List of shipwrecks of Cornwall (19th century) explained

The List of shipwrecks of Cornwall (19th century) lists the ships which sank on or near the coasts of mainland Cornwall in that period. The list includes ships that sustained a damaged hull, which were later refloated and repaired.

For ships wrecked both before and after the 19th century see List of shipwrecks of Cornwall or List of shipwrecks of Cornwall (20th century).
For ships wrecked off the Isles of Scilly see List of shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly.
For ships wrecked on the Seven Stones Reef see List of shipwrecks of the Seven Stones Reef.

1801–1810

An estimated 25–30 vessels were lost on the Manacles off the east Lizard coast between about 1810 and 1855 with the loss of 700 to 800 lives.^[1]
Between 1823 and 1846 almost 150 vessels were lost between Land's End and Trevose Head.^[2]

1801

9 January – Lark was abandoned by her crew when she sprang a leak in the Atlantic Ocean off Land's End. She was on a voyage from King's Lynn, Norfolk to Liverpool, Lancashire.^[3]
25 January – Rosannah foundered in the English Channel off The Lizard, Cornwall while on a voyage from Cork to London. Her crew were rescued.^[4]
March - Julia was wrecked at St Michael's Mount.^[5]
March - Providence : was wrecked at St Michael's Mount, Cornwall.^[6]
April - collier North Star struck a rock (on 13 April) and later sank at the pier on St Michael's Mount. Her cargo was salvaged.^[7]
2 November – brig Sally was driven ashore and wrecked in Mount's Bay.^[8]
December - Britannia was driven ashore and wrecked near Padstow.^[9]
December - Cornish Oak : was driven ashore and wrecked near Padstow.^[9]
December - Grinder : was driven ashore and wrecked near Padstow.^[9]
December - Padstow : was wrecked near Padstow.^[9]
unknown date - Windsor Castle, a merchant ship (worth, with goods, £900) on the homeward leg from Calcutta wrecked off Land's End, Owner and Captain Henry Jackson. His son John and six men survived.^[10]

1802

2 March – Suffolk of London carrying bale goods and rice from Bengal driven ashore near the mouth of the Hayle river in a NE gale. Nineteen of the crew were saved by a line floated ashore from the ship, two died in their hammocks, too ill to move.^[11]
a French mackerel boat was wrecked near Porthleven with the loss of eight crew.^[12]
Princess Charlotte lost on the Manacles.^[13]

1803

several wrecks in Mount's Bay during the winter of 1802–03 led to the setting up of a lifeboat station at Penzance following a donation by Lloyds and public subscription.^[14]

1804

February – frigate HMS Fearless driven ashore near Redding Point on the Rame peninsula with the loss of one man.^[15]

1805

Cotton Beach at Morwenstow named after the cargo of a wrecked ship.^[11]
English cargo ship Betsey stranded at Bude whilst unloading. Her cargo was salvaged.

1806

7 March – unnamed ship struck the Runnelstone and sank while under escort by .^[16]

1807

20 May – Spanish naval sailing ship Nuestra Senora de Boa St Quintera wrecked on Pencra Head, near the Manacles.^[17]
4 November – brigantine Harmonia on voyage from Oporto to Sligo with cork, wine and oranges driven ashore at Portreath. An attempt to save the crew ended when three of the would-be rescuers drowned. Captain and eight crew of the Harmonia were eventually saved.^[14]
7 November – the 400-ton James and Rebecca carrying the 9th Regiment of Dragoons cavalry along with their equipment and the officers' families (but not horses) home from a campaign against the Spanish in Buenos Aires. Ten sailors, 28 soldiers and three children drowned under Halzephron cliff and 36 of them were buried in a mass grave nearby.^[12]
20 November – several vessels were lost at St Ives.
21 November – navy tender HMS Bolina, damaged in gale-force winds, was run ashore on the beach at Perranporth. One marine out of a crew of six was drowned earlier, when swept overboard.
29 December – driven onto the Loe Bar with the loss of an estimated 60–100 lives. Thomas Grylls, a local solicitor, drafted a new law which became the Burial of Drowned Persons Acts 1808 (also known as the Grylls' Act) to provide decent burial for drowned seamen; and Henry Trengrouse developed a rocket apparatus to shoot lines across the surf to shipwrecks, an early form of the breeches buoy.^[18] ^[19]

