List of states during the Middle Ages explained

Post-classical history (also called the post-classical era) is the period of time that immediately followed the end of ancient history. Depending on the continent, the era generally falls between the years AD 200–600 and AD 1200–1500. The name of this era of history derives from classical antiquity (or the Greco-Roman era) of Europe. Though, the everyday context in use is reverse (such as historians reference to Medieval China). In European history, "post-classical" is synonymous with the medieval time or Middle Ages, the period of history from around the 5th century to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period. The Medieval period is itself subdivided into the early, high, and late Middle Ages.

Europe

British Isles

England

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Angevin Empire	No official	Empire	1154–1242 AD
Dumnonia	Isca Dumnoniorum	Principality	360–710 AD
England	Winchester, London	Kingdom	927–1707 AD
East Angles	Rendlesham, Dommoc	Kingdom	6th century–918 AD
Essex	Rendlesham, Dommoc	Kingdom	527–825 AD
Haestingas	Hastings	Tribal kingdom	6th century–771 AD
Kent	Durovernum	Kingdom	488–871 AD
Lindsey	Lindum	Kingdom/Client	410–775 AD
Mercia	Tamworth	Kingdom	527–918 AD
Northumbria	Bamburgh	Kingdom	653–954 AD
North Sea Empire	Ribe	Personal union	1013–1042 AD
Sussex	Selsey	Kingdom	477–825 AD
Wessex	Winchester	Kingdom	519–1018 AD
Wihtwara	Wihtgarsburgh	Kingdom	512–686 AD

Scotland

Name	Capital	State type	Existed
Alba (Scotland)	Clogher	Kingdom	900–1286 AD
Cait		Tribal kingdom	25–871 AD
Ce		Tribal kingdom	1st century–900 AD
Dal Riada	Dunadd	Kingdom	501–878 AD
Fortriu		Tribal kingdom	1–850 AD
Galloway		Kingdom	c. 1000–1234 AD
Gododdin		Kingdom	5th–8th centuries AD
Mann and Isles		Kingdom	848–1266 AD
Moray		Kingdom	c. 970–1130 AD
Pictland		Kingdom	452–850
Scotland	Stirling, Edinburgh	Kingdom	843–1707 AD
Strathclyde	Dumbarton, Govan	Kingdom	450–1093 AD

Wales

Name	Capital	State type	Existed
Brycheiniog		Kingdom	450–1045 AD
Deheubarth	Dinefwr	Kingdom	920–1197 AD
Dyfed		Kingdom	410–910 AD
Gwent	Caerwent, Porth-is-Coed	Kingdom	420–1081 AD
Glywysing	Cardiff	Kingdom	490–1063 AD
Gwynedd	Various	Kingdom	420–1216 AD
Powys	Various	Kingdom	488–1160 AD
Wales	Aber Garth Celyn	Principality	1216–1542 AD

Ireland

Name	Capital	State type	Existed
Airgíalla	Clogher	Tribal Federation/kingdom	331–1590 AD
Brega		Kingdom	620–1013 AD
Breifne	Croghan	Kingdom	700–1256 AD
Desmond	Killarney	Kingdom	1118–1596 AD
Dublin	Dublin	Kingdom	853–1170 AD
East Breifne	Belturbet, Cavan	Kingdom	1256–1607 AD
Iar Connacht	Dromahair	Túatha/Kingdom	1051–1589 AD
Ireland	Dublin	Lordship	1171–1542 AD
Iveagh		Túath	4th century–1543 AD
Leinster		Kingdom	436–1632 AD
Mac William Íochtar	Kilmaine	Tanistry	1330–1602 AD
Meath	Dublin	Kingdom	1st century–1173 AD
Kingdom of Munster	Cork	Kingdom	1st century BC –1118 AD
Northern Uí Néill	various	Kingdom	420–1137 AD
Ossory	Kilkenny	Kingdom	150–1185 AD
Thomond	Ennis	Kingdom	1118–1543 AD
Tyrconnell	Dun na nGall	Kingdom	464–1607 AD
Uí Failghe	Rathangan, Daingean	Kingdom	507–1550 AD
Uí Fidgenti	Brugh Ríogh	Kingdom	4th–1th century AD
Uí Liatháin	Castlelyons	Kingdom	4th century–1220 AD
Uí Mháine	various	Túatha	357–1611 AD
Ulaid	various	Kingdom	400–1177 AD
West Breifne	Dromahair	Túatha	1256–1605 AD

France/Germany/Low Countries

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Angevin Empire	No official	Empire	1154–1242 AD
Austrasia	Metz	Kingdom	511–751 AD
Bavaria		Dukedom	508–788 AD
Béarn	Various	Viscounty	9th century–1620 AD
Bouillon	Bouillon	Dukedom	1456–1794 AD
Brabant	Brussels	Duchy	1183–1430 AD
Brittany	Various	Dukedom	939–1547 AD
Burgundy	Dijon	Dukedom	1032–1477 AD
Carantania	Karnburg	Principality	658–828 AD
Carolingian Empire	Aachen	Empire	800–888 AD
East Francia	Various	Kingdom	843–962 AD
France	Paris, Versailles	Kingdom	843–1792 AD
Frisia	Dorestad, Utrecht	Tribal kingdom	600–734 AD
Frisia (Upstalsboom Confederacy)		Confederacy	c. 1200–c. 1500 AD
Flanders	Various	Countship	862–1795 AD
Frankish Empire	Tournai, Paris	Kingdom/Empire	481–843 AD
Holland	The Hague	Countship	11th century–1795 AD
Holy Roman Empire	No official	Empire	962–1806 AD
Lorraine	Nancy	Dukedom	959–1766 AD
Lotharingia		Kingdom	855–959 AD
Middle Francia	Aachen	Kingdom	843–855 AD
Normandy	Rouen	Duchy	911–1259 AD
Old Saxony		Dukedom	758–804 AD
Pomerania	Various	Duchy	1121–1637 AD
Poher	Vorgium	Principality	520–936 AD
Saxons		Tribal confederation	5th century BC–754 AD
Swiss Confederacy	Various	Confederacy	c. 1300–1798
Terra Mariana	Various	Confederated bishopric principalities (religious)	1207–1561 AD
West Francia	Paris	Kingdom	843–987 AD

Scandinavia

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Denmark	Various	Kingdom	c. 900 AD–state exists today
Iceland	Þingvellir	Commonwealth (federation)	930–1262 AD
Kalmar	Copenhagen (from 1443)	Union	1397–1523 AD
North Sea Empire	Ribe	Personal union	1013–1042 AD
Kingdom of Norway	Various	Kingdom	872 AD–state exists today
Petty kingdoms of Norway	Various	Kingdoms	?–872 AD
Sweden	Various	Kingdom	c.970–state exists today

