List of spiral DRAGNs explained

Spiral DRAGNs are a type of galaxy; spiral galaxies which contain DRAGNs (Double Radio-source Associated with Galactic Nucleus), and are therefore also radio galaxies.

Most DRAGNs are associated with elliptical galaxies, as are most double-lobed radio-galaxies.[1] Spiral DRAGNs are inconsistent with currently known galaxy formation processes. As of 2023, there are 17 known spiral DRAGNs that are widely accepted.

Lenticlular galaxies containing DRAGNs are as rare as spiral DRAGNs, with only 5 known examples as of 2020,[2] including: Centaurus A,[3] [4] NGC 612[5] and NGC 1534.

List

GalaxyIdentified DateNotes
galaxy 0313-1922003First known spiral DRAGN, located in Abell 428. It is the first spiral DRAGN with VLBI detection.[6] [7]
2011Second known spiral DRAGN. It was the second galaxy shown to have three episodes of periodic activity, the first was an elliptical.[8] [9]
J2345-04492014Third known spiral DRAGN with two episodic activities, observed at radio wavelengths and measuring about 1.6 megaparsecs in total size.[10]
SDSS J1649+26352014Fourth known spiral DRAGN; first located in a grand design spiral galaxy. It was discovered by cross-matching spiral galaxies identified by galaxy zoo volunteers with the Unified Radio Catalog. It was the first systematic search for spiral DRAGNs.[11] [12] [13]
J0836+05322015Two clear spiral arms[14]
J1159+58202012/2015Candidate: Disturbed galaxy with signs of a merger.[15]
J1352+31262015Candidate: Galaxy was well studied at the time of the discovery by Singh et al. The galaxy was classified as spiral or irregular galaxy.
MCG+07-47-102016radio source has a low luminosity[16]
J0354-13402022spiral host that is a narrow-line Seyfert 1, size of the de-projected jets is 250 kpc[17]
J0209+07502022loose spiral arms, has star-forming clumps[18]
J0806+06242022several spiral arms and a luminous bar-like feature
J1328+57102022low-mass, low-redshift galaxy with many star-forming regions, at least two prominent arms and a strong bar. One of the few intermediate massive black holes (≤ 105) with a strong radio emission and the first with a double-lobed radio emission.
J1656+64072022extremely massive star-forming spiral galaxy
J1128+24172022star-forming clumps in the arms
J1646+3832022dust-lane with peculiar arc-like shape
J0326-06232023two major spiral arms, scale of the radio lobes is 430 kpc[19]
J1110+03212023scale of the radio lobes is 100 kpc
J1134+30462023scale of the radio lobes is 380 kpc

