) – argued before British government commissions that suffrage should be extended in India

Indonesia

• Thung Sin Nio (1902–1996) – women's rights activist, physician, economist, politician

Iran

• Annie Basil (1911–1995) – Iranian-Indian activist for Armenian women
• Táhirih (1817–1852) – also known as Fatimah Baraghani, renowned poet, removed her veil in public, "first woman suffrage martyr"

Japan

• Raicho Hiratsuka (1886–1971)
• Fusae Ichikawa (1893–1981) – founded the nation's first women's suffrage organization, the Women's Suffrage League of Japan; president of the New Japan Women's League
• Shidzue Katō (1897–2001)
• Oku Mumeo (1895–1997)
• Shigeri Yamataka (1899–1977)

Jordan

• Emily Bisharat (died 2004) – first female lawyer in Jordan, fought for women's suffrage

Philippines

• Josefa Llanes Escoda (1898–1945) – civic leader and founder of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines
• Concepción Felix (1884–1967) – feminist and human rights activist
• Pura Villanueva Kalaw (1886–1954) – beauty queen, feminist, journalist, and writer
• Pilar Hidalgo-Lim (1893–1973) – educator and civic leader
• Rosa Sevilla (1879–1954) – activist, educator, and journalist

Yishuv

• Rosa Welt-Straus (1856–1938) – suffragist and feminist

Australia and Oceania

Australia

See main article: List of Australian suffragists.

New Zealand

See main article: List of New Zealand suffragists.

Europe

Austria

• Marianne Hainisch (1839–1936) – founder and leader of the Austrian women's movement, mother of first President of Austria
• Ernestine von Fürth, (1877–1946) – co-founder of the New Viennese Women's Club, chairwoman of the Austrian Women's Suffrage Committee
• Friederike Mekler von Traunweis Zeileis (née Mautner von Markhof, 1872–1954) – founding member of the IWSA
• Rosa Welt-Straus (1856–1938) – first Austrian woman to earn a medical degree; representative to the International Woman Suffrage Alliance

Belgium

• Jane Brigode (1870–1952) – politician, member of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
• Léonie de Waha (1836–1926) – Belgian feminist, philanthropist, educator and Walloon activist
• Isabelle Gatti de Gamond (1839–1905) – Belgian educator, feminist, suffragist and politician
• Marie Parent (1853–1934) – journal editor, temperance activist, feminist and suffragist
• Marie Popelin (1846–1913) – lawyer and early feminist political campaigner; worked for universal adult suffrage
• Louise van den Plas (1877–1968) – suffragist and founder of the first Christian feminist movement in Belgium

Bulgaria

• Zheni Bozhilova-Pateva (1878–1955) – teacher, writer, and one of the most active women's rights activists of her era
• Dimitrana Ivanova (1881–1960) – reform pedagogue, women's rights activist
• Julia Malinova (1869–1953) – women's rights activist

Croatia

• Adela Milčinović (1878–1968) – Croatian feminist author, critic and suffragette

Cyprus

• Polyxeni Loizia (1855—1942)
• Persophone Papadopulou (1887–1948)

Czechia

• Karla Máchová (1853–1920) – women's rights activist who, in 1908, was among the first three women to run for the Bohemian Diet
• Františka Plamínková (1875–1942) – founded the Committee for Women's Suffrage (Výbor pro volební právo ženy) in 1905 and served as a vice president of the International Council of Women, as well as the International Woman's Suffrage Alliance
• Marie Tůmová (1866–1925) –– women's suffragist who, in 1908, was among the first three women to run for the Bohemian Diet
• Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčkova (1868–1915) – founder of the Provincial Organization of Progressive Moravian Women

Denmark

See main article: List of Danish suffragists.

Finland

• Maikki Friberg (1861–1927) – educator, journal editor, suffragist and peace activist
• Annie Furuhjelm (1859–1937) – journalist, feminist activist and politician
• Alexandra Gripenberg (1857–1913) – writer, newspaper publisher, suffragist, women's rights activist
• Lucina Hagman (1953–1946) – feminist, suffragist, early politician
• Hilda Käkikoski (1864–1912) – women's activist, suffragist, writer, schoolteacher, early politician
• Olga Oinola (1865–1949) – President of the Finnish Women Association

France

See main article: List of French suffragists.

Georgia

• Ekaterine Gabashvili (1861–1938)) – writer, feminist and suffragist
• Babilina Khositashvili (1884–1973) – poet, labour rights activist and suffragist
• Nino Tkeshelashvili (1874–1956) – feminist, suffragist, writer

Germany

See main article: List of German suffragists.

Greece

• Kalliroi Parren (1861–1940) – founder of the Greek women's movement
• Avra Theodoropoulou (1880–1963) – music critic, pianist, suffragist, women's rights activist, nurse

Hungary

• Vilma Glücklich (1872–1927) – educator, pacifist, suffragist, feminist
• Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948) – pacifist, feminist and suffragist
• Adele Zay (1848–1928) – Transylvanian teacher, feminist and suffragist

Ireland

See main article: List of Irish suffragists and suffragettes.

Italy

• Elisa Agnini Lollini (1858–1922) – pioneering feminist, pacifist, suffragist and politician
• Margherita Ancona (1881–1966) – IWSA board member and delegate to the Inter-Allied Women's Conference
• Alma Dolens (1869–1948) – pacifist, suffragist and journalist, founder of several women's organizations
• Anna Kuliscioff (1857–1925) – Russian-born feminist, suffragist and politician active in Italy
• Linda Malnati (1855–1921) – influential women's rights activist, trade unionist, suffragist, pacifist and writer
• Anna Maria Mozzoni (1837–1920) – pioneering women's rights activist and suffragist
• Eugenia Rasponi (1873–1958) – suffragist, business woman, and early lesbian activist
• Ada Sacchi Simonetta (1874–1944) – women's rights activist, founder and leader of women's organizations
• Gabriella Rasponi Spalletti (1853–1931) – feminist, educator and philanthropist, founder of the National Council of Italian Women in 1903
• Alice Schiavoni Bosio (1871–1931) – delegate to both the 1915 Women at the Hague Conference and 1919 Inter-Allied Women's Conference

Liechtenstein

• Melitta Marxer (1923–2015) – one of the "Sleeping Beauties" who took the issue of women's suffrage to the Council of Europe in 1983

Malta

• Mabel Strickland (1899–1988) – suffragist
• Josephine Burns de Bono (1908–1996) – suffragist
• Helen Buhagiar (1888–1975) – suffragist

Netherlands

• Mia Boissevain (1878-1959) – malacologist, feminist
• Jeltje de Bosch Kemper (1836–1916) – feminist
• Lizzy van Dorp (1872–1945) – lawyer, economist, politician, feminist
• Wilhelmina Drucker (1847–1925) – politician, writer
• P. van Heerdt tot Eversberg-Quarles van Ufford (1862–1939) – feminist, artist, and peace activist
• Mariane van Hogendorp (1834–1909) – feminist
• Mietje Hoitsema (1847–1934)
• Cornélie Huygens (1848–1902)^[11]
• Aletta Jacobs (1854–1929) – Chairperson of Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht, 1903–1919
• Martina Kramers (1863–1934) – feminist
• Rosa Manus (1881–1943) – pacifist
• Catharine van Tussenbroek (1852–1925) – physician, feminist
• Annette Versluys-Poelman (1853–1914) – chairperson of Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht 1894–1902
• Clara Meijer-Wichmann (1885–1922) – lawyer, writer, anarcho-syndicalist, feminist, atheist
• Mien van Wulfften Palthe (1875–1960) – feminist and pacifist