Balkans

Name	Capital/s	State type	Existed	Flag
Albania	Durrës	Principality	1328–1415 AD
Achaea	Andravida, Mystras	Principality	1205–1432 AD
Arbanon	Kruja	Principality	1190–1255 AD
Archipelago	Naxos	Duchy	1207–1579 AD
Argos & Nauplia	Nauplia	Lordship/client	1212–1388 AD
Arta	Arta	Despotate	1359–1416 AD
Athens	Athens	Duchy	1205–1458 AD
Bodonitsa	Benevento	Marquisate/client	1204–1414 AD
Kingdom of Bosnia	Various	Kingdom	1377–1463 AD
Byzantine Empire	Constantinople	Empire	395–1453 AD
First Bulgarian Empire	Pliska (681–893), Preslav (893–968/972), Skopje, Ohrid, Bitola (until 1018)	Empire	681–1018 AD
Second Bulgarian Empire	Tarnovo (1185 –1393) Vidin and Nikopol (1393–1396)	Empire	1185–1396 AD
Emirate of Crete	Chandax	Emirate	824–961 AD
Croatian duchy	Various	Principality	c. 800–925 AD
Croatia	Various	Kingdom	925–1102 AD
Dobruja	Karvuna	Despotate	1356–1411 AD
Duklja	Shkodër	Despotate	10th century–1186 AD
Latin Empire	Constantinople	Empire	1204–1261 AD
Despotate of Lovech	Lovech	Despotate	1330-1446 AD
League of Lezhë		Confederacy	1444–1479 AD
Lower Pannonia	Various	Principality/client	839–875 AD
Narentines		Tribal chiefdom/countship/dukedom	6th–10th centuries AD
Neopatras	Neopatras	Duchy	1319–1390
Lordship of Prilep	Prilep	Kingdom	1371–1395 AD
Ragusa	Ragusa	Republic	1358–1807 AD
Salona	Salona	Lordship	1212–1394
Principality of Serbia	Ras	Principality	7th century–c. 970
Grand Principality of Serbia	Ras	Grand Principality	c. 1080–1217
Kingdom of Serbia	Ras, Žiča, Prizren	Kingdom	1217–1346
Serbian Empire	Skopje, Prizren	Empire	1346–1371
Principality of Serbia	Kruševac	Principality	1371–1402
Serbian Despotate	Kuševac, Beograd, Smederevo	Despotate	1402–1459
Travunia	Trebinje	Principality/client	850–1482 AD
Thessalonica	Thessalonica	Kingdom	1204–1224 AD
Principality of Valona	Valona	Principality	1346–1417 AD
Vidin	Vidin	Tsardom	1356–1365 AD

Iberian Peninsula

Name	Capital/s	State type	Existed	Flag
Aragon	Jaca, Zaragoza	Kingdom	1162–1716 AD
Asturias	Various	Kingdom	718–924 AD
Castile	Various	Kingdom	1230–1516 AD
Catalonia	Barcelona	Principality	1162–1716 AD
Córdoba	Córdoba	Emirate	756–929 AD
Cordoba	Córdoba	Caliphate	929–1031 AD
Galicia	A Coruña	Kingdom	910–1833 AD
Hispanica	Girona?	Marquisate	795–801 AD
León	Leon	Kingdom	910–1230 AD
Majorca	Palma, Perpignan	Kingdom	1231–1715 AD
Navarre	Pamplona	Kingdom	824–1841 AD
County of Portugal	Guimarães, Coimbra	Kingdom	868–1139 AD
Portugal	Various	Kingdom	1139–1910 AD
Spain	Toledo, Madrid	Composite monarchy/Kingdom	1516 AD–state exists today
Taifa	Various	Confederation of kingdoms/principalities	1011–1571 AD
Valencia	Valencia	Kingdom	1238–1707 AD
Visigothic	Various	Kingdom	418–720 AD

Italy

Name	Capital/s	State type	Existed	Flag
Ancona	Ancona	Republic	100–1532 AD
Apulia and Calabria	Malfi, later Salerno	County	1043–1130 AD
Benevento	Benevento	Dukedom/Principality/Client	571–1074 AD
Capua	Capua	Principality	861–1139 AD
Ceva	Ceva	Marquisate	1125–1427 AD
Republic of Cospaia	Coapaia	Republic	1440–1826 AD
Florence	Florence	Republic	1115–1532 AD
Duchy of Gaeta	Gaeta	Duchy	839–1140 AD
Genoa	Genoa	Republic	1005–1797 AD
Lombard	Pavia	Kingdom	568–774 AD
Lucca	Lucca	Republic	1160–1805 AD
Milan	Milan	Duchy	1395–1796 AD
Naples	Naples	Duchy	661–1137 AD
Republic of Noli	Noli	Republic	1192–1797
Papal	Rome	Pontifical states	754–1870 AD
Republic of Pisa	Pisa	Republic	1000–1406
Salerno	Salerno	Principality	851–1077 AD
San Marino	San Marino	Republic	301 AD–state exists today
Sardinian kingdoms	Various	Various Kingdom	10thcentury–1420 AD
Sardinia	Cagliari, Turin	Kingdom	1324–1861 AD
Savoy	Chambeery, later Turin	Dukedom	1416–1714
Emirate of Sicily	Balarm	Emieate	831–1091 AD
County of Sicily	Palermo	County	1071–1130 AD
Kingdom of Sicily	Various	Kingdom	1130–1816 AD
Siena	Siena	Republic	1125–1555 AD
Sorrento	Sorrento	Duchy	840–1137 AD
Venice	Venice	Republic	697–1797 AD
Western Roman Empire	Brussels	Empire	395-480 AD

Hungary/Poland/Baltics

Name	Capital/s	State type	Existed	Flag
Avar Khaganate	Not specified	Khaganate	567–804 AD
Principality of Hungary	Esztergom, Székesfehérvár	Principality	895–1000 AD
Kingdom of Hungary	Various	Kingdom	1000–1918/ 1920–1946 AD
Lithuania	Vilnius	Grand Dukemond	1236–1569 AD
Livonia	Various	Confederated bishopric principalities (religious)	1435 — 1561 AD
Moravia	Veligrad	Kingdom	833–907 AD
Duchy of Poland	Gniezno	Kingdom	966–1025 AD
Kingdom of Poland	Gniezno. later Cracovia	Kingdom	1025-1385 AD
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland	Krakow	Kingdom	1385–1795 AD
Terra Mariana	Various	Confederated bishopric principalities (religious)	1207–1561 AD

