List of strikes explained

The following is a list of specific strikes (workers refusing to work, seeking to change their conditions in a particular industry or an individual workplace, or striking in solidarity with those in another particular workplace) and general strikes (widespread refusal of workers to work in an organized political campaign on a broader national or international level).

Chronological list of strikes

Seventeenth century

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1619Polish craftsmen's strikeJamestownThirteen Colonies
1661Indentured Servants' PlotVirginia colonyThirteen Colonies

Eighteenth century

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1766Silver miners' strikeMineral del MonteMexico
1787Weavers' strikeCalton, GlasgowScotland

Nineteenth century

1800–1849

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1818 Manchester Mill Worker's StrikeNew HampshireUnited States
1824 Slater's Mill Women's StrikeRhode IslandUnited States
1828 New Hampshire Mill Women's StrikeNew HampshireUnited States
1833Four pennies riotAnzinFrance
1834 Lowell Massachusetts Mill Women's StrikeLowell, MassachusettsUnited States
1835United States
18351835 Washington Navy Yard labor strikeWashington Navy Yard, Washington D.C.United States
1835 New England Mill StrikeNew EnglandUnited States
1835 Philadelphia General StrikePhiladelphiaUnited States
1836 Lowell Massachusetts Mill Women's StrikeLowell, MassachusettsUnited States

1850–1899

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1853–1854Preston strike of 1853–1854Preston, LancashireUnited Kingdom
1859London builders' strikeLondonUnited Kingdom
1860New England Shoemakers Strike of 1860Lynn, MassachusettsUnited States
1864Collar Laundry Union strike[3] Troy, New YorkUnited States
1865Upper Peninsula miners' strikeUnited States
1867Chinese Labor Strike of 1867[4] United States
1870North Adams strikeNorth Adams, MassachusettsUnited States
1872Gas Stokers' strikeLondonUnited Kingdom
1872Metropolitan Police strike of 1872LondonUnited Kingdom
1873Coal miners' strike of 1873northeastern Ohio, northwestern PennsylvaniaUnited States
1874New York CityUnited States
1877 nationwideUnited States[5]
1877–1878Cigar makers' strike of 1877New York CityUnited States
18811881 Atlanta washerwomen strikeAtlantaUnited States
1883Camp Dump strikeOmaha, NebraskaUnited States
1886nationwideUnited States
1886Chicago, IllinoisUnited States
1886Bay View massacreMilwaukee, WisconsinUnited States
1887Thibodaux massacre (sugar cane workers' strike)United States
1888Chicago, Burlington and Quincy RailroadUnited States
1888Matchgirls' strikeLondonUnited Kingdom
1889London dock strikeLondon, EnglandUnited Kingdom
1889Kristiania match workers' strike of 1889OsloSweden-Norway
1890Southampton, EnglandUnited Kingdom
1890MelbourneAustralia
1891QueenslandAustralia
1891Cotton pickers' strike of 1891Lee County, ArkansasUnited States
1891Coal Creek War (miners)United States
1892Broken HillAustralia
1892Homestead strike (steel workers)Homestead, PennsylvaniaUnited States
1892Buffalo switchmen's strikeBuffalo, New YorkUnited States
1892Coeur d'Alene, IdahoUnited States
1893UK miners' strikenationwideUnited Kingdom
1894Pullman, ChicagoUnited States
1894Great Northern Railway strikenationwideUnited States
1894nationwideUnited States
1895Yaroslavl Great Manufacture strikeYaroslavl, Yaroslavl GovernorateRussian Empire
1896Leadville miners' strikeLeadville, ColoradoUnited States
1897Lattimer, PennsylvaniaUnited States
1898South Wales coal strikeWalesUnited Kingdom
1899Coeur d'Alene labor confrontationCoeur d'Alene, IdahoUnited States
1899Weight Strike[6] Ybor City, Tampa, FloridaUnited States
1899New York CityUnited States
1899 St. Petersburg UniversityRussian Empire

Twentieth century

1900s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1900St. Louis streetcar strike of 1900St. Louis, MissouriUnited States
1900–1903 Penrhyn 'Streic Fawr' ('Great Strike)Bethesda, North WalesWales, UK
1900Anthracite coal strikeEastern PennsylvaniaUnited States
1901U.S. Steel recognition strike of 1901Homestead, PennsylvaniaUnited States
1902Anthracite coal strikeIllinois, Mississippi and TexasUnited States
1903Oxnard strike of 1903Oxnard, CaliforniaUnited States
1903Carbon County StrikeCarbon County, UtahUnited States
1903–1904Colorado Labor Wars, Western Federation of MinersColoradoUnited States
1906Cananea strikeSonora, MexicoMexico
1907Music Hall Strike of 1907[7] LondonUnited Kingdom
1907Boston garment worker strike[8] BostonUnited States
1907Belfast Dock strikeBelfastIreland
1907Orizaba, VeracruzMexico
1907San Francisco, CaliforniaUnited States
1907Languedoc, Pyrénées-OrientalesFrance
1908Pensacola streetcar operators' strikePensacola, FloridaUnited States
1909Georgia Railroad strikeGeorgiaUnited States
1909Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909McKees Rocks, PennsylvaniaUnited States
1909New York shirtwaist strike of 1909 "Uprising of the 20,000"Manhattan, New YorkUnited States

1910s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1910–1911Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911Westmoreland County, PennsylvaniaUnited States
1910–1911Tampa cigar makers' strike of 1910–11[9] Tampa, FloridaUnited States
1910Clockmakers' strike[10] New York CityUnited States
1910–19111910 Chicago garment workes' strikeChicagoUnited States
19111911 Liverpool general transport strikeLiverpool, MerseysideUnited Kingdom
1911Illinois Central shopmen's strike of 1911Illinois, Mississippi and TexasUnited States
19111911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strikeGrand Rapids, MichiganUnited States
19121912 Lawrence textile strike, also called the "Bread and Roses" strikeLawrence, MassachusettsUnited States
1912Waihi miners' strikeWaihiNew Zealand
1911–1912Louisiana-Texas Lumber War of 1911–1912Eastern LouisianaUnited States
1912Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912Kanawha County, West VirginiaUnited States
19121912 New York City waiters' strikeNew York CityUnited States
1912–1913 1912–1913 Little Falls textile strikeLittle Falls, New YorkUnited States
1912–13Seattle Fishermen halibut strike of 1912Seattle, WashingtonUnited States
19131913 El Paso smelters' strikeEl Paso, TexasUnited States
1913Dublin strike and lockoutDublinIreland
1913Ludlow MassacreLudlow, ColoradoUnited States
1913Paterson silk strikePaterson, New JerseyUnited States
19131913 Sligo Dock strikeSligoIreland
1913Leith dockers' strike of 1913Leith, Edinburgh, ScotlandUnited Kingdom
19131913 Great StrikenationwideNew Zealand
1913Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913Indianapolis, IndianaUnited States
1913–1914Copper Country strike of 1913–1914Upper MichiganUnited States
1914–1939Bursdon teachers' strikeBurston, NorfolkEngland
1914–19151914–1915 Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills strikeAtlantaUnited States
1915–16Bayonne refinery strikesBayonne, New JerseyUnited States
1915–171915–1917 Wheelbarrow Mine strikeJohnson County, ArkansasUnited States
19161916 Atlanta streetcar strikeAtlantaUnited States
1916–19171916–1917 northern Minnesota lumber strikeMinnesotaUnited States
1917The Great StrikenationwideAustralia
1917–19nationwideBrazil
19171917 Twin Cities streetcar strikeMinneapolis–Saint PaulUnited States
1918BLE strike in New York CityNew York CityUnited States
1918–19British police strikes in 1918 and 1919nationwideUnited Kingdom
1918-201918-1920 New York City rent strikesNew York CityUnited States
1919Battle of George SquareGlasgowScotland
1919US Strike wave of 1919nationwideUnited States
1919La Canadiense strikeCataloniaSpain
1919Florida Pebble StrikeMulberry, FloridaUnited States
1919Boston cigar makers' strike of 1919BostonUnited States
19191919 Actors' Equity Association strikenationwideUnited States
1919Los Angeles streetcar strike of 1919[11] Los Angeles, CaliforniaUnited States
19191919 Actors' Equity Association strikeNew York CityUnited States
1919Boston Police StrikeBoston, MassachusettsUnited States
1919Steel strike of 1919Homestead, PennsylvaniaUnited States
1919Coal strikenationwideUnited States