1808

15 April – the Hermanest August bound for London from Porto with a cargo of wine and cork wrecked near Porthleven. Nine of the eleven crew drowned along with two local men trying to save them.^[12]

1809

6 January – 110-ton brig Royal Recovery wrecked near Porthleven while bound from Liverpool to London with a cargo of salt.
22 January – transport ship Dispatch sank after hitting Black Rock and the Brig-of-War sank after hitting the nearby Manacles with the loss of almost two hundred lives.^[20] Sixty–eight died on Dispatch.^[21]
unknown date – while bound for Tenerife from Dartmouth the 109-ton sloop Mars wrecked near Porthleven.
unknown date – 500-ton Metis wrecked near Porthleven.
unknown date – Old Wife wrecked near Porthleven.

1810

15 February – brig lost on the Runnel Stone while outward bound from Falmouth with the loss of 12 lives.^[22]
16 February – Jemima out from Cork, the ship was driven ashore and wrecked in Whitsand Bay, south-east Cornwall with the loss of all hands.^[23]
25 March – out from Newport, sailing ship Brothers was stranded and became a total loss near Padstow.^[24]
26 March – sloop Mary foundered in the Atlantic Ocean off Land's End. Her crew were rescued.^[25]
11 September – the Swansea brig Fanny was lost in a gale the day after she left Hayle for Wales. Parts of the vessel washed up near Hayle in St Ives bay.^[26]
18 September – Penelope stranded near St Ives and became a total loss while bound for Swansea from St Ives.^[24]
10 November – Jenopher foundered six miles south of Mousehole with the loss of a crew member during a "big storm". Two others were reported to have been rescued.^[23]
14 November – Mary Ann sprung a leak off the Lizard and tried to make Falmouth. She overshot, made for Plymouth and dropped anchor in Whitsand Bay but was driven ashore. She was carrying bale goods, coffee, sugar and wine from her home port of London to Malta.^[23]
16 November – brig Clio of Kincardine wrecked on Loe Bar while carrying a cargo of barilla from the Azores. The captain and mate drowned but the three remaining crew survived. An alternative account gives the loss of all the crew and the cargo of barilla and wine, while en route from Tenerife to London.^[23]
16 November – in the same gale as the Clio all the crew of the brig Sans Ramon ( Spain) drowned as she came ashore on Loe Bar. She was heading for Plymouth from Saloe with wine and most of her cargo was salvaged and sold at the Star Inn, Marazion on 2 September 1811.
23 November – Grenada bound for Plymouth with wine wrecked near Porthleven.^[23]
21 December – Eudora ( United States) en route from Norfolk, Virginia, to London carrying tobacco leaf wrecked near Efford, Bude. Some of her fixtures and cargo were salvaged and sold at Bude.^[24]
21 December – Price wrecked near Bude Haven while bound for Chichester from Waterford with a cargo of beef, butter, lard and oats. A second report says she was driven ashore at her home port of Padstow.^[24]
unknown date – Mary Ann wrecked near Porthleven.

1811–1820

1811

1 August – Expedition wrecked on Manacle Point.^[27]
March – Providence wrecked on Manacle Point (or The Manacles). She was on a voyage from Plymouth, Devon, to Amelia Island, East Florida.^[28] ^[29]
unknown date – Bloodhound wrecked at Harlyn Bay

1812

20 March – the diary of a fisherman recorded "This night seven vessels which were in the Mount Road riding, parted and was driven on shore. Three to the Westward ... are an entire wreck ... out of which four or five men and a boy was drowned".^[30]

1813

27 March – Island wrecked at Leggan Cove, Manacle Point.^[31]

1814

13 January – troop transport ship Queen wrecked off Trefusis Point, Mylor returning from the Peninsular War with loss of 369 lives. The survivors were 99 (including 85 soldiers).^[32] ^[33] ^[34]
9 December – Atalanta was wrecked near Porthleven while carrying a cargo of salt. All five crew and three locals attempting to save the crew drowned.
19 December – De Vrouw Sara Johanna with a mixed cargo of cocoa, Spanish wool, cinnamon and hides was wrecked on the rocks west of Porthleven. Her crew and some of the cargo survived.
unknown date – The Mentor a West Indiaman from Martinique driven on the Chyandour rocks. Only one of the 25 crew survived.