Norway

• Randi Blehr (1851–1928) – chairperson and co-founder of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
• Anna Bugge (1862–1928) – chairman of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights, also active in Sweden
• Gudrun Løchen Drewsen (1867–1946) – Norwegian-born American women's rights activist and painter, promoted women's suffrage in New York City
• Betzy Kjelsberg (1866–1950) – co-founder of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights (1884), the National Association for Women's Suffrage (1885)
  • Gina Krog (1847–1916) – co-founder of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights Ragna Nielsen (1845–1924) – chairperson of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
• Thekla Resvoll (1871–1948) – head of the Norwegian Female Student's Club and on the board of the women's suffrage movement (Kvinnestemmeretsforeningen)
• Anna Rogstad (1854–1938) – vice president of the Association for Women's Suffrage
• Hedevig Rosing (1827–1913) – co-leader of the movement in Norway; author, educator, school founder

Poland

• Maria Dulębianka (1861–1919) – artist, activist and suffragist

Portugal

• Carolina Beatriz Ângelo (1878–1911) – physician and the first woman to vote in Portugal
• Adelaide Cabete (1867–1935) – feminist
• Ana de Castro Osório (1872–1935) – political feminist, suffragist
• Olga Morais Sarmento (1881–1948) – writer and feminist
• Maria Veleda (1871–1955) – educator, writer and suffragist
• Maria Evelina de Sousa (1879–1946) – educator, journalist, feminist, suffragist
• Maria Lamas (1893–1983) – writer, feminist, political prisoner
• Alice Moderno (1867–1946) – writer, feminist, active campaigner for women's rights and animals rights

Romania

• Maria Baiulescu (1860–1941) – Austro-Hungarian born Romanian writer, suffragist and women's rights activist
• Ana Conta-Kernbach (1865–1921) – teacher, pedagogue, writer, women's rights activist, suffragist
• Eugenia de Reuss Ianculescu (1866–1938) – teacher, writer, women's rights activist, suffragist
• Clara Maniu (1842–1929) – feminist, suffragist
• Elena Meissner (1867–1940) – feminist, suffragist, headed Asociația de Emancipare Civilă și Politică a Femeii Române

Serbia

• Helen Losanitch Frothingham (1885–1972) – nurse, humanitarian, feminist, suffrage campaigner

Spain

• Concepción Arenal (1820–1893) – pioneer and founder of the feminist movement in Spain; activist, writer, journalist and lawyer
• Emilia Pardo Bazán (1851–1921) – Spanish writer, journalist, university professor and support for women's rights and education
• Carmen de Burgos (1867–1932) – Spanish journalist, writer, translator and women's rights activist
• Clara Campoamor (1888–1972) – Spanish politician and feminist best known for her advocacy for women's rights and suffrage during the writing of the Spanish constitution of 1931
• María Espinosa de los Monteros (1875–1946) – Spanish women's rights activist, suffragist and business executive
• Victoria Kent (1891–1987) – Spanish lawyer, suffragist and politician

Sweden

• Gertrud Adelborg (1853–1942) – Secretary and leading member of the suffrage movement, presented the first demand of woman suffrage to the government
• Elsa Alkman (1878–1975) – suffragist, women's rights activist, writer and composer
• Eva Andén (1886–1970) – lawyer, feminist and suffragist
• Carolina Benedicks-Bruce (1856–1935) – sculptor, women's rights activist and suffragist
• Signe Bergman (1869–1960) – co-founder and Chairperson of the National Association for Women's Suffrage
• Nina Benner-Anderson (1865–1947) – nurse, pacifist and suffragist
• Ella Billing (1869–1921) – women's rights activist and suffragist
• Hilma Borelius (1869–1932) – literary historian, academic and suffragist
• Kristina Borg (1844–1928) – newspaper publisher, suffragist and peace activist
• Fredrika Bremer (1801–1865) – prominent novelist and early women's rights activist
• Emilia Broomé (1866–1925) – first woman in the legislative assembly, introduced the new laws of equal access to all government posts for both genders
• Märta Bucht (1882–1962) – suffragist and peace activist from Luleå
• Frigga Carlberg (1851–1925) – Chairperson of the National Association for Women's Suffrage (Gothenburg branch)
• Maria Cederschiöld (1856–1935) – journalist, women's rights activist and suffragist
• Lizinka Dyrssen (1866–1952) – women's rights activist and suffragist
• Ebba von Eckermann (1866–1960) – women's rights activist and suffragist
• Lisa Ekedahl (1895–1980) – lawyer and suffragist
• Elin Engström (1860–1956) – politician, trade unionist and suffragist
• Hanna Ferlin (1870–1947) – photographer and suffragist
• Karin Fjällbäck-Holmgren (1881–1963) – politician, social welfare activist and suffragist
• Mia Green (1870–1949) – photographer, human rights activist and suffragist
• Sofia Gumaelius (1840–1915) – Treasurer of the National Association for Women's Suffrage
• Ellen Hagen (1873–1967) – suffragist, women's rights activist and politician
• Gerda Hellberg (1870–1937) – women's rights activist and suffragist
• Lilly Hellström (1866–1930) – schoolteacher, children's newspaper editor and suffragist
• Anna Hierta-Retzius (1841–1924) – women's rights activist, suffragist and philanthropist
  • Lina Hjort (1881–1959) – suffragist in Kiruna Ann-Margret Holmgren (1850–1940) – co-founder and leading campaigner and recruiter for the National Association for Women's Suffrage
• Amanda Horney (1857–1953) – politician, women's rights activist and suffragist
• Ebba Hultkvist (1876–1955) – schoolteacher, suffragist and politician
• Emma Isakson (1880–1952) – newspaper publisher and suffragist
• Ellen Key (1849–1926) – suffragist, ideologist
• Julia Kinberg (1874–1945) – physician and cofounder of feminist organization Frisinnade Kvinnor
• Edit Kindvall (1866–1951) – teacher, photographer, suffragist and women's rights activist
• Anna Kleman (1862–1940) – Swedish suffragist and peace activist
• Sigrid Kruse (1867–1950) – schoolteacher, children's writer and active suffragist
• Klara Lindh (1877–1914) – suffragist, writer, editor
• Anna Lindhagen (1870–1941) – politician, women's rights activist and suffragist
• Cecilia Milow (1856–1946) – writer, educator and suffragist
• Bertha Nordenson (1857–1928) – women's rights activist and suffragist
• Astrid Nyberg (1877–1928) – pioneering newspaper editor and suffragist
• Valborg Olander (1861–1943) – Chairperson of the National Association for Women's Suffrage (local branch)
• Agda Östlund (1870–1942) – politician and suffragist
• Betty Olsson (1871–1950) – suffragist, women's rights and peace activist
• Ebba Palmstierna (1877–1966) – noblewoman and suffragist
• Gulli Petrini (1867–1941) – writer, suffragist, women's rights activist and politician
• Anna Pettersson (1861–1929) – lawyer and suffragist
• Aurore Pihl (1850–1938) – headmistress, women's rights activist and suffragist
• Gerda Planting-Gyllenbåga (1878–1950) – suffragist and social welfare expert
• Emilie Rathou (1862–1948) – journalist, editor, early suffragist
• Anna-Clara Romanus-Alfvén (1874–1947) – physician, suffragist, women's rights activist and educator
• Hilda Sachs (1857–1935) – journalist, writer, women's rights activist
• Ellen Sandelin (1862–1907) – physician and lecturer
• Olga Segerberg (1868–1951) – photographer and suffragist
• Alexandra Skoglund (1862–1938) – suffragist, women's rights activist and politician
• Karolina Själander (1841–1925) – headmistress, women's rights activist, suffragist and politician
• Augusta Tonning (1857–1932) – teacher, suffragist and pacifist
• Elin Wägner (1882–1949) – campaigner for the National Association for Women's Suffrage
• Lydia Wahlström (1869–1954) – co-founder and Chairperson of the National Association for Women's Suffrage
• Jenny Wallerstedt (1870–1963) – teacher, suffragist and local politician
• Anna Whitlock (1852–1930) – co-founder and Chairperson of the National Association for Women's Suffrage
• Karolina Widerström (1856–1949) – Chairperson of the National Association for Women's Suffrage