1920s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1920Battle of MatewanMatewan, West VirginiaUnited States
19201920 Alabama coal strikeAlabamaUnited States
19201920 French railway strikesnationwideFrance
1920Denver streetcar strike of 1920Denver, ColoradoUnited States
1920Oahu sugar strike of 1920Oahu, HawaiiTerritory of Hawaii
1921Kronstadt rebellionKronstadtRussian SFSR
1921Black Friday (1921) (expected strike not called)nationwideUnited Kingdom
1921Battle of Blair MountainLogan County, West VirginiaUnited States
1922 New England Textile StrikeNortheastUnited States
1922UMW General coal strikenationwideUnited States
1922Herrin massacreHerrin, IllinoisUnited States-1922Railroad Shopmen's StrikenationwideUnited States -->
1922Great Railroad Strike of 1922nationwideUnited States
19221922 seamen's strikecitywideHong Kong
19231923 San Pedro maritime strikeSan Pedro, Los Angeles, CaliforniaUnited States
19231923 Victorian police strikeMelbourne, VictoriaAustralia
1924Hanapepe massacreKauai, HawaiiUnited States
1925Ammanford anthracite strikeAmmanford, CarmarthenshireWales
1925–1926Canton-Hong Kong strikeGuangzhou and Hong KongChina and Hong Kong
19261926 United Kingdom general strikeNationwideUnited Kingdom
19261926 Passaic textile strikePassaic, New JerseyUnited States
19271927 Indiana bituminous strikenationwideUnited States
1927Columbine Mine massacreSerene, ColoradoUnited States
19281928 New Bedford textile strikeNew Bedford, MassachusettsUnited States
1928Banana massacrenationwideColombia
19291929 Australian timber workers' strikenationwideAustralia
1929Lupeni Strike of 1929Lupeni, HarghitaRomania
19291929 New Orleans streetcar strikeNew Orleans, LouisianaUnited States
1929Rothbury RiotNorth Rothbury, New South WalesAustralia
1929Gastonia, North CarolinaUnited States

1930s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1930Imperial Valley lettuce strike of 1930Imperial Valley, CaliforniaUnited States
1930Phú Riềng ĐỏBiên Hòa ProvinceFrench Indochina
1931Tampa cigar makers' strike of 1931Tampa, FloridaUnited States
1931Santa Clara cannery strikeSanta Clara, CaliforniaUnited States
1931Ådalen shootingsÅdalenSweden
1931Harlan County WarHarlan County, KentuckyUnited States
1931Invergordon MutinyInvergordonUnited Kingdom
1932Shunjuen IncidentTokyoJapan
1932Century Airlines pilots' strikeChicago, IllinoisUnited States
1932Ford Hunger MarchDetroit, MichiganUnited States
1932Griviţa strike of 1933BucharestRomania
1933Briggs Manufacturing Company strikeDetroit, MichiganUnited States
1933California agricultural strikes of 1933CaliforniaUnited States
1934Kohler strikeSheboygan, WisconsinUnited States
19341934 New York hotel strikeNew York CityUnited States
1934Auto-Lite strikeToledo, OhioUnited States
1934Minneapolis general strike of 1934Minneapolis, MinnesotaUnited States
19341934 West Coast waterfront strikeU.S. West CoastUnited States
1934United Fruit banana strikenationwideCosta Rica
1934Textile workers' strike (1934)New England, Mid-Atlantic region and U.S. southern statesUnited States
1934Asturian miners' strike of 1934AsturiaSpain
1934–351934–35 Milwaukee sales clerks' strike[12] MilwaukeeUnited States
1935Battle of Ballantyne PierVancouver, British ColumbiaCanada
1935Copperbelt strike (1935)Copperbelt ProvinceNorthern Rhodesia
1935Pacific Northwest lumber strikeU.S. Pacific NorthwestUnited States
1935On-to-Ottawa TrekVancouver, British ColumbiaCanada
19351935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strikeU.S. Gulf CoastUnited States
1936nationwideVenezuela
1936Flint sit-down strikeFlint, MichiganUnited States
1936Gulf Coast maritime workers' strikeU.S. Gulf CoastUnited States
1936SS California strikeSan Pedro, CaliforniaUnited States
1936–37Remington Rand strike of 1936–1937New York CityUnited States
19371937 Fleischer Studios strikeNew York CityUnited States
1937Little Steel strike including Memorial Day massacre of 1937nationwideUnited States
19371937 Lewiston–Auburn shoe strikeLewiston, Maine and Auburn, MaineUnited States
1937London busmen's strikeLondonUnited Kingdom
19381938 San Antonio pecan shellers strikeSan AntonioUnited States
1938Hilo massacreHilo, HawaiiTerritory of Hawaii
1939Tool and die strike of 1939Detroit, MichiganUnited States

1940s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1941February StrikenationwideNetherlands
1941Disney animators' strikeBurbank, CaliforniaUnited States
19421942 Betteshanger miners' strikeBetteshanger, KentUnited Kingdom
1942Quit India movementnationwideIndia
1942–441942-44 musicians' strikenationwideUnited States
19431943 Rolls-Royce strikeHillington, ScotlandUnited Kingdom
1944Philadelphia Transit StrikePhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaUnited States
1944Port Chicago mutinyPort Chicago, CaliforniaUnited States
1945Hollywood Black FridayHollywood, CaliforniaUnited States
1945–46Strike wave of 1946nationwideUnited States
1945–461945–1946 Charleston Cigar Factory strikeCharleston, South CarolinaUnited States
1946African Mine Workers' StrikenationwideSouth Africa
19461946 Montreal Cotton StrikeMontreal, QuebecCanada
19461946 Pilbara strikePilbaraWestern Australia
1946The Great Hawaiian Sugar Strike of 1946Hawaii nationwideTerritory of Hawaii
19461946 Palestine general strikenationwideMandatory Palestine
1947Biratnagar Jute Mill StrikeBiratnagarKingdom of Nepal
1947Telephone StrikenationwideUnited States
19481948 Queensland Railway strikeQueenslandAustralia
19481948 United States Meatpacking strike[13] nationwideUnited States
1948Goodyear strikeAkron, OhioUnited States
19481948 Caterpillar strikePeoria, IllinoisUnited States
1948Boeing Strike of 1948Seattle, WashingtonUnited States
19481948 Miami Garment workers strike[14] Miami, FloridaUnited States
1949Asbestos StrikeAsbestos, QuebecCanada
19491949 Calvary Cemetery strikeNew York CityUnited States
19491949 East German State Railway strikeBerlinEast Germany
19491949 New York City taxicab strikeNew York CityUnited States
19491949 New York City brewery strikeNew York CityUnited States
19491949 Australian coal strikenationwideAustralia
19491949 Kemi strikeKemiFinland
1949Puget Sound fishermen's strike of 1949Puget Sound, WashingtonUnited States

