List of state leaders in the 2nd century BC explained

State leaders in the 3rd century BC – State leaders in the 1st century BC – State leaders by yearThis is a list of state leaders in the 2nd century BC (200–101 BC).

Africa

Africa: Northcentral

Libya

• Cyrene (complete list) –

• Ptolemy Apion, King (c.147–96 BC)

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

• Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (complete list) –

• Ptolemy V Epiphanes, Pharaoh (204–181 BC)

• Cleopatra I Syra, Regent (187–176 BC)

• Ptolemy VI Philometor, Pharaoh (181–164, 163–145 BC)

• Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, Pharaoh (169–164, 144–132/131, 126–116 BC)

• Cleopatra II, Queen (175–164 BC, 163–127, 124–116 BC)

• Ptolemy VIII Physcon, Pharaoh (169–164 BC, 144–132/131 BC, 126–116 BC)

• Cleopatra III, Queen (142–131 BC, 127–101 BC)

• Ptolemy IX Lathyros, Pharaoh (116–110 BC, 110–109 BC, 88–81 BC)

• Ptolemy X Alexander I, Pharaoh (110–109 BC, 107–88 BC)

• Berenice III, Pharaoh (101–88 BC, 81–80 BC)

Nubia

• Kingdom of Kush (complete list) –

• Arqamani, Qore (3rd–2nd century BC)

• Adikhalamani, Qore (early 2nd century BC)

• Shanakdakhete, Kandake (late 2nd century BC)

• Tanyidamani, Qore (2nd–1st century BC)

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

• Numidia (complete list) –

• Vermina, King (202 BC–?)

• Archobarzane, King (?)

• Massinissa, King (202–148 BC)

• Micipsa, King (148–118 BC)

• Adherbal, King (118–117, 117–112 BC)

• Hiempsal I, King (117 BC)

• Jugurtha, King (117–105 BC)

• Gauda, King (105–88 BC)

Morocco

• Mauretania (complete list) –

• Bocchus I, King (c.110–c.80s BC)

Asia

Asia: East

China

• Western Han, China (complete list) –

• Gaozu, Emperor (202–195 BC)

• Hui, Emperor (195–188 BC)

• Qianshao, Emperor (188–184 BC)

• Houshao, Emperor (184–180 BC)

• Wen, Emperor (180–157 BC)

• Jing, Emperor (157–141 BC)

• Wu, Emperor (141–87 BC)

Asia: Southeast

Vietnam

• Triệu dynasty (complete list) –

• Zhao Tuo, King (203–137 BC)

• Zhao Mo, King (137–122 BC)

• Zhao Yingqi, King (122–115 BC)

• Zhao Xing, King (115–112 BC)

• Zhao Jiande, King (112–111 BC)

Asia: South

India

• Maurya Empire (complete list) –

• Devavarman, King (202–195 BC)

• Shatadhanvan, King (195–187 BC)

• Brihadratha, King (187–180 BC)
• Satavahana dynasty (Purana-based chronology)^[1] –

• Krishna, King (205–187 BC)

• Satakarni I, King (187–177 BC)

• Purnotsanga, King (177–159 BC)

• Skandhastambhi, King (159–141 BC)

• Satakarni II, King (141–85 BC)
• Shunga Empire (complete list) –

• Pushyamitra Shunga, Emperor (185–149 BC)

• Agnimitra, Emperor (149–141 BC)

• Vasujyeshtha, Emperor (141–131 BC)

• Vasumitra, Emperor (131–124 BC)

• Bhagabhadra, Emperor (c.110 BC)

Sri Lanka

• Anuradhapura Kingdom (complete list) –

• Ellalan, King (205–161 BC)

• Dutugamunu, King (161–137 BC)

• Saddha Tissa, King (137–119 BC)

• Thulatthana, King (119–119 BC)

• Lanja Tissa, King (119–109 BC)

• Khallata Naga, King (109–104 BC)

• Valagamba, King (104–103, c.89–77 BC)