Switzerland

• Simone Chapuis-Bischof (born 16 March 1931) – head of the Association Suisse Pour les Droits de la Femme (ADF) and the president of the journal Femmes Suisses
• Caroline Farner (1842–1913) – the second female Swiss doctor
• Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin (1826–1899) – Swiss doctor and campaigner for the Swiss women's movement
• Marthe Gosteli (1917–2017) – Swiss suffrage activist and creator of the Swiss archive of women's history
• Emma Graf (1865–1926) – Swiss historian, educator; president, Bernese Association for Women's Suffrage
• Ursula Koch (born 1941) – politician, refused the 'male' oath in the Zürich cantonal parliament; first women president of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP)
• Emilie Lieberherr (1924–2011) – Swiss politician who was a leading figure in the final struggle for women suffrage in Switzerland, and the famous 1969 March to Bern for women suffrage
• Rosa Neuenschwander (1883–1962) – pioneer in vocational education, founder of the Schweizerische Landfrauenverband or SLFV (Swiss Country Association for Women Suffrage)
• Camille Vidart (1854–1930) – suffragist, women's rights activist, pacifist and educator
• Julie von May (von Rued) (1808–1875) – feminist
• Helene von Mülinen (1850–1924) – founder of Switzerland's organized suffrage movement; created and served as first president of Bund Schweizerischer Frauenvereine (BSF)

United Kingdom

• Wilhelmina Hay Abbott (1884–1957) – editor and feminist lecturer, officer of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
• Violet Aitken (1886–1987) – suffragette activist in the WSPU, imprisoned and force-fed, editor of The Suffragette
• Margaret Aldersley (1852–1940) – suffragist, feminist and trade unionist
• Mary Ann Aldham (1858–1940) – famously slashed a portrait in the Royal Academy in 1914
• Janie Allan (1868–1968) – suffragette activist and significant financial supporter of the WSPU; imprisoned for suffrage activities
• Doreen Allen (1879–1963) – militant suffragette
• Mary Sophia Allen (1878–1964) – women's rights activist, pioneer policewoman, later involved in far-right political activity
• Katharine Russell, Viscountess Amberley (1844–1874) – early advocate of birth control, president of the Bristol and West of England Women's Suffrage Society
• Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836–1917) – physician, feminist, first dean of a British medical school, first female mayor, and magistrate in Britain
• Louisa Garrett Anderson (1873–1943) – Chief Surgeon of Women's Hospital Corps, Fellow of Royal Society of Medicine, jailed for her suffragist activities
• Helen Archdale (1876–1949) – suffragette and journalist
• Jane Arthur (1827–1907) – educationalist, feminist and activist; campaigned for women's suffrage
• Margaret Ashton (1856–1937) – suffragist, local politician, pacifist
• Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor (1879–1964) – politician, socialite, first woman to sit as a Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons
• Barbara Ayrton-Gould (1886–1950) – Labour politician and co-founder of the United Suffragists; jailed for her suffrage activities
• Mary Anne Baikie (1861–1950) – Scottish suffragist who established the Orcadian Women's Suffrage Society
• Sarah Jane Baines (1866–1951) – feminist and social reformer; jailed at least fifteen times
• Minnie Baldock (– 1954) – co-founded the first London branch of the WSPU^[12]
• Frances Balfour (1858–1931) – president of the National Society for Women's Suffrage
• Florence Balgarnie (1856–1928) – British suffragette, speaker, pacifist, feminist, temperance activist
• Norah Balls (1886–1980) - British Suffragette, women’s right campaigner, magistrate and councillor, co-founder of the Girl Guides movement in Northumberland.
• Rachel Barrett (1874–1953) – member of the WSPU; editor of The Suffragette
• Janet Barrowman (1879–1955) – Scottish member of the WSPU; jailed for her suffragist activities
• Dorothea Beale (1831–1906) – educational reformer, author, Principal of the Cheltenham Ladies' College
• Harriette Beanland (born 1866) – British textile worker and Suffragette
• Lydia Becker (1827–1890) – biologist and astronomer, founder and publisher of the Women's Suffrage Journal
• Edith Marian Begbie (1866–1932) – militant suffragette who was force-fed
• Elizabeth Bell (1862–1934) – first woman to practice medicine in Ulster, WPSU militant.
• Mary Bell (1885–1943) – first Scottish women magistrate
• Sarah Benett (1850–1924) – Treasurer of the WFL and suffragette
• Ethel Bentham (1861–1931) – doctor, politician, member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
• Annie Besant (1847–1933) – socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer, orator, and supporter of Irish and Indian self-rule
• Rosa May Billinghurst (1875–1953) – member of the WSPU; jailed multiple times
• Teresa Billington-Greig (1877–1964) – co-founder of Women's Freedom League; jailed for her suffragist activities
  • Catherine Hogg Blair (1872–1946) – Scottish suffragette and founder of the Scottish Women's Rural Institute, and member of the WSPU Violet Bland (1863–1940) – member of the WSPU, force-fed in prison
• Barbara Bodichon (1827–1891) – educationalist, artist, feminist, activist for women's rights
• Lillie Boileau (1869–1930) – early member of the Women's Freedom League and the Union of Ethical Societies
• Margaret Bondfield (1873–1953) – politician, chair of the Adult Suffrage Society, first woman Cabinet minister in the United Kingdom

• Elsie Bowerman (1889–1973) – lawyer, member of the WSPU, RMS Titanic survivor
• Janet Boyd (1850–1928) – militant suffragette and hunger-striker
• Jane Esdon Brailsford (1876–1937) – Scottish suffragette
• Agnes Brown (1866–1943) – Scottish suffragist and writer
• Annie Leigh Browne (1851–1936) – co-founder of College Hall, London and of Women's Local Government Society
• Constance Bryer (1870–1952) – suffragette
• Evaline Hilda Burkitt (1876–1955) – first suffragette to be force-fed
• Frances Buss (1827–1894) – headmistress, pioneer of women's education, member of the Kensington Society
• Josephine Butler (1828–1906) – feminist, author, social reformer concerned about the welfare of prostitutes
• Mary Burton (1819–1909), a Scottish social and educational reformer, and supporter of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage
• Edward Caird (1835–1908) – founder member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
• Mona Caird (1854–1932) – English novelist and essayist who wrote in support of women's suffrage
• Mabel Capper (1888–1966) – activist in the WSPU; imprisoned many times, and force-fed
• Isabella Carrie (1878–1981) – schoolteacher and safe house keeper for the WSPU
• Dorothea Chalmers Smith (1874–1944) – doctor and suffragist
• Lady Edith Helen Chaplin (1878-1959) - Marchioness of Londonderry, served on a number of women's associations
• Adeline Chapman (1847–1931) - president of the New Constitutional Society for Women's Suffrage
• Georgina Fanny Cheffins (1863–1932) – arrested for window smashing, held in HM Prison Holloway, force-fed
• Jane Clapperton (1832–1914) – philosopher, birth control pioneer, social reformer and suffragist
• Alice Clark (1874–1934), served on the executive committee of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
• Mary Jane Clarke (1862–1910) – arrested for window smashing, held in HM Prison Holloway, force-fed
• Anne Clough (1820–1892) – teacher and promoter of higher education for women
• Lila Clunas (1876–1968) – Scottish suffragette and Labour party councillor
• Jane Cobden (1851–1947) – Liberal politician who was active in many radical causes; co-founder of the Women's Franchise League
• Leonora Cohen (1873–1978) – militant British suffragette and trade unionist; bodyguard for Emmeline Pankhurst

• • Florence Annie Conybeare (1872–1916) – campaigned in support of women's suffrage, organized a meeting of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies Selina Cooper (1864–1946) – textile mill worker, local magistrate, member of the North of England Society for Women's Suffrage
• Catherine Corbett (1869–1950) - British suffragette
• Ethel Cox (born 1888) - British suffragette
• Annie Walker Craig (1864–1948) - British suffragette involved in rock-throwing and arson in England and Scotland
• Jessie Craigen (– 1899) – working-class suffragist who gave speeches all around the country
• Muriel Craigie (1889–1971) - Scottish suffragist, and war volunteer organiser
• Virginia Mary Crawford (1862–1948) – Catholic suffragist, journalist and author, a founder of the Catholic Women's Suffrage Society.
• Helen Crawfurd (1877–1954) – suffragette, rent strike organiser and communist activist
• Maud Crofts (born 1889) – suffragist, author and first woman accepted as a solicitor^{[13] [14]}