Russia/Ukraine/Belarus/Lithuania

Name	Capital/s	State type	Existed	Flag
Principality of Beloozero	Beloozero	Principality	1199-1550 AD
Old Great Bulgaria	Phanagoria	Absolute monarchy, Khaganate	632–668 AD
Principality of Chernihiv	Chernihiv	Principality	1024–1402 AD
Crimean Khanate	Stary Krym, Bakhchisaray	Khanate	1449–1783 AD
Principality of Dmitrov	Dmitrov	Principality	1338-1460 AD
Duchy of Lithuania	Aukštaitija	Duchy	1111-1236 AD
Galicia–Volhynia	Various	Principality/kingdom/client	1199–1349 AD
Principality of Galich	Galich	Principality	1200-1481 AD
Principality of Galicia	Halych	Principality	1124–1199 AD
Principality of Kholm	Kholm	Principality	1330-1487 AD
Kievan Rus'	Kiev	Federated principalities	882–1283 AD
Principality of Kiev	Kiev	Principality	1132–1471 AD
Lithuania	Vilnius	Grand Dukemond	1236–1569 AD
Principality of Mikulin	Mikulin	Principality	1339-1485 AD
Moscow	Moscow	Grand Duchy / client	1283–1547 AD
Principality of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal	Nizhny Novgorod	Principality	1341–1425 AD
Novgorod Republic	Novgorod	Republic	1136–1478 AD
Principality of Pereyaslavl	Krakow	Kingdom	988–1239/1323 AD
Great Perm	Perm	Principality	1190-1600 AD
Polotsk	Polotak	Principality	987–1504 AD
Tsardom of Russia	Moscow, Saint Petersburg	Tsardom	1547–1721 AD
Principality of Ryazan	Ryazan	Principality	1129–1521 AD
Principality of Serpukhovsko-Borovsky	Serpukhov	Principality	1338-1460 AD
Principality of Smolensk	Smolensk	Principality, vassal state	1054–1508 AD
Principality of Starodub	Starodub	Principality	1215-1451 AD
Principality of Tver	Tver	Principality	1246–1485 AD
Principality of Vereya	Vereya	Principality	1400-1491 AD
Vladimir-Suzdal	Vladimir	Principality	1157–1331 AD
Principality of Volhynia	Volhynia	Principality	1157–1331 AD
Principality of Yaroslavl	Yaroslavl	Principality	1217–1470 AD

Middle East and North Africa

Middle East

Anatolia

Name	Capital	State type	Existed
Ahis	Ankara	Beylik	1230–1392 AD
Alaiye	Alanya	Beylik	1293–1471 AD
Aydinids	Birgi, Selçuk	Beylik	1300–1425 AD
Armenian Cilicia	Tarsus, Sis	Kingdom	1198–1375 AD
Arminiya	Dvin	Principality/client	653–884 AD
Byzantine Empire	Constantinople	Empire	330–1453 AD
Beyliks of Canik	Various	Beylik	1330s–1460 AD
Candar dynasty	Eflani, Kastamonu, Sinop	Beylik	1291–1461 AD
Chobanids	Kastamonu	Beylik	1211–1309 AD
Beylik of Çubukoğulları	Harput	Beylik	1085–1112 AD
Beylik of Dilmaç	Bitlis	Beylik	1085–1398 AD
Beylik of Dulkadir	Elbistan, Maras	Beylik	1348–1522 AD
Germiyanids	Kütahya	Beylik	1300–1429 AD
Hamidids	Eğirdir	Beylik	1300–1391 AD
Inalids	Diyarbakır	Beylik	1085–1183 AD
Karamanids	Karaman	Beylik	1250–1487 AD
Karasids	Balıkesir, Bergama, Çanakkale	Beylik	1286–1357 AD
Kurdish emirates	various	Chiefdoms/Principalities	16th–19th century AD
Beylik of Lâdik	Denizli,	Beylik	1262–1391 AD
Mengujekids	Erzurum	Beylik	1072–1277 AD
Menteshe	Milas	Beylik	1261–1424 AD
Marwanids	Diyarbakir	Emirate	983–1085 AD
Nicaea	Nicaea	Empire/client	1204–1261 AD
Ottoman Empire	Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul	Empire	1299–1922 AD
Pervâneoğlu	Sinop	Beylik	1277–1322 AD
Ramadanid Emirate	Adana	Emirate	1352–1608 AD
Rüm	Nicaea, Iconium	Sultanate	1077–1307 AD
Sahib Ataids	Afyonkarahisar	Beylik	1275–1341 AD
Saltukids	Erzurum	Beylik	1072–1202 AD
Sarukhanids	Manisa	Beylik	1300–1510 AD
Shah-Armens	Ahlat	Beylik	1110–1207 AD
Beylik of Smyrna	Izmir	Beylik	1081–1098 AD
Beylik of Tanrıbermiş	Alaşehir	Beylik	1071–1098 AD
Teke	Antalya, Korkuteli	Beylik	1321–1423 AD
Trebizond Empire	Trebizond	Empire/client	1204–1461 AD

Arabia

Name	Capital	State type	Existed
Abbasid Caliphate	Baghdad	Empire (religious)	750–1256 AD
Ghassanid	Balka, Harith, Petra, Sideir	Kingdom	220–712 AD
Jabrids		Emirate	1417–1524
Jarwanid dynasty	Qatif	Kingdom	1310–1417 AD
Mahdids		Sultanate	1155–1174 AD
Mecca	Mecca	Emirate	967–1916
Medina	Medina	Islamic state	630–632 AD
Nabhanis	Bahla	Kingdom	1154–1624 AD
Najahid dynasty	Zabid	Emirate	1022–1158 AD
Ormus	Hormuz	Kingdom	11th century–1622 AD
Ottoman Empire	Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul	Empire	1299–1922 AD
Qarmatians	al-Hasa	Republic (Utopia)	899–1067 AD
Rassids	Not specified	Imamate	897–1962 AD
Rasulid dynasty	Zubid	Sultanate	1229–1454 AD
Sulaymanids		Sultanate	1063–1174 AD
Sulayhid dynasty	Sana'a	Sultanate	1047–1138 AD
Tahirids	Zabid	Sultanate	1454–1517 AD
Umayyad Caliphate	Dammascus, Harran	Empire (religious)	661–750 AD
Usfurids	Al-Hasa	Kingdom	1253–1320 AD
Uyunid	Al Hasa, Awal, Qatif	Emirate	1076–1253 AD
Wajihids	Suhar	Emirate	926–965 AD
Yu'firids	Sana'a, Shibam Kawkabam	Principality	847–997 AD
Ziyadid	Zabid	Emirate (religious)	819–1018 AD
Zurayids	Aden	Tribal confederacy (religious)	1083–1174 AD

Iran

Name	Capital	State type	Existed
Abbasid Caliphate	Baghdad	Empire (religious)	750–1256 AD
Afrasiyab dynasty	Amol	Kingdom	1349–1504
Ahmadilis	Maragheh	Kingdom	1122–1225 AD
Alavids	Amol	Kingdom	864–900/914–928 AD
Aq Qoyunlu	Various	Confederate/Sultanate	1378–1501 AD
Baduspanids		Kingdom	665–1598 AD
Banu Ilyas	Bardsir	Emirate	923–968 AD
Bavand	Perim, Sari, Amol	Kingdom	651–1349 AD
Buwayhids	Shiraz, Ray, Baghdad	Emirate	934–1062 AD
Chobanids	Tebriz	Kingdom	1338–1357 AD
Dabuyid	Amol, Sari, Fuman	Kingdom	642–760 AD
Ghurid	Various	Sultanate	879–1215 AD
Hasanwayhids	Dinawar	Emirate	959–1015 AD
Hazaraspids		Chiefdom	1115–1424 AD
Ilkhanate	Maragha, Tabriz, Soltaniyeh	Nomadic kingdom	1256–1335 AD
Injuids	Shiraz	Empire	1335–1357 AD
Jalayirid Sultanate	Baghdad, Tabriz	Sultanate	1335–1432 AD
Justanids	Rudbar	Kingdom	791–11th-century
Kakuyids	Isfahan, Yazd	Kingdom	1008–1141 AD
Kara Koyunlu	Tabriz	Confederation	1374–1468 AD
Khorshidi dynasty	Khorramabad	Kingdom	1184–1497 AD
Mar'ashis	Anol, Sari, Vatashan	Kingdom	1359–1596 AD
Masmughans of Damavand	Damavand	Kingdom	651–760 AD
Muzaffarids	Kerman	Kingdom	1314–1393 AD
Nizari Ismaili	Alamut Castle, Masyaf	Military order	1090–1273 AD
Qarinvand dynasty	Lafur	Kingdom	550s–11th century AD
Rawadids	Tabriz	Emirate	955–1071 AD
Sadakiyans		Chiefdom	770–827/8 AD
Saffarid dynasty	Zaranj	Empire	861–1002 AD
Safavid Iran	Tabriz, Qazvin, Isfahan	Empire	1501–1736 AD
Sajid dynasty	Maragah, Ardabil	Kingdom	789–929 AD
Salghurids	Shiraz	Atabegate	1148–1282 AD
Sallarid dynasty	Tarom	Kingdom	919–1062 AD
Sarbadars	Sabzevar	Kingdom	1337–1381 AD
Sasanian Empire	Istakhr, Cteisphon	Empire	224–651 AD
Seljuk	Nishapur, Rey, Isfahan, Merv, Hamadan	Empire	1037–1194 AD
Umayyad Caliphate	Dammascus, Harran	Empire (religious)	661–750 AD
Atabegs of Yazd	Yazd	Kingdom	1141–1319 AD
Ziyarid dynasty	Various	Kingdom	931–1090 AD