• Pulahatta, King (103–100 BC)

Asia: West

• Kingdom of Bithynia (complete list) –

• Prusias I Cholus, King (228–182 BC)

• Prusias II Cynegus, King (182–149 BC)

• Nicomedes II Epiphanes, King (149–127 BC)

• Nicomedes III Euergetes, King (127–94 BC)
• Bosporan Kingdom (complete list) –

• Hygiainon, King (c.220–c.200 BC)

• Spartacus V, King (c.200–c.180 BC)

• Pairisades III, King (c.180–c.150 BC)

• Pairisades IV, King (c.150–c.125 BC)

• Pairisades V, King (c.125–108 BC)
• Cappadocia (complete list) –

• Ariarathes IV, King (220–163 BC)

• Ariarathes V, King (163–130 BC)

• Orophernes, King (157 BC)

• Ariarathes VI, King (130–116 BC)

• Ariarathes VII, King (116–101 BC)

• Ariarathes VIII, client King under Rome (101–96 BC)
• Characene (complete list) –

• Hyspaosines, King (c.127–124 BC)

• Apodakos, King (c.110/09–104/03 BC)
• Colchis (complete list) –

• Saulaces, King (2nd century BC)
• Commagene (complete list) –

• Ptolemaeus, King (163–130 BC)

• Sames II, King (130–109 BC)

• Mithridates I, King (109–70 BC)
• Elymais (complete list) –

• Kamnaskires I Megas Soter, client King under Parthia (c.147–c.145 BC)

• Kamnaskires II Nikephoros, client King under Parthia (c.145–c.139 BC)

• Okkonapses, client King under Parthia (c.139/8 BC)

• Tigraios, client King under Parthia (c.138/7–c.133/2 BC)

• Darius, client King under Parthia (before c.129 BC)
• Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (list) –

• Euthydemus I, King (c.230–c.200 BC)

• Demetrius I, King (c. 200–c. 180 BC)

• Euthydemus II, King (c.180 BCE)

• Antimachus I, King (c.185–170 BC)

• Pantaleon, King (190s or 180s BC)

• Agathocles, King (c.190–180 BC)

• Demetrius II, King (155–150 BC)

• Eucratides I, King (170–c.145 BC)

• Plato, co-King (c.166 BC)

• Eucratides II, King (145–140 BC)

• Heliocles I, King (c.145–130 BC)
• Indo-Greek Kingdom (complete list) –

• Demetrius I, Greco-Bactrian King and Indo-Greek King (c.205–171 BC)

• Pantaleon, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (c.190–185 BC)

• Agathocles, King of Paropamisade (c.190–180 BC)

• Antimachus I, Greco-Bactrian King (185–170 BC)

• Apollodotus I, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (c.180–160 BC)

• Antimachus II, King of Paropamisadae, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (c.172–167 BC)

• Demetrius II, King of Bactria (c.155–150 BC)

• Menander I, King of Paropamisadae, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (155/150–130 BC)

• Zoilos I, King of Paropamisade and Arachosia (c.130–120 BC)

• Agathokleia, Regent, Queen of Gandhara and Punjab (c.130–125 BC)

• Lysias, King of Paropamisade and Arachosia (120–110 BC)

• Strato I, King of Gandhara and Punjab (125–110 BC)

• Antialcidas, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, and Gandhara (115–95 BC)

• Heliokles II, King of Gandhara and Punjab (110–100 BC)

• Polyxenios, King of Paropamisade and Arachosia (c.100 BC)

• Demetrius III, King of Gandhara and Punjab (c.100 BC)

• Philoxenus, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (100–95 BC)
• Judea

Hasmonean dynasty (complete list) –

• Judas Maccabeus, Leader of the Maccabees (167–160 BC)

• Jonathan Apphus

• Leader of the Maccabees (160–152 BC)

• High Priest (152–143 BC)

• Simon Thassi, High Priest (142–135 BC) and Prince (141–135 BC)

• John Hyrcanus, High Priest and Prince (134–104 BC)