1815

19 October – ″A most stormy night, when the Dutch East Indiaman was wrecked in Mount's Bay″.^[35]
24 October – While bound from Bordeaux to Rouen with a cargo of wine a French sloop was wrecked on Loe Bar
27 November – Dolphin wrecked at Godrevy Cove, Manacle Point.^[36]
5–6 December – an unnamed galliot Netherlands was wrecked on the Moulds, near Padstow with the loss of all the crew.

1816

14 July – Jonge Anthony while bound for Amsterdam from Lisbon with a cargo of salt, tea and cocoa wrecked on Loe Bar. All the crew managed to get ashore.
16 July – Scilly packet the Lord Howe hit a rock off Kemyel Point, beyond Mousehole. A fishing fleet nearby took off the passengers, crew and most of the cargo.
15 September – twelve gun schooner on her way to patrol the Irish Sea took refuge from a gale and tried to enter Padstow harbour without a pilot. She grounded on the Doom Bar on an ebb tide^[37] The officer in charge Lt John Jackson was court–martialled for negligence and three of the crew received fifty lashes for desertion.^[38]

1817

4 January – London brig Resolution bound from Oporto came ashore close to Porthleven with a cargo of port wine and oranges.
19 and 20 January – a storm with hurricane-force winds caused damage to property from Plymouth to Land's End. At Penzance two ships sank within the harbour, a third filled with water and a fourth broke her moorings and went ashore. At Polperro thirty boats and two seines ″shared in the common calamity and exposed the unhappy sufferers to distress from which the industry of years can scarcely be expected to relieve them″.
20 January – Cherokee class brig-sloop was wrecked during hurricane-force winds while running for safety in Plymouth Sound. She went ashore at either Rame Head or Bear's Head, Mount Batten, with the death of 65 people.^[39]
24 January – Ten drowned when the L'Hameçon was wrecked near Porthleven. She was carrying wine from Marseilles to Havre de Grace.
February – three men from an unrecorded shipwreck buried at Mullion.^[40]
20 March – brig Mary wrecked at Fassel Geaver Cove near Godrevy during a northerly gale. All crew saved. A number of people described as ″Camborne Miners″ were committed to trial at the Assize after stealing the anchors, food and clothing.^[14]
unknown date – sloop Dove carrying a cargo of culm (coal) from Neath to Plymouth wrecked near Porthleven. Two drowned.

1818

April – Brig Victoria with a cargo of wine driven ashore . Looters swarmed on board but driven away by the Penrith Yeomanry.
William wrecked on the Manacles.^[41]

1819

20 February (first report) – Bristol sloop Friends wrecked at Bude Haven with the loss of the Master.
18 or 25 November – Exeter ship Endeavor with coal wrecked on the cliffs of St Ginnis (St Gennys) with the loss of the three crew. Her fate was watched by hundreds of people on the cliff who were unable to offer assistance. Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 905227.
19 December – 171-ton Montreal Packet wrecked on Loe Bar while bound for London from Tarragona with a cargo of nuts. Her Captain and crew of six were drowned and buried in Sithney churchyard two days later.
Isles of Scilly packet Lord Howe sank off the Runnelstone.^[42]

1820

Idea lost off Nare Head, The Lizard.^[43]

1821–1830

1821

4 March – Peggy bound for London from Lisbon with a cargo of oranges was wrecked on rocks to the west of Porthleven. Boxes of oranges were raised to the cliff top using Henry Trengrouse's apparatus.
30 April – Swansea brig Birmingham struck the Rundlestone when bound for Le Havre from her home port with eight aboard. She sank within five minutes and only two survived.^[44]
27 August – the Carmarthen Packet with tin–plate and slate from Carmarthen to London struck a shoal to the north of the Runnelstone and sank almost immediately. The crew were picked up by the Regent and landed at Penzance three days later.^[44]
Teat's Hill wrecked at the entrance to Carrick Roads, near the Black Rock.^[45]