• Mary Crudelius (1839–1877) – early supporter of women's suffrage and campaigner for women's education
• Helen Cruickshank (1886–1975) – was a Scottish poet and suffragette
• Emily Davies (1830–1921) – co-founder of Kensington Society and Britain's first women's college, Girton College, Cambridge University
• Emily Wilding Davison (1872–1913) – militant activist, key member of the WSPU, died in a protest action at a racetrack
• Margaret Davidson (suffragist) (1879–1978) – suffragist, volunteer war nurse, and early leader of Girl Guides
• John McAusland Denny (1858–1922) – Scottish businessman, Conservative Party politician and founder member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
• Charlotte Despard (1844–1939) – novelist, Sinn Féin activist, co-founder of the Women's Freedom League
• Agnes Dollan (1887–1966) – Scottish suffragette, political activist and pacifist
• Violet Mary Doudney (1889–1952) – teacher and militant suffragette
• Katherine Douglas Smith (born 1878) – militant suffragette and WSPU organiser
• Flora Drummond (1878–1949) – organiser for WSPU, imprisoned nine times for her activism in Women's Suffrage movement, inspiring orator
• Marion Wallace Dunlop (1864–1942) – artist and suffragette
• Elsie Duval (1892–1919) – member of WSPU and first woman released under the Cat and Mouse Act
• Louise Eates (1877–1944) - was a British suffragette, chair of Kensington Women's Social and Political Union and a women's education activist.
• Maude Edwards (fl. 1914) – suffragette
• Norah Elam (1878–1961) – prominent member of the WSPU; imprisoned three times
• Elizabeth Clarke Wolstenholme Elmy (1833–1918) – public speaker and writer; formed the first British suffragist society, first paid employee of the British Women's Movement
• Dorothy Evans (1888–1944) – activist and organiser, worked for WSPU in England and the north of Ireland; imprisoned several times
• Kate Williams Evans (1866–1961) – suffragette
• Caprina Fahey (1883–1959) – received the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) Hunger Strike Medal "for Valour" in 1914^[15]
• Margaret Milne Farquharson (1884–c. 1936) – Scottish suffragette, MP candidate and leader of the National Political League campaigning for Palestine.
• Millicent Fawcett (1847–1929) – feminist, writer, political and union leader; president of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
• Helen Fraser (1881–1979) – suffragist, speaker and artist
• Elizabeth Fry (1780–1845) – prison reformer, social reformer, philanthropist
• Edith Margaret Garrud (1872–1971) – first trainer of 'the Bodyguard', formed in response to the Cat and Mouse Act
• Elizabeth Finlayson Gauld (– 1941) - suffrage campaigner based in Edinburgh
• Katharine Gatty (1870–1952) – journalist, lecturer and militant suffragette for the WSPU
• Mary Gawthorpe (1881–1973) – socialist, trade unionist, editor, active in the suffrage movement in both England and the United States
• Ellison Scotland Gibb (1879–1970) – suffragette and chess player
• Margaret Skirving Gibb (1877–1954) – suffragette and chess player
• Marion Gilchrist (1864–1952) – doctor and suffragist
• Helga Gill (1885–1928) – Norwegian-born British suffragist who spoke at meetings
• Katie Edith Gliddon (1883–1967) – watercolour artist and militant suffragette.
• Frances Gordon (born) – prominent in the militant wing of the Scottish women's suffrage movement; imprisoned and force-fed
• Gerald Gould (1885–1936) – writer, known as a journalist, reviewer, essayist, and poet; co-founder of United Suffragists
• Mary Pollock Grant (1876–1957) – Scottish suffragette, Liberal Party politician, missionary and policewoman.
• Joan Lavender Bailie Guthrie (1889–1914) - British suffragette, and member of the Women's Social and Political Union
• Elsa Gye (1881–1943) – Scottish suffragette, imprisoned for the cause, led WSPU branches in Nottingham and Newcastle
• Joan Lavender Bailie Guthrie (Laura Grey) (1888–1914) – suffragette and actress, imprisoned for window smashing
• Beatrice Forbes-Robertson Hale (1883–1967) – actress, lectured and wrote on women's rights
• Edith Hacon (1875–1952) – suffragist from Dornoch, World War One nursing volunteer and international socialite
• Florence Haig (1856–1952) – Scottish artist and suffragette who was decorated for imprisonments and hunger strikes.
• Cicely Hale (1884–1981) – health visitor and author; worked for the WSPU and The Suffragette
• Nellie Hall (1895–1929) – god-daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst, member of the WSPU; imprisoned twice
• Hazel Hunkins Hallinan (1890–1982) – American women's rights activist, journalist, and suffragist who moved to Britain and was active in the movement there
• Cicely Hamilton (1872–1952) – actress, writer, journalist, feminist
• Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon (1857–1939) – author, philanthropist, and an advocate of woman's interests
• Marion Coates Hansen (1870–1947) – early member of the WSPU, co-founder of the Women's Freedom League
• Keir Hardie (1856–1915) – Scottish founder of the Labour Party, later a campaigner for women's suffrage
• Emily J. Harding (1850–1940) – British artist, illustrator and suffragette
• Lillian Mary Harris (1887–1964) - English militant suffragette
• Jane Ellen Harrison (1850–1928) – linguist, feminist, co-founder of modern studies in Greek mythology, supporter of women's suffrage
• Evelina Haverfield (1867–1920) – aid worker and nurse in WWI, member of the WSPU, arrested several times
• Annie Elizabeth Helme (1874–1963) – suffragist, JP, first female mayor of Lancaster in 1932.^[16]
• Mary H. J. Henderson (1874–1938) - honorary secretary of Dundee Women's Suffrage Society, and administrator with Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service
• Elizabeth Ellen (Beth) Hesmondhalgh active 1907–1914, Hunger Strike Medal recipient
• Margaret Hills (1882–1967) – teacher, public speaker, feminist and socialist; organizer of the NUWSS Election Fighting Fund
• Edith Mary Hinchley (1870–1940) – artist and member of the Women's Freedom League
• Reverend Claude Hinscliff (1875–1964) – founder of the [Anglican] Church League for Women's Suffrage^{[17] [18]}
• Emily Hobhouse (1860–1926) – exposed the squalid conditions in concentration camps in South Africa during the Second Boer War; active in the People's Suffrage Federation
• Olive Hockin (1881–1936) – artist and author; imprisoned after arson attacks suspected to be suffragette-related
• Winifred Holtby (1898–1935) – feminist, socialist, and writer, including a new voters guide for women in 1929
• Edith Sophia Hooper (1868–1926) – suffragist and biographer of Josephine Butler
• Winifred Horrabin (1887–1971) – socialist activist, journalist, member of the WSPU
• Clemence Housman (1861–1955) – author, illustrator, co-founder of the Suffrage Atelier
• Laurence Housman (1865–1959) – playwright, writer, illustrator, co-founder of the Suffrage Atelier
• Elizabeth How-Martyn (1875–1954) – member of the WSPU and co-founder of the Women's Freedom League
• Ellen Hughes (1867–1927) – Welsh writer, poet, suffragist
• Florence Hull (born 1878) – suffragette, member of WSPU, imprisoned in January 1913
• Agnes Husband (1852–1929) – Scottish politician and suffragette
• Elsie Inglis (1864–1917) – Scottish doctor, secretary of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage
• Margaret Irwin (1858–1940) – trade unionist, suffragist and founder member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
• Christina Jamieson (1864–1942) – writer and suffragette

