List of shipwrecks of Oceania explained

See also: List of shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean, List of missing ships and List of maritime disasters.

This is a list of shipwrecks located in the region of Oceania.

Australia

See main article: article and List of shipwrecks of Australia.

Melanesia

Fiji

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
Harriet16 July 1837A whaler wrecked on Providence Reef in the Fiji Islands.
Tuaikaepau New Zealand6 July 1962A cutter that ran aground on the South Minerva Reef.-23.9219°N -179.0928°W

Papua New Guinea

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
USS Amberjack16 February 1943A sunk by Japanese warships off Rabaul.-5.0833°N 189°W
Arashio4 March 1943An that was sunk in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea.-7.25°N 178°W
USS Argonaut10 January 1943A V-type submarine sunk by Japanese destroyers off Rabaul.-5.6706°N 153.9156°W
26 December 1943A that was sunk by a Japanese dive bomber aircraft off Cape Gloucester, New Britain.-5.3333°N 173°W
18 October 1944A that collided with the American tanker York north of Langemak Bay.-6.0667°N 192°W
23 January 1943A Japanese that was torpedoed by south of Kavieng, New Ireland.-2.7833°N 188°W
Hatsukaze2 November 1943A sunk in Empress Augusta Bay off Bougainville Island by U.S. Navy warships during the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay.-6.0167°N 211°W
I-27 April 1944A J1-type submarine sunk by the United States Navy destroyer west-northwest of New Hanover Island.-2.2833°N 163°W
I-421 December 1942A J1-type submarine torpedoed by the United States Navy submarine at the southern entrance to St. George's Channel off New Ireland about from Rabaul.-5.0333°N 185°W
I-16827 July 1943A Kaidai 6-type submarine sunk by the United States Navy submarine off New Hanover Island.-2.8333°N 150°W
I-1711 February 1944A Kaidai 6-type submarine sunk by the United States Navy destroyers and west of Buka Island in the Solomon Islands Archipelago.-5.6167°N 168°W
Kako10 August 1942A torpedoed by the United States Navy submarine off Simbari Island.-2.4667°N 163°W
Kembu Maru Japan3 March 1943A cargo ship that was sunk by Allied aircraft in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea.-7.25°N 178°W
2 March 1943A Japanese troopship that was sunk by Allied aircraft in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea.-6.7667°N 157°W
Australia18 June 1942A passenger and cargo ship that was sunk by Japanese aircraft in Port Moresby.
Makinami25 November 1943A sunk by United States Navy destroyers 55nmi east-southeast of Cape St. George on New Ireland in the Battle of Cape St. George.-5.2333°N 203°W
MV Mamutu Australia7 August 1942A motor vessel sunk by the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine in the Gulf of Papua.-9.1833°N 156°W
USS Mckean17 November 1943A sunk by Japanese aircraft off Bougainville.[1] -6.5167°N 206°W
28 July 1943A Japanese that ran aground on a reef off the west coast of New Island.-5.45°N 173°W
10 November 1944A that exploded in Seeadler Harbor, killing over 300 people and destroying twenty-two smaller boats and landing craft.-2.0283°N 147.355°W
Nojima Maru Japan3 March 1943A troopship ship that was damaged both by aircraft and a collision with Japanese destroyer Arashio.and sank 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) southeast of Finschafen, New Guinea07°15′S 148°30′E
Oigawa Maru3 March 1943A troopship that was sunk by motor torpedo boats PT-143 and PT-150 in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea.-6.9667°N 164°W
Okinoshima12 May 1942A minelayer that was torpedoed by and sank under tow in Saint George's Channel.-5.1°N 201°W
Ōnami25 November 1943A torpedoed by United States Navy destroyers between Buka Island and Cape St. George on New Ireland in the Battle of Cape St. George.-5.25°N 202°W
Ōshio20 February 1943An that was torpedoed by 70 nautical miles northeast of Manus Island.-0.8333°N 152°W
United Kingdom31 December 1923A steamship that was wrecked on Natara Reef, off Port Moresby.
29 August 1942A Japanese Ro-33-class submarine that was sunk by off Port Moresby.-9.6°N 153°W
Ro-10423 May 1944A Ro-100-class submarine sunk by the United States Navy destroyer escort north of the Admiralty Islands.1.4333°N 169°W
Ro-10531 May 1944A Ro-100-class submarine sunk by the United States Navy destroyer escort north of the Admiralty Islands.0.7833°N 205°W
Ro-10622 May 1944A Ro-100-class submarine sunk by the United States Navy destroyer escort north of the Admiralty Islands.1.6667°N 181°W
Ro-10826 May 1944A Ro-100-class submarine sunk by the United States Navy destroyer escort north of the Admiralty Islands.-0.5333°N 183°W
Ro-11110 June 1944A Ro-100-class submarine sunk by the United States Navy destroyer north of the Admiralty Islands.0.4333°N 165°W
Ro-11624 May 1944A Ro-100-class submarine sunk by the United States Navy destroyer escort north of the Admiralty Islands.0.8833°N 163°W
13 August 1942An S-class submarine that ran aground off Rossel Island.-11.3508°N 154.149°W
Sendai2 November 1943A light cruiser sunk in Empress Augusta Bay off Bougainville Island by U.S. Navy warships during the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay.-6.1667°N 174°W
Shimakaze12 January 1943A that was torpedoed by the United States Navy submarine near Kavieng, New Ireland.-2.85°N 192°W
Shirayuki3 March 1943A that was sunk by Allied aircraft 55 nautical miles southeast of Finschhafen, Papua New Guinea.-7.25°N 178°W
Japan3 March 1943A troopship that was sunk by Allied aircraft in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea.-7.25°N 178°W
SS Taimei Maru
19 December 1942A Japanese that was torpedoed by off Madang.-5.2°N 201°W
17 February 1944A Japanese W-19-class minesweeper that was bombed by American aircraft at Karavia Bay, New Britain.
Yayoi10 August 1926A sunk as a target by Japanese aircraft off the Oki Islands.
26 November 1943A Japanese that was sunk in the Battle of Cape St. George.-4.7333°N 154°W