1950s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1950nationwideVenezuela
1950Atlanta transit strike of 1950AtlantaUnited States
1951New Zealand waterfront strikenationwideNew Zealand
1951Barcelona tram strikeBarcelona, CataloniaSpain
19511951 Aliquippa steelworkers strike[15] Aliquippa, PennsylvaniaUnited States
19511951 Caterpillar strikeEast Peoria, IllinoisUnited States
19521952 steel strikenationwideUnited States
19531953 Milwaukee brewery strikeMilwaukeeUnited States
1953The Hartal of 1953nationwideSri Lanka
1955Hock Lee bus riotsSingaporeRepublic of Singapore
1956Poznań protests of 1956Cegielski FactoriesPolish People's Republic
1957Murdochville strikeMurdochville, QuebecCanada
19571957 Long Island strike[16] Long Island, New YorkUnited States
19571957 Western Electric strikenationwideUnited States
1958–591958–59 Mexican railroad strike[17] nationwideMexico
1959Steel strike of 1959nationwideUnited States

1960s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
19601960 Writers Guild of America strikeHollywood, CaliforniaUnited States
1960Miike StruggleŌmuta, Fukuoka and Arao, KumamotoJapan
19621962 New York City newspaper strikeNew York CityUnited States
1962Novocherkassk strikeNovocherkassk Electric Locomotive PlantSoviet Union
1963Reesor Siding Strike of 1963Reesor, OntarioCanada
19641964 Mount Isa Mines StrikeMount Isa, QueenslandAustralia
1964–651964–1965 Scripto strikeAtlantaUnited States
1965–70Delano grape strikeDelano, CaliforniaUnited States
19661966 New York City transit strikeNew York CityUnited States
1966–73Gurindji strikeKalkarindji, Northern TerritoryAustralia
1966Texas farm workers' strikeTexasUnited States
1966–67St. John's University strike of 1966–67New York CityUnited States
19671967 United States truckers strike[18] nationwideUnited States
1967Hong Kong 1967 Leftist RiotscitywideBritish Hong Kong
19671967 United States Railroad strikenationwideUnited States
1967September 1967 General Motors strikeDayton, OhioUnited States
19671967 Caterpillar strikeColorado, Illinois, Iowa, Ohio and PennsylvaniaUnited States
1967November 1967 General Motors strikePontiac, MichiganUnited States
1968May 1968 in FrancenationwideFrance
1968Memphis sanitation strikeMemphis, TennesseeUnited States
1968Chrysler wildcat strikeDetroit, MichiganUnited States
1968New York City Teacher's Strike of 1968New York CityUnited States
1968Florida statewide teachers' strike of 1968FloridaUnited States
19681968 NFL strike/lockoutFloridaUnited States
1969Unofficial strike by mineworkers over pay of surface workers[19] nationwideUnited Kingdom

1970s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
1970Dock Workers StrikeNationwideUnited Kingdom
1970U.S. Postal Service strike of 1970nationwideUnited States
1970–71Colour StrikenationwideUnited Kingdom
1970–71Salad Bowl strikenationwideUnited States
19711971 NYPD Work StoppageNew York CityUnited States
1971Longshore Strike (1971, U.S.)U.S. West Coast Hawaii and British ColumbiaUnited States and Canada
19711971 United Kingdom postal workers strikenationwideUnited Kingdom
19721972 Major League Baseball strikenationwideUnited States
1972UK building workers' strike (1972)Shrewsbury, ShropshireUnited Kingdom
1972UK miners' strike (1972)nationwideUnited Kingdom
1972Chile truckers' strikenationwideChile
19731973 New York City gravediggers' strikeNew York CityUnited States
19731973 Philadelphia teachers strikePhiladelphiaUnited States
19731973 Kings Cross strippers' strikeKings Cross, New South WalesAustralia
19731973 Durban strikesNatalSouth Africa
19731973 Chicago teachers strike[20] ChicagoUnited States
19731973 Cleveland teachers strikeClevelandUnited States
19731973 Pennsylvania Central Transportation strikeNortheastern United StatesUnited States
19731973 Detroit teachers strikeDetroitUnited States
19731973 Chrysler strikenationwideUnited States
19731973 Caterpillar strikenationwideUnited States
19741974 railway strike in India by 17 million workers of Indian Railways[21] [22] [23] [24] nationwideIndia
19741974 Elliot Lake miners strikeElliot LakeCanada
1974Bituminous Coal Strike of 1974nationwideUnited States
1974Ulster Workers' Council StrikenationwideNorthern Ireland
1974UK miners' strike (1974)nationwideUnited Kingdom
19741974 NFL strikenationwideUnited States
1976–77Grunwick DisputeLondonEngland
19771977 Atlanta sanitation strikeAtlantaUnited States
19771977 Latrobe Valley power strike[25] VictoriaAustralia
1977–78Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977–1978nationwideUnited States
1977–781977–78 Coors strikeGolden, ColoradoUnited States
19781978 New York City newspaper strikeNew York CityUnited States
1978Sudbury Strike of 1978Sudbury, OntarioCanada
1978–79Winter of DiscontentnationwideUnited Kingdom
19791979 Boston University strikeBostonUnited States