• Maud Joachim (1869–1947) – suffragette
• Jessie Keppie (1868–1951) - artist and subscriber to the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
• Ellen Isabel Jones (died 1948) – suffragette and close associate of the Pankhursts
• Helena Jones (1870–1946) – Welsh doctor and member of the WSPU, later critical of Emmeline Pankhurst
• Mabel Jones (1865–1923) – doctor and suffragette
• Annie Kenney (1879–1953) – leading figure in the WSPU
• Jessie Kenney (1887–1985) – leading suffragette, assaulted the British prime minister and the Home Secretary at golf course
• Nell Kenney (1876–1953) – suffragette
• Jessie Keppie (1868–1951) – artist and subscriber to Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
• Alice Stewart Ker (1853–1943) – doctor, health educator and suffragette
• Edith Key (1872–1937) – secretary-organiser of the WSPU, Huddersfield branch, and author of the only surviving regional WSPU minute book
• Mary Stewart Kilgour (1851–1955) – educationalist and writer, co-founder of the Union of Practical Suffragists
• Adelaide Knight, (1871–1950) – secretary for the WSPU in Canning Town^{[19] [20]}
• Anne Knight (1786–1862) – social reformer, pioneer of feminism, early suffragette and pamphleteer
• Annie Knight (1895–2006) – suffragette in Aberdeen Scotland
• Aeta Adelaide Lamb (1886–1928) – longest serving organiser in the WSPU
• George Lansbury (1859–1940) – social reformer and politician who allied himself with the WSPU
• Jennie Lee (1904–1988) – Scottish politician, elected MP aged 24 in 1929 by-election before suffrage was extended to women under 30
• Harriet Leisk (1853–1921) - chair of the Shetland Women's Suffrage Society
• Lilian Lenton (1891–1972) – active member of the WSPU, winner of a French Red Cross for her service in WWI
• Victoria Lidiard (1889–1992) – WPSU member and reputed to be the longest surviving British Suffragette^[21]
• Anna Lindsay (activist) (1845–1903), Scottish women's rights activist
• Thomas Martin Lindsay (1843–1914) – Scottish historian, professor and founder member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
• Louisa Lumsden (1840–1935) - pioneer of female education and suffrage speaker
• Kathleen Lyttelton (1856–1907) – women's activist, editor and writer
• Lady Constance Lytton (1869–1923) – speaker and campaigner for prison reform, votes for women, and birth control
• Florence Macfarlane (1867–1947) – nurse and militant member of the WSPU
• Margaret Mackworth (1883–1958) – activist and director of more than thirty companies
• Sarah Mair (1846–1941) – campaigner for women's education and suffrage
• Lavinia Malcolm (1847–1920) – Scottish suffragist and local Liberal Movement politician, the first Scottish woman to be elected to a local council (1907) and the first woman Lord Provost of a Scottish burgh town, in Dollar, Clackmannanshire
• Kate Manicom (1893–1937), British suffragette and trade unionist
• Flora Masson (1856–1937) - nurse, suffragist, writer and editor
• Edith Mansell Moullin (1859–1941) – suffragist, settlement worker, and Welsh feminist organisation founder
• Kitty Marion (1871–1944) – actress and political activist
• Dora Marsden (1882–1960) – anarcho-feminist, editor of literary journals, and philosopher of language
• Charlotte Marsh (1842–1909) – joined the WSPU in March 1907, set up the Independent WSPU in March 1916
• Selina Martin (1882–1972) – activist
• Harriet Martineau (1802–1876) – social theorist and writer
• Eleanor Marx (1855–1898) – activist and translator
• Flora Masson (1856–1937) – nurse, editor and writer
• Helen Matthews – Scottish suffragette and women's footballer
• Isabella Fyvie Mayo (1843–1914) – poet, novelist, suffragist, and reformer
• Mary Macarthur (1880–1921) – general secretary of the Women's Trade Union League and was involved in the formation of the National Federation of Women Workers and National Anti-Sweating League
• Ann Macbeth (1875–1948) – artist and suffragist
• Lilly Maxwell (1800–1876) – suffragist
• Elspeth McClelland (1879–1920) – architect and suffragette, 'human letter' sent with Daisy Solomon
• Janet McCallum (1881–1946) – trade unionist and suffragist
• Margaret McCoubrey (1880–1955) – Belfast WSPU militant, pacifist, co-operatist.
• Elizabeth McCracken (1871–1944) – feminist writer (" L.A.M. Priestley"), Belfast WSPU militant, refused wartime political truce with the government.
• Agnes Syme Macdonald (1882–1966) – Scottish suffragette who served as the secretary of the Edinburgh branch of the WSPU before setting up the Edinburgh Women Citizens Association (WCA) in 1918
• Louisa Macdonald (1858–1949) - educationalist and suffragist
• Agnes McLaren (1837–1913) – doctor and secretary of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage alongside her stepmother, Priscilla Bright McLaren
• Alice McLaren (1860–1945) – doctor, Gynecologist, suffragist and advocate for women's health and women's rights
• Eva McLaren (1852–1921) – suffragist, writer, and political campaigner
• Priscilla Bright McLaren (1815–1906) – anti-slavery activist, Scottish suffragist, founder and president of Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage
• Chrystal Macmillan (1872–1937) – politician, barrister, feminist and pacifist
• Frances McPhun (1880–1940) – suffragette who served two months in Holloway prison, sister of Margaret McPhun
• Margaret McPhun (1876–1960) – suffragette who served two months in Holloway prison, sister of Frances McPhun
• Margaret Sara Meggitt (1866–1920), British political activist and suffragette
• Frances Melville (1873–1962) – suffragist, advocate for higher education for women in Scotland, and one of the first women to matriculate at the University of Edinburgh
• Lillian Metge (1871–1954) – bombed Christ Church Cathedral, Lisburn, WSPU Hunger Strike medalist.
• Jessie C. Methven (1854–1917) – Scottish suffragist, suffragette, honorary secretary of Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage, joined WSPU 1906
• Alice Meynell (1847–1922) – editor, writer, and poet
• Harriet Taylor Mill (1807–1858) – philosopher and women's rights advocate
• John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) – philosopher, political economist, and civil servant
• Hannah Mitchell (1872–1956) – activist
• Dora Montefiore (1851–1933) – activist and writer
• Ethel Moorhead (1869–1955) – painter
• Graham Moffat (1866–1951) – actor, director, playwright and spiritualist. Husband of Maggie Moffat and founder of the Men's League for Women's Suffrage
• Maggie Moffat (1873–1943) – British actor and suffragette, wife of Graham Moffat
• Ethel Moorhead (1869–1955) – suffragette and painter
• Anna Munro (1881–1962) – activist
• Mary Murdoch (1864–1916) - physician and suffragist
• Eunice Murray (1878–1960) – suffragist, and only Scottish woman who stood for election when UK elections were opened to women in 1918
• Flora Murray (1869–1923) – medical pioneer and activist
• Frances Murray (1843–1919) – a suffragist raised in Scotland, an advocate of women's education, a lecturer in Scottish music and a writer
• Sylvia Murray (1875–1955) – suffragette and author, the sister of suffragette Eunice Guthrie Murray
• Margaret Mylne (1806–1892) – Scottish suffragette and writer
• Jessie Newbery (1864–1948) - Scottish artist and embroiderer, member of the Women's Social and Political Union
• Mary Neal (1860–1944) – social worker and collector of English folk dances
• Alison Roberta Noble Neilans (1884–1942) – activist, member of the executive committee of the Women's Freedom League
• Margaret Nevinson (1858–1932) – JP, Poor Law guardian, playwright, member of the Church League for Women's Suffrage
• Jessie Newbery (1864–1948) – artist and suffragist
• Elizabeth Pease Nicholl (1807–1897) – abolitionist, anti-segregationist, suffragist, chartist and anti-vivisectionist
• Helen Ogston (1882–1973) – Scottish suffragette known for interrupting David Lloyd George on 5 December 1908 at a meeting in the Royal Albert Hall and subsequently holding off the stewards with a dog whip
• Ada Nield Chew (1870–1945) – organiser
• Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) – celebrated social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing
• Emily Rosaline Orme (1835–1915) – member of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage
• Elizabeth Margaret Pace (1866–1957) – Scottish doctor, suffragist and advocate for women's health and women's rights
• Adela Pankhurst (1885–1961) – political organizer, co-founder of the Communist Party of Australia and the Australia First Movement
• Christabel Pankhurst (1880–1958) – co-founder and leader of the WSPU
• Emmeline Pankhurst (1858–1928) – a main founder and the leader of the British Suffragette Movement
• Sylvia Pankhurst (1882–1960) – campaigner and anti-fascism activist
• Frances Mary "Fanny" Parker OBE (1875–1924) – New Zealand-born suffragette prominent in the militant wing of the Scottish women's suffrage movement and repeatedly imprisoned for her actions
• Grace Paterson (1843–1925) – school board member, temperance activist, suffragist, and founder of the Glasgow School of Cookery
• Isabella Bream Pearce (1859–1929) – Scottish socialist propagandist and suffrage campaigner
• Annie Seymour Pearson (born 1878) – work based suffrage activist who ran a safe house for suffragettes evading police^[22]
• Edith Pechey (1845–1908) – campaigner for women's rights, involved in a range of social causes
• Pleasance Pendred (1864–1948) – suffragette
• Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence (1867–1954) – member Suffrage Society, secretary WSPU
• Leonora Philipps (1862–1915) – Liberal suffragist, president of Welsh Union of Women's Liberal Associations and co-founder of the Pioneer Club
• Caroline Philips (1874–1956) – feminist, suffragette and journalist
• Catherine Pine (1864–1941) – nurse, suffragette
• Isabella Potbury (1890–1965) – portrait painter, suffragette
• Clara Rackham (1875–1966) – magistrate, prison reformer, factory inspector, long-serving alderman and city councillor in Cambridge
• Jane Rae (1872–1959) – political activist, suffragette, councillor and Justice of the peace
• Eleanor Rathbone (1872–1946) – campaigner for women's rights
• Marion Kirkland Reid (1815–1902) – feminist and writer
• Mary Reid (1880–1921) – Scottish trades unionist
• Margaret Mackworth, 2nd Viscountess Rhondda (1883–1955) – WSPU member, journalist, businesswoman, founder of the feminist periodical Time and Tide
• Mary Richardson (1882–1961) – Canadian suffragette, arsonist, head of the women's section of the British Union of Fascists
• Edith Rigby (1872–1948) – founder of St. Peter's School, prominent activist
• Margaret Robertson (1892–1967) – campaigner; organiser of the Election Fighting Fund
• Elizabeth Robins (1862–1952) – Ibsen actress, playwright, public speaker, novelist
• Annot Robinson (1874–1925) – née Wilkie, nicknamed Annie, pacifist and suffragette^[23]