Micronesia

Federated States of Micronesia

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
Agano15 February 1944An that was torpedoed by the United States Navy submarine 160nmi north of Truk.10.1833°N 193°W
17 February 1944An armed merchantman that was sunk during Operation Hailstone. The remains of 400 men were recovered from the wreck and cremated in 1984.7.3667°N 207°W
Fujikawa MaruAn armed aircraft transport that was sunk during Operation Hailstone
18 February 1944A Japanese that was sunk during Operation Hailstone.7.4°N 195°W
17 February 1944A Japanese submarine tender that was sunk during Operation Hailstone.
4 April 1944A Japanese that participated in the attack on Pearl Harbor, and sank northwest of Dublon, when it flooded while diving to avoid an air-raid.
7 October 1914A survey ship that was scuttled to prevent capture.
Sankisan MaruA Japanese freighter that was sunk during Operation Hailstone.
Shinkoko MaruA Japanese oil tanker that was sunk during Operation Hailstone.
18 February 1944A Japanese that ran aground at Kuop Atoll on 4 February 1944, and remained stranded until it was sunk in Operation Hailstone.7.05°N 207°W
1 February 1944A Japanese that was torpedoed by south of Chuuk.7.1667°N 194°W

Guam

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
USS Acadia20 September 2010A sunk as a target off Guam.
1944An Imperial Japanese Navy transport sunk in Talofofo Bay.
7 April 1917A German steamer scuttled in Apra Harbor to avoid capture at the start of American involvement in World War I.13.4592°N 144.6542°W
A Japanese merchant freighter sunk by torpedo in Apra Harbor.
1943An Imperial Japanese Navy armed transport sunk in Apra Harbor.

Kiribati

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
Canton United StatesA whaling ship that ran aground at Kanton Island.
Golden Sunset United Kingdom1866A British barque that ran aground at Enderbury Island.[2]
29 November 1929A British freighter that ran aground at Nikumaroro.
United States Army14 February 1942After carrying two companies of infantry and two battalions of coast artillery, about 1,100 men, for the Canton (Kanton) Island garrison, and possibly due to loss of an anchor while landing troops and equipment by means of shallow draft craft from outside the lagoon, the ship became firmly grounded on the coral reef. The hull was eventually scrapped by 6 April 1955.