1980s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
19801980 Lublin strikesLublinPoland
1980Gdańsk Shipyard StrikeGdańskPoland
1980Upper Silesia 1980 strikesJastrzębie-ZdrójPoland
19801980 actors strikenationwide (primarily Hollywood)United States
19811981 Schlitz strikeMilwaukeeUnited States
1981Air traffic controllers' strike/Professional Air Traffic Controllers OrganizationnationwideUnited States
1981Bydgoszcz eventsBydgoszczPoland
19811981 Writers Guild of America strikeHollywood, CaliforniaUnited States
19811981 Major League Baseball strikenationwideUnited States
19811981 strike at the Piast Coal Mine in BieruńBieruńPoland
19811981 Milwaukee Police strikeMilwaukeeUnited States
1982Great Bombay textile strikeMumbaiIndia
19821982 animators' strikeGreater Los AngelesUnited States
19821982 NFL strikenationwideUnited States
19821982 garment workers' strike[26] New York CityUnited States
19831983 SEPTA Regional Rail strikeGreater PhiladelphiaUnited States
1983Arizona Copper Mine Strike of 1983Greenlee County, ArizonaUnited States
19831983 Greyhound Bus Lines strike in SeattleSeattleUnited States
1984Battle of OrgreaveOrgreave, South YorkshireEngland
1984Cammell Laird Shipyard OccupationBirkenheadUnited Kingdom
1984–85UK miners' strike (1984–1985)nationwideUnited Kingdom
19851985 Pan Am strikenationwideUnited States
1985–861985–86 Hormel strikeAustin, MinnesotaUnited States
1985–871985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strikeWatsonville, CaliforniaUnited States
1985–861985–1986 New Bedford fishermen's strikeNew Bedford, MassachusettsUnited States
1985Mudginberri disputeNorthern TerritoryAustralia
19851985 Major League Baseball strikenationwideUnited States and Canada
1986Dollar Sweets disputeState of VictoriaAustralia
1986Guilford Transportation Industries railroad workers' strikeNorth Billerica, MassachusettsUnited States
1986Major Indoor Soccer League lockoutnationwideUnited States
1986Wapping disputeLondonEngland
1987International Paper strikeCorinth, New YorkUnited States
19871987 NFL strikenationwideUnited States
1987Metro Toronto Elementary Teacher's StrikeToronto, OntarioCanada
19881988 Writers Guild of America strikeHollywood, CaliforniaUnited States
19881988 Polish strikesnationwidePoland
19881988 United Kingdom postal workers strikenationwideUnited Kingdom
19891989 Kosovo miners' strikeSAP KosovoSFR Yugoslavia
19891989 Australian pilots' strikenationwideAustralia
1989–90Pittston Coal strikePittston, PennsylvaniaUnited States
1989–93Donbas miners' strikesUkrainian SSRSoviet Union
1989–901989–90 British ambulance strikeNationwideUnited Kingdom

1990s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
19901990 Major League Baseball lockoutnationwideUnited States
1990Mandal Commission protests of 1990 (India, 1990)MandalIndia
1991Frontier Hotel Culinary Workes (Las Vegas, US 1991–1998)Las VegasUnited States
19911991 Belarusian strikesByelorussian Soviet Socialist RepublicSoviet Union
19911991 Public Service Alliance of Canada Strike[27] OttawaCanada
19921992 United States railroad strikenationwideUnited States
19921992 NHL strikenationwideCanada and United States
1992Southern California drywall strikeSouthern CaliforniaUnited States
1993Timex strikeDundeeScotland
1994–951994–95 Major League Baseball strikenationwideCanada and United States
1994–951994–95 NHL lockoutnationwideCanada and United States
1994San Francisco newspaper strike of 1994San Francisco, CaliforniaUnited States
19951995 Boeing StrikeWashington State (Everett/Seattle/Renton)United
1995–97Detroit Newspaper StrikeDetroit, MichiganUnited States
19951995 strikes in FrancenationwideFrance
19951995 NBA lockoutnationwideCanada and United States
1995–98Liverpool dockers' strike (1995–98)Liverpool, MerseysideEngland
19961996 NBA lockoutnationwideCanada and United States
1996–971996–1997 strikes in South KoreanationwideSouth Korea
1996–971996 NBA lockoutnationwideCanada and United States
1996–97Donbas miners' strikesDonbasUkraine
19971997 UPS Strike (U.S.)nationwideUnited States
19971997 Ontario teachers strikeOntarioCanada
19981998 Australian waterfront disputeMelbourne, Brisbane, Fremantle and SydneyAustralia
19981998 Russian miners' strikeKomi Republic, Kemerovo Oblast, Rostov OblastRussia
1998Donbas miners' strikesLuhansk OblastUkraine
1998–991998–99 NBA lockoutnationwideCanada and United States
19991999 UNAM strikeMexico CityMexico

Twenty-first century

2000s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
2000Verizon StrikenationwideUnited States
20002000 commercial actors strikeHollywoodUnited States
2001Jeffboat wildcat strikeJeffersonville, IndianaUnited States
2001National Gallery of CanadaOttawa, OntarioCanada
2001–2003Friction Dynamics - T&G UnionCaernarfon, WalesUnited Kingdom
2002UK Firefighter strike 2002nationwideUnited Kingdom
2003Scottish Nursery Nurses StrikenationwideScotland
20032003 Broadway Musicians StrikeNew York CityUnited States
20032003 June 15 Hospitality workers at the Congress Plaza Hotel.[28] Chicago, IllinoisUnited States
2003–2004Southern California supermarket strike of 2003–2004Southern CaliforniaUnited States
2004–20052004–05 NHL lockoutnationwideUnited States and Canada
2005Bolivian Gas WarnationwideBolivia
20052005 New York City transit strikeNew York CityUnited States
2006Dhaka strikesDhakaBangladesh
20062006 labor protests in FrancenationwideFrance
20062006 Oaxaca protestsOaxacaMexico
2006Auckland, Palmerston North and ChristchurchNew Zealand
2006South Korean railroad strike of 2006nationwideSouth Korea
20062006 Toronto Transit Commission wildcat strikeToronto, OntarioCanada
2006University of Miami Justice for Janitors campaignCoral Gables, FloridaUnited States
20072007 Freightliner wildcat strikePortland, OregonUnited States
20072007 South African public servants' strikenationwideSouth Africa
20072007 Israeli teachers' strikenationwideIsrael
20072007 Orange County transit strikeOrange, CaliforniaUnited States
2007Hayward teachers strikeHayward, CaliforniaUnited States
20072007 General Motors strikeDetroit, MichiganUnited States
20072007 UK postal strikesnationwideUnited Kingdom
20072007 Broadway Stagehand StrikeNew York CityUnited States
2007November 2007 strikes in FrancenationwideFrance
2007German national rail strike of 2007nationwideGermany
20072007 South Africa miners' strikenationwideSouth Africa
2007–20082007–2008 CBS News writers strikeNew York CityUnited States
2007–20082007–2008 Cork players strikeCounty CorkIreland
2007–20082007–2008 Writers Guild of America strikeHollywood, CaliforniaUnited States
2007–20082007–2008 Berlitz Japan Strike[29] Aoyama, TokyoJapan
20082008 British teacher's strikenationwideEngland
20082008 Toronto Transit Commission strikeToronto, OntarioCanada
20082008 VIVA bus operators strikenationwideCanada
2008Boeing Machinists Strike of 2008[30] Seattle, WashingtonUnited States
2008–20092008–2009 York University strikeYork, OntarioCanada
2008–2009Istanbul metalworkers' strike of 2008–2009IstanbulTurkey
20092009 Lindsey Oil Refinery strikesNorth Killingholme, LincolnshireEngland
2009Tonghua Iron and Steel Group riotTonghua, JilinChina
20092009 City of Toronto inside and outside workers strike[31] Toronto, OntarioCanada
20092009 Leeds refuse workers strikeCity of Leeds West YorkshireEngland
20092009 UK postal strikesnationwideUnited Kingdom