1823

May – Plymouth ship Peace bound for Liverpool from her home port with malt struck the Runnelstone. With the help of local boatmen she was beached on the sands at Whitsand Bay, repaired and sailed to Penzance.^[44]
9 October – Sarah Jane wrecked on the Manacles.^[46]
23 October – a French brig carrying iron and coal struck the Shoaler Stone near Godrevy Island with the loss of two men.^[44]

1824

28 January – the Vrow Gesina on voyage from Lisbon to London wrecked on the coast of Poundstock parish. Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 1105243.
22–23 February – a "hurricane" from the south and south–south–east caused much damage including the top of the lighthouse at Penzance and part of the pier, boats in the harbour were driven ashore and in some cases dismasted. Approximately a dozen boats in Mousehole and Newlyn destroyed and others damaged.
22–23 February – a vessel in the bay near Mousehole wrecked with the loss of her five crew.
22–23 February – the Celia (Sweden) of Stockholm driven ashore at Lamorna Cove.
27 April – the first ever silver medals were awarded to William Rowe of Porthleven and John Freeman of Gunwalloe by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, at their first meeting on 10 July 1824 for the rescue of collier brig Olive, when she was driven into Mount's Bay by bad weather and went ashore near Halzephron cliffs. William Rowe swam through the breaking waves with a rope tied around his waist and with the help of John Freeman and 24 men on shore saved the Captain, his sister and all six crew. The 24 men were rewarded with a share of £30.
26 December – the Ability from Cork for Penzance and watched by hundreds of people was wrecked, with the loss of her crew, near Bude.

1826

5 February – ketch Ida bound from Messina for Stockholm with a cargo of oranges wrecked on Porthleven beach near the newly completed harbour. Three crew members drowned and the captain and mate saved by a line from the shore. Waves breaking over nearby Loe Bar were an indication of the ferocity of the storm and a 14-year-old girl was swept into Loe Pool while crossing the bar and drowned as she was rushing to site of the wreck.
12 April – the Giraffa (or Geraffa) of Scarborough carrying oats from Cork to London was driven onshore in Bude Bay during a north–west gale with the loss of the ship's boy. Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 905276.
September – Teignmouth schooner Fanny hit a shoal near the Runnelstone and sank. The crew was saved by HM Cutter Dove which was replacing the nearby buoy.
9 October – Irish passenger vessel Jane foundered eight miles west of Bude. Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 905485.

1828

April – brig Albion wrecked near Penzance and crew saved by the rocket apparatus and by a gig.^[47]
1 May – Auspicious wrecked off Dean Point, near the Manacles.^[48]
29 October – sloop Anna Maria of Padstow sank near Porthleven when her tow rope to the brig Oakwell broke. She was carrying roofing slates from Port Gaverne to Truro.

1829

4 January – the crew drowned when an unknown English vessel was wrecked at Godrevy.
1 February – Ringdove wrecked on the Manacles.^[49]
3 December – sloop Polyblank of Dartmouth with a cargo of coal from Newport hit the Runnelstone and foundered. The crew managed to launch the ship's boat and were found on the beach at Lamorna Cove, the next morning.^[44]