Notes and References

  1. A low-band study of the spiral DRAGN 1649+26 . Minnie Mao . Ryan Duffin . Frazer Owen . William Keel . Jay Blanchard . 2013-08-02 . VLA/14A-406 . NRAO .
  2. Duchesne. S. W.. Johnston-Hollitt. M.. 2019-04-01. The remnant radio galaxy associated with NGC 1534. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 36. e016. 10.1017/pasa.2018.26. 1323-3580. 1806.09255. 2019PASA...36...16D . 119101002 .
  3. Burbidge. G. R.. Burbidge. E. Margaret. 1957-01-01. The Sources of Radio Emission in NGC 5128 and NGC 1316.. The Astrophysical Journal. 125. 1. 10.1086/146279. 1957ApJ...125....1B . 0004-637X. free.
  4. Cooper. B. F. C.. Price. R. M.. Cole. D. J.. 1965-12-01. A study of the decimetric emission and polarization of Centaurus A. Australian Journal of Physics. 18. 6 . 589. 10.1071/PH650589. 1965AuJPh..18..589C . 0004-9506. free.
  5. Ekers. R. D.. Goss. W. M.. Kotanyi. C. G.. Skellern. D. J.. 1978-10-01. NGC 612-A Radio Galaxy with a Disk. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 69. L21. 1978A&A....69L..21E . 0004-6361.
  6. Mao. Minnie Y.. Blanchard. Jay M.. Owen. Frazer. Sjouwerman. Loránt O.. Singh. Vikram. Scaife. Anna. Paragi. Zsolt. Norris. Ray P.. Momjian. Emmanuel. Johnson. Gia. Browne. Ian. 2018-07-01. The first VLBI detection of a spiral DRAGN core. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 478. 1 . L99–L104. 10.1093/mnrasl/sly081. free . 0035-8711. 1805.03039. 2018MNRAS.478L..99M .
  7. News: Giant Radio Jet Coming From Wrong Kind of Galaxy . NRAO . 8 January 2003 .
  8. SPECA = Spiral-host Episodic radio galaxy tracing Cluster Accretion
  9. News: Exotic Galaxy Reveals Tantalizing Tale . 25 August 2011 .
  10. Bagchi . Joydeep . Vivek . M. . Vikram . Vinu . Hota . Ananda . Biju . K. G. . Sirothia . S. K. . Srianand . Raghunathan . Gopal-Krishna . Jacob . Joe . Megaparsec relativistic jets launched from an accreting supermassive black hole in an extreme spiral galaxy . The Astrophysical Journal . 2014 . 788 . 2 . 174 . 0004-637X . 1538-4357 . 10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/174. 1404.6889 . 2014ApJ...788..174B . 53706255 .
  11. Web site: Strange galaxy perplexes astronomers: Prominent 'jets' of subatomic particles . 2 December 2014 . ScienceDaily .
  12. News: Astronomers Find a Strange, Perplexing Spiral Galaxy . From Quarks to Quasars . Jaime Trosper . 6 December 2014 .
  13. J1649+26: A Grand-Design Spiral with a Large Double-Lobed Radio Source . 1410.8520 . 2015MNRAS.446.4176M . 10.1093/mnras/stu2302 . Minnie Y. Mao . Frazer Owen . Ryan Duffin . Bill Keel . Mark Lacy . Emmanuel Momjian . Glenn Morrison . Tony Mroczkowski . Susan Neff . Ray P. Norris . Henrique Schmitt . Vicki Toy . Sylvain Veilleux . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 2015 . 446 . 4 . 4176–4185 . free . 119234804 .
  14. Singh. Veeresh. Ishwara-Chandra. C. H.. Sievers. Jonathan. Wadadekar. Yogesh. Hilton. Matt. Beelen. Alexandre. 2015-12-01. Discovery of rare double-lobe radio galaxies hosted in spiral galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454. 2 . 1556–1572. 10.1093/mnras/stv2071. free . 0035-8711. 1509.01559. 2015MNRAS.454.1556S .
  15. Koziel-Wierzbowska. D.. Jamrozy. M.. Zola. S.. Stachowski. G.. Kuzmicz. A.. 2012-05-01. CGCG 292-057 - a radio galaxy with merger-modulated radio activity. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 422. 2 . 1546–1551. 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20727.x. free . 0035-8711. 1203.0538. 2012MNRAS.422.1546K . 118411322 .
  16. Mulcahy . D. D. . Mao . M. Y. . Mitsuishi . I. . Scaife . A. M. M. . Clarke . A. O. . Babazaki . Y. . Kobayashi . H. . Suganuma . R. . Matsumoto . H. . Tawara . Y. . 2016-11-01 . Discovery of a low-luminosity spiral DRAGN . Astronomy and Astrophysics . 595 . L8 . 1609.04820 . 2016A&A...595L...8M . 10.1051/0004-6361/201629536 . 0004-6361 . 54018506.
  17. Vietri . A. . Järvelä . E. . Berton . M. . Ciroi . S. . Congiu . E. . Chen . S. . Di Mille . F. . 2022-06-01 . Spectacular 240 kpc double-sided relativistic jets in a spiral-hosted narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy . Astronomy and Astrophysics . 662 . A20 . 10.1051/0004-6361/202243523 . 0004-6361. 2204.00020 . 2022A&A...662A..20V .
  18. Wu . Zihao . Ho . Luis C. . Zhuang . Ming-Yang . 2022-12-01 . An Elusive Population of Massive Disk Galaxies Hosting Double-lobed Radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei . The Astrophysical Journal . 941 . 1 . 95 . 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9cd5 . 0004-637X. 2210.11724 . 2022ApJ...941...95W . free .
  19. Gao . X. Y. . Yuan . Z. S. . Han . J. L. . Wen . Z. L. . Shan . S. S. . 2023-03-01 . Three New Spiral Galaxies with Active Nuclei Producing Double Radio Lobes . Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics . 23 . 3 . 035005 . 10.1088/1674-4527/acb251 . 1674-4527. 2301.01548 . 2023RAA....23c5005G .

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