List of state leaders in the 9th century explained

Lists of state leaders by century

See also

List of political entities in the 9th century

This is a list of state leaders in the 9th century (801–900) AD.

Africa

Africa: Northeast

• Makuria (complete list) –

• Mikhael, King (c.785/794–804/813)

• Ioannes, King (early–mid 9th century)

• Zakharias III, King (mid 9th century)

• Georgios I, King (late 9th–early 10th century)

Africa: Northcentral

• Rustamid dynasty (complete list) –

• ʿAbdu l-Wahhab ibn Abd ar-Rahman, Imam (788–824)

• Aflah ibn ʿAbdi l-Wahhab, Imam (824–872)

• Abu Bakr ibn Aflah, Imam (872–874)

• Muhammad Abu l-Yaqzan ibn Aflah, Imam (874–894)

• Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan, Imam (894–895, 899–906)

• Yaʿqub ibn Aflah, Imam (895–899)
• Aghlabid Emirs^[1]

• Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab ibn Salim (800–812)

• Abdallah I ibn Ibrahim (812–817)

• Ziyadat Allah I ibn Ibrahim(817–838)

• al-Aghlab Abu Iqal ibn Ibrahim (838–841)

• Muhammad I ibn al-Aghlab Abi Affan (841–856)

• Ahmad ibn Muhammad (856–863)

• Ziyadat Allah II ibn Muhammad (863)

• Abu 'l-Gharaniq Muhammad II ibn Ahmad (863–875)

• Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II ibn Ahmad (875–902)

Africa: Northwest

• Barghawata (complete list) –

• Ilyâs ibn Sâlih, King (792–842)^[2]

• Yunus ibn Ilyas, King (c.842–888)

• Abu Ghafir Muhammad, King (c.888–917)
• Idrisid dynasty of Morocco (complete list) –

• Idris II, Emir (791–828)

• Muhammad ibn Idris, Emir (828–836)

• Ali ibn Idris, Emir (836–849)

• Yahya ibn Muhammad, Emir (849–863)

• Yahya ibn Yahya, Emir (863–866)

• Ali ibn Umar, Emir (866–unknown)

• Yahya ibn al-Qasim, Emir (unknown–905)
• Emirate of Nekor (complete list) –

• Sa'id I ibn Idris, Emir (760–803)

• Salih II ibn Sa'id, Emir (803–864)

• Sa'id II ibn Salih, Emir (864–916)

Americas

Americas: Mesoamerica

Maya civilization

• Calakmul (complete list) –

• Chan Pet, King (c. 849)
• Copán (complete list) –

• Yax Pasaj Chan Yopaat, King (763–post-810)

• Ukit Took, King (822–?)

• Palenque (complete list) –

• Janaab Pakal III, Ajaw (799–?)
• Tikal (complete list) –

• Nuun Ujol K'inich, Ajaw (c.800)

• Dark Sun, Ajaw (c.810)

• Jewel K'awiil, Ajaw (c.849)

• Jasaw Chan K'awiil II, Ajaw (c.869)

Asia

Asia: Central

Tibet

• Tibetan Empire (complete list) –

• Sadnalegs, Emperor (c.800/04–c.815)

• Ralpacan, Emperor (815–836)

• Langdarma, Emperor (836–842)

Uzbekistan

• Samanid Empire (complete list) –

• Nuh ibn Asad, Amir (819–841)

• Yahya ibn Asad, Amir (819–855)

• Ahmad ibn Asad, Amir (819–864)

• Ilyas ibn Asad, Amir (819–856)

• Ibrahim ibn Ilyas, Amir (856–867)

• Nasr I, Amir (864–892)

• Isma'il ibn Ahmad, Amir (892–907)

Asia: East

Turks

• Uyghur Khaganate (complete list) –

• Ai tengride ülüg bulmïsh alp qutlugh ulugh bilge, Khagan (795–808)

• Ai tengride qut bulmïsh külüg bilge, Khagan (808–821)

• Kün tengride ülüg bulmïsh alp küchlüg bilge, Khagan (821–824)

• Ai tengride qut bulmïsh alp bilge, Khagan (824–832)

• Ai tengride qut bulmïsh alp külüg bilge, Khagan (832–839)

• Kürebir, Khagan (839–840)

• Öge, Khagan (841–847)

China

• Tang dynasty (complete list) –

• Dezong, Emperor (780–805)

• Shunzong, Emperor (805)

• Xianzong, Emperor (806–820)

• Muzong, Emperor (821–824)

• Jingzong, Emperor (824–826)

• Wenzong, Emperor (826–840)

• Wuzong, Emperor (840–846)

• Xuānzong, Emperor (846–859)

• Yizong, Emperor (859–873)

• Xizong, Emperor (873–888)

• Zhaozong, Emperor (888–904)

Japan

• Heian period Japan (complete list) –

• Kanmu, Emperor (781–806)

• Heizei, Emperor (806–809)

• Saga, Emperor (809–823)

• Junna, Emperor (823–833)

• Ninmyō, Emperor (833–850)

• Montoku, Emperor (850–858)

• Seiwa, Emperor (858–876)

• Yōzei, Emperor (876–884)

• Kōkō, Emperor (884–887)

• Uda, Emperor (887–897)

• Daigo, Emperor (897–930)

Korea: North–South States Period

• Balhae (complete list) –

• Gang, King (794–809)

• Jeong, King (809–812)

• Hui, King (812–817)

• Gan, King (817–818)

• Seon, King (818–830)

• Dae Ijin, King (830–857)

• Dae Geonhwang, King (857–871)

• Dae Hyeonseok, King (871–894)

• Dae Wihae, King (894–906)
• Later Silla (complete list) –

• Aejang, King (800–809)

• Heondeok, King (809–826)

• Heungdeok, King (826–836)

• Huigang, King (836–838)

• Minae, King (838–839)

• Sinmu, King (839)