Notes and References

1. Web site: The University of Melbourne . Suffragists - Theme - The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia . 2023-03-29 . www.womenaustralia.info . en-gb.
2. Book: Wright, Clare Alice . You daughters of freedom : the Australians who won the vote and inspired the world . 2018 . 978-1-925603-93-4 . Melbourne, Vic. . 1037809229.
3. Web site: Kratz . Jessie . 2019-05-14 . What is Suffrage? . 2023-03-29 . Pieces of History . en-US.
4. 2015-10-22 . Everything You Need to Know About the Word 'Suffragette' . 2023-03-29 . Time . en.
5. Web site: 2020-08-18 . How the Term 'Suffragette' Evolved from Its Sexist Roots . 2023-03-29 . Harper's BAZAAR . en-US.
6. Web site: Suffragist/Suffragette - What's the difference? . 2023-03-20 . Government of South Australia - Office for Women . en-AU.
7. Web site: Did You Know? Suffragist vs Suffragette . 2023-03-20 . U.S. National Park Service . en.
8. [Gambo Sawaba]
9. Web site: BiafraNigeriaWorld: Platform Shorten Link Terpercaya di Indonesia . 2024-07-27 . BiafraNigeriaWorld: Platform Shorten Link Terpercaya di Indonesia . id.
10. [Wuraola Esan]
11. Web site: Huygens, Cornélie Lydie (1848–1902) . 23 November 2014 . Huygens ING.
12. News: The suffragettes weren't just white, middle-class women throwing stones. Jackson. Sarah. 12 October 2015. The Guardian. 22 February 2018.
13. News: UK | 75 years of women solicitors . BBC News . 19 December 1997 . 28 February 2018.
14. Web site: Maud Crofts: "We women want not privileges but equality." – First 100 Years. first100years.org.uk. 5 July 2016 .
15. News: Briscoe . Kim . Call for public's help to piece together life of Norfolk suffragette Caprina Fahey . 9 July 2020 . Eastern Daily Press . 2 November 2017 . en . 3 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191003221806/https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/call-for-public-s-help-to-piece-together-life-of-norfolk-suffragette-caprina-fahey-1-5262750 . dead .
16. Web site: Former Mayors of the City of Lancaster . Lancaster City Council . 11 March 2020.
17. Book: Krista Cowman. Women in British Politics, c.1689–1979. 9 December 2010. Palgrave Macmillan. 978-1-137-26801-3. 63–.
18. Book: Graham Neville. Radical Churchman: Edward Lee Hicks and the New Liberalism. 1998. Clarendon Press. 978-0-19-826977-9. 165–.
19. https://eastendwomensmuseum.org/blog/adelaide-knight-leader-of-the-first-east-london-suffragettes Adelaide Knight, leader of the first east London suffragettes – East End Women's Museum
20. Book: Diane Atkinson. Rise Up Women!: The Remarkable Lives of the Suffragettes. 8 February 2018. Bloomsbury Publishing. 978-1-4088-4406-9. 578–.
21. News: Obituary: Victoria Lidiard. The Independent. Bella. Hoffman. 19 October 1992.
22. Web site: MRS Annie Seymour Pearson / Database - Women's Suffrage Resources.
23. Web site: Photograph of Indian suffragettes on the Women's Coronation Procession, 17 June 1911 at Museum of London . Museumoflondonprints.com . 17 June 1911 . 26 February 2018 . 27 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180227035358/http://www.museumoflondonprints.com/image/79116/photograph-of-indian-suffragettes-on-the-womens-coronation-procession-17-june-1911 . dead .
24. News: Izzy Lyons . Lolita Roy – the woman who simultaneously fought for British and Indian female suffrage . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/politics/lolita-roy-woman-simultaneously-fought-british-indian-female/ . 12 January 2022 . subscription . live . The Telegraph . 26 February 2018 . Telegraph.co.uk . 26 February 2018.
25. Lassalle . Beatriz . September 1949 . Biografía de Rosario Bellber González Por la Profesora Beatriz Lassalle . Revista, Volume 8, Issue 5 . La Asociación de Maestros de Puerto Rico . 149, 158 . Spanish.
26. Encyclopedia: Quién es Quién en Puerto Rico . Diccionario Biográfico De Record Personal . Cantero Fernández & Co. . San Juan, Puerto Rico . 1942 . Asenjo . Conrado . Third edition 1941-42 . 33 . Spanish.
27. Web site: 15 March 2019 . Rosario Bellber González: maestra, sufragista y espiritista kardeciana Sandra A. Enríquez Seiders . 19 April 2022 . Revista Cruce . Spanish.
28. Book: Krüger Torres, Lola . Enciclopedia Grandes Mujeres de Puerto Rico, Vol. IV . 1975 . Ramallo Bros. Printing, Inc. . Hato Rey, Puerto Rico . 273–274 . Spanish.
29. Robinson [née Wilkie], Annot Erskine [Annie] . Robinson [née Wilkie&#93;, Annot Erskine [Annie&#93; (1874–1925) – suffragist and pacifist |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/48529 |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 |access-date=26 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="dundeewomenstrail1">{{cite web|url=http://www.dundeewomenstrail.org.uk/wilkie-annot-robinson-socialist-suffragette-wilkie-helen-socialist-suffragette/ |title=Wilkie, Annot (Robinson) – Socialist, Suffragette Wilkie, Helen – Socialist, Suffragette &#124; Dundee Women's Trail |publisher=Dundeewomenstrail.org.uk |date=18 January 2013 |access-date=26 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Rona Robinson]] (1881–1973) – suffragette and in 1905 the first woman in the United Kingdom to gain a first-class degree in chemistry
    • Esther Roper (1868–1938) – social justice campaigner
    • Arnold Stephenson Rowntree (1872–1951) – MP, philanthropist, and suffragist
    • Lolita Roy (born 1865) – believed to have been an important organizer of the Women's Coronation Procession (a suffrage march in London) in 1911, and marched as part of it with either her sisters or her daughters^{[23] [24]}
    • Agnes Royden (1876–1956) – preacher
    • Bertha Ryland (1882–1977) – militant suffragette
    • Myra Sadd Brown (1872–1938) – suffragette activist in the WSPU, imprisoned and force-fed
    • Amy Sanderson (born c1875-6) – Scottish suffragette, imprisoned twice, executive member of WFL
    • Margaret Sandhurst (1828–1892) – one of the first women elected to a city council in the United Kingdom
    • Jessie Saxby (1842–1940) — author, folklorist and suffragette
    • Arabella Scott (1886–1980) – Scottish suffragette who endured five weeks of solitary confinement in Perth prison and force feeding twice a day
    • Evelyn Sharp (suffragist) (1869–1955) – journalist on The Manchester Guardian, short story writer, tax resister, founder of the United Suffragists
    • Genie Sheppard (1863–1953) – medical doctor and militant suffragette
    • Alice Maud Shipley (1869–1951) – suffragist who went on hunger strike in Holloway Prison and who was force fed
    • Frances Simson (1854–1938) – suffragist, campaigner for women's higher education and one of the first of eight women graduates from the University of Edinburgh
    • May Sinclair (1863–1946) – member of the Woman Writers' Suffrage League
    • Sophia Duleep Singh (1876–1948) – had leading roles in the Women's Tax Resistance League, and the WSPU
    • Margaret Skinnider (1892–1971)
