List of state leaders in the 5th century BC explained

State leaders in the 6th century BC – State leaders in the 4th century BC – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 5th century BC (500–401 BC).

Africa: North

Carthage

Magonids (complete list) –

Cyrene

Egypt: Late Period

Kush

Asia

Asia: East

China: Spring and Autumn period (771–c.453 BC)

Eastern Zhou (complete list) –

China: Warring States period (c.453–221 BC)

Eastern Zhou (complete list) –

Asia: Southeast

Vietnam

Asia: South

India

Haryanka dynasty (complete list) –

Shishunaga dynasty (complete list) –

Sri Lanka

NamePeriodEraHouseReignDuration
FromTo(years, months, days)
2PanduvasdevaPre AnuradhapuraTambapanni
(complete list)		Vijaya504 BC474 BC Years
3Abhaya474 BC454 BC Years
-Tissa454 BC437 BC Years
4PandukabhayaAnuradhapuraAnuradhapura
(complete list)		437 BC367 BC Years

Asia: West

Spartocids dynasty (complete list) –

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Argead dynasty (complete list) –

Europe: South

Eurasia: Caucasus

Notes and References

  1. Cadoux suspects this is a corruption of the archon's real name. ("Athenian Archons", p. 116)
  2. Added from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 205
  3. Nine archons were appointed by lot by the tribes from 500 nominees chosen by the demes and that this was the method in the Archonship of Telesinus. See also the Areopagite constitution.
  4. Unless otherwise noted, archons from 480/79 to 348/7 BC are taken from Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), pp. 206–210.
  5. Sophocles: The Oedipus Coloneus. 3d ed. 1900 By Sophocles, Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb. Pg 4. (cf. Micon was [the Archon of] 402 B.C., Callias of [the Archon of] 406 B.C. Between them came Alexias (405), Pythodorus (404, the Anarchy), and Eucleides (403).)
  6. The Thracians 700 BC–AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,, page 5
  7. The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,, page 104
  8. http://sitemaker.umich.edu/mladjov/files/thracian_kings.pdf Thracian Kings, University of Michigan
  9. So the Fasti Capitolini. Diodorus Siculus XI.52.1 names C. Cornelius Lentulus as the colleague of Mamercus (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
  10. so Dionysius of Halicarnassus (IX.37.2) and Fasti Capitolini, which Livy admits is an alternative to the man he names as Mamercus' colleague, Opet. Verginius (II.54.3). Diodorus Siculus (XI.65.1) names L. Stoudios Iulius as Mamercus' colleague. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
  11. So Livy III.25.1, Diodorus XI.88.1, and others; however the Fasti Capitolini makes him suffect consul and puts Carve[tus] or Carve[ntanus] in his place. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
  12. This later pair is given by Diodorus XII.3.1
  13. Livy IV.12.6 records his praenomen as Lucius, while Diodorus XII.36.1 gives it as Titus.
  14. Livy (IV.23.1–3) states Iulius and Verginius were consuls, based on the testimony of Licinius and Macer, while admitting Valerius Antias and Tubero both report Manlius and Sulpicius as consuls. Diodorus (XII.53.1) includes Manlius and Sulpicius as Consular Tribunes for the year. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 258)
  15. Diodorus Siculus (XII.77.1) inserts these two.

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