Marshall Islands

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
1 July 1946A that was sunk at Bikini Atoll in an atomic bomb test.
25 July 1946A that was sunk at Bikini Atoll in an atomic bomb test, Operation Crossroads.
A that was sunk at Bikini Atoll in an atomic bomb test.
11 May 1948A that sustained heavy damage in atomic bomb tests and was scuttled off Kwajalein.
1 July 1946A that was sunk at Bikini Atoll in an atomic bomb test.
A that was sunk at Bikini Atoll in an atomic bomb test.
4 December 1943A Japanese freighter that was sunk by US aircraft at Kwajalein Atoll.9.3167°N 192°W
2 July 1946A that was sunk at Bikini Atoll in an atomic bomb test.
12 May 1948An that was sunk at Enewetak Atoll in an atomic bomb test.
25 July 1948An that was sunk at Enewetak Atoll in an atomic bomb test.
30 July 1946A Japanese that sustained heavy damage in an atomic bomb test at Bikini Atoll, and capsized and sank five days later.
10 February 1948A super-dreadnought battleship, that was sunk off Kwajalein after atomic bomb tests.
25 July 1946A that sunk at Bikini Atoll in an atomic bomb test.30.4333°N 193°W
22 December 1946A German heavy cruiser that was damaged at Bikini Atoll by atomic bomb tests, and later towed to Kwajalein where it capsized and sunk.8.7527°N 167.6831°W
2 July 1946A Japanese that sustained heavy damage in an atomic bomb test at Bikini Atoll, and sank the following day.11.5833°N 188°W
25 July 1946A that was sunk at Bikini Atoll in an atomic bomb test.11.5815°N 165.4986°W
Toreshima MaruDecember 1943A Japanese supply ship sunk at Maloelap Atoll off Taroa Island by US Navy.

Palau

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
Amatsu Maru31 March 1944A Japanese tanker that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
Bichu Maru30 March 1944A Japanese freighter that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
Chuyo Maru31 March 1944A Japanese freighter (army cargo vessel) that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
Gozan Maru30 March 1944A Japanese troopship that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
31 March 1944A Japanese oil tanker that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One. She was the sister ship of Sata.
Kamikaze MaruA Japanese troopship that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
Kibi MaruA Japanese freighter (army cargo vessel) that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
Nagisan MaruA Japanese freighter (army cargo vessel) that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
13 September 1944A that was sunk by a naval mine off Anguar.6.8833°N 144°W
Raizan Maru31 March 1944A Japanese freighter (army cargo vessel) that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
Ryuko MaruA Japanese freighter (army cargo vessel) that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
25 August 1944A Japanese that was torpedoed by after running aground on Velasco Reef.8.1667°N 172°W
31 March 1944A Japanese oil tanker that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One. She was a sister ship of Irō.
Teshio MaruA Japanese freighter (army cargo vessel) that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
Urakami MaruA Japanese repair ship that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.
30 March 1944A Japanese that was sunk during Operation Desecrate One.7.8333°N 154°W

Wake Island

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
Dashing Wave31 August 1870A British tea clipper that struck a reef and sank.
11 December 1941A Japanese destroyer sunk by US Marines.19.1667°N 188°W
18.9167°N 183°W
4 March 1866A German barque that shipwrecked on the eastern reef during a gale.[3]