Mesopotamia

Name	Capital	State type	Existed
Abbasid Caliphate	Baghdad	Empire (religious)	750–1256 AD
Artuqids	Hasankeyf, Diyarbakır, Harput, Mardin	Beylik	1102–1409 AD
Buwayhids	Shiraz, Ray, Baghdad	Emirate	934–1062 AD
Hamdanid	Mosul, Aleppo	Emirate	890–1003 AD
Jalayirid Sultanate	Baghdad, Tabriz	Sultanate	1335–1432 AD
Numayrids	Harran	Emirate	990–1081 AD
Ottoman Empire	Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul	Empire	1299–1922 AD
Uqaylid	Mosul	Emirate	990–1096 AD
Umayyad Caliphate	Dammascus, Harran	Empire (religious)	661–750 AD
Zengid	Aleppo	Emirate	1127–1250 AD

Levantine/Cyprus

Name	Capital	State type	Existed
Abbasid Caliphate	Baghdad	Empire (religious)	750–1256 AD
Antioch	Antioch	Principality/client	1098–1268 AD
Assaf	Ghazir	Lordship/client	1306–1591 AD
Banu Ammar	Tripoli	Principality/client (religious)	1070–1109 AD
Cyprus	Nicosia	Kingdom	1192–1489 AD
Edessa	Edessa, Turbessel	Countship	1098–1150 AD
Galilee	Tiberias	Principality/client	1099–1187 AD
Harfush	Baalbek	Lordship/client	1490–1865 AD
Jarrahids	Ramla	Emirate/client	970–1107 AD
Jerusalem	Jerusalem	Kingdom	1099–1291 AD
Ma'n	Chouf	Lordship/client	1120–1697 AD
Mirdasid	Aleppo	Emirate	1024–1080 AD
Ottoman Empire	Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul	Empire	1299–1922 AD
Oultrejordain	Montreal (Arabah), Kerak	Lordship/client	1118–1199 AD
Sidon	Sidon	Lordship/client	1110–1260 AD
Tripoli	Tripoli	Countship/client	1102–1289 AD
Tulunids	Al-Qata'i	Emirate	868–905 AD
Umayyad Caliphate	Dammascus, Harran	Empire (religious)	661–750 AD

North Africa

Egypt

Name	Capital	State type	Existed
Abbasid Caliphate	Baghdad	Empire (religious)	750–1256 AD
Ayyubid	Cairo	Confederated principalities/empire	1171–1341 AD
Banu Kanz	Aswan	Empire	943–1365 AD
Fatimid Caliphate	Mahdia, Al-Mansuriya, Cairo	Nomadic kingdom	909–1171 AD
Ikhshidid	Fustat	Emirate	935–969 AD
Mamluk	Cairo	Sultanate	1250–1517 AD
Ottoman Empire	Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul	Empire	1299–1922 AD
Tulunids	Al-Qata'i	Emirate	868–905 AD
Umayyad Caliphate	Dammascus, Harran	Empire (religious)	661–750 AD

Maghreb

Name	Capital	State type	Existed
Aghlabids	Kairouan	Vassal State	800–909
Almoravid	Aghmat, Marrakesh	Empire	1040–1147 AD
Almohad	Tinmel, Marrakesh	Empire (religious)	1121–1269 AD
Kingdom of the Aurès	Arris, Khenchela	Kingdom	484–703 AD
Banu Khazrun	Tripoli	Kingdom	1001–1146 AD
Banu Khattab	Zawila	Kingdom	918–1177 AD
Banu Khurasan	Tunis	Kingdom	1108–1159 AD
Banu Talis	Bani Walid	Emirate	1258–1551 AD
Banu Thabit	Tripoli	Kingdom	14th century
Barghawata		Tribal Confederation	744–1058 AD
Fatimid Caliphate	Mahdia, Al-Mansuriya, Cairo	Empire	909–1171 AD
Hammadid	Beni Hammad, Bejaia	Kingdom	1014–1152 AD
Hafsid	Tunis	Sultanate	1229–1574 AD
Idrisids	Fez	Empire (religious)	788–985 AD
Kingdom of Kuku	Kuku	Sultanate	1515–1638 AD
Midrarid dynasty	Sijilmasa	Kingdom	757–976 AD
Maghrawa	Oujda	Emirate	988–1069 AD
Marinid Sultanate	Fez	Sultanate	1244–1465 AD
Nekor	Temsaman, Nekor	Emirate	710–1012 AD
Ottoman Empire	Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul	Empire	1299–1922 AD
Kingdom of Ouarsenis	Jedars	Kingdom	430–735 AD
Rustamid dynasty	Tahert	Imamate	707–999 AD
Saadi Sultanate	Various	Sultanate	1510–1659 AD
Sulaymanid dynasty	Tlemcen	Kingdom	814–922 AD
Tlemcen	Tlemcen	Kingdom	1235–1554 AD
Emirate of Tlemcen	Tlwmcen	Emirate	757–790 AD
Umayyad Caliphate	Dammascus, Harran	Empire (religious)	661–750 AD
Wattasid dynasty	Fez	Kingdom	1472–1554 AD
Zab Emirate	Biskra	Emirate	1350's–1402 AD
Zirid dynasty	Various	Vassal state	972–1148 AD