• Munseong, King (839–857)

• Heonan, King (857–861)

• Gyeongmun, King (861–875)

• Heongang, King (875–886)

• Jeonggang, King (886–887)

• Jinseong, King (887–897)

• Hyogong, King (897–912)

Asia: Southeast

Indonesia: Java

• Mataram Kingdom

Shailendra dynasty/Sanjaya dynasty (complete list) –

• Samaragrawira, King (800—819)

• Samaratungga, King (812—833)

• Pramodhawardhani, Queen (833—856)

• Rakai Pikatan, King (838—850)

• Balaputra, King (835–860)

• Balitung, King (899–911)
• Sunda Kingdom (complete list) –

• Pucukbumi Darmeswara, Maharaja (795–819)

• Prabu Gajah Kulon Rakeyan Wuwus, Maharaja (819–891)

• Prabu Darmaraksa, Maharaja (891–895)

• Windusakti Prabu Dewageng, Maharaja (895–913)

Malaysia: Peninsular

• Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –

• Maha Jiwa, Maharaja (c.788–832)

• Karma II, Maharaja (c.832–880)

• Darma Raja II, Maharaja (c.880–956)

Thailand

• Ngoenyang (complete list) –

• Lao Gab, King (8th–9th century)

Vietnam

• Champa (complete list) –

• Indravarman I, King (c.787–c.803)

Asia: South

Afghanistan

• Ghurid dynasty (complete list) –

• Amir Suri, Malik (9th–10th century)
• Turk Shahi (complete list) –

• Pati Dumi, King (?–815)

• Lagaturman, King (815–c.850)

Bengal and Northeast India

• Chavda dynasty (complete list) –

• Vanaraja Chavda, King (c.765–780)

• Yogaraja, King (c.806–841)

• Ratnaditya, King (c.842–845)

• Vairisimha, King (c.845–856)

• Kshemaraja, King (c.856–880)

• Chamunda or Bhuyada, King (c.881–908)
• Kamarupa

Mlechchha dynasty (complete list) –

• Salambha, King (795–815)

• Harjjaravarman, King (815–832)

• Vanamalavarman, King (832–855)

• Jayamala, King (855–860)

• Balavarman III, King (860–880)

• Tyagasimha, King (890–900)
• Mallabhum (complete list) –

• Kharga Malla, King (841–862)
• Pala Empire (complete list) –

• Dharmapala, King (8th–9th century)

• Devapala, King (9th century)

• Mahendrapala, King (9th century)

• Shurapala I, King (9th century)

• Vigrahapala I, King (9th century)

• Narayanapala, King (9th–10th century)

India

• Chahamanas of Shakambhari (complete list) –

• Govindaraja I, King (c.809–836)

• Chandraraja II, King (c.836–863)

• Govindaraja II, King (c.863–890)

• Chandanaraja, King (c.890–917)
• Chandelas of Jejakabhukti (complete list) –

• Nannuka, King (c.831–845)

• Vakpati, King (c.845–865)

• Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) and Vijayashakti, King (c.865–885)

• Rahila, King (c.885–905)^{[3] [4]}
• Eastern Chalukyas (complete list) –

• Vishnuvardhana IV, King (772–808)

• Vijayaditya II, King (808–847)

• Kali Vishnuvardhana V, King (847–849)

• Vijayaditya III, King (849–892)

• Chalukya Bhima I, King (892–921)
• Chera/Perumals of Makotai (complete list) –

• Rama Rajasekhara, King (c.800–844)

• Sthanu Ravi Varma, King (c.844–883)

• Goda Ravi, King (c.883–913)
• Chola dynasty (complete list) –

• Vijayalaya Chola, King (c.850–870)

• Aditya I, King (870–907)
• Eastern Ganga dynasty (complete list) –

• Anantavarman III, King (c.808–812)

• Rajendravarman II, King (c.812–840)

• Devendravarman IV, King (893–?)

• Devendravarman V, King (c.885–895)

• Gunamaharnava I, King (c.895–939)

• Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I), King (c.895–939)
• Western Ganga dynasty (complete list) –

• Shivamara II, King (788–816)

• Rachamalla I, King (816–843)

• Ereganga Neetimarga, King (843–870)

• Rachamalla II, King (870–907)
• Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (complete list) –

• Nagabhata II, King (800–833)

• Ramabhadra, King (833–836)

• Mihira Bhoja, King (836–885)

• Mahendrapala I, King (885–910)
• Kalachuris of Tripuri (complete list) –

• Lakshmanaraja I, King (825–850)

• Kokalla I, King (850–890)

• Shankaragana II, King (890–910)^[5]
• Kumaon Kingdom

Katyuri (complete list) –

• Basantana Dev, King (850–870)

• Kharpar Dev, King (870–880)

• Abhiraj Dev, King (880–890)

• Tribhuvanraj Dev, King (890–900)

• Nimbarta Dev, King (900–915)
• Pandyan dynasty (complete list) –

• Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan, King (765–815)

• Varagunan I, King (800–830)

• Srimara Srivallabha, King (815–862)

• Varagunavarman II, King (862–880)

• Parantaka Viranarayana, King (880–900)

• Maravarman Rajasimha II, King (900–920)
• Paramara dynasty of Malwa (complete list) –

• The Pallava dynasty has two chronologies of rulers.

• Dantivarman, King (late 8th–early 9th century)^[6]

• Nandivarman III, King (mid 9th century)^[6]

• Nirupathungan, King (late 9th century, only in Aiyangar chronology)

• Aparajitavarman, King (882/879–897)^[6]

• The Pallava dynasty has two chronologies of rulers.