New Zealand

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
FranceA barque that struck rocks off the Auckland Islands.-50.7771°N 165.8875°W
New ZealandA passenger and cargo steamer that was sunk for target practice in Cook Strait.
United KingdomA brigantine that was attacked by Maori warriors at Whangaroa. The ship was destroyed by fire during the resulting Boyd massacre.
A storeship that was wrecked in a storm in Mercury Bay, with two lives lost.-36.8267°N 175.7056°W
A that was scuttled as a dive wreck in the Bay of Islands.-35.1938°N 174.2944°W
New ZealandA wooden steam trawler that struck rocks in Lyttelton Harbour.
1951A tea clipper, later used as a coal hulk, intentionally beached in Lyttelton Harbour.
United KingdomA barque that ran aground on Enderby Island.-50.4843°N 166.3028°W
New ZealandA cutter wrecked near Quail Island, Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand
United KingdomA barque that was wrecked in a storm off Disappointment Island, where the survivors remained for seven months until rescued.-50.6079°N 165.9548°W
AustraliaA steamship that struck West Island (one of the Three Kings Islands) and sank within 20 minutes.-34.186°N 172.0316°W
United KingdomBy getting too close in while waiting the arrival of the pilot.[4] off Nelson
CanadaA three-masted auxiliary barque driven onto the bar of Parengarenga Harbour, a few miles south of North Cape. There were no fatalities amongst the crew of thirteen men and one woman.[5] -34.5218°N 173.0102°W
United StatesA barque that drifted into a cave on the western shore of the Auckland Islands and sank.
Holmbank New ZealandA coastal trading vessel that was lost off Banks Peninsula
A coastal trading vessel that was lost off Timaru.-44.5223°N 171.6894°W
United KingdomA cargo and passenger sailing ship that was beached in the North Island in a storm.
New ZealandA collier that capsized near Cape Reinga.
A Soviet passenger liner that ran aground in the Marlborough Sounds.-41.0421°N 174.2195°W
United KingdomAn ocean liner that struck a mine and sank off Bream Head while carrying a secret consignment of gold from the Bank of England.-35.8639°N 174.9439°W
New Zealand1877A steam ship wrecked off Quail Island, Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand
A that ran aground on the Manukau Heads, with 189 lives lost.
New ZealandA ferry that foundered off Cape Terawhiti.
A cargo ship that was sunk by a mine off Farewell Spit.
A coastal cargo boat that was converted into a minesweeper, and hit a mine off Bream Head 25 days after being commissioned.-35.7708°N 174.7167°W
United KingdomA barque that ran aground on Farewell Spit.[6] -40.5°N 172.8667°W
NetherlandsA fishing trawler that was purchased by Greenpeace in 1978 for use as a fundraising and protest ship. She was sabotaged and sunk by the French secret service at Auckland on 10 July 1985, and although later refloated, was found to be beyond repair and finally scuttled in Matauri Bay.-34.9748°N 173.9349°W
LiberiaA container ship that ran aground on Astrolabe Reef, resulting in New Zealand's worst oil spill. The wreck broke apart and sank in January 2012.-37.5403°N 176.4292°W
1868A passenger paddle steamer used as a gunboat during the New Zealand Wars. In 1865 she reverted to civilian use and became Tasmanian Maid, before being wrecked off New Plymouth.
AustraliaA schooner that was wrecked in a storm off Moeraki, Otago.
New ZealandA passenger steamer that struck a reef off Waipapa Point and sank the next day, claiming over 100 victims. -46.6686°N 168.8622°W
An sloop that ran aground in the Chatham Islands.
AustraliaA brig wrecked in a storm in Lyttelton Harbour
An oceanographic survey and research ship that was scuttled as a dive wreck.-35.5832°N 174.5394°W
VictoryA steamship that ran aground off Otago Peninsula.-45.8425°N 170.7321°W
Wahine New ZealandA passenger ferry that ran aground and capsized, with 51 lives lost.
A that was scuttled off Tutukata as an artificial reef.-35.6528°N 174.5445°W
New ZealandA luxury steamer that hit a reef off Great Barrier Island.-36.0674°N 175.3519°W
A that was scuttled off the coast of Wellington. -41.353°N 220.8°W
William and John New ZealandA 10-ton cutter wrecked in a storm in Lyttelton Harbour