Caucasus,Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia

Caucasus

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Kingdom of Abkhazia	Anakopia, Kutaisi	Kingdom	1463–1864
Principality of Abkhazia	Sukhumi	Principality	1463–1864
Ahmadilis	Maragheh	Kingdom	1122–1225 AD
Alania	Maghas	Kingdom	Late 9th century–1240
Kingdom of Artsakh	khachen, Haterk, Vaykunik	Kingdom	1261–1603
Avaria	Khunzakh	Khaganate	13th century–1864 AD
	Various	Kingdom	880s–1045 AD
Circassia	Various	Kingdom	7th century–1864 AD
Eldiguzids	Nakhchivan	Atabeg	1126–1245 AD
Georgia	Kutaisi, Tbilisi	Kingdom	1008–1491 AD
Iberia	Tbilisi	Principality	580–891 AD
Kingdom of Kakheti	Gremi	Kingdom	1465–1762 AD
Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti	Telavi	Kingdom	1014–1104 AD
Karluk Yabghu	Suyab, later Balasagun	Tribal Kingdom	756–840 AD
Kingdom of Kartli	Tbilisi	Kingdom	1478–1762 AD
Principality of Khachen	Gandzasar, Haterk, Tsar	Principality	1261–1603
Lazica	Phasis	Kingdom/client	1st century BC–7th century AD
Shirvanshahs	Shamakhi, later Baku	Kingdom	861–1534 AD
Simsim		Kingdom	1349–1470 AD
Sarir	Humraj	Kingdom/client	453–1000 AD
Tarki Shamkhalate	Tarki	Kingdom	8th century–1867 AD
Kingdom of Syunik	Kapan	Kingdom	987–1170 AD
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget	Matsnaberd, Lori	Kingdom	979–1118 AD
Kingdom of Vaspurakan	Van	Kingdom	908–1021 AD
Zakarid Armenia	Van	Kingdom	1201–1050 AD	Ani

Eurasian Steppe

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Astrakhan Khanate	Astrakhan	Khaganate	1466–1556
Avar Khaganate		Khaganate	567–804 AD
Barsil		Tribal union	600–700 AD
Old Great Bulgaria	Phanagoria	Absolute monarchy, Khaganate	632–668 AD
Volga Bulgaria	Bolghar, Bilär	Monarchy, Khaganate	7th century–1240s AD
Chagatai Khanate	Almaliq	Nomadic Empire	1226–1660 AD
Cumania	Not specified	Nomadic confederation	900–1220 AD
Eastern Turkic Khaganate	Otuken	Nomadic Empire	603–645 AD
Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom	Ganzhou	Kingdom	894–1038 AD
Göktürk Khaganate	Ordu Baliq	Nomadic confederation	552–747 AD
Golden Horde	Sarai Batu	Khanate	1240–1502 AD
Karluk Yabghu	Suyab, later Balasagun	Tribal Kingdom	756–840 AD
Kangar union	located in Ulutau mountains	Nomadic Kingdom	659–750 AD
Khanate of Kazan	Kazan	Khanate	1438–1552 AD
Khamag Mongol		Tribal confederation/khanate	1120–1206 AD
Kara-Khanid Khanate	Various	Nomadic confederation	840–1212 AD
Khazar Khaganate	Various	Nomadic kingdom	618–1048 AD
Khitan	Shangjing	Kingdom/client	388–1211 AD
Kimek–Kipchak confederation	Imekia	Tribal confederation	880–1035 AD
Moghulistan	Almaliq	Khaganate	1347–1660s AD
Mongol Empire	Various	Empire	1206–1368 AD
Nogai Horde	Saray-Jük	Horde	1440s–1634 AD
Northern Yuan	Shangdu	Kingdom	1368–1635 AD
Oghuz Yabgu State	Jankent	Khaganate	766–1055 AD
Qocho Kingdom	Qocho	Kingdom	843–14th century AD
Oirat Confederation	Tarki	Tribal Confederation	1399–1634 AD
Second Turkic Khaganate	Otuken, Yarγan yurtï	Nomadic Empire	682–744 AD
Khanate of Sibir	Sibir	Khaganate	1468–1598 AD
Tatar	Not specified	Confederation	8th century–1202 AD
Uyghur Khaganate	Otuken, later Ordu-Baliq	Nomadic Empire	744–840 AD
Western Turkic Khaganate	Navekat, Suyub	Nomadic Empire	603–742 AD
Xueyantuo	Ih Huree	Tribal Confederation	623–728 AD
Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate	Ordo-Baliq,Kemijket	Khaganate	693-1207AD
Yuan Empire	Khanbaliq	Nomadic empire	1271–1368 AD

Central Asia

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Afrighid	Kath	Kingdom/client	305–995 AD
Farighunids	Maymana	Client Kingdom	9th century–1010 AD
Ghaznavids Empire	Ghazni, later Lahore	Empire	977–1186 AD
Ghurid	Various	Sultanate	879–1215 AD
Guzgan		Principality	7th–8th century AD
Kashgar	Kashgar	Kingdom/Client	80–850 AD
Khotan	Khotan	Kingdom	56–1006 AD
Khwarazmian Empire	Gurgani, Samarkand, Tabriz	Empire	1077–1231 AD
Mihrabanids	Zaranj	Kingdom	1236–1537 AD
Nasrid dynasty	Zaranj	Kingdom	1029–1225 AD
Samanid Empire	Samarkand, later Bukhara	Empire	819–999 AD
	Samarkand, Herat	Empire	1370–1507 AD
Tokhara Yabghus	Kunduz	Sub-Kingdom	625–758 AD
Principality of Ushrusana	Bunjikat	Principality	600–892/3 AD
Uzbek Khanate	Chimgi-Tura, Sighnaq, Isay	Confederate Khaganate	1428–1471 AD
Zunbils	Ghazni	Nomadic empire	680–870 AD

East Asia

China

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
	Dali Town	Chiefdom	937–1253 AD
Dachanghe	Dali	Chiefdom	902–928 AD
Eastern Liao		Kingdom	1213-1269 AD
Eastern Xia	Kaiyuan	Kingdom	1215–1233 AD
Later Han	Kaifeng	Kingdom	947–951
Northern Han	Taiyuan	Kingdom	951–979
Great Jin	Various	Empire	1115–1254 AD
Later Jin	Kaifeng	Kingdom	936–947
Later Liang	Luoyang, Kaifeng	Kingdom	907–023
Ma Chu	Changsha	Kingdom	908–951
Middag	Middag	Kingdom	?–17th century AD
Min	Changle	Kingdom	909–945 AD
Mongol Empire	Avarga, Karakorum, Dadu	Empire	1206–1368 AD
Former Shu	Chengdu	Kingdom	907–925
Later Shu	Chengdu	Kingdom	934–965
Chiefdom of Sizhou	Sizhou	Chiefdom	582–1413
Song Empire	Bianjing, Lin'an	Empire	960–1279 AD
Southern Han	Xingwang Fu	Kingdom	917–971
Tang Empire	Chang'an, Luoyang	Empire	618–907 AD
Later Tang	Luoyang, Kaifeng	Kingdom	923–937
Southern Tang	Jinling	Kingdom	937–976
Western Xia	Xingqing	Kingdom	1038–1237 AD
Wuyue	Qiantang	Kingdom	907–978 AD
Yang Wu	Yangzhou	Kingdom	907–937 AD
Yuan Empire	Khanbaliq	Nomadic Empire	1271–1368 AD
Later Zhou	Kaifeng	Kingdom	951–960

