List of government space agencies explained

See also: List of private spaceflight companies, List of space forces, units, and formations and Lists of space organizations.

Government space agencies are established by governments of countries or regional groupings of countries to establish a means for advocating for and/or engaging in activities related to outer space, exploitation of space systems, and space exploration. The listings summarize all countries and regional authorities that have established space agencies. The listings established a comparative summary of demonstrated capabilities across the countries that have invested in the pursuit of space-based objectives.

Government space agency organizations are established with objectives that include national prestige, exploitation of remote sensing information, communications, education, and economic development. These agencies tend to be civil in nature (vs military) and serve to advance the benefits of exploitation and/or exploration of space. Government agencies span the spectrum from ancient organizations with small budgets to mature national or regional enterprises such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States, the European Space Agency (ESA) which coordinates for more than 20 constituent countries, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities (Roscosmos) of Russia, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and the China National Space Agency (CNSA).

The space agency listings are segregated to enable identification of subsets of the complete list that have advanced to higher levels or technical or programmatic proficiency in accordance with the following:

The four listings identify a technological progression in complexity and capacity that historically aligned to the developments that occurred during the 20th century space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. It is not intended to offer that this is the only path to advanced space faring status; variations and adaptations are expected and are likely to occur based on the technological capabilities that are available to today as opposed to 50 or more years ago.For each identified "Demonstrated capability" a reference is included to that program's first demonstration of the technical capacity or capability to meet the defined objective.

The fifth listing identifies countries that are considering or are developing space agency organizations but have not ratified formation or operation as of yet.

Note as well that the demonstrated capabilities represent the national (or regional) capacity to achieve the identified objective. These listings do not attempt to determine which programs were uniquely or solely funded by the space agency itself. For each listing, the short name or acronym identified is the English version, with the native language version below. The date of the founding of the space agency is the date of first operations where applicable. If the space agency is no longer running, then the date when it was terminated. Additionally, the strategic nature of many space programs result in cooperation between civil agency and military organizations to meet unique staff and technical proficiencies required to support space programs given the geographic expanse required to ensure successful operation.

List of space agencies

78 different government space agencies are in existence, including 71 national space agencies and seven international agencies. Initial competencies demonstrated include funding and nomination of a candidate to serve as astronaut, cosmonaut, or taikonaut with the countries/organizations executing human spaceflight solutions. Other demonstrated capabilities include operation of a satellite (e.g. a communications or remote sensing system) largely developed and/or delivered by a third party, domestic development of a satellite system, and capacity to recover a science payload from a sub-orbital or orbital mission. Seven space agencies (six national, one international) have demonstrated all four of those capabilities.

Space agency! colspan="4" scope="colgroup"
Demonstrated capability
Country or
organization		Namewidth=80AcronymFoundedwidth=80First space travelerwidth=80Operates satelliteswidth=80Builds satelliteswidth=80Recoverable payloads capable
African Space AgencyAfSA24 January 2023
Algerian Space AgencyASAL[1]
(Alcomsat-1)
(AlSAT-1)
Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales[2] CONAE (CNIE)
(CONAE)
(Nahuel 1A)
(ARSAT-1)
Australian Space Agency[3] ASA1986 (NSP)
(ASA)[4] [5]
(Paul Scully-Power)
(Aussat A1)
(WRESAT)
Austrian Space Agency[6] [7] ALR
(Franz Viehböck)
Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azercosmos)[8] Azercosmos
(Azerspace-1)
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization[9] SPARRSO
(Bangabandhu-1)
Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy[10] BIRA
IASB
BISA
(Dirk Frimout)
Brazilian Space Agency[11] [12] AEB
(Marcos Pontes)
(Brasilsat A1)
(Amazônia-1)
Bulgarian Space Agency[13] SRI-BAS
STIL-BAS
(Georgi Ivanov)
(Bulgaria 1300)
Canadian Space Agency[14] CSA
ASC
(Marc Garneau)
(Alouette 1)
(Alouette 1)
Chilean Space AgencyCSA2001
China National Space Administration[15] CNSA
(Yang Liwei)
(Dong Fang Hong 1)
Costa Rican Space Agency (Agencia Espacial Costarricense)[16] AEC
(Irazú)
(Irazú)
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems[17] CCSDS
Committee on Space Research[18] [19] [20] COSPAR
Czech Space Office[21] CSO[22]
(Vladimír Remek)
Danish National Space Center[23] DNSC
DTU Space		 (DSRI)
(DNSC)
(Andreas Mogensen)
(Ørsted)
Egyptian Space Agency[24] [25] EGSA
NARSS[26]
EASRT-RSC		2018
1994
1971–1994
(EgyptSat 1)
Instituto Aeroespacial de El Salvador(Esai)[27] [28] ESAI
Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute[29] ESSTI


