List of sovereign states in 1648 explained

See main article: 1648.

See also: Peace of Westphalia.

Sovereign states

A

• Abkhazia – Principality of Abkhazia
• Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
• Andorra – Principality of Andorra
• Ahom – Ahom Kingdom
• Arakkal – Kingdom of Cannanore
• Avar – Avar Khanate
• Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom

B

• Bajhang
• Bastar – Bastar State
• – Benin Empire
• – Kingdom of Bhutan
• – Bono state
• Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
• Bukhara – Khanate of Bukhara
• Burma – Burmese Empire

C

• Calicut – Zamorin of Calicut
• Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
• – Kingdom of Cayor
• – Great Qing Empire
• Chamba – Chamba State
• Champa – Kingdom of Champa
• Chitradurga – Chitradurga Nayak Kingdom
• Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom
• Circassia
• Cochin – Kingdom of Cochin
• Cooch Behar – Cooch Behar State
• Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia

D

• Đại Việt – Kingdom of Đại Việt
• – Dendi Kingdom
• Denmark-Norway – United Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway
• Dhenkanal – Dhenkanal State
• Dremoshong – Kingdom of Dremoshong
• Durdzuki
• Dzungar – Dzungar Khanate

E

• England – Kingdom of England (in personal union with Scotland)
• – Ethiopian Empire

F

• – Kingdom of France

G

• Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom
• – Kingdom of Garo
• Gazikumukh – Gazikumukh Khanate
• – Republic of Genoa
• Gingee – Gingee Nayak Kingdom
• Gorkha – Gorkha Kingdom

H

• • Hawwara – Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
  • Austria – Archduchy of Austria
  • Bavaria – Electorate of Bavaria
  • Brandenburg – Margraviate of Brandenburg (in personal union with Prussia)
  • Cologne – Electorate of Cologne
  • Electoral Palatinate – County Palatine of the Rhine
  • Lorraine – Duchy of Lorraine
  • Mainz – Electorate of Mainz
  • Saxony – Electorate of Saxony
  • Trier – Electorate of Trier
  • Württemberg – Duchy of Württemberg

I

• – Ijebu Kingdom
• Iran – Expansive Realm of Iran
• Ireland – Irish Catholic Confederation

J

• Jaintia – Jaintia Kingdom
• – Kingdom of Janjero
• – Tokugawa shogunate
• – Sultanate of Johor
• – Kingdom of Jolof
• Jumla

K

• Kabardia – Principality of Kabardia
• Kachar – Kachari Kingdom
• – Kingdom of Kaffa
• Kalahandi – Kalahandi State
• Kalmyk – Kalmyk Khanate
• Kangleipak – Kangleipak State
• Kangra – Kangra State
• Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy
• Kanker – Kanker State
• Kazakh – Kazakh Khanate
• Keladi – Keladi Nayak Kingdom
• Keonjhar – Keonjhar State
• – Khanate of Khiva
• Khoshut – Khoshut Khanate
• Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
• Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
• – Kingdom of Koya
• – Kuba Kingdom
• Kumaon – Kumaon Kingdom

L

• Lan Na – Lan Na Kingdom
• Lo – Kingdom of Lo
• Lucca – Republic of Lucca

M

• Madurai – Madurai Nayak dynasty
• Malta – Order of Saint John
• Mantua – Duchy of Mantua
• Massa – Principality of Massa
• Masserano – Principality of Masserano
• Mayurbhanj – Mayurbhanj State
• Modena – Duchy of Modena and Reggio
• Monaco – Principality of Monaco
• Montferrat – Duchy of Montferrat
• Morocco – Saadi Sultanate
• Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
• Mughal Empire
• Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore

N

• Ndongo – Kingdom of Ndongo
• Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal
• Netherlands – Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
• Ngoyo – Kingdom of Ngoyo
• Noli – Republic of Noli

O

• Odanad
• Oman – Imamate of Oman
• Ossetia
• Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
• Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

• – State of the Church
• Parma – Duchy of Parma
• Patna – Patna State
• Piombino – Principality of Piombino
• Poland–Lithuania – Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
• Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
• Prussia – Duchy of Prussia (in personal union with Brandenburg)

R

• Ragusa – Republic of Ragusa
• Russia – Tsardom of Russia
• Ryukyu – Ryukyu Kingdom

S

• – Republic of San Marino
• Savoy – Duchy of Savoy
• Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland (in personal union with England)
• Seborga – Principality of Seborga
• Senarica – Republic of Senarica
• – Funj sultanate of Sinnar
• Sonepur – Sonepur State
• Southern Ming – Great Ming Empire
• Spain – Monarchy of Spain
• Suket – Suket State
• Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
• Sweden – Swedish Empire
• Switzerland – Swiss Confederacy

T

• Tarki – Shamkhalate of Tarki
• Thanjavur – Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom
• Torriglia – Marquisate of Torriglia
• Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany
• Twipra – Twipra Kingdom

V

• Venad
• Venice – Most Serene Republic of Venice

Y

• Yarkent – Yarkent Khanate
• Yemen – Zaidi Imamate

Non-sovereign territories

England

• English America