• Upendra, King (c.800–c.818)

• Vairisimha I, King (9th century)

• Siyaka I, King (9th century)

• Vakpati I, King (9th–10th century)
• Rashtrakuta dynasty –

• Govinda III, King (793–814)

• Amoghavarsha, King (814–878)

• Krishna II, King (878–914)
• Sisodia (complete list) –

• Bhathabhatt, Rajput (790–813)

• Rawal singh, Rajput (813–820)

• Khumman II, Rajput (820–853)

• Mahayak, Rajput (853–878)

Sri Lanka

• Anuradhapura Kingdom, Sri Lanka (complete list) –

• Mahinda II, King (787–807)

• Dappula II, King (807–812)

• Mahinda III, King (812–816)

• Aggabodhi VIII, King (816–827)

• Dappula III, King (827–843)

• Aggabodhi IX, King (843–846)

• Sena I, King (846–866)

• Sena II, King (866–901)

Asia: West

Mesopotamia

• Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad (complete list) –

• Harun al-Rashid, Caliph (786–809)

• al-Amin, Caliph (809–813)

• al-Ma'mun, Caliph (813–833)

• al-Mu'tasim, Caliph (833–842)

• al-Wathiq, Caliph (842–847)

• al-Mutawakkil, Caliph (847–861)

• al-Muntasir, Caliph (861–862)

• al-Musta'in, Caliph (862–866)

• al-Mu'tazz, Caliph (866–869)

• al-Muhtadi, Caliph (869–870)

• al-Mu'tamid, Caliph (870–892)

• al-Mu'tadid, Caliph (892–902)

Persia

• Saffarid dynasty (complete list) –

• Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, Amir (861–879)

• Amr ibn al-Layth, Amir (879–901)
• Samanid Empire (complete list) –

• Nuh ibn Asad, Amir (819–841)

• Yahya ibn Asad, Amir (819–855)

• Ahmad ibn Asad, Amir (819–864)

• Ilyas ibn Asad, Amir (819–856)

• Ibrahim ibn Ilyas, Amir (856–867)

• Nasr I, Amir (864–892)

• Isma'il ibn Ahmad, Amir (892–907)

Yemen

• Yemeni Zaidi State (complete list) –

• Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Imam (783–818)

• Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Caliph (815-818)

• al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya, Imam (897–911)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

• First Bulgarian Empire (complete list) –

• Kardam, Khan (777–803)

• Krum, Khan (803–814)

• Omurtag, Khan (814–831)

• Malamir, Khan (831–836)

• Presian I, Khan (836–852)

• Boris I, Knyaz (852–889)

• Vladimir, Knyaz (889–893)

• Simeon I, Emperor (893–927)
• Byzantine Empire (complete list) –

• Irene, Regent (780–790, 792–797), Empress (797–802)

• Nikephoros I, Emperor (802–811)

• Staurakios, Co-Emperor (802–811), Emperor (811)

• Michael I Rangabe, Emperor (811–813)

• Theophylact, Co-Emperor (811–813)

• Leo V the Armenian, Emperor (813–820)

• Constantine (Symbatios), Junior Emperor (813–820)

• Michael II the Amorian, Emperor (820–829)

• Theophilos, Emperor (829–842)

• Michael III, Emperor (842–867)

• Basil I the Macedonian, Emperor (867–886)

• Leo VI the Wise, Co-Emperor (870–886), Emperor (886–912)
• Emirate of Crete (complete list) –

• Abu Hafs Umar al-Iqritishi, Emir (827/828–c.855)

• Shu'ayb ibn Umar, Emir (c.855–880)

• Abu Abdallah Umar ibn Shu'ayb, Emir (c.880–895)

• Muhammad ibn Shu'ayb al-Zarkun, Emir (c.895–910)
• Duchy of Croatia (complete list) –

• Višeslav, Duke (c.785–c.802)

• Borna, Duke (c.810–821)

• Vladislav, Duke (821–c.823)

• Ljudemisl, Duke (c.823–c.835)

• Mislav, Duke (c.835–c.845)

• Trpimir I, Duke (845–864)

• Domagoj, Duke (864–876)

• Iljko, Duke (876–878)

• Zdeslav, Duke (878–879)

• Muncimir, Duke (892–910)
• Principality of Serbia (complete list) –

• Višeslav, King (814–822)

• Radoslav, Prince (814–822)

• Prosigoj, Prince (?–c.830)

• Vlastimir, Prince (c.830–851)

• Mutimir, Prince (c.850–891)

• Pribislav, Prince (891–892)

• Petar, Prince (892–917)

Europe: British Isles

Great Britain: Scotland

• Dál Riata (complete list) –

• Caustantín mac Fergusa, King (unknown)

• Conall mac Taidg, King (c.805–807)

• Conall mac Áedáin, King (c.807–811)

• Domnall mac Caustantín, King (c.811–835)

• Óengus II, King (unknown)

• Eóganán mac Óengusa, King (unknown)

• Áed mac Boanta, King (c.835–839)

• Alpín mac Echdach, King (unknown)

• Cináed mac Ailpín, King (unknown)
• Picts (complete list) –

• Constantine (I), King (789–820)

• Óengus II, King (820–834)

• Drest IX, King (834–837)

• Eóganan, King (837–839)

• Uurad, competitor King (839–842)

• Bridei VI, competitor King (842–843)

• Ciniod II, competitor King (843)

• Bridei VII, competitor King (843–845)

• Drest X, competitor King (845–848)
• The Picts, traditionally The Scots (complete list) –

• Kenneth MacAlpin, King (843–858)

• Domnall mac Ailpí, or Donald I, King (858–862)

• Causantín mac Cináeda, or Constantine I (II), King (862–877)

• Áed mac Cináeda, King (877–878)

• Giric, King (878–889)

• Eochaid, disputed King (c.878–889)

• Donald II, King (889–900)

• Constantine II (III), King (900–943)
• Kingdom of Strathclyde / Alt Clut (complete list) –

• Cynan, King (798–816)

• Dumnagual IV, King (816–?)

• Constantine, King (? 859)

• Neithon, King (859–?)