ETRSS-1
ETRSS-1
European Space Agency[30] [31] ESA
ASE
EWO		1964 (ESRO/ELDO)
(ESA)
(Ulf Merbold)
(Cos-B)
(Cos-B)
European Union Agency for the Space Programme[32] EUSPA (GSA)
(EUSPA)
National Centre for Space Studies[33] CNES
(Jean-Loup Chrétien)
(Astérix)
(Astérix)
German Aerospace Center[34] DLR
(Sigmund Jähn)
(Azur)
Ghana Space Science and Technology Centre[35] GSSTI


Hellenic Space Centre
Greek, Modern (1453-);: Ελληνικό Κέντρο Διαστήματος[36] 		HSC
ΕΛΚΕΔ
(Hellas Sat 2)
Hungarian Space OfficeMŰI
HSO
(Bertalan Farkas)

(MaSat-1)
Indian Space Research Organisation[37] [38] [39] ISRO
इसरो		1962 (INCOSPAR)
15th Aug 1969 (ISRO)
(Rakesh Sharma)
(Aryabhata)
(Aryabhata)
Indonesian Space Agency (Previously known as LAPAN)[40] INASA
(Palapa-A1)
(Lapan-TUBsat)
Iranian Space AgencyISA[41] [42]
(Sina-1)		[43]
(Omid)
(Pishgam)
ISA
Hebrew: סוכנות החלל הישראלית
(Ilan Ramon)
(Ofeq-1)
(Shavit 2)
Italian Space Agency[44] [45] ASI
(Franco Malerba)
(San Marco 1)
(San Marco 1)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency[46] JAXA
Japanese: ジャクサ
(Toyohiro Akiyama)
(Ohsumi)
(Ohsumi)
National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan[47] KazCosmos
KazKosmos
(Toktar Aubakirov)
(KazSat-1)
Kenya Space Agency[48] KSA