Polynesia

Hawaii

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
USS Admiral W. L. Capps
7 December 1941A battleship lost in the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor.
7 October 1964A sunk as a target off Pearl Harbor.
BeringJanuary 1815The Russian-American Company ship (also spelled Behring; formerly, an American maritime fur trade vessel) wrecked at Waimea Bay, Oahu.[7] [8]
27 April 1975A sunk as a target.
21 November 1921A schooner that struck a reef off Molokai.
December 2005A sailing boat that was sunk as an artificial reef.20.8627°N -156.6752°W
6 April 1824The royal yacht of King Kamehameha II that ran aground in Hanalei Bay.
7 January 1992A submarine that was disabled in a collision with Kansas Getty, and sunk as a target off Pearl Harbor.
9 February 2001A Japanese fishery high school training ship sank about 9nmi off the south coast of Oahu, after a collision with United States Navy submarine . Nine of its crewmembers were killed, including four high school students.
I-18A Japanese midget submarine depth-charged at Pearl Harbor.
31 May 1946An that was sunk as a target off Kalaeloa.
Kad’yak1816The Russian-American Company ship (also spelled Kad’iak and Kodiak; formerly Myrtle), wrecked at Honolulu Harbor, Oahu.
21 May 1944A tank landing ship sunk following the West Loch Disaster in Pearl Harbor.
8 October 1957A fleet oiler run aground on Maro Reef.
4 July 1944An S-class submarine that sunk off Oahu.
29 October 1870A sloop-of-war that ran aground off Kure Atoll.
San Pedro1996Sunk by Atlantis Submarines Hawaii as an artificial reef.
29 May 1958A sunk in a collision with .
November 1960A that was scuttled after being used as an anti-submarine warfare target.
7 December 1941A former battleship converted to a training and target ship lost in the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor.21.3689°N -157.9625°W
1989Sunk by Atlantis Submarines Hawaii as an artificial reef.

Pitcairn Islands

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
Acadia5 June 1881A mail ship that was wrecked on Ducie Island.
BowdonApril 1893A ship that was wrecked on Oeno Island.
Cornwallis23 January 1875A ship that was wrecked on Pitcairn Island.
Khandeish25 September 1875A ship that was wrecked on Oeno Island.
Oregon23 August 1883A ship that was wrecked on Oeno Island.
5 March 1858A 1,500-ton clipper ship that was wrecked on Oeno Island.

Samoa

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
16 March 1889A gunboat that was wrecked in the 1889 Apia cyclone.-13.8266°N -171.7647°W
A warship that was wrecked in the 1889 Apia cyclone.-13.8314°N -171.7519°W
Staghound British Australian colony21 November 1862Drove ashore during a gale.
16 March 1889A warship that was wrecked in the 1889 Apia cyclone.

Solomon Islands

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
30 January 1943The heavy cruiser was sunk at the Battle of Rennell Island.-11.4167°N 216°W
6 July 1943The light cruiser was sunk at the Battle of Kula Gulf.-7.7667°N 157.1833°W
13 July 1943The Japanese light cruiser was sunk at the Battle of Kolombangara.-7.6333°N 163°W
13 November 1942The light cruiser was sunk at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.-10.5667°N 165°W
5 April 1943The Japanese Kaichū type submarine was sunk by and off the Russell Islands.-8.25°N 216°W
7 October 1943The Japanese was sunk at the Naval Battle of Vella Lavella.-7.55°N 170°W
25 October 1942The Japanese light cruiser was bombed by US aircraft and scuttled off Savo Island.-8.25°N 166°W

Ironbottom Sound

Ironbottom Sound is the name given to the stretch of water between Guadalcanal and Florida Island, because of the dozens of ships and planes that sank there during the Guadalcanal Campaign in 1942–43.