• Artgal, King (?–872)

• Run, King (872–878)

• Eochaid, King (uncertain)

• Donald I, King (889–900)

• Donald II, King (889–900)

• Constantine II (III), King (900–943)
• Lochlann –

• Gofraid of Lochlann,^[7] King (pre-872–873)^[8]
• Isle of Man (complete list) –

• Gwriad, King (?–825)

• Merfyn Frych, King (825–836)
• Kingdom of the Isles (complete list) –

• Ketill Flatnose,^[9] King (9th century)^[10]

Great Britain: Northumbria

• Kingdom of Northumbria (complete list) –

• Eardwulf, King (796–806/808)

• Ælfwald II, King (806/808–808/810)

• Eanred, King (810–841)

• Æthelred II, King (840/841–844, 858–862)

• Redwulf, King (844)

• Osberht, King (844–848/849, 867)

• Ælla II, King (862/863–867)
• Norse era Northumbria / Scandinavian York (complete list) –

• Ecgberht, King (867–872)

• Ricsige, King (872–876)

• Halfdan Ragnarsson, King (876–877)

• Interregnum

• Guthfrith I, King (c.883–895)

• Siefredus, King (c.895–900)

• Cnut, King (c.900–905)

Great Britain: England

• The Britons (complete list) –

• Cynan Dindaethwy, King (798–816)

• Merfyn Frych, King (825–844)

• Rhodri ap Merfyn, King (844–878)

• Anarawd ap Rhodri, King (878–916)
• Kingdom of East Anglia (complete list) –

• Cœnwulf, King (?–821), also King of Kent and of Mercia

• Ceolwulf, King (821–823), also King of Kent and of Mercia

• Beornwulf, King (823–826), also King of Mercia

• Æthelstan, King post-827–840s)

• Æthelweard, King (840s–854)

• Edmund the Martyr, King (855–869)

• Oswald, Sub-King (870s)

• Æthelred II, Sub-King (870s)

• Guthrum, King (879–890)

• Eohric, King (890–902)
• Kingdom of Essex (complete list) –

• Sigered

• King (798–812)

• Duke (812–825)
• Kingdom of Kent (complete list) –

• Cuthred, King (797/798–807)

• Coenwulf, King (fl. 809)

• Ceolwulf I, King (fl. 822–823)

• Baldred, King (?–825)

• Egbert, King (825–839)

• Æthelwulf, King (825–858)

• Æthelstan, King (fl. 839–851)

• Æthelberht, King (fl. 855–866)

• Æthelred, King (866–871)
• Mercia (complete list –

• Coenwulf, King (796–821), also King of Kent and of East Anglia

• Ceolwulf I, King (821–823), also King of Kent and of East Anglia

• Beornwulf, King (823–826), also King of East Anglia

• Ludeca, King (826–827)

• Wiglaf, King (827–829, 830–839)

• Ecgberht, King (829–830)

• Wigmund, King (c.840)

• Ælfflæd, Regent (c.840)

• Beorhtwulf, King (840–852)

• Burgred, King (852–874)

• Ceolwulf II, King (874–c.879)

• Æthelred II, Lord (c.881–911)
• Kingdom of Wessex (complete list) –

• Beorhtric, King (786–802)

• Egbert, King (802–839)

• Æthelwulf, King (839–858)

• Æthelbald, King (858–860)

• Æthelberht, King (860–865)

• Æthelred, King (865–871)

• Alfred the Great, King (871–899)

• Edward the Elder, King (899–924)

Great Britain: Wales

• Glywysing (complete list) –

• Arthfael Hen ap Rhys, King (785–c.825)

• Rhys ap Arthfael, King (c.830–c.840)

• Hywel ap Rhys, King (c.840–886)

• Owain ap Hywel, King (886–c.930)
• Gwent (complete list) –

• Athrwys ap Ffernfael, King (774–810)

• Idwallon ap Gwrgant, King (810–842)

• Ithel ap Hywel, King (842–848)

• Meurig ap Hywel, King (848–849)

• Meurig ap Arthfael Hen, King (849–874)

• Ffernfael ap Meurig, King (fl. 880s)

• Brochfael ap Meurig, King (c.872-910)
• Kingdom of Gwynedd (complete list) –

• Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri, King (c.798–816)

• Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog, King (814–825)

• Merfyn Frych, King (825–844)

• Rhodri the Great, King (844–878)

• Anarawd ap Rhodri, King (878–916)
• Seisyllwg –

• , King (770–807)

• Gwgon ap Meurig, King (808–872)

• Cadell ap Rhodri, King (872–909)
• Kingdom of Powys (complete list) –

• Cadell ap Brochfael, King (773–808)

• Cyngen ap Cadell, King (808–854)

• Rhodri Mawr, King (854–878)

• Merfyn ap Rhodri, King (878–900)

• Llywelyn ap Merfyn, King (900–942)

Ireland

• Ireland (complete list) –

• Áed Oirdnide, High King (793–817)

• Conchobar mac Donnchada, High King (819–833)

• Fedelmid mac Crimthainn, High King (836–841)

• Niall Caille, High King (832–846)

• Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid, High King (846–860)

• Áed Findliath, High King (861–876)

• Flann Sinna, High King (877–914)
• Kingdom of Ailech (complete list) –

• Áed Oirdnide mac Néill, King (788–819)

• Murchad mac Máele Dúin, King (819–823)

• Niall Caille mac Áeda, King (823–846)

• Máel Dúin mac Áeda, King (846–?)

• Áed Findliath mac Néill, King (c.855–879)

• Murchad mac Máele Dúin, King (879–887)

• Flaithbertach mac Murchado, King (887–896)

• Domnall mac Áeda, King (887–915)

• Niall Glúndub mac Áeda, King (896–919)
• Airgíalla (complete list) –

• Cu Masach mac Cathal, King (?–825)

• Gofraidh mac Fearghus, King (fl.835)

• Foghartaigh mac Mael Breasal, King (?–850/852)

• Congalach mac Finnachta, King (?–874)

• Mael Padraig mac Mael Curarada, King (?–882)

• Maol Craoibh ua Duibh Sionach, King (?–917)
• Kingdom of Breifne (complete list) –

• Muircheartach mac Donnghal, King (c.800–806)

• Mael Dúin mac Échtgal, King (?–822)

• Ceallach son of Cearnach, King (?)