    • Ethel Smyth (1858–1944) – composer, writer
    • Mary Anderson Snodgrass (1862–1945) – politician, suffragist and advocate for women's rights, member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
    • Ethel Snowden (1881–1951) – socialist, human rights activist, feminist politician
    • Jessie M. Soga (1870–1954) - Xhosa/Scottish contralto singer, music teacher and suffragist. She was described as the only black suffrage campaigner based in Scotland.
    • Daisy Solomon (1882–1978) – South African born, member of WSPU, sent as 'human letter' with Elspeth McClelland, daughter of Georgiana Solomon
    • Georgiana Solomon (1844–1933) – Scottish member of the WSPU, South African temperance activist
    • Mary Somerville (1780–1872) – science writer and polymath
    • Emma Sproson (1867–1936) – women's rights activist
    • Catherine Helen Spence (1825–1910) – Scottish-born Australian author, teacher, journalist, politician & leading suffragist
    • Emily Spender (1841–1922) – novelist and suffragette
    • Lady Barbara Steel (1857–1943) – Scottish suffragist and tax resister
    • Jessie Stephen (1893–1979) – working class suffragette and trade union activist
    • Flora Stevenson (1839–1905) – Scottish social reformer with interest in education for poor or neglected children
    • Louisa Stevenson (1835–1908) – Scottish campaigner for women's university education, effective, well-organised nursing
    • Charlotte Carmichael Stopes (1840–1929) – scholar, author, and campaigner for women's rights
    • Una Harriet Ella Stratford Duval (née Dugdale) (1879–1975) – suffragette and marriage reformer
    • Lucy Deane Streatfeild (1865–1950) – civil servant, social worker, one of the first female factory inspectors in UK
    • Ann Swaine (born in or before 1821–1883) – writer and advocate for women's higher education
    • Annie S. Swan (1859–1943) – journalist, novelist and story writer
    • Helena Swanwick (1864–1939) – feminist, pacifist
    • Jane Taylour (1827–1905) – suffragist and women's movement campaigner
    • Janie Terrero (1858–1944) – militant suffragette
    • Dora Thewlis (1890–1976) – activist
    • Agnes Thomson (born 1846) – Scottish suffragette, member of Edinburgh WSPU, missionary in India
    • Elizabeth Thomson (born 1848) – Scottish suffragette, member of Edinburgh WSPU, hunger striker, missionary in India
    • Elizabeth Thompson (1846–1933) – prominent painter
    • Muriel Thompson (1875–1939) – World War I ambulance driver, racing driver and suffragist
    • Violet Tillard (1874–1922) – nurse, pacifist, supporter of conscientious objectors, relief worker
    • Isabella Tod (1836–1896) – Scottish suffragist, women's rights campaigner in the north of Ireland, helped women secure the municipal franchise in Belfast.
    • Catherine Tolson (1890–1924) – suffragette
    • Helen Tolson (1888–1955) – suffragette
    • Florence Tunks (1891–1985) – suffragette
    • Minnie Turner (1866–1948) – ran a guest house, the "Sea View", in Brighton
    • Julia Varley (1871–1952) - trade unionist
    • Marion Wallace Dunlop (1864–1942) – suffragette went on hunger strike after being arrested for militancy
    • Olive Grace Walton (1886–1937) – suffragette
    • Elizabeth (Bessie) Watson (1900–1992) – child suffragette and piper
    • Mona Chalmers Watson (1872–1936) – physician and head of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps
    • Harriet Shaw Weaver (1876–1961) – political activist, magazine editor
    • Edith Splatt (1873?–1945) - dressmaker, journalist, councillor in Devon
    • Beatrice Webb (1858–1943) – sociologist, economist, socialist, labour historian, social reformer
    • Vera Wentworth (1890–1957) – went to Holloway for the cause and was force fed. She door stepped and then assaulted the Prime Minister twice. She wrote "Three Months in Holloway".
    • Rebecca West (1892–1983) – author, journalist, literary critic, travel writer
    • Olive Wharry (1886–1947) – artist, arsonist
    • Eliza Wigham (1820–1899) – suffragist and abolitionist
    • Jane Wigham (1801–1888) – suffragist and abolitionist
    • Ellen Wilkinson (1891–1947) – politician, Member of Parliament, served as Minister of Education
    • Gertrude Wilkinson (1851–1929) – militant suffragette and member of the Women's Social and Political Union
    • Laetitia Withall (1881–1963) – poet, author and militant suffragette
    • Celia Wray (1872–1954) – suffragette and architect
    • I.A.R. Wylie (1885–1959) – Australian writer, suffragette in UK, working on The Suffragette
    • Lucy Yates (1863–1935) – suffragist, writer
    • Alice Zimmern (1855–1939) – teacher, writer

    North America

    Bahamas

    • Mary Ingraham (1901–1982) – co-founder and president of the Bahamas Women's Suffrage Movement
    • Georgianna Kathleen Symonette (1902–1965) – co-founder of the Women's Suffrage Movement
    • Mabel Walker (suffragist) (1902–1987) – co-founder of the Women's Suffrage Movement

    Barbados

    • Nellie Weekes (1896–1990) – campaigner for women's involvement in politics, who ran for office in 1942, before women were allowed to vote in the country

    Canada

    • Edith Archibald (1854–1936) – writer who led the Maritime Women's Christian Temperance Union and the National Council of Women of Canada and the Local Council of Women of Halifax
    • Francis Marion Beynon (1884–1951) – Canadian journalist, feminist and pacifist
    • Laura Borden (1861–1940) – wife of Sir Robert Laird Borden, the eighth Prime Minister of Canada
    • Henrietta Muir Edwards (1849–1931) – women's rights activist and reformer
    • Helena Gutteridge (1879–1960) – first woman elected to city council in Vancouver
    • Gertrude Harding (1889–1977) – one of the highest-ranking and longest-lasting members of the Women's Social and Political Union
    • Anna Leonowens (1831–1915) – travel writer, educator and social activist
    • Elizabeth Roberts MacDonald (1864–1922) – writer; president, Women's Suffrage Association of Nelson, British Columbia
    • Nellie McClung (1873–1951) – politician, author, social activist, member of The Famous Five
    • Sarah Galt Elwood McKee (1842–1934) – social reformer and temperance leader
    • Louise McKinney (1868–1931) – politician, women's rights activist, Alberta legislature
    • Emily Murphy (1868–1933) – women's rights activist, jurist, author
    • Irene Parlby (1868–1965) – women's farm leader, activist, politician
    • Eliza Ritchie (1856–1933) – educator and member of the executive of the Local Council of Women of Halifax
    • Octavia Ritchie (1868–1948) – physician
    • Emily Stowe (1831–1903) – doctor, campaigned for the country's first medical college for women
    • Jennie Fowler Willing (1834–1916) – educator, author, preacher, social reformer, suffragist
    • Thérèse Forget Casgrain (1896–1981) – leader of the Quebec suffragist movement