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
7 April 1943The was sunk by Japanese aircraft during Operation I-Go.-9.175°N 160.2°W
13 November 1942The Japanese was sunk at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.-9.2833°N 215°W
9 August 1942The heavy cruiser was sunk at the Battle of Savo Island.-9.2092°N 159.8675°W
13 November 1942The anti-aircraft cruiser was sunk at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.-9.39°N 159.979°W
15 November 1942The Japanese was sunk by gunfire from .-9.1667°N 211°W
13 November 1942The was struck by torpedoes from the Japanese destroyer .
9 August 1942The Kent-class cruiser was scuttled after taking damage at the Battle of Savo Island.
30 August 1942 The was sunk by Japanese aircraft.-9.4°N 161°W
13 November 1942The was sunk at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.
1 February 1943The was sunk by Japanese bomber aircraft during Operation Ke.-9.15°N 211°W
12 October 1942The was sunk after taking damage in the Battle of Cape Esperance.
11 October 1942The Japanese was sunk at the Battle of Cape Esperance.-9.1°N 197°W
12 October 1942The Japanese was sunk at the Battle of Cape Esperance.
8 August 1942The was sunk by Mitsubishi G4M bomber aircraft.-9.3458°N 160.1372°W
5 September 1942The was sunk by the Japanese destroyers,, and .
14 November 1942The Japanese battleship was scuttled after taking damage at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.-9°N 158.9997°W
A Japanese military transport.
9 August 1942The was sunk by Japanese aircraft.-9.7°N 217°W
13 August 1943The attack transport was sunk by Japanese aircraft off Lunga Point.
2 July 1943The Japanese auxiliary minelayer/merchant ship, sunk in Mbaeroko Bay, near Munda, during a bombing raid by American B-25 bomber aircraft.-8.1°N 177°W
8 April 1943The was sunk by Japanese Aichi D3A aircraft.
A Japanese military transport.
15 November 1942The Japanese battleship was sunk by .-9.0833°N 201°W
13 November 1942The that was sunk at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.
5 September 1942The was sunk by the Japanese destroyers,, and .
1 February 1942The Japanese was scuttled after striking a naval mine.-9.25°N 206°W
7 April 1943The was sunk by Japanese aircraft.
13 November 1942The was sunk at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.
30 November 1942The heavy cruiser was sunk at the Battle of Tassafaronga.-9.2°N 209°W
14 November 1942The was sunk at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.
American PT boats
9 August 1942The was sunk at the Battle of Savo Island.-9.0756°N 159.975°W
25 October 1942The oceangoing tug was sunk off Tulagi by Japanese destroyers.-9.3833°N 160.2206°W
29 January 1945The United States Coast Guard-crewed Liberty ship that exploded while anchored off Lunga Beach.
30 November 1942The was sunk at the Battle of Tassafaronga.-9.23°N 159.82°W
12 December 1942The was torpedoed by PT-37 and PT-40.-9.2167°N 205°W
A Japanese military transport.
9 August 1942The was sunk at the Battle of Savo Island.
15 November 1942The was sunk at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.
Liberia30 April 2000The cruise ship struck a reef in the Sandfly Passage and ran aground in Roderick Bay.-9.0231°N 160.123°W
An American yard patrol craft.
13 November 1942The Japanese was sunk at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.-9.2333°N 211°W

References

  1. Web site: USS McKean (i) (APD 5) . January 1, 2024 . uboat.net.
  2. Web site: Enderbury Island, Phoenix Group, Republic of Kiribati . Janeresture.com . 28 September 2008 . 27 April 2010.
  3. Web site: 9 October 2005 . Spennemann, The wreck of the Libelle and other early European Visitors to Wake Island, Central Pacific . 27 April 2010 . Marshall.csu.edu.au.
  4. News: 8 November 1881 . Wellington. . 27 April 2017 . . Queensland, Australia . 3 . National Library of Australia . XXII . 3002.
  5. Book: Taylor, Roger . Voyages of a Simple Sailor . 1 February 2008 . . 978-0955803505 . Waltham Cross.
  6. 'Wreck of the Queen Bee, from London', pg 2, Nelson Evening Mail, 8 August 1877
  7. Book: Malloy, Mary . "Boston Men" on the Northwest Coast: The American Maritime Fur Trade 1788-1844 . 1998 . . 978-1-895901-18-4 . 74–75.
  8. Grinëv . Andrei V. . Fall 2011 . Russian Maritime Catastrophes during the Colonization of Alaska, 1741–1867 . The Pacific Northwest Quarterly . University of Washington . 102 . 4 . 178–194 . 24624633 . 1 December 2020 . Bland . Richard L..

Further reading

External links