2010s

DateStrikePlaceCountry
20102010 University of Puerto Rico StrikeSan JuanPuerto Rico
20102010 Chinese autoworkers strike[32] Foshan and ZhongshanChina
20102010 Chinese labour unrestnationwideChina
20102010 Cambodian garment workers strike[33] Phnom PhenCambodia
20102010 Scottish football referee strikenationwideScotland
20102010 Spanish air traffic controllers strikenationwideSpain
20102010 Major League Soccer lockout/strikenationwideUnited States
20102010 Georgia prison strikeGeorgiaUnited States
2010–20112010–2011 Hanjin Heavy Industries strikenationwideSouth Korea and the Philippines
20112011 Shanghai Truckers strikeShanghaiChina
20112011 NBA lockoutnationwideUnited States and Canada
20112011 NFL lockoutnationwideUnited States
2011Zhanaozen massacreMangystau RegionKazakhstan
20112011 Israeli doctors' strikenationwideIsrael
20122012 NFL referee lockoutnationwideUnited States
2012–132012–13 NHL lockoutnationwideUnited States and Canada
20122012 Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach strikeLos Angeles and Long Beach, CaliforniaUnited States
20132013 Southern Weekly incidentGuangzhou, GuangdongChina
20132013 Hong Kong dock strikecitywideHong Kong
20132013 Colombian miners strike[34] Northern ColombiaColombia
2014Chinese Golf Factory Workers Strike for Essential RightsShenzhenChina
2014Tacoma nurses strike 2014Tacoma and Lakewood, WashingtonUnited States
20142014 South African platinum strikenationwideSouth Africa
20152015 United Steel Workers Oil Refinery Strike[35] California, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Texas and WashingtonUnited States
20152015 Kohler Strike[36] Kohler, WisconsinUnited States
20162016 Verizon workers' strike[37] New York CityUnited States
2016–20172016–2017 video game voice actor strike[38] Los Angeles, CaliforniaUnited States
20172017 Philippine jeepney drivers' strikenationwidePhilippines
2018–20192018–2019 teachers' strikes in the United StatesnationwideUnited States
20182018 York University strike

Teaching Assistants, Graduate Assistant, Research Assistant, and Contract Faculty Strike

York, OntarioCanada
20182018 Taylorsville Georgia-Pacific strikeTaylorsville, MississippiUnited States
20182018 DeKalb County School District bus drivers' strikeDeKalb County, GeorgiaUnited States
2018Brazil truck drivers' strikenationwideBrazil
2018Marriott Hotels strike[39] [40] Bethesda, MarylandUnited States
2018Jasic incidentShenzhen, GuangdongChina
2018–20192018–2019 education workers' strikes in the United StatesnationwideUnited States
20182018 Alabama Coca-Cola strikeAlabama and MississippiUnited States
20182018 Atlanta sanitation strikeAtlantaUnited States
2018–presentSchool strike for climateworldwideglobal
20182018–2020 UK higher education strikesnationwideUnited Kingdom
20192019 Los Angeles Unified School District teachers' strikeLos Angeles County, CaliforniaUnited States
2019Wright State University 2019 faculty strikeDayton, OhioUnited States
20192019 Portuguese fuel-tanker drivers' strikenationwidePortugal
20192019 Stop & Shop strikeMassachusetts, Rhode Island and ConnecticutUnited States
20192019 India doctors' strikeWest BengalIndia
20192019 Alaska ferry workers strikeAlaskaUnited States
20192019 AT&T strikeSouthern United StatesUnited States
2019–20202019–2020 French pension reform strikenationwideFrance

2020s

See also: Timeline of strikes in 2021, Timeline of strikes in 2022, Timeline of strikes in 2023 and Timeline of strikes in 2024.

DateStrikePlaceCountry
20202020 Santa Cruz graduate students' strikeSanta Cruz, CaliforniaUnited States
20202020 New Orleans sanitation strikeNew OrleansUnited States
20202020 Bath shipbuilders strikeBath, MaineUnited States
2020Strike for Black LivesNationwideUnited States
20202020 Port of Montreal strikeMontrealCanada
20202020 Michigan graduate students strikeAnn Arbor, MichiganUnited States
20202020 University of Illinois Hospital strikesChicagoUnited States
2020–20212020–2021 Alabama aluminum plant strikeMuscle Shoals, AlabamaUnited States
20212021 Hunts Point Produce Market strikeNew York CityUnited States
20212021 French labor protestsNationwideFrance
20212021 St. Paul Park refinery strikeSt. Paul Park, MinnesotaUnited States
20212021 Go North West strikeManchesterUnited Kingdom
20212021 St. Charles Bend strikeBend, OregonUnited States
20212021 Saint Vincent Hospital strikeWorcester, MassachusettsUnited States
2021–20222021–2022 Columbia University strikeNew York CityUnited States
20212021 Allegheny Technologies strikeNorthern United StatesUnited States
20212021 New York University strike[41] [42] New York CityUnited States
2021–20232021–2023 Warrior Met Coal strikeAlabamaUnited States
20212021 Minas Gerais prostitute strikeMinas GeraisBrazil
20212021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strikeDublin, VirginiaUnited States
20212021 Oregon Tech strikeOregonUnited States
20212021 Cook County nurses strike[43] [44] Cook County, IllinoisUnited States
20212021 Frito-Lay strikeTopeka, KansasUnited States
20212021 Nigerian doctors strikeNationwideNigeria
20212021 Nabisco strikeNationwideUnited States
20212021 Heaven Hill strikeBardstown, KentuckyUnited States
20212021 Washington state carpenters strike[45] [46] WashingtonUnited States
20212021 Mercy Hospital strikeBuffalo, New YorkUnited States
20212021 Kellogg's strikeNationwideUnited States
20212021 John Deere strikeNationwideUnited States
20212021 Kaiser Permanente strikeNationwideUnited States
20222022 UPM Paperworkers' strike[47] NationwideFinland
20222022 Minneapolis teacher's strikeMinneapolisUnited States
20222022 University of California academic workers' strikeCaliforniaUnited States
20222022 British barristers' industrial actionNationwideUnited Kingdom
20222022 BT Group strikesNationwideUnited Kingdom
20222022 Scotland bin strikesScotlandUnited Kingdom
2022–20242022–2024 United Kingdom railway strikesNationwideUnited Kingdom
2022–presentUnited Kingdom industrial disputes and strikes (2022–present)NationwideUnited Kingdom
2022–20232022–2023 National Health Service strikesNationwideUnited Kingdom
2022–20232022–2023 United Kingdom postal workers strikesNationwideUnited Kingdom
2022–20232022–2023 HarperCollins strikeNew York CityUnited States
20232023 transport strike in the PhilippinesNationwidePhilippines
2023University of Prince Edward Island faculty strikeCanada
20232023 French pension reform strikesNationwideFrance
20232023 Portuguese housing crisis strikesLisbonPortugal
20232023 German public transport strikeNationwideGermany
20232023 Temple University strikePhiladelphiaUnited States
20232023 Rutgers University strikeNew JerseyUnited States
20232023 Canadian federal worker strikeNationwideCanada
20232023 Writers Guild of America strikeHollywoodUnited States
20232023 Romanian teachers' strikeNationwideRomania
20232023 Manitoba Public Insurance StrikeManitobaCanada
20232023 SAG-AFTRA strikeHollywoodUnited States
20232023 United Auto Workers strikeNationwideUnited States
20242024 Canada Post strikeNationwideCanada