• Aristobulus I, King and High Priest (104–103 BC)

• Alexander Jannaeus, King and High Priest (103–76 BC)
• Nabataea (complete list) –

• Aretas I, King (c.169 BC)

• Aretas II, King (120/110–96 BC)
• Osroene (complete list) –

• Aryu, King (132–127 BC)

• Abdu, King (127–120 BC)

• Fradhasht, King (120–115 BC)

• Bakru I, King (115–112 BC)

• Bakru II, King (112–94 BC)
• Parthian Empire (complete list) –

• Arsaces II, King (211–191 BC)

• Phriapatius, King (191–176 BC)

• Phraates I, King (176–171 BC)

• Mithridates I, Great King, Shah (171–138 BC)

• Phraates II, Great King, Shah (138–127 BC)

• Artabanus II, Great King, Shah (127–124 BC)

• Mithridates II, Great King, Shah (124–88 BC)
• Attalid kingdom of Pergamon (complete list) –

• Attalus I Soter (241–197 BC)

• Eumenes II, King (197–159 BC)

• Attalus II Philadelphus, King (160–138 BC)

• Attalus III, King (138–133 BC)
• Pontus (complete list) –

• Mithridates III, King (c.210–c.190 BC)

• Pharnaces I, King (c.190–c.155 BC)

• Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos, King (c.155–c.150 BC)

• Mithridates V Euergetes, King (c.150–120 BC)

• Mithridates VI, King (120–63 BC)
• Seleucid Empire (complete list) –

• Antiochus III, the Great, King (223–187 BC)

• Seleucus IV Philopator, King (187–175 BC)

• Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King (175–163 BC)

• Antiochus V Eupator, King (163–161 BC)

• Demetrius I Soter, King (161–150 BC)

• Alexander I Balas, King (150–145 BC)

• Antiochus VI Dionysus, King (145–142 BC)

• Demetrius II Nicator, King (145–138, 129–126 BC)

• Diodotus Tryphon, King (142–138 BC)

• Antiochus VII Sidetes, King (138–129 BC)

• Alexander II Zabinas, King (129–123 BC)

• Seleucus V Philometor, King (126/125 BC)

• Cleopatra Thea, Coregent (126–121 BC)

• Antiochus VIII Grypus, King (125–96 BC)

• Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, King (114–96 BC)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

• Macedonia

Antigonid dynasty (complete list) –

• Philip V, King (221–179 BC)

• Perseus, King (179–168 BC)

• Andriscus/ Pseudo-Philip VI, King (149–148 BC)
• Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

• Seuthes IV, King (215–190 BC)

• Pleuratus I, King (213–208 BC)^[2]

• Amatokos III, King (184 BC)

• Cotys IV, King (171–167 BC)

• Teres III, King (c.149 BC)

• Beithys, King (140–120 BC)

• Cotys V, King (120–? BC)

Europe: East

• Dacia (complete list) –

• Rubobostes, King (2nd century BC)^[3]

• Oroles, King (2nd century BC)^[4]

Europe: South

• Roman Republic (complete list) –

Eurasia: Caucasus

• Armenia (complete list) –

• Orontes IV, King (c.212–200 BC)

• Artaxias I, King (190/189–160/159 BC)

• Tigranes I, King (159–123 BC)

• Artavasdes I, King (123–95 BC)
• Iberia (Kartli) (complete list) –

• Sauromaces I, King (234–159 BC)

• Mirian I, King (159–109 BC)

• Pharnajom, King (109–90 BC)

Notes and References

1. Book: Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes . Rajesh Kumar Singh . Hari Sena . 2013 . 9788192510750 . 15–16 .
2. The History Of Rome by Livy, 2004,, page 27: "... Pleuratus and Scerdilaedus might be included in the treaty. Attalus was king of Pergamum in Asia Minor; Pleuratus, king of the Thracians ...
3. Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, Index Rubobostes Dacian, King
4. Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 53, "Dacian, King Oroles"