• Tighearnán mac Seallachan, King (c.888)

• Ruarc mac Tighearnáin, Lord (c.893)
• Connachta (complete list) –

• Muirgius mac Tommaltaig, King (796–815)

• Diarmait mac Tommaltaig, King (815–833)

• Cathal mac Muirgiussa, King (833–839)

• Murchad mac Áedo, King (839–840)

• Fergus mac Fothaid, King (840–843)

• Conchobar mac Taidg Mór, King (872–882)

• Áed mac Conchobair, King (882–888)

• Tadg mac Conchobair, King (888–900)

• Cathal mac Conchobair, King (900–925)
• Kingdom of Dublin (complete list) –

• Amlaíb Conung, King (c.853–871)

• Ímar, King (c.857–873)

• Auisle, King (c.863–867)

• Oistin mac Amlaíb, possibly king (873–875)

• Halfdan Ragnarsson, disputed king (875–877)

• Bárid mac Ímair, King (873–881)

• Sichfrith mac Ímair, King (?–888)

• Sitriuc mac Ímair, King (?–896)

• Sichfrith Jarl, disputed king (893–?)

• Glúniarann, King (c.895)

• Ímar ua Ímair, King (?–904)
• Leinster (complete list) –

• Fínsnechta Cethardec, King (795–808)

• Muiredach mac Brain (died 818), King (808–818)

• Muiredach mac Ruadrach, King (818–829)

• Cellach mac Brain, King (829–834)

• Bran mac Fáeláin, King (834–838)

• Túathal mac Máele-Brigte, King (851–854)

• Ruarc mac Brain, King (854–862)

• Muirecán mac Diarmata, King (862–863)

• Dúnlaing mac Muiredaig, King (863–869)

• Ailill mac Dúnlainge (died 871), King (869–871)

• Domnall mac Muirecáin, King (871–884)

• Muiredach mac Brain, King (884–885)

• Cerball mac Muirecáin, King (885–909)
• Kingdom of Meath (complete list) –

• Muiredach mac Domnaill Midi, King (799–802)

• Diarmait mac Donnchado, King (802–803)

• Conchobar mac Donnchado, King (803–833)

• Niall mac Diarmato, King (?–826)

• Máel Ruanaid mac Donnchada Midi, King (833–843)

• Fland mac Maele Ruanaid, King (843–845)

• Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid, King (845–862)

• Lorcán mac Cathail, King (862–864)

• Conchobar mac Donnchado, King (?–864)

• Donnchad mac Aedacain, King (864–877)

• Flann Sinna mac Maíl Sechnaill, King (877–916)
• Uí Maine (complete list) –

• Dub Dá Leithe mac Tomaltach, King (?–816)

• Cathal mac Murchadh, King (794–816)

• Cathal mac Ailell, King (834–844)

• Mughroin mac Sochlachan, King (?–904)
• Ulaid / Ulster (complete list) –

• Eochaid mac Fiachnai, King (790–810)

• Cairell mac Fiachnai, King (810–819)

• Máel Bressail mac Ailillo, King (819–825)

• Muiredach mac Eochada, King (825–839)

• Matudán mac Muiredaig, King (839–857)

• Lethlobar mac Loingsig, King (857–873)

• Cathalán mac Indrechtaig, King (857–871)

• Ainbíth mac Áedo, King (873–882)

• Eochocán mac Áedo, King (882–883)

• Airemón mac Áedo, King (882–886)

• Fiachnae mac Ainbítha, King (886–886)

• Bécc mac Airemóin, King (886–893)

• Muiredach mac Eochocáin, King (893–895)

• Máel Mocheirge mac Indrechtaig, King (893–896)

• Aitíth mac Laigni, King (896–898)

• Cenn Etig mac Lethlobair, King (896–900)

• Áed mac Eochocáin, King (898–919)

Europe: Central

• East Francia, later Kingdom of Germany (complete list) –

• Louis the German, King (843–876)

• Louis the Younger, King (880–882)

• Charles the Fat, King (882–887)

• Arnulf, King (887–899)

• Louis the Child, King (899–911)
• Duchy of Alsace (see also) –

• Charles, Duke (829–831)

• Hugh, Duke (867–885)
• Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg (complete list) –

• Adalbero, Prince-bishop (887–909)
• Duchy of Bavaria (complete list) –

• Louis II the German, King (817–843)

• Carloman, King (876–880)

• Louis III the Younger, King (880–882)

• Charles the Fat, King (882–887)

• Engeldeo, Margrave (890–895)

• Luitpold, Margrave (895–907)
• Bohemians –

• Lech, Prince (?–805)
• Duchy of Bohemia (complete list) –

• Bořivoj I (c.867–c.889)

• Spytihněv I (c.894–915)
• March of Carinthia –

• Gundachar, Margrave (858–863), Prefect (863–869)
• Duchy of Franconia (complete list) –

• Henry, Margrave (882–892)
• County of Hainaut (complete list) –

• Reginar I, Count (870–898, 908–915)

• Sigard, Count (898–908)
• County of Frisia / County of Holland (complete list) –

• Gerolf, Count (880–896)

• Dirk I, Count (896–931)
• Lotharingia (complete list) –

• Lothair II, King (855–869)

• Charles the Bald, King (869–870)

• Louis the Younger, King (880–882)

• Charles the Fat, King (882–887)

• Arnulf of Carinthia, King (887–895)

• Zwentibold, King (895–900)

• Louis the Child, King (900–911)
• Magyar tribes (complete list) –

• Álmos, Grand Prince (c.850–c.895)