Chronological list of general strikes

DateNamePlaceCountry
1820Radical WarCentral Belt, ScotlandInfluenced by Radical demands for reform, especially among Scottish weavers
1835Philadelphia general strike of 1835Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSuccessful strike for a ten-hour work day and better wages
1842General Strike of 1842England and WalesChartist general strike against low wages originating from coal miners in Staffordshire before spreading to multiple industries in the Midlands as well as coal mines across the country.
18551855 Catalan general strikeCatalonia Spain
1862–1865General strike of slavesNationwideSlaves in the Southern United States stopped work and attempted to cross the frontlines of the American Civil War into Union territory, in what W.E.B. Du Bois held to be a crucial turning point in the war.[48]
1877Great Railroad Strike of 1877West Virginia, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, MissouriStrike by rail workers in a number of different states for wage increases; ended after 52 days with a suppression by the National Guard and local militias
1886Walloon jacquerie of 1886Wallonia
1892New Orleans general strike of 1892New Orleans, LouisianaSuccessful strike for a 10-hour day and overtime pay; notable for the participation of both white and black strikers
1893Belgian general strike of 1893MonsStrike by the Belgian Labour Party to pressure Prime Minister Auguste Beernaert's Catholic Party government to introduce universal male suffrage
19011901 Ybor City strikes[49] Ybor City, Tampa, FloridaUnited States
1902Geneva general strike of 1902Geneva
19041904 Italian general strikeNationwideItaly
19051905 Russian RevolutionNationwideGeneral strike by workers in the industrial centres of the Russian Empire; suppressed by the Imperial Russian Army.
1907Geneva general strike of 1907Geneva Switzerland
1907New Orleans General Levee Strike of 1907New Orleans United States
1909Tragic WeekBarcelona, Catalonia Spain
1909Swedish General StrikeNationwideUnsuccessful general strike called by the Swedish Trade Union Confederation
1910Philadelphia general strike of 1910Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaAmalgamated Transit Union strike of Philadelphia Transportation Company trolley workers which expanded into a citywide American Federation of Labor general strike, eventually leading to wage increases
1912Brisbane general strike of 1912Brisbane, QueenslandCaused when Australian Tramway Employees Union members were dismissed for wearing union badges; ended with Queensland Police Service attacks on labor marchers in Market Square leading to a public outcry and the strengthening of the Australian labour movement
1912Zürich general strike of 1912Zürich Switzerland
1917Australian general strike of 1917Nationwide Australia
1917Spanish general strike of 1917Nationwide Spain
19171917–1919 Brazil strike movementRio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Rio Grande do SulSeries of general strikes leading to an attempted anarchist uprising against the First Brazilian Republic.
19171917 Twin Cities streetcar strikeMinneapolis–Saint PaulSympathetic general strike held on December 13 in support of streetcar workers who had been engaged in a labor dispute for the past several weeks. Involved about 10,000 people.
1918Irish General Strike against ConscriptionIreland
1918Swiss general strike of 1918Nationwide
1918Vancouver general strikeVancouver, British ColumbiaGeneral strike caused by the arrest of Albert "Ginger" Goodwin, discontent over high living costs and low wages during World War I, and the October Revolution; ended with police attacks on union offices
1919La Canadenca strikeCatalonia Spain
1919Basel and Zürich general strike of 1919Basel and Zürich Switzerland
1919Seattle General StrikeSeattle, WashingtonIndustrial Workers of the World strike caused when the Emergency Fleet Corporation denied shipbuilders' demands for higher wages and intended to start a socialist revolution; contributed to the First Red Scare
1919Winnipeg general strikeWinnipeg, ManitobaGeneral strike ending with repression by the North-West Mounted Police but leading to the growth of the Canadian democratic socialist and labor movements.
1920Berlin general strikeBerlinGeneral strike encouraged by the government to resist an attempted overthrow of the Weimar Republic
1920Ruhr uprisingRuhrGeneral strike in support of the Social Democratic government before expanding into a mass labor uprising to establish a "dictatorship of the proletariat"; suppressed by the Freikorps and the Reichswehr
1920Romanian general strike of 1920Nationwide
1922Italian general strike of 1922NationwideUnsuccessful general strike intended to prevent a seizure of power by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party
1922Guayaquil general strikeGuayaquilEcuador
1926United Kingdom general strike of 1926Nationwide10-day general strike by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress to prevent wage reductions and worsened conditions for coal miners; ended without concessions or violence.
1926Sierra Leone railway strike of 1926Nationwide Sierra Leone
1932Geneva general strike of 1932Geneva Switzerland
19331933 Cuban general strikeNationwide, initially in HavanaThe strike would originally begin as a strike for bus drivers in Havana and would later grow to other sectors and spread throughout the country. The strike led to the resignation of President Gerardo Machado.[50]
19331933 Ecuadorian general strike[51] Quito, Riobamba
1933French general strike of 1933Nationwide
1934Portuguese general strike of 1934Nationwide
1934West Coast waterfront strike of 1934California, Oregon and Washington83-day general strike in support of the International Longshoremen's Association during the Great Depression; the success of the strike contributed to the growth of industrial unionism under the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
1934Minneapolis general strike of 1934Minneapolis, Minnesota
1934Auto-Lite strikeToledo, Ohio
1936French general strike of 1936Nationwide
1936Spanish Revolution of 1936Nationwide Spain
19361936 Syrian general strikeNationwide Syria
1936Palestinian general strikeNationwideGeneral strike coordinated by the Arab Higher Committee against Jewish settlement in Palestine; eventually led to the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine.
1938French general strike of 1938Nationwide
1941February strikeNationwide Netherlands
1942Luxembourgish general strike of 1942NationwideCampaign of passive resistance against the Nazi occupation during World War II.
1945Nigerian general strike of 1945Nationwide Nigeria
1946Royal Indian Navy mutinyNationwide
1946Oakland general strike of 1946Oakland, CaliforniaPart of the 1945-46 strike wave in the United States during the U.S. demobilization after World War II and the abolition of National War Labor Board restrictions, which contributed to the passage of the Taft–Hartley Act restricting union activities and strike actions.
1950Austrian general strikes of 1950Nationwide Austria
1950Belgian general strike of 1950NationwideOriginated over opposition to King Leopold III of Belgium being returned to throne after his refusal to leave Belgium with the government-in-exile during the Nazi occupation; ended with his agreement to abdicate and allow his son Baudouin to take the throne
1950Nairobi general strike of 1950Nairobi Kenya
1950Positive Action campaignNationwide Gold Coast
1952Casablanca Uprisings of 1952Casablanca Morocco
1953Ceylonese Hartal of 1953Nationwide
1953Uprising of 1953NationwideOriginated as strike by East Berlin construction workers against Sovietization work quotas before expanding to a broad revolt against the Soviet-sponsored Socialist Unity Party's rule; repressed by the Soviet Army and the Kasernierte Volkspolizei