    El Salvador

    • María Álvarez de Guillén (1889–1980) – novelist and inaugural member of the Inter-American Commission of Women
    • Rosa Amelia Guzmán – one of the first 3 women to gain a seat in the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador

    Haiti

    • Yvonne Sylvain (1907–1989) – first female doctor from Haiti and advocate for gender equality

    Honduras

    • Graciela Bográn (1896–2000) – educator, writer, women's rights activist

    Iceland

    • Bríet Bjarnhéðinsdóttir (1856–1940) – founded the first women's magazine and first suffrage organization in Iceland
    • Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason (1867–1941) – politician, suffragist, schoolteacher, gymnast

    Mexico

    • Hermila Galindo (1896–1954) – Mexican feminist, secretary to President Venustiano Carranza and affected his views on women's rights
    • Margaret Davidson (1871–1964) – member of Women's Patriotic Association, named Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for her work with the Red Cross Society and the Scouting and Girl Guides in New South Wales
    • Margaret Iris Duley (1894–1968) – considered Newfoundland's first novelist, member of Women's Patriotic Association
    • Julia Salter Earle (1878–1945) – suffragist, trade unionist, one of the first three women to run for St. John's Municipal Council
    • Armine Nutting Gosling (1861–1942) – member of Women's Patriotic Association, suffragette, founder and first Secretary of the Ladies Reading Room and Current Events Club, first female member of the Council of Higher Education in Newfoundland
    • Fannie Knowling McNeil (1869–1928) – suffragist, social activist, member of the Newfoundland Women's Franchise League, and co-founder of the Newfoundland Society of Art, one of the first three women to run for St. John's Municipal Council
    • Janet Morison Miller (1891–1946) – first woman added to the rolls of the Newfoundland Law Society
    • Mary Southcott (1862–1943) – nurse, hospital administrator and campaigner
    • Helena Squires (1879–1959) – social activist, first woman to win a seat in the Newfoundland House of Assembly

    Nicaragua

    • Josefa Toledo de Aguerri, also called Josefa Emilia Toledo Murillo (1866–1962) – Nicaraguan feminist, writer and reform pedagogue

    Panama

    • Elida Campodónico (1894–1960) – teacher, women's rights advocate, attorney, first woman ambassador in Latin America
    • Clara González (1898–1990) – feminist, lawyer, judge, and activist
    • Gumercinda Páez (1904–1991) – teacher, women's rights activist and suffragette, and Constituent Assemblywoman of Panama

    Puerto Rico

    • Isabel Andreu de Aguilar (1887–1948) – educator, helped establish the Puerto Rican Feminist League, was president of Puerto Rican Association of Women Suffragists, and first woman to run for Senate in PR
    • Rosario Bellber González (1881–1948) - educator, social worker, women's rights activist, suffragist, and philanthropist; president of the Social League of Suffragists of Puerto Rico (Spanish: La Liga Social Sufragista (LSS) de Puerto Rico)^{[25] [26] [27] [28]}
    • Milagros Benet de Mewton (1868–1948) – teacher who filed a lawsuit to press for suffrage
    • Carlota Matienzo (1881–1926) – teacher, one of the founders of the Puerto Rican Feminine League and the Suffragist Social League
    • Felisa Rincón de Gautier (1897–1994) – mayor of San Juan, first woman to hold post of mayor of a capitol city in the Americas

    Trinidad

    • Beatrice Greig (born 1869) – suffragist, writer and advocate

    United States

    See main article: List of American suffragists.

    United States Virgin Islands

    • Bertha C. Boschulte (1906–2004) – Secretary of the St. Thomas Teacher's Association, which sued for women's suffrage in the territory in 1935
    • Edith L. Williams (1887–1987) – first woman to attempt to register to vote in the US Virgin Islands

    South America

    Argentina

    • Cecilia Grierson (1859–1934) – the first woman physician in Argentina; supporter of women's emancipation, including suffrage
    • Julieta Lanteri (1873–1932) – physician, freethinker, and activist; the first woman to vote in Argentina
    • Alicia Moreau de Justo (1885–1986) – physician, politician, pacifist and human rights activist
    • Eva Perón (1919–1952) – First Lady of Argentina, created the first large female political party in the nation
    • Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane (1867–1954) – physician, activist for women's and children's rights; co-founder of the Association Pro-Derechos de la Mujer

    Brazil

    • Leolinda de Figueiredo Daltro (1859–1935) – teacher and indigenous' rights activist; co-founder of the Feminine Republican Party
    • Celina Guimarães Viana (1890–1972) – Brazilian professor and suffragist; first woman to vote in Brazil
    • Ivone Guimarães (1908–1999) – Brazilian professor and activist for women's suffrage
    • Jerônima Mesquita (1880–1972) – co-founder of the Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Feminino
    • Carlota Pereira de Queirós (1892–1982) – the first woman to vote and be elected to the Brazilian parliament
    • Marie Rennotte (1852–1942) – Native Belgian, naturalized Brazilian teacher and lawyer who founded the Aliança Paulista pelo Sufrágio Feminino with Carrie Chapman Catt's help
    • Miêtta Santiago (1903–1995) – Brazilian writer, poet, and lawyer; challenged the constitutionality of the ban on women voting in Brazil
    • Maria Werneck de Castro (1909–1993) – lawyer, militant communist, feminist, and supporter of women's suffrage

    Chile

    • Celinda Arregui (1864–1941) – feminist politician, writer, teacher, suffrage activist
    • María de la Cruz (1912-1995) – political activist, journalist, writer, political commentator, first woman elected to the Chilean senate
    • Henrietta Müller (1846–1906) – Chilean-British women's rights activist and theosophist
    • Marta Vergara (1898–1995) – co-founder of MEMch; Inter-American Commission of Women delegate

    Colombia

    • Lucila Rubio de Laverde (1908–1970) – co-founder of the suffrage organizations, Unión Femenina de Colombia (Women's Union of Colombia) (UFC) and the Alianza Femenina de Colombia (Women's Alliance of Colombia)
    • María Currea Manrique (1890–1985) – co-founder of the suffrage organizations, Unión Femenina de Colombia (Women's Union of Colombia) (UFC) and the Alianza Femenina de Colombia (Women's Alliance of Colombia)

    Peru

    • Aurora Cáceres (1877–1958) – writer and suffragist

    Uruguay

    • Paulina Luisi Janicki (1875–1949) – leader of the feminist movement in Uruguay, first Uruguayan woman to earn a medical degree in Uruguay (1909)

    Venezuela

    • Carmen Clemente Travieso (1900–1983) – journalist and women's rights activist

    See also

    • Anti-suffragists
    • List of civil rights leaders
    • List of democracy and elections-related topics
    • List of feminists
    • List of monuments and memorials to women's suffrage
    • List of women's rights activists
    • Open Christmas Letter
    • Seneca Falls Convention
    • Suffrage Hikes
    • Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries
    • Timeline of women's rights (other than voting)
    • Timeline of women's suffrage
    • Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States
    • Women's suffrage in Australia
    • Women's suffrage in Japan
    • Women's suffrage in New Zealand
    • Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
    • Women's suffrage in Scotland
    • Women's suffrage in the United States

    References

    Sources

    • Book: Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries . . 2006 . 978-963-7326-39-4 . de Haan . Francisca . Francisca de Haan . Budapest, Hungary . Daskalova . Krasimira . Loutfi . Anna.

    ]

    .