• Árpád, Grand Prince (c.895–c.907)
• Prince-Bishopric of Mainz (complete list) –

• Richholf, Prince-archbishop (787–813)

• Adolf, Prince-archbishop (813–826)

• Odgar, Prince-archbishop (826–847)

• Rabanus Maurus, Prince-archbishop (848–856)

• Karl, Prince-archbishop (856–863)

• Ludbert, Prince-archbishop (863–889)

• Sunderhold, Prince-archbishop (889–891)

• Hatto I, Prince-archbishop (891–913)
• Great Moravia (complete list) –

• Mojmir I, Duke (c.830–846)

• Rastislav, Duke (846–870)

• Slavomir, Duke (871)

• Svatopluk I, Duke (870–871, (871–pre-885), King (pre-885–894)

• Mojmír II, Duke (894–906)
• Margraviate of the Nordgau –

• Ernest, Margrave (?–861)^[11]

• Rodold, Margrave (861–c.880)^[11]

• Engeldeo, Margrave (c.880–895)^[11]

• Luitpold, Margrave (895–903)
• Obotrites (complete list) –

• Thrasco, Prince (?–c.800)

• Slavomir, Prince (pre-810–819)

• Ceadrag, Prince (819–post-826)

• Selibur, Prince (9th century?)
• Duchy of Saxony (complete list) –

• Abo, Duke (fl.c.785–811)

• Widukind, Duke (fl.c.777–810)

• Liudolf I, Duke (850–864/866)

• Bruno, Duke (864/866–880)

• Otto I, Duke (880–912)
• March of Pannonia (complete list) –

• Radbod, Margrave/Prefect (833–854)

• Carloman of Bavaria, Margrave/Prefect (856–?)

• William, co-Margrave (?–871)

• Engelschalk I, co-Margrave (?–871)

• Aribo, Margrave (871–909)

• Engelschalk II, Margrave in opposition (c.871–893)

• Luitpold, Margrave (893–907)
• Sorbs –

• Miliduch, Duke (fl.790–806)

• Tunglo, Duke (?–826)

• Czimislav, King (fl.830–840)

• Čestibor, King (c.840–859)

• Slavibor, Prince (c.859–894)

• Dragomir, Prince (894–?)
• Prince-Bishopric of Speyer (complete list) –

• Goddank, Prince-bishop (881–895/898)

• Einhard, Prince-bishop (895/898–913)
• Landgraviate of Sundgau –

• Hugo, Graf, Count (866–869)

• Liutfrid, Count (876–902)
• Duchy of Thuringia (complete list) –

• Thachulf, Duke (849–873)

• Radulf II, Duke (874–880)

• Poppo, Duke (880–892)

• Egino, Duke (882–886)

• Conrad, Duke (892–906)
• Elector-Bishopric of Trier (complete list) –

• Radbod, Prince-bishop (898–915)
• Prince-Bishopric of Worms (complete list) –

• Gunzo, Prince-bishop (859–872)

• Adelhelm, Prince-bishop (873–890)

• Dietlach, Prince-bishop (890–914)

Europe: East

• Volga Bulgaria (complete list) –

• Tuqyi, ruler (765–815)

• Aidar, ruler (815–865)

• Şilki, Iltäbär (865–882)

• Batyr Mö'min, ruler (882–895)

• Almış, Emir (895–925)
• Khazar Khaganate (complete list) –

Ashina dynasty: Khazar Khagans

• Khan-Tuvan, Khagan (c.825–830)

• Tarkhan, Khagan (840s)

• Zachariah, Khagan (c.861)

Bulanid dynasty

• Obadiah, ruler (c.786–809)

• Hezekiah, ruler (mid 9th-century)

• Manasseh I, ruler (mid 9th-century)

• Chanukkah, ruler (mid 9th-century)

• Isaac, ruler (late 9th-century)

• Zebulun, ruler (late 9th-century)

• Manasseh II, ruler (late 9th-century)

• Nisi ben Menasseh, ruler (late 9th-century)

• Aaron I, ruler (c.900)
• Slavs of Lower Pannonia –

• Vojnomir, Duke (c.790–810)

• Ljudevit (Lower Pannonia), Duke (c.810–823)

• Ratimir, Duke (c.829–838)

• Pribina, Prince (c.846–861)

• Kocel, Prince (c.861–c.876)

• Braslav, Duke (c.882–896)

Europe: Nordic

• Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) (complete list) –

• Harald Fairhair, King (c.872–930)
• Kingdom of Sweden (complete list) –

• Björn Ironside, King (early 9th century)

• Erik Björnsson, King (early 9th century)

• Erik Refilsson, King (early 9th century)

• Anund Uppsale, King (early 9th century)

• Björn at Hauge, King (c.829–831)

• Olof I of Sweden, King (mid 9th century)

• Erik Anundsson, King (mid 9th century)

Europe: Southcentral

Holy Roman Empire in Italy

• Kingdom of Italy (complete list) –

• Pepin, King (781–810)

• Bernard, King (810–818)

• Louis I, King (818–822)

• Lothair I, King (822–855)

• Louis II, King (844–875)

• Charles II the Bald, King (875–877)

• Carloman, King (877–879)

• Charles III the Fat, King (879–887)

Integrum: Simultaneous claimants

• Berengar I, King (888–896)

• Guy of Spoleto, King (889–894)

• Lambert of Spoleto, King (891–896)

• Arnulf of Carinthia, King (894–899)^[12]

• Ratold, sub-King (896)

• Berengar I, King (896–924)

• Lambert of Spoleto, King (896–898)

• Louis III of Provence, King (900–905)
• Principality of Benevento (complete list) –

• Grimoald III, Prince (787–806)

• Grimoald IV, Prince (806–817)

• Sico I, Prince (817–832)

• Sicard, Prince (832–839)