1954General strike of 1954Nationwide Honduras
1956Finnish general strike of 1956NationwideSuccessful Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions general strike for higher wages
1960–61Belgian general strike of 1960–61WalloniaGeneral Labour Federation of Belgium general strike against Prime Minister Gaston Eyskens's austerity policies, especially the Unitary Law; contributed to the growth of the Walloon Movement
19661966 Burkina Faso general strikeNationwide
1968French general strike of May 1968NationwideStudent protests which escalated into a nationwide general strike which halted the French economy and continued with wildcat strikes after the Grenelle agreements granted higher wages, leading to fears of a revolution against Charles de Gaulle; ended with Gaullist counter-demonstrations and a vote of confidence from the National Assembly.
1971-72Namibian contract workers general strikeNationwideA general strike by workers under the contract labor system of what was then known as South West Africa (now Namibia) under the control of apartheid South Africa. The goal was to end the contract labor system due to slave like conditions and promote Namibian independence. It led to SWANLA being abolished & replaced with a less punitive but still repressive contract labor system. It also fueled the war for independence.
1972Québec general strike of 1972[52] Québec Canada
1973Uruguay general strike of 1973NationwideUnsuccessful general strike against the 1973 Uruguayan coup d'état, leading the civic-military dictatorship to ban trade unions.
1974Ulster Workers' Council strikeNorthern IrelandSuccessful Ulster loyalist general strike against the Sunningdale Agreement between Great Britain and Ireland, which would have attempted to resolve the Northern Ireland conflict by establishing a power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive and revived Council of Ireland
1975Icelandic women's strike of 1975Nationwide Iceland
1976Canadian general strike of 1976[53] [54] Nationwide
1976March 24 strikeNationwide
1978Iranian RevolutionNationwide
19791979 New Zealand general strikeNationwide New ZealandThe Federation of Labour holds a 24-hour general strike held to protest the Third National Government's intervention in the general drivers' award.[55] [56]
1984Uruguayan general strikes of 1984Nationwide UruguaySuccessfully ended the Uruguayan dictatorships by forcing free elections to occur under the threat of continued rolling 24 hour general strikes if not allowed.[57]
1988Spanish general strike of 1988NationwideWorkers' Commissions and Unión General de Trabajadores strike against the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party's policies under Prime Minister Felipe González
1989Velvet RevolutionNationwide
19901990 Moroccan general strike[58] Nationwide
1992April 1992 general strike in NepalNationwide
1995French general strikes of 1995Nationwide France
19981998 Danish general strike[59] Copenhagen
19981998 Puerto Rican general strikeNationwide 41-day general strike against the privatization of the Puerto Rico Telephone Company, accompanied by some violence and sabotage.
2000Cochabamba Water WarCochabamba
2002–2003Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003NationwideGeneral strike against President Hugo Chávez including a large contingent of PDVSA workers.
2003Bolivian gas conflictNationwide
2006Nepalese RevolutionNationwide
20072007 Guinea general strikeNationwideSuccessful general strike forcing President Lansana Conté to resign.
20072007 South African public servants' strikeNationwide South Africa
20072007 Swazi general strikeNationwide
20082008 Egyptian general strikeNationwideGeneral strike including large contingent of textile workers during the 2007–2008 world food price crisis
20092009 French Caribbean general strikesGuadeloupe
20112011 Oakland general strikeOakland, CaliforniaPart of the Occupy Oakland demonstrations
20122012 European general strikeCyprus, Malta, Portugal, Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Belgium
2016Indian general strike of 2016Nationwide24-hour general strike against Prime Minister Narendra Modi's economic policies
20172017 Brazilian general strikeNationwideGeneral strike against President Michel Temer's labor reform policies during the Brazilian economic crisis.
20172017 Catalan general strikeCataloniaGeneral strike in support of the Catalan independence movement, accompanied by police repression by the Spanish government.
20182018 Jordanian general strikeNationwideAnti-austerity general strike
2018–20192018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protestsNationwide
2018–presentSchool strike for climateGlobal VariousInternational movement of students skipping classes to support renewable energy and climate change mitigation
20192019 Catalan general strikeCatalonia Spain
20192019 Hong Kong general strikeNationwide Hong Kong
20192019 Indian General Strike[60] Nationwide India
2019Sudanese RevolutionNationwide Sudan
20202020–2021 Belarusian protestsNationwide Belarus
20202020 United States essential workers general strikeNationwideGeneral strike involving essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
2020Strike for Black LivesNationwideMass walkout in support of the George Floyd protests
20202020 Indian general strikeNationwidePreceded the 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest
20212021 Greek general strikeNationwide24-hour general strike against a bill in the Hellenic Parliament that would give employers more power in regards to their employees.[61]
20212021 Myanmar strikesNationwide Myanmar
2021StriketoberNationwide United States
20222022 Iranian general strikeNationwide3 day general strike in response to protestors killed by Iranian security forces.[62]
20222022 Kazakh unrestNationwide
20242024 Nigerian general strikeNationwideGeneral strike due to low minimum wage.[63]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The Black Death . BBC.
  2. News: The Story of a Strike . Birmingham Daily Post . 27 December 1893. 2 .
  3. Book: Loomis, Erik . 2020 . A History of America in Ten Strikes. 233 . . 978-1620976272.
  4. Web site: Ryan. Patrick Spaulding. 2022. Saving Face Without Words: A Confucian Perspective on The Strike of 1867.
  5. Web site: The great railroad strike, 1877 – Howard Zinn. libcom.org.
  6. Web site: Koepnick. Brian. 1996. Tampa's Historic Cigar Factories: Making a Case for Preservation.
  7. Book: Taylor, Boswell. Mastermind. 1984. 1984. 58, 136. Treasure Press. 0-907812-64-3.
  8. Web site: History Early Struggles. 2021-07-07. ilgwu.ilr.cornell.edu.
  9. Web site: Valenzuela. Ricardo R. Gonzales. Tampa Historical Team. 1910 Workers' Strike – The issue of "selectors" creates another strike in Tampa. 2021-05-15. Tampa Historical. en.
  10. Web site: July 6, 2011. July 7: The Great Revolt. July 7, 2021. Jewish Currents. en-US.
  11. Book: Defending Rights: Law, Labor Politics, and the State in California, 1890–1925. Wayne State University Press. 2002. Detroit, Michigan. 182. 0814330436. Google Books.
  12. Web site: White. Jonathan. January 24, 2013. Milwaukee sales clerks strike for wage increases, 1934. 2021-07-04. Global Nonviolent Action Database.
  13. Book: United States Department of Labor . Work Stoppages Caused by Labor-Management Disputes in 1948 . United States Government Printing Office . 1949 . Washington, D.C. .
  14. News: September 9, 1948. Florida Roundup: MIAMI STRIKE ENDS. Sarasota Herald-Tribune. May 20, 2021.
  15. Book: United States Department of Labor . Analysis of Work Stoppages During 1951 . United States . 1952 . Washington, D.C..