(1KUNS-PF)
National Aerospace Technology AdministrationNATA1980s (KCST)2013 (NADA)2023 (NATA)
(Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2)
(Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2)
Korea AeroSpace AdministrationKASA27 May 2024
Korea Aerospace Research Institute[49] KARI
(Yi So-yeon)
(Koreasat 1)
(KITSAT-1)
Lithuanian Space Association[50] LSA[51]
(LituanicaSAT-1)
Luxembourg Space Agency[52] LSA
Malaysian Space Agency[53] MYSA
(Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor)
(MEASAT-1)
Mexican Space Agency[54] AEM
(Rodolfo Vela)
(Morelos I)
(UNAMSAT B)[55]
National Remote Sensing Center of Mongolia[56] NRSC
(Mazaalai)
(Mazaalai)
Royal Center for Remote Sensing[57]
French: Centre Royal de Télédétection Spatiale
Berber languages: Ammas Amrrukan n Tallunt
(Arabic: المركز الملكي للإستشعار البعدي الفضائي)		CRTS
Netherlands Institute for Space Research[58] SRON
(Wubbo Ockels)
(ANS)
(ANS)
New Zealand Space Agency
NZSA
National Space Research and Development Agency[59] NASRDA
(Nigeriasat-1)
Norwegian Space Agency[60] NRS
NSC
(Thor 2)
Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission[61] SUPARCO
سپارکو		 (started working from 1964)
(Badr-1)
(Badr-1)
Paraguayan Space Agency (Agencia Espacial de Paraguay)[62] AEP
(GuaraníSat-1)
National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development[63] CONIDA
(Chasqui I)
Philippine Space Agency[64] [65] [66] [67] [68] PhilSA (DOST–ASTI)
(PhilSA)
(Agila-1)
Polish Space Agency[69] POLSA (CBK PAN)
(POLSA)
(Mirosław Hermaszewski)
(Lem)
Portugal Space[70] [71] PTSPACE
(PoSAT-1)
Romanian Space Agency[72] ASR
ROSA
(Dumitru Prunariu)
(Goliat)
Roscosmos State Corporation for Space ActivitiesRoscosmos
Russian: Роскосмос		25 Feb 1992
(Aleksandr Volkov)
(Kosmos 2175)
(Kosmos 2175)
(Soyuz TM-14)
Rwanda Space Agency[73] RSA
Saudi Space Agency[74] SSA (KACST-SRI)
(SSC/SSA)
(Sultan Bin Salman)
(Arabsat-1A)
(SaudiSat-4)
Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing[75] CRISP
(ST-1)
South African National Space Agency[76] SANSA
Soviet space programСССР
Russian: Космическая программа		1955
disbanded 25 Dec 1991
(Yuri Gagarin)
(Sputnik 1)
(Sputnik 1)
(Korabl-Sputnik 2)
Agencia Espacial Española[77] [78] [79] AEE
(Pedro Duque)
(Hispasat 1A)
(Intasat)
Swedish National Space Agency[80] SNSA
(Christer Fuglesang)
(Viking)
Swiss Space Office[81] [82] SSO
Syrian Space Agency[83] [84] [85] [86] SSA
(Muhammed Faris)
Taiwan Space Agency[87] TASA
(ST-1)
(Formosat-1)
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency[88] GISTDA
สทอภ
(Thaicom 1)
French: [[Centre national de la cartographie et de la télédétection]]
(Arabic: المركز الوطني للإستشعار عن بعد)
(National Remote Sensing Center of Tunisia)[89] 		CNCT
Turkish Space Agency
(Türkiye Uzay Ajansı)[90] [91] [92] [93] 		TUA (TÜBİTAK UZAY)
(TUA)
(Alper Gezeravcı)
(Türksat 1A)
(Göktürk-2)
Turkmenistan National Space Agency[94] TNSA
(TürkmenÄlem52E / MonacoSAT)
State Space Agency of Ukraine[95] SSAU
(Leonid Kadeniuk)
(Sich-1)
United Arab Emirates Space Agency[96] UAESA
(Hazza Al Mansouri)
(Thuraya 2)
United Kingdom Space Agency[97] UKSA
(Helen Sharman)
(Ariel 1)
(Prospero)
United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space[98] UNCOPUOS— — — —
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs[99] UNOOSA— — — —
National Aeronautics and Space Administration[100] NASA
(Alan Shepard)
(Explorer 1)
(Explorer 1)
(Discoverer 13)
The Space Research and Technology Agency under the Ministry of
Digital Technologies of the Republic of Uzbekistan[101] 		Uzbekspace agency2019
Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities[102] ABAE
(Venesat-1)
Vietnam National Space Center (Trung tâm Vũ trụ Việt Nam)[103] TTVTVN or VNSC
VAST-VNSC
(Phạm Tuân)
(Vinasat-1)

List of space agencies with launch capability

This group of agencies have developed or are developing launch infrastructure including space launch sites, suborbital launch technology, orbital launch systems, and reusable hardware technologies.

Country! colspan="3" scope="colgroup"
Space agencyDemonstrated capability
Namewidth=80AcronymFoundedwidth=80Operates launch sitewidth=80Suborbital launch capablewidth=80Orbital launch capablewidth=80Cryogenic rocket engine usewidth=80Reusable systems use
Comisión Nacional de Actividades EspacialesCONAE (CNIE)
(CONAE)		[104]
(Punta Indio)		[105]
(Orión)
Australian Space AgencyASA
(Woomera)		[106]
(Long Tom)
Brazilian Space AgencyAEB[107]
(Alcântara)
(VSB-30)
Canadian Space AgencyCSA1 Mar 1989
China National Space AdministrationCNSA
(Jiuquan)
(Long March 1)
(YF-73)
European Space AgencyESA
ASE
EWO		30 May 1975
(Kourou)
(Ariane 1)
French: [[CNES|Centre National d’Études Spatiales]]CNES
(Kourou)
(Véronique)
(Diamant A)
Indian Space Research OrganisationISRO
इसरो
(Sriharikota)
(RH-75)
(SLV)
(CE-20) (CE-7.5)
Iranian Space Agency[108] ISA
(Semnan)
(Safir)
(Safir)
Israel Space Agency[109] ISA]
סל"ה
(Palmachim Airbase)
(Shavit 2)
(Shavit 2)
Italian Space Agency[110] ASI
(Salto di Quirra)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency[111] JAXA
Japanese: ジャクサ
(Uchinoura)
(Lambda-4S)
(LE-7)
National Aerospace Development AdministrationKCST1980s
(Sohae)		[112]
(Unha-3)
Korea Aerospace Research Institute[113] KARI
항우연
(Naro)
(Nuri)
Mexican Space AgencyMSA
New Zealand Space Agency
NZSA
(Mahia)
Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission[114] SUPARCO
(Sonmiani Flight Test Range)
(Rehbar-I)
Polish Space AgencyPOLSA
Roscosmos State Corporation for Space ActivitiesRoscosmos
Russian: Роскосмос		25 Feb 1992
(Plesetsk)
(Soyuz-U)
Soviet space programСССР
Russian: Космическая программа		1955
disbanded 25 Dec 1991
(Baikonur)
(GIRD-09)
(R-7 Sputnik)
(KVD-1)
(Buran)
Swedish National Space Agency[115] SNSA
(Esrange)
(Maser)
State Space Agency of Ukraine[116] ДКАУ
SSAU
(Dnepr)
UK Space AgencyUKSA1 Apr 2010
National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
(Cape Canaveral)
(WAC Corporal)
(Juno I)
(RL10)
(Space Shuttle)