• Radelchis I, Prince (839–851)

• Radelgar, Prince (851–854)

• Adelchis, Prince (854–878)

• Waifer, Prince (878–881)

• Radelchis II, Prince (881–884, 897–900)

• Aiulf II, Prince (884–890)

• Orso, Prince (890–891)

• Guy, Prince (895–897)

• Peter of Benevento, Regent (897)

• Radelchis II, Prince (881–884, 897–900)

• Atenulf I, Prince (900–910)
• March of Istria –

• John, Duke (c.804)
• Papal States (complete list) –

• Leo III, Pope (795–816)

• Stephen IV, Pope (816–817)

• Paschal I, Pope (817–824)

• Eugene II, Pope (824–827)

• Valentine, Pope (827)

• Gregory IV, Pope (827–844)

• Sergius II, Pope (844–847)

• Leo IV, Pope (847–855)

• Benedict III, Pope (855–858)

• Nicholas I, Pope (858–867)

• Adrian II, Pope (867–872)

• John VIII, Pope (872–882)

• Marinus I, Pope (882–884)

• Adrian III, Pope (884–885)

• Stephen V, Pope (885–891)

• Formosus, Pope (891–896)

• Boniface VI, Pope (896)

• Stephen VI, Pope (896–897)

• Romanus, Pope (897)

• Theodore II, Pope (897)

• John IX, Pope (898–900)

• Benedict IV, Pope (900–903)
• Duchy of Spoleto (complete list) –

• Winiges, Duke (789–822)

• Suppo I, Duke (822–824)

• Adelard, Duke (824)

• Mauring, Duke (824)

• Adelchis I, Duke (824–834)

• Lambert of Nantes, Duke (834–836)

• Berengar, Duke (836–841)

• Guy I, Duke (842–859)

• Lambert I, Duke (859–871)

• Suppo II, Duke (871–876)

• Lambert I, Duke (876–880)

• Guy II, Duke (880–883)

• Guy III, Duke (883–894)

• Lambert II, Duke (894–898)

• Guy IV, Duke (895–898)

• Alberic I, Duke (898–922)

• Pietro I Candiano, Doge (887–888)

• Pietro Tribuno, Doge (888–912)
• March of Tuscany (complete list) –

• Boniface I, Margrave (812–813)

• Boniface II, Margrave (828–834)

• Aganus, Margrave (835–845)

• Adalbert I, Margrave (847–886)

• Adalbert II the Rich, Margrave (886–915)
• Republic of Venice (complete list) –

• Giovanni Galbaio, Doge (787–804)

• Obelerio Antenoreo, Doge (804–811)

• Agnello Participazio, Doge (811–827)

• Giustiniano Participazio, Doge (827–829)

• Giovanni I Participazio, Doge (829–837)

• Pietro Tradonico, Doge (837–864)

• Orso I Participazio, Doge (864–881)

• Giovanni II Participazio, Doge (881–887)

• Pietro I Candiano, Doge (887–888)

• Pietro Tribuno, Doge (888–912)

Europe: Southwest

Iberian Peninsula

• Kingdom of Asturias (complete list) –

• Alfonso II, King (791–842)

• Nepotian, King (842)

• Ramiro I, King (842–850)

• Ordoño I, King (850–866)

• Alfonso III, King (866–910)
• Emirate of Córdoba (complete list) –

• al-Hakam I, Emir (796–822)

• Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir (822–852)

• Muhammad I, Emir (852–886)

• Al-Mundhir, Emir (886–888)

• Abdallah ibn Muhammad, Emir (888–912)

Marca Hispanica

• County of Osona (complete list) –

• Borrell, Count (798–820)

• Rampon, Count (820–825)

• Bernard, Count (825–826)

• Aisso, Count (826–827)

• Guillemó, Count (826–827)
• County of Cerdanya (complete list) –

• Borrell, Count (798–820)

• Aznar Galíndez, Count (820–824)

• Galindo Aznárez, Count (824–834)

• Sunifred I, Count (834–848)

• Solomon, Count (848–869)

• Wilfred I the Hairy, Count (869–897)

• Miró II, Count (897–927)
• County of Urgell (complete list) –

• Borrell, Count (798–820)

• Aznar I Galíndez, Count (820–824)

• Galindo I Aznárez, Count (824–834)

• Sunifred I, Count (834–848)

• Solomon (or Miró), Count (848–870)

• Wilfred the Hairy, Count (870–897)

• Sunifred II, Count (898–948)

Europe: West

Franks

• Frankish Empire (complete list) –

• Charlemagne, King (768–814), Holy Roman Emperor (800–814)

• Louis I the Pious, King and Holy Roman Emperor (813–840)

Middle Francia

• Middle Francia –

• Lothair I, King (843–855)
• Upper Burgundy (complete list) –

• Lothar II, King (855–869)

• Rudolph I, King (888–912)
• Lotharingia (complete list) –

• Lothair II, King (855–869)

• Charles the Bald, King (869–870)

• Louis the Younger, King (880–882)

• Charles the Fat, King (882–887)

• Arnulf of Carinthia, King (887–895)

• Zwentibold, King (895–900)

• Louis the Child, King (900–911)

West Francia

• West Francia (complete list) –

• Charles II, called the Bald, 843–877

• Aquitaine: Charles the Child, 855–866; Louis the Stammerer, 866–877

• Neustria: Louis the Stammerer, 856–877

• Louis II, called the Stammerer, 877–879

• Louis III, 879–882, jointly with

• Carloman II, 879–884

• Charles the Fat, 884–888, Emperor 881

• Odo,* 888–898

• Aquitaine: Ranulf II, 888–889 (Ramnulfid, not Carolingian)

• Charles the Simple, King (898–922)
• Duchy of Aquitaine (complete list) –

• William I (893–918)
• County of Artois (complete list) –

• Odalric, Count (c.850s)

• Altmar, Count (c.890s)

• Adelelm, Count (?–932)
• Auvergne (complete list) –

• Guerin of Provence, Count (819–839)

• Gerard, Count of Auvergne, Count (839–841)

• William I, Count (841–846)

• Bernard I, Count (846–858)
• County of Boulogne (complete list) –

• Baldwin I, Count (896–918)
• Duchy of Brittany (complete list) –

• Alan I (876–907)
• Duchy of Burgundy (complete list) –

• Richard the Justiciar (898–921)
• Duchy of Gascony (complete list) –

• Gassia II (893–c.930)
• County of Paris (complete list) –

• Stephen, Count (778–811)

• Beggo, Count (815–816)

• Leuthard I of Paris, Count (816)

• Gerard II, Count (816)

• Leuthard II of Paris, Count (816–?)