Japan

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Ashikaga shogunate	Heian-kyō	Military regime	1336–1573 AD
Azuchi–Momoyama	Azuchi, Heian-kyō	Military regime	1568–1600 AD
Chūzan	Urasoe	Kingdom	1314–1429 AD
Hokuzan	Nakijin	Kingdom	1322–1466 AD
Ikkō-ikki	Ishiyama Hongan-ji	Military Confederacy	1457–1586 AD
Japan		Kingdom	4th–7th century AD
Kamakura shogunate	Kamakura-kyō, Heian-kyō	Military regime	1192–1333 AD
Ryukyu	Shuri	Kingdom	1429–1879 AD

Korea

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Later Baekje	Wansanju	Kingdom	892–936
Balhae Empire	Dongmo	Empire	698–926 AD
Goryeo	Gaegyeong	Kingdom	918–1392 AD
Jeongan		Kingdom	938–986 AD
Silla	Gyeongju	Kingdom	55 BC–935 AD
Tamna		Kingdom	?–1404
Taebong	Somgak, Cheorwon	Kingdom	901–918
Usan		Kingdom	512–930 AD

Tibet

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Guge	Tsaparang	Kingdom	910–1630
Khasa Kingdom	Sinja Valley	Kingdom	11th–14th century
Maryul	Shey	Kingdom	930–1842
Phagmodrupa dynasty	Nedong	Kingdom	1354–1618 AD
Rinpungpa	Shigatse	Kingdom	1435–1565 AD
Tibetan Empire	Lhasa, Pho brang	Empire	618–841 AD
Tsangpa	Shigatse	Theocratic	1565–1642 AD
Tsongkha	Tsongkha	Theocracy	997–1104
Xiliangfu	Liangzhou	Tribal Confederation	906–1016

Southeast Asia

Burma

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
	Ava	Kingdom	1365–1555
	various	Kingdom	1287–1552 AD
Kingdom of Mrauk U	Mrauk U	Kingdom	1430–1785 AD
Myinsaing Kingdom	Myinsaing	Kingdom	1237–1313 AD
Pagan Kingdom	Pagan	Kingdom	849–1297 AD
Pinya Kingdom	Pinya	Kingdom	1313–1365 AD
Prome Kingdom	Nanzan	Kingdom	1482–1542 AD
Pyu	Sri Ksetra	Federated City States	250 BC–1085 AD
Sagaing Kingdom	Sagaing	Kingdom	1315–1365 AD
Shan States	Various	Kingdoms	1215–1985
Thaton	Thaton	Kingdom	300 BC–1085 AD
Toungoo dynasty	Toungoo, Pegu, Ava	Kingdom	1510–1752 AD

Cambodia/Laos/Thailand

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Haripuñjaya	Haripuñjaya	Kingdom	629–1292 AD
Khmer Empire	Angkor	Empire	802–1431 AD
Lan Na	Chiang Rai, Fang, Wiang Kum Kam, Chiang Mai	Kingdom	1292–1775 AD
Lavo	Lavo, Ayodhaya	Kingdom	450–1388 AD
Lan Xang	Luang Prabang, later Vientiane	Kingdom	1353–1707 AD
Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom	Nakhon Si Thammarat	Kingdom	13th century–1782 AD
Phayao Kingdom	Phayao	Kingdom	1094–1338 AD
Sukhothai Kingdom	Sukhothai, Song Khwae	Kingdom	1238–1438 AD

Vietnam

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Đại Việt / Annam	Thăng Long	Kingdom	938–1400 AD / 1428–1804 AD
Đại Ngu	Tây Đô	Kingdom	1400–1407 AD
Ngưu Hống	Murong Moi	Kingdom	1000–1432 AD
Vạn Xuân	Longbian	Kingdom	544–603 AD

Indonesia/Malaysia

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
	Kota Rentang	Kingdom	1225–1613
	Bali	Kingdom	914–1908 AD
	Banyuwangi	Kingdom	13th–18th century AD
Bruneian Empire	Various	Empire	7th–19th centuries AD
Sultanate of Cirebon	Various	Sultanate	1447–1679 AD
	Demak	Sultanate	1475–1554 AD
Galuh Kingdom	Kawali	Kingdom	669–1482 AD
Sultanate of Jailolo	Jailolo	Sultanate	13th century–1832 AD
Janggala	Hujung Galuh	Kingdom	1045–1135 AD
Kahuripan	Kahuripan	Kingdom	1019–1045 AD
Kalingga Kingdom		Kingdom	6th–7th century AD
Kalinyamat Sultanate	Kalinyamat	Sultanate	1527–1599 AD
Kantoli	Kantoli	Kingdom	???–471 AD
Kedah	Kedah city	Kingdom, later Sultanate	330–present AD
Kediri Kingdom	Dahanapura	Kingdom	1042–1222 AD
Kutai		Kingdom, later Sultanate	399–1844 AD
Lambri		Kingdom	822–1503 AD
Langkasuka	Kedah, Pattani	Kingdom	100–1516 AD
Kingdom of Maynila	Maynila	Kingdom	1500–1571 AD
Majapahit	Trowulan	Empire	1293–1527 AD
Malacca Sultanate	Malacca	Sultanate	1400–1528 AD
Mataram Kingdom	Various	Kingdom	716–1016 AD
Mataram Sultanate	Kota Gede, Karta, Plered, Kartosuro	Sultanate	1586–1755 AD
Negara Daha		Kingdom	?
Pahang	Inderapura	Kingdom	5th century–1454 AD
Kingdom of Pajang	Pajang	Kingdom	1568–1586 AD
Pannai	Pannai	Kingdom	11th century–14th century AD
Pan Pan	?	Kingdom	300–700 AD
Segati Kingdom	Various	Kingdom	?–16th century AD
Samudera Pasai Sultanate	Pasai	Sultanate	1267–1524 AD
Singhasari	Tumapel	Kingdom	1222–1292 AD
Kingdom of Singapura	Singapura	Kingdom	1299–1398 AD
Srivijaya	Palembang	Kingdom	671–1025 AD
Sulu	Various	Sultanate/client	1405–1915 AD
Sunda	Pakuan Pajajaran, Kawali	Kingdom	669–1579 AD

Philippines

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Caboloan	Binalatongan	Kingdom	1225–1556 AD
Cebu	Singhapala	Kingdom	1400–1565 AD
Dapitan Kingdom	Dapitan	Kingdom	13th century–1595
Kumalarang		Kingdom	13th century–1565
Madya-as		Confederation	1200–1569 AD
Kingdom of Maynila	Maynila	Kingdom	1500–1571 AD
Ma-i		Kingdom	971–1339 AD
Namayan	Namayan	Kingdom	(before) 1175–1571 AD
Tondo Empire	Tondo	City State	900–1589 AD