List of space agencies with extraterrestrial exploration capability

This group of agencies have developed advanced technological capabilities required for travel and study of other heavenly bodies within the Solar System. These involve the capacity to leave the local area around the planet Earth for lunar and/or missions to other bodies in the Solar System. As of February 2023, six (6) countries/agencies have achieved objectives necessary to be listed here.

Overview of space agencies extraterrestrial exploration capability
CountrySpace agencyDemonstrated capability
Namewidth=80AcronymFoundedwidth=80Operates flyby spacecraftwidth=80Operates extraterrestrial orbiterwidth=80Controlled surface impactwidth=80Uncrewed soft landing width=80Uncrewed rover operationwidth=80Sample return
China National Space Administration[117] CNSA
(Chang'e 5-T1)
(Chang'e 1)
(Chang'e 1)
(Chang'e 3)
(Yutu-1)
(Chang'e 5)
European Space Agency[118] ESA
ASE
EWO
(Ulysses)
(Mars Express)
(Rosetta)
(Huygens)
Indian Space Research Organisation[119] ISRO
इसरो
(Chandrayaan-3)
(Chandrayaan-1)
(Moon Impact Probe)
(Chandrayaan-3)
(Pragyan)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency[120] JAXA
Japanese: ジャクサ
(Hiten)
(Hiten)
(Hiten)
(Hayabusa)
(MINERVA-II)
(Hayabusa)
Soviet space programСССР
Russian: Космическая программа		1955
disbanded 25 Dec 1991
(Luna 1)
(Luna 10)
(Luna 2)
(Luna 9)
(Lunokhod 1)
(Luna 16)
National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
(Pioneer 4)
(Lunar Orbiter 1)
(Ranger 7)
(Surveyor 1)
(Sojourner)
(Apollo 11)

Without launch capabilities

This category is formed by agencies that operate and construct satellites in extraterrestrial environments, but do not have the capability to transport those satellites to the desired orbit/trajectory/landing spot. As far as we know as of 10 May 2024, twelve space agencies have achieved the requirements to be listed here:

Overview of space agencies extraterrestrial satellite operation and constructing capabilities.
CountrySpace agencyDemonstrated capability
Namewidth=80AcronymFoundedwidth=80Operates extraterrestrial orbiterwidth=80Controlled surface impactwidth=80Uncrewed soft landing width=80Uncrewed rover operationwidth=80Sample return
LuxembourgLuxSpaceNo acronym
(Manfred Memorial Moon Mission, flyby only)
ItalyItalian Space AgencyITA/ASI
(ArgoMoon)
Korea Aerospace Research InstituteKARI
(Danuri)
United Arab Emirates Space AgencyUAESA
(Emirates Mars Mission)
PakistanSpace & Upper Atmosphere Research CommissionSUPARCO
(ICUBE-Q)

List of space agencies with human spaceflight capability

See also: List of human spaceflight programs and List of space stations by country. This small group of countries/space agencies have demonstrated the highest technological capacity with systems and solutions that support human spaceflight along with the ancillary technological capabilities to support human activity in orbit and/or on extraterrestrial bodies. The missions identified (and personnel when appropriate) are the first successful accomplishments of each activity.