• Conrad, Count (858–859)

• Adalard, Count (877)
• County of Poitou (complete list) –

• Renaud, Count (795–843)

• , Count (814–828)

• Bernard II, Count (840–844)

• Emenon, Count (828–839)

• Ranulph I, Count (839–866)

• Ranulph II, Count (866–890)^[13]

• Robert I, Count (866–923)

• Aymar, Count (892–902)

• Ebalus, Count (890–893, 902–935)
• Kingdom of Provence (complete list) –

• Louis the Blind, King (887–928)
• County of Toulouse (complete list) –

• William of Gellone, Count (790–806)

• Beggo, Count (806–816)

• Berengar, Count (816–835)

• Bernard of Septimania, Count (835–842)

• Acfred, Count (842–843)

• William of Septimania, Count (844–849)

• Fredelon, Count (844–852)

• Raymond I, Count (852–863)

• Humfrid, Count (863–865)

• Sunyer, Count (863–865)

• Bernard II, Count (865–877)

• Bernard III Plantapilosa, Count (877–886)

• Odo, Count (886–918)

• William II of Aquitaine, Count (858–862, 918–926)

• Stephen, Count (862–863)

• Bernard Plantapilosa, Count (864–886)

• William I of Aquitaine, Count (886–918)

Eurasia: Caucasus

• Kingdom of Abkhazia (complete list) –

• Leon II, King (c.767–811)

• Theodosius II, King (c.811–837)

• Demetrius II, King (c.837–872)

• George I, King (c.872–878)

• Bagrat I, King (c.887–898)

• Constantine III, King (c.898–916)
• Arminiya (complete list) –

• Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani, Emir (799–801)

• Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, Emir (801–802)

• Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, Emir (802–803)

• Khuzayma ibn Khazim, Emir (803–?)

• Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, Emir (c. 810)

• Ishaq ibn Sulayman, Emir (c. 813)

• Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (813–?)

• Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (828–832)

• Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (841)

• Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (c. 842–844)

• Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani, Emir (c. 842/844–?)

• Abu Sa'id Muhammad al-Marwazi, Emir (849–851)

• Yusuf ibn Abi Sa'id al-Marwazi, Emir (851–852)

• Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani, Emir (857–862)

• Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani, Emir (862–863)

• Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, Emir (870–878)
• Bagratid Armenia (complete list) –

• Ashot I, King (884–890)

• Smbat I, King (890–912)
• Kingdom of Hereti (complete list) –

• Sahl Smbatean, Prince (815–840)

• Adarnase I, Prince (840–865)

• Hama I, Prince (865–893)

• Adarnase II, King (897–943)
• Principality of Iberia (complete list) –

• Ashot I, Prince (813–830)

• Bagrat I, Prince (842/843–876)

• David I, Prince (876–881)

• Gurgen I, Prince (881–891)
• Kingdom of the Iberians (complete list) –

• Adarnase IV, King (888–923)
• First Kingdom of Kakheti (complete list) –

• Juansher, Prince (786–807)

• Grigol, Prince (786–827)

• Vache Kvabulidze, Prince (827–839)

• Samuel, Donauri, Prince (839–861)

• Gabriel, Donauri, Prince (861–881)

• Padla I Arevmaneli, Prince (881–893)

• Kvirike I, Prince (893–918)
• Klarjeti (complete list) –

• Sumbat I Mampali, King (870–889)

• Bagrat I, King (889–900)

• David I, King (900–943)

Oceania

Easter Island

• Easter Island (complete list) –

• Ouaraa, King (c.800)

• Koroharua, King (?)

• Mahuta Ariiki, King (?)

• Atua Ure Rangi, King (?)

• Atuamata, King (?)

• Uremata, King (?)

See also

• List of political entities in the 9th century

Notes and References

1. This is primarily covered in the chronicle of al-Nuwayri.
2. Dates with question marks are calculated on the basis of a secondary source http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:FMO9uy6RKTUJ:www.mcb-algerie.org/barghwata.htm+barghwata+842&hl=en. Other info is from Ibn Khaldun.
3. Book: Dikshit, R. K. . The Candellas of Jejākabhukti . Abhinav . 1976 . 9788170170464 . 25.
4. Book: Sushil Kumar Sullerey . Chandella Art . 2004 . Aakar Books . 978-81-87879-32-9 . 25.
5. Rajiv Kumar Verma . Kalachuri Inscriptions : A Reflection of Dwindling Political Power . Veethika . 1 . 3 . 2015 .
6. Book: Sen, Sailendra . A Textbook of Medieval Indian History . Primus Books . 2013 . 978-9-38060-734-4 . 41–42.
7. Ó Corráin (1998) p. 34
8. Ó Corráin (1998) pp. 36–37
9. Gregory (1881) pp. 4–6
10. http://www.snl.no/Ketil_Flatnev Ketil Flatnev (Store norske leksikon)
11. Bowlus, 287.
12. Bryce, James The Holy Roman Empire (1913), pg. xxxv
13. Monarchs, Counts, Dynasties And Kingdoms Of The World, by R F Tapsell, 1983, Facts On File, Inc., New York, NY, page 211.

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