1830

December – three foreign ships were lost in Veryan Bay during a storm. Shortly after Trinity House decided to build a tower on Gribben Head to distinguish it from The Dodman and St Anthony's Head.
5 December – brig Bon Pere () while en route from Guadeloupe to Le Havre with sugar, was wrecked on Towan Beach while trying to weather Zone Point and reach Falmouth. The crew of ten survived thanks to Lt William James RN of St Mawes who swam through the surf to bring a rope ashore.^[50]
5 (or 6) December – Brothers was driven ashore and wrecked at Coverack. She was on a voyage from Bridgwater, Somerset, to Hull, Yorkshire; her crew were rescued.^[51]
6 December – brig Bacchus wrecked on the Gull Rock, in Gerrans Bay with the loss of all hands.
6 December – galiot Catherine Margaretha ( Denmark) was driven ashore and wrecked at Portholland. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Hamburg.
6 December – Despatch : driven ashore at Penzance and later refloated.^[52]
6 December – brig Ebenezer driven ashore at Penzance. Her crew were rescued.^[51] She was refloated on 13 December and taken in to Penzance.^[53]
6 December – schooner Eleanor driven ashore and wrecked at either Newlyn or Penzance.^[51] ^[54] ^[55]
6 December – brig Experiment ( Norway) wrecked in Cawsand Bay. She was on a voyage from Rochefort, Charente-Maritime to Kristiansand.^[54] ^[56]
6 December – brig Hawke driven ashore and wrecked near Maenporth with the loss of all hands. She was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan, to London.^[54]
6 December – Henry driven ashore at Penzance and later refloated.^[52]
6 December – Industry driven ashore at Penzance. She was on a voyage from Lisbon, Portugal to London.^[52]
6 December – Kingfisher : The ship sank at Penzance.^[54]
6 December – La Mayenne ( France): The schooner was driven ashore and wrecked on The Towans, Cornwall. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Cette, Hérault to Rouen, Seine-Maritime.
6 December – brig Matilda and Susan driven ashore and wrecked 3nmi east of Helford with the loss of all hands. She was on a voyage from Plymouth, Devon, to St. Andero, Spain.^[57] ^[54]
6 December – Mothers wrecked near The Lizard. She was on a voyage from Bridgwater to Hull; her crew were rescued.^[55]
6 December – schooner Resolution driven ashore at Penzance while on a voyage from Livorno, Grand Duchy of Tuscany to Leith, Lothian.^[51] ^[52]
6 December – brig St. Nicholas driven ashore and wrecked between Deadman's Point and St Anthony's Point. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg to the Mediterranean.^[57]
6 December – schooner Susan and Matilda driven ashore and wrecked at Maenporth with the loss of all hands.^[51] ^[58]
6 December – Tobacconist foundered in the English Channel off Portholland.^[57]

1831–1840

1831

end of October – brig Vigilant of Whitby with a cargo of timber from Richebucto, New Brunswick to Hull was stranded on a reef at high water. The crew climbed over the rocks to the shore on the ebb tide. Vigilant went to pieces on the next tide.

1832

cargo vessel wrecked in Bude bay.
Unknown date Ocean (wrecked at Watergate Bay^[59]
Unknown date Duchess of Somerset (wrecked at the north end of Watergate Bay^[59]

1833

7 February – Isles of Scilly smack John and Mary was wrecked 100 yards east of Porthleven pier while bound from Cork to Plymouth.
27 October – the crew of the Neptunus attempted to row ashore near Porthleven when their ship lost her mast in a gale. All six lost their lives.

1836

early February – the stern of the St Ives boat Fanny was washed onto the shore near Newquay. The crew lost their lives.
4 February – a sloop was dismasted off Land's End. The Eliza Richards passed within a quarter of a mile but could not offer any assistance.^[60]
7 February – Paul washed up onto the beach at Gwithian. Four other ships were wrecked (whereabouts undisclosed).^[61]
early March – unnamed barge carrying timber foundered between Mevagissey and Falmouth.^[62]
9 March (or 2 March) – Fowey boat Venus foundered a mile and half to the east of her home port. All three crew lost.^[62]
27 March – brig Traveller of Aberdeen from Port-au-Prince awaiting orders was driven ashore onto Trefusis Point. Part of her cargo of coffee, cotton and timber was salvaged. Schooners Lavinia, Killigrew and Ceres also driven ashore.^[63]
27 March – sloop Susan of Plymouth driven ashore on the Helford River.^[63]
27 March – Two smacks from Brixham with the same name, Anne, driven ashore on the beach near Newlyn. Sixteen ″lognail driving boats″ parted their cables, seven of them became total wrecks. The Providence was knocked to pieces by the Susan, whilst the Sally, Ocean, Agenoria and Lord Wellington all driven onto the harbour beach with bulwarks and rails broken.^[63]
2 April – brig Ocean of Newport entered Padstow harbour in a strong NW gale on a heavy sea. She hit the sloop Margaretta and Esther and capsized with the loss of all six crew.^[64]
10 April – schooner Rashleigh of St Ives and the Europa of Mecklenburg collided, approximately three leagues south of Penzance, whilst on opposite tacks. The Europa picked up the crew of the Rashleigh which was carrying coal.^[65]
18 September – schooner La Ostendia () carrying salt, tin and wool from Liverpool for her home port of Ostend foundered approximately twelve leagues WSW of Lundy Island. The crew of