Overview of space agencies human spaceflight capability
CountrySpace agencyDemonstrated capability
Namewidth=80AcronymFoundedwidth=80Crewed space launchwidth=80EVAwidth=80Rendezvous and dockingSpace stationwidth=80Crewed circumlunar flightwidth=80Crewed Moon landing
China National Space AdministrationCNSA22 Apr 1993
(Shenzhou 5)
(Shenzhou 7)
(Shenzhou 8 to Tiangong-1)
(Tiangong-1)
Roscosmos State Corporation for Space ActivitiesRoscosmos
Russian: Роскосмос		25 Feb 1992
(Soyuz TM-14)
(Mir, Aleksandr Volkov and Sergei Krikalev)
(Soyuz TM-14 to ISS)
(Mir)
Soviet space programСССР
Russian: Космическая программа		1955
disbanded 25 Dec 1991
(Vostok 1)
(Voskhod 2,
Alexei Leonov)
(Soyuz 4 to
Soyuz 5)
(Salyut 1)
National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
(Mercury-Redstone 3)
(Gemini 4,
Ed White)
(Gemini 8 to GATV)
(Skylab)
(Apollo 8)
(Apollo 11)

Emerging, proposed and future space agencies

Overview of possible future space agencies
Country/CountriesSpace agencyExpected date of formationCurrent status
NameAcronym
Albanian Space OfficeASO—Proposed in 2020, at progress stage.[121]
Armenian Space AgencyArmCosmos—Proposed in 2013 with the goal to launch satellites. Negotiating with the International Telecommunication Union to clear the path for its prospective launch.[122]
Bhutan Space OfficeBSO—Proposed in 2016, at progress stage.[123]
Botswana Aeronautics and Space AgencyBotswanaSpace—Proposed in 2020, at progress stage.[124]
Cambodian Aeronautics and Space OfficeCASO—Proposed in 2016, at progress stage.[125]
Croatian Space AgencyCROSA—Proposed in 2020, currently operate as NGO Adriatic Aerospace Association (A3), at progress stage.[126] [127]
Djibouti National Space Office——Announced in 2022, at bill stage.[128]
Guatemala Space Agency——Proposed in 2019, at progress stage.[129] [130]
Honduras Space AgencyAEH—Proposed in 2018, at progress stage.[131]
Iraqi National Space AgencyIraqSpace—Proposed in 2019, at progress stage.[132]
Lao Aeronautics and Space AgencyLaoSpace—Proposed in 2015, at progress stage.[133]
CELACLatin American and Caribbean Space AgencyALCE[134] Announced in 2021, bill stage.[135] [136]
Latvia Space OfficeLSO—Proposed in 2020, at progress stage.[137]
Malta Space OfficeMSO—Proposed in 2022, at progress stage.[138]
Moldova National Space Office——Proposed in 2018, at progress stage.[139]
Monaco Space Agency——Proposed in 2020, at progress stage.[140]
Montenegrin National Bureau of Space——Announced in 2022, bill stage.[141]
Myanmar Aeronautics and Space AgencyMyanmarSpace—Proposed in 2019, at progress stage.[142] [143]
Nepal Aeronautics and Space OfficeNepalSpace—Proposed in 2018, at progress stage.[144]
Nicaraguan Space AgencyAEN—Announced in 2021, bill stage.[145] [146]
Oman Space AgencyOSA—Proposed in 2020, at progress stage.[147] [148]
Panama Space AgencyAEP—Proposed in 2014, at progress stage.[149]
Serbian Space OfficeSerbSpace—Proposed in 2016, at progress stage.[150]
Slovenian National Bureau of Space——Proposed in 2019, at progress stage.[151] [152]
Sri Lanka Aeronautics and Space AgencySLASA—Proposed in 2009. Immediate goal was to construct and launch two satellites. Sri Lankan Telecommunications Regulatory Commission had signed an agreement with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd to get the relevant help and resources.[153]
Sudan Space Agency——Proposed in 2017, at progress stage.[154]
Tanzanian National Space AgencyTNSA—Proposed in 2021, at progress stage.[155]
Uruguayan Space AgencyAEU2022Announced in 2021, bill stage.[156]

Budgets

The annual budgets listed are the official budgets of national space agencies available in public domain. The budgets are not normalized to the expenses of space research in different countries, i.e. higher budget does not necessarily mean more activity or better performance in space exploration.[157] [158] Budget could be used for different projects: e.g. GPS is maintained from the US defence budget,[159] whereas ESA's money is used for developing the European Galileo positioning system.[160] For European contributors to ESA, the national budgets shown include also their contributions to ESA.