  16. Book: United States Department of Labor . Analysis of Work Stoppages: 1957 . United States Government Printing Office . 1958 . Washington, D.C..
  17. Web site: Mexican railroad workers strike for wages and union rights, 1958-1959 Global Nonviolent Action Database. 2021-07-04. Global Nonviolent Action Database.
  18. Book: United States Department of Labor . ANALYSIS OF WORK STOPPAGES 1967 . United States Government Printing Office . 1969 . Washington, D.C..
  19. Book: Douglas, David John . Pit Sense versus the State: A history of militant miners in the Doncaster area . 1994 . London . Phoenic Press . 11–12 . 0-948984-26-0 .
  20. Book: United States Department of Labor . Analysis of Work Stoppages, 1973 . United States Government Printing Office . 1975 . Washington, D.C..
  21. Web site: Welcome to Frontline : Vol. 29 :: No. 03 . Hinduonnet.com . 2012-02-11 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110219024133/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1819/18190750.htm . 2011-02-19 .
  22. INDIA: Strangulating Strike . https://web.archive.org/web/20081222065706/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,944832,00.html . dead . December 22, 2008 . Time . 1974-05-20 . 2012-02-11.
  23. http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1819/18190750.htm
  24. Railway Workers and Their Unions: Origins of 1974 Indian Railways Strike. Stephen Sherlock. Economic and Political Weekly. 24. 41. October 14, 1989. 2311–2315+2317–2319+2321–2322. Published by: Economic and Political Weekly. 4395459.
  25. Web site: Latrobe Valley's 1977 power strike – Solidarity Online . 8 September 2017 .
  26. Book: Bao . Xiaolan . Holding Up More Than Half the Sky: Chinese Women Garment Workers in New York City, 1948–92 . 3 . University of Illinois Press . 2001 . 9780252026317 .
  27. Web site: CBC . Canada's national strike in 1991 .
  28. News: Congress Hotel Strike Ends, 10-Year Strike Was Longest In The World. Huffington Post. 31 May 2013. 30 May 2013.
  29. Web site: The Japan Times – News on Japan, Business News, Opinion, Sports, Entertainment and More. The Japan Times.
  30. Web site: Simmering Boeing strike scorching both sides. The Seattle Times.
  31. News: Keep your trash, citizens told . The Star . Toronto . Vanessa . Lu . Donovan . Vincent . 22 June 2009 . 8 May 2010.
  32. Web site: Alicea. Julio. June 10, 2011. Chinese autoworkers strike to demand higher wages from Honda, 2010. August 20, 2021. Global Nonviolent Action Database.
  33. Web site: Alicea. Julio. November 28, 2010. Cambodian garment workers organize an industry strike for higher monthly wages, 2010. August 10, 2021. Global Nonviolent Action Database.
  34. Web site: Bunting. Ashleigh. December 22, 2013. Colombian miners go on 53-day strike for better wages and working conditions, 2013. August 20, 2021. Global Nonviolent Action Database.
  35. Web site: Welcome to The Oil Strike Newsletter. United Steelworkers. 2015-03-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070016/https://www.usw.org/union/mission/industries/oil/bargaining/welcome-to-the-oil-strike-newsletter. 2018-01-20. dead.
  36. News: Kohler workers reject offer, OK first union strike at company since 1983. 16 November 2015. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. November 15, 2015.
  37. 40,000 Verizon Workers Go On Strike url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/verizon-strike_us_570df081e4b03d8b7b9ed710
  38. News: More Than 100 SAG-AFTRA Videogame Strike Supporters Rally at Electronic Arts. McNary. Dave. 2016-10-24. Variety. en-US. 2016-10-25.
  39. News: 'One job should be enough': Marriott hotel workers' strike hits eight US cities. Philip. Drew. October 26, 2018. The Guardian. November 3, 2018.
  40. News: What You Need to Know About the Strike Against Marriott Hotels. Schwartz. Karen. October 31, 2018. The New York Times. November 3, 2018.
  41. News: Levin. Annie. June 2, 2021. How NYU's Grad Student Union Went on Strike—and Won. The Progressive. August 20, 2021.
  42. Web site: March 19, 2021. NYU GRADUATE WORKERS ANNOUNCE STRIKE VOTE. 2021-08-20. GSOC-UAW Local 2110. en-US.
  43. News: June 24, 2021. Cook County Nurses Go On Strike Over Staffing Issues. WBBM-TV. June 25, 2021.
  44. News: June 24, 2021. Cook County Nurses Strike for 1 Day Over Staffing Issues. WMAQ-TV. June 25, 2021.
  45. News: Fowler. Lilly. September 16, 2021. Thousands of carpenters in Washington state on strike. KNKX. September 23, 2021.
  46. News: Leon. Luis. September 15, 2021. After Voting Down Four Tentative Agreements, Washington Carpenters Strike. Labor Notes. September 23, 2021.
  47. News: February 24, 2022 . UPDATE 1-Strike at UPM's Finnish mills extended to April . . Digital . April 8, 2022.
  48. Web site: When Slaves Go on Strike: W.E.B. Du Bois's Black Reconstruction 80 Years Later . Mount . Guy Emerson . 28 December 2015 . Black Perspectives . 1 January 2023 . 31 May 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160531123016/https://www.aaihs.org/when-slaves-go-on-strike/ . live.
  49. Web site: Valenzuela. Ricardo R. Gonzales. Tampa Historical Team. 1901 Workers' Strike – Tampa's First General Strike. 2021-05-15. Tampa Historical. en.
  50. Web site: Lakey. George. Ensign. Olivia. Cubans general strike to overthrow president, 1933. 2021-07-04. Global Nonviolent Action Database.
  51. Web site: Miller-Walfish. Summer. December 22, 2010. Ecuadorians general strike against President Mera, 1933. 2021-07-04. Global Nonviolent Action Database.
  52. Web site: 1972: The Quebec general strike. 1 February 2017. 9 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210409141131/https://libcom.org/history/articles/quebec-general-strike-1972. live.
  53. Web site: The largest labour protest in Canadian history . Canadian Labour Congress . 14 October 2018.
  54. Web site: Léger . Raymond . October 14, 1976 – the Saint John General Strike . Frank & Ella Hatheway Labour Exhibit Centre . 6 May 2017 . 9 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210409141151/http://www.wfhathewaylabourexhibitcentre.ca/labour-history/october-14-1976-the-saint-john-general-strike/ . live .
  55. Web site: Derby . Mark . 11 March 2010 . Strikes and labour disputes – The decline of the arbitration system . Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  56. News: 21 September 1979 . Factories go out but offices and shops go on . 1 . .
  57. Web site: 1984: Uruguay General Strike libcom.org . 2023-07-25 . libcom.org . en.
  58. Web site: Moroccans general strike for higher wages, 1990. 2021-07-04. Global Nonviolent Action Database.
  59. Web site: Slusher. Margaret. March 21, 2013. Danish workers conduct general strike for gains in wages, jobs, and vacation days, 1998. September 23, 2021. Global Nonviolent Action Database.
  60. Web site: All-India General Strike is largest in world history. Martha. Grevatt. 14 January 2019. 6 February 2022. 6 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220206220656/https://www.workers.org/2019/01/40392/. live.
  61. News: Konstantinidis. Alkis. June 10, 2021. Thousands of Greeks protest 'monstrous' labour reform bill. Reuters. June 25, 2021.
  62. News: Wintour. Patrick . December 6, 2022. Iran: Mass strike starts as shopkeepers and lorry drivers across 40 cities participate in mass walkout. Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. December 16, 2022.
  63. News: Egbejule . Eromo . 2024-06-03 . Nigerian unions shut down national grid and airports as indefinite strike begins . 2024-06-06 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077.

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