South Asia

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Ahmadnagar Sultanate	various	Sultanate	1490–1636
Alupa dynasty	Various	Kingdom	200–1444
Ay	Aykudi	Kingdom	4th century BC–12th century AD
Bhauma-Kara dynasty	Jajpur	Kingdom	8th–10th century
Bahmani	Gulbarga, Bidar	Sultanate	1347–1527
Baise Rajya	Various	Confederation of Kingdoms	?–1744
Bengal Sultanate	Pandua, Sonargaon, Gaur	Sultanate	1352–1576
Berar Sultanate	Ellichpur	Sultanate	1490–1572
Bidar Sultanate	Bidar	Sultanate	1492–1619
Bijapur Sultanate	Gulbarga, Bidar	Sultanate	1490–1686
Bumthang	Chakhar Gutho	Kingdom	7th–17th centuries
	Bhutamabilika	Kingdom	807–1751
	Various	Confederation of principalities	?–1744
	Panchaser	Kingdom	690–942
Chero dynasty	various	Kingdom	12th–19th century
Chindaka Naga	Barasur	Kingdom	1023–1324
Chowta dynasty	various	Kingdom	12th–18th century
Cochin	Various	Kingdom	12th century–1947
Chahamanas of Shakambhari	Shakambhari, Ajayameru	Kingdom	6th century–1192
Eastern Chalukya	Vengi, Rajamundry	Kingdom	624–1129
Chudasama dynasty	various	Kingdom	10th century–1472
Chutia Kingdom	Sadiya	Kingdom	14th century–1524
Delhi Sultanate	Delhi	Empire	1206-1526
Deva dynasty	Bikrampur	Kingdom	12th–13th century
Dimasa Kingdom	various	Kingdom	13th century–1832
Gahadavala dynasty	Banaras and Kannauj	Kingdom	1089–1197
Gajapati Empire	Cuttack	Empire	1434-1541
Garha Kingdom	Garha	Kingdom	15th century–1781
Garhwal	Various	Kingdom	888–1949
Golconda Sultanate	Golconda, Hyderabad	Sultanate	1518–1687
Gurjara Pratihara Empire	Kannauj	Empire	650–1036
	Ahmedabad	Sultanate	1394–1573
Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom	Rayapura	Kingdom	14th century–1758
	Sosavur, Belur, Halebidu	Empire	1026–1343
Jaintia Kingdom	Nartiang, Jaintiapur	Kingdom	500–1835
Jaunpur Sultanate	Jaunpur	Sultanate	1394–1493
Kakatiya dynasty	Orugallu	Empire	1163–1323
Kalachuris of Sarayupara		Kingdom	800–1080
Kalachuris of Tripuri	Tripuri	Kingdom	7th century–1212
Kalachuri dynasty	Mahishmati	Kingdom	550–625
Kalachuris of Kalyani	Kalyani	Kingdom	1164–1181
Kalachuris of Ratnapura	Ratanpur	Kingdom	11th century–1758
Kamarupa	Pragjyotishpur, Haruppeswara, Durjaya	Kingdom	350–1140
Kamata Kingdom	Kamarupanagara	Kingdom	1257–1587
Kampili kingdom		Kingdom	1230–1886
Karnat dynasty	various	Kingdom	1097–1324
Karkota dynasty		Kingdom	625–855
Kashmir Sultanate	Srinagar	Sultanate	1320–1589
Nayakas of Keladi	Keladi, Ikkeri, Bidanur	Kingdom	1499–1763
Khandesh Sultanate		Sultanate	1382–1601
Khasa Kingdom	Sinja Valley	Empire	11th–14th century
Kolathunadu	Various	Kingdom	6th century BC – Modern era
Kumaon Kingdom	Baijnath, Champawat, Almora	Kingdom	600–1791
Langah Sultanate	Multan	Sultanate	1445–1540
Licchavi		Kingdom	400–750
Limbuwan		Various kingdoms	550–1609
Lohara dynasty	Srinagar	Kingdom	1003–1320
Malwa Kingdom	Dhar	Kingdom	947–1304
Malwa Sultanate	Dhar	Sultanate	1392–1562
Madurai Sultanate	Madurai	Sultanate	1335–1378
Mallabhum kingdom	Laugram, Bishnupur	Kingdom	694–1947
Malla dynasty	Various	Kingdoms	1201–1769
Mana dynasty	Wairagarh	Kingdom	650–850
Maukhari Empire	Kannauj	Empire	550–700
Madurai Nayak dynasty	Madurai	Kingdom	1529–1736
Emirate of Multan	Multan	Emirate	855–1010
Musunuri Nayakas	Warangal	Kingdom	1335–1358
Mysore	Mysore, Srirangapatna	Kingdom	1399–1947
Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh	Leh	Kingdom	1460–1842
Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur	Various	Chiefdom	4th century–1952
Odanad	Mavelikkara, Kayamkulam	Sultanate	11th century–1746
Oiniwar dynasty	Sugauna	Kingdom	1325–1526
Pala Empire	Various	Empire	750-1161
Pallava Empire	Kanchi	Empire	250 BC–800 AD
Pamduvamshis	Sirpur	Kingdom	7th–8th century
Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya	Bodh Gaya	Kingdom	11th–13th century
Pratapgarh Kingdom	Patharkandi	Kingdom	1489–1700s
Rashtrakuta dynasty	Manyakheta	Kingdom	753–982
Reddi Kingdom	Addanki	Kingdom	1325–1448
	Bhutamabilika	Kingdom	735–920
Sambuvarayar	Rajagambhiram	Kingdom	1236–1375
Sena Empire	Gauda, Bikrampur, Nabadwip, Lakhnauti, Vijaynagar	Empire	1070–1230
Seuna dynasty	Devagiri	Kingdom	1187–1317
Shailodbhava dynasty		Kingdom	6th-8th century
Shilahara Kingdom	Thane	Kingdom	8th–13th century
Sindh	Aror	Kingdom	632–712
Somavamshi dynasty	Yayatinagara	Kingdom	9th–12th century
Taraf	Rajpur, later Laskarpur	Kingdom	1200–1610
Tomara dynasty	Anangpur	Kingdom	736–1152
Utpala dynasty	Awantipora	Kingdom	855–1003
Vaghela dynasty	Dhavalakka	Kingdom	1244–1304
	Quilon	Kingdom	8/9th century–1729
Vijayanagara Empire	Vijayanagara	Empire	1336–1646
Western Ganga	Kolar, Talakad	Kingdom	350–1000
Western Chalukya Empire	Manyakheta	Empire	975–1184
Yajvapala dynasty		Kingdom	13th century
Zamorin	Calicut	Kingdom	1124–1806

Sri Lanka

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Anuradhapura	Anuradhapura	Kingdom	377 BC–1017 AD
Kingdom of Dambadeniya	Dambadeniya	Kingdom	1220–1345 AD
Kingdom of Gampola	Gampola	Kingdom	1341–1408 AD
Jaffna kingdom	Nallur	Kingdom	1215–1619 AD
Kingdom of Kandy	Kandy	Kingdom	1469–1815 AD
Kingdom of Kotte	Kotte	Kingdom	1412–1597 AD
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa	Vijayarajapura	Kingdom	1055–1232 AD
Kingdom of Sitawaka	Sitawaka	Kingdom	1521–1594 AD
Vanni chieftaincies		Chiefdom	13th century–1782 AD