Eight government space agencies, the United States (NASA), China (CNSA), France (CNES), Germany (DLR), India (ISRO), Italy (ASI), Japan (JAXA) and Russia (Roscosmos), have annual budgets of more than one billion US dollars.

Country/
region!width=300
AgencyBudget
(US$
millions)		Yearclass=unsortableReference
National Aeronautics and Space Administration23,5002022[161] [162]
China National Space Administration11,7002021[163]
European Space Agency7,7902024[164] [165]
National Centre for Space Studies3,5212022
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency2,3882022[166]
Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities2,0112022[167]
Indian Space Research Organisation1,8312022[168] [169]
Italian Space Agency1,6852024[170]
German Aerospace Center1,4242021[171]
Agencia Espacial Española7392023[172]
Korea Aerospace Research Institute7012021[173]
UK Space Agency6042021
Canadian Space Agency4602019[174]
Algerian Space Agency3942020[175]
Interfederal Space Agency of Belgium2602020[176]
Swiss Space Office1772019
Netherlands Space Office1502022[177]
Swedish National Space Agency1202022[178]
State Space Agency of Ukraine1072022[179]
Norwegian Space Agency1032019[180]
Turkish Space Agency872023[181]
Austrian Space Agency752020[182]
Brazilian Space Agency682022[183]
Polish Space Agency642020[184]
Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales632022[185]
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space542022[186] [187]
Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission502019[188] [189]
Philippine Space Agency382019[190]
National Space Research and Development Agency362020[191]
Australian Space Agency352020[192] [193]
Israel Space Agency172020[194]
South African National Space Agency152020[195]
Iranian Space Agency, Iranian Space Research Center and Aerospace Research Institute92020[196]
Mexican Space Agency42022[197]
Chilean Space Agency12014
WorldAll space agencies (Total of listed budgets)About 62,000

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: ASAL (Agence Spatiale Algérienne). sky-brokers.com. February 19, 2023.
  2. Web site: Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales – Background. CONAE. 1 March 2008. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080521140133/http://www.conae.gov.ar/eng/sobre/antecedentes.html. 21 May 2008.
  3. Web site: Australian Space Agency. February 14, 2023.
  4. Web site: Australia just launched a brand new space agency. 25 September 2017. The Independent.
  5. Web site: Australia sets up space agency with eye on satellite tech. Pearlman. Jonathan. 6 October 2017. The Straits Times.
  6. Web site: Austria's History in Space. Bruno. Besser. January 2004. 25–28. 24 June 2009.
  7. Web site: ESA – Human Spaceflight and Exploration – Other space agencies. 3 January 2007. 9 March 2008.
  8. Web site: Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the establishment of the public legal entity "Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azercosmos)".
  9. Web site: বাংলাদেশ মহাকাশ গবেষণা ও দূর অনুধাবন.
  10. Web site: Aeronomy.be – Contact – Who are we?. https://archive.today/20060225112026/http://www.aeronomie.be/en/contact/whoarewe.htm. dead. 25 February 2006. 7 March 2008.
  11. Web site: Presidency of Brazil: Law 8.854 of 02/10/1994 – "That creates the Brazilian Space Agency, and other measures".. 6 April 2008.
  12. Web site: S-30 family. Gunter's Space Page . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320184650/https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/s-30.htm . Mar 20, 2023 .
  13. Space research in Bulgaria is coordinated by the Inter-Department Commission for Space Research (Bulgarian: Междуведомствена комисия по космически изследвания) which is composed of the deputy ministers of several ministries and representatives of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
  14. Web site: Canadian Space Milestones. 1 April 2009. 4 December 2007.
  15. Web site: China National Space Administration – Organization and Function . 9 March 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080228194440/http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615709/n620681/n771918/index.html . 28 February 2008 .
  16. Web site: Alvarado firma como Ley la creación de la Agencia Espacial Costarricense, pero anuncia reforma. 15 August 2021.
  17. Web site: CCSDS.
  18. Committee headquartered in France, within the International Council for Science (ICSU).
  19. Web site: COSPAR National Committee Members. 1 April 2009. 27 October 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071027161932/http://cosparhq.cnes.fr/About/natinst.htm. dead.
  20. Web site: International Scientific Union Members and their Representatives to COSPAR. 1 April 2009. 6 May 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070506103119/http://cosparhq.cnes.fr/About/sciunion.htm. dead.
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