Sub-Saharan Africa

Horn Africa

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Adal	Zeila, Dakkar, Harrar	Sultanate	1415–1559 AD
Ajuran Empire	Mareeg, Qelafo, Mecca	Empire	13th–17th centuries AD
Aksumite Empire		Empire	100–960 AD
Sultanate of Arababni		Sultanate	12th century–1840 AD
Sultanate of Bale		Sultanate	13th century–1320s AD
Dankali Sultanate	Dankali	Sultanate	13th–18th century AD
Sultanate of Dahlak	Dahlak	Sultanate	960–1557 AD
Kingdom of Damot	Maldarede	Kingdom	960–1317 AD
Dawaro		Principality	960s–17th century AD
Ennarea	Yadare, Gowi	Kingdom	14th century–1710 AD
Ethiopian Empire	Addis Ababa	Empire	1137–1975 AD
Fatagar		State	9th–15th century
Gidaya		Islamic State	9th–15th century
Hargaya		Islamic State	9th–15th century
Harla Kingdom	Hubat	Kingdom	501–1500 AD
Sultanate of Ifat	Wafat, Ziela	Sultanate	1275–1403 AD
Makhzumi dynasty	Walale	Sultanate	896–1286 AD
Medri Bahri	Debarwa	Kingdom	1137-1879 AD
Sultanate of Mogadishu	Mogadishu	Sultanate	10th–16th century AD
Moro		Islamic State	9th–15th century
Kingdom of Simien		Kingdom	350–1625 AD
Tunni Sultanate	Baraea	Sultanate	9th century–13th century AD
Zagwe dynasty	Lalibela	Kingdom	960–1270 AD

Sudan

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Al-Abwab		Kingdom	13th century–15th/16th century AD
Alodia	Soba	Empire	680–1504 AD
Beja kingdoms		Tribal Kingdoms	7th–16th century
Blemmyes		Tribal Kingdom	600 BC–8th century AD
Daju kingdom	Daju	Kingdom	12th century–15th century AD
Kingdom of Fazughli		Kingdom	1500–1685 AD
Makuria	Dongola	Kingdom	340–1312 AD
Nobatia	Pachoras	Kingdom	350–650 AD
Shilluk	Fashoda	Kingdom	1490–1865 AD
Tunjur kingdom	Uri	Kingdom	1400s–1650s AD

Sahel/West Africa

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Sultanate of Agadez	Agadez	Sultanate	1404–1906 AD
Kingdom of Ardra	Alladh	Kingdom	12th/13th century–1724 AD
Benin Empire	Benin City	Empire	1440–1897 AD
Bornu Empire	Ngazargamu	Empire	1380–1893 AD
Denkyira	Dunkwa-on-Offin	Kingdom	1500–1701 AD
Gao	Gao	Empire	9th century–1430 AD
Ghana Empire	Koumbi Saleh	Empire	400–1235 AD
Great Fulo	Anyam-Godo	Empire	1490–1776 AD
Guinala	Bruco	Kingdom	14th–19th century
Gyaaman	Sampa	State	1450-1895
Hausa Kingdoms	Various	City-state kingdoms	9th century–1808 AD
Ife Empire	Ile-Ifẹ	Empire	1200–1410 AD
Isedo	Isedo	Kingdom	1300–17th century
Jolof	Linguere	Empire	1350–1549 AD
Igodomigodo	Ubinu	Kingdom	40 BC –1100 AD
Kaabu	Kansala	Empire	1537–1867 AD
Kanem Empire	Njimi	Empire	700–1387 AD
Mali	Niali, Kangaba	Empire	1230–1670 AD
Nri	Igbo-Ukwu	Kingdom	948–1911 AD
Oron Nation	Oron	Kingdom	1200-1908 AD
Oyo Empire	Oyo-Ile	Kingdom	1400–1905 AD
Songhai Empire	Gao	Empire	1464–1591 AD
Sosso Empire	Sosso	Empire	1076–1235 AD
Takedda	Takedda	Kingdom	1200–1600
Takrur	Tumbere Jiinge, Taaga, Hoorewendu	Kingdom	500s–1456

Bantu States

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Angoche	Angoche, Moma	Kingdom	1485–1910 AD
Ankole	Mbarara	Kingdom	1478-1967 AD
Kingdom of Butua	Khami	Kingdom	1450–1683 AD
Kasanze Kingdom		Kingdom	1500–1648 AD
Kilwa Sultanate	Kilwa	Sultanate	957–1513 AD
Kongo	São Salvador	Kingdom/client	1390–1914 AD
Kongo dia Nlaza		Confederation of kingdoms	14th–15th century
Mapungubwe	Not specified	Kingdom	1075–1220 AD
Mutapa	Zvongombe	Kingdom	1430–1760 AD
Swahili city-states		City-states	9th–18th century
Kingdom of Zimbabwe	Great Zimbabwe	Kingdom	1220–1450 AD

Americas

These are prehistoric states, listed either based on archaeological evidence or based on their existence at the time of European contact.

Name	Capital	State type	Existed	Flag
Chiefdom of Ameca	Ameca	Chiefdom	1325–1522 AD
Aymara kingdoms	Various	Kingdoms	1151–1477 AD
Azcapotzalco	Azcapotzalco	Kingdom	995–1428 AD
Aztec Empire	Tenochtitlan	Empire	1428–1521 AD
Cañari	Tumebamba	Tribal Confederacy	500–1533 AD
Chachapoya		Tribal Confederacy	800–1470 AD
Chalco	various	Kingdom	13th century – 1521
Chimor	Chan Chan	Kingdom	900–1470 AD
Cocollán	Cocollan	Chiefdom	1100–1521 AD
Chincha Kingdom		Kingdom	900–1450 AD
Colhuacan	Colhuacan	City-state	717–1521 AD
Kingdom of Cusco	Cusco	Kingdom	1200–1438 AD
Ichma Kingdom	Pachacamac	Kingdom	1100–1469 AD
Inca Empire	Cusco	Empire	1438–1533/72 AD
Iroquois	Onondaga	Tribal Confederacy	1450–1660 AD
Maya	Various	Kingdom City States	2000 BC–900AD
Mississippian culture		various	800–1600 AD
Moche	Moche-Trujillo.	United Independent Polities	100–800 AD
Nazca	Various	Tribal chiefdoms	100 BC–800 AD
Tsenacommacah	Werowocomoco	Tribal Confederacy	16th century–1677 AD
Pueblo	Various	Tribal chiefdoms	12th century BC–14th century AD
Purépecha Empire	Tzintzuntzan	Empire	1300–1530 AD
Quilmes	Quilmes	Chiefdom	850–1500 AD
Teotihuacan Empire	Teotihuacan	Empire	100 BC–8th century AD
Tiwanakun Empire	Tiwanaku	Empire	300–1000 AD
Tlatelolco	Tiwanaku	Empire	1337–1473 AD
Tlaxcala	Tlaxcala	Confederacy	1348–1520 AD
Toltec Empire	Tula	Empire	674–1122 AD
Veracruz	El Tajín	city-states	1200–1438 AD
Xochimilco	Xochimilco	Kingdom	900–1521 AD
Wari Empire	Huari	Empire	500–1100 AD
Zapotec		Kingdom City States	700 BC–1521 AD
Muisca Confederation	Hunza and Bacatá	Tribal Confederacy	~1450–1540 AD
Tairona	Various	Tribal chiefdoms	2nd century BC-16th century AD

See also

• List of Bronze Age states (c. 3300–1200 BC)
• List of Iron Age states (c. 1200–600 BC)
• List of Classical Age states (c. 600 BC–200 AD)
• List of states during Late Antiquity (c. 200–700)
• List of former sovereign states
• Timeline of the Middle Ages
• List of pre-modern great powers
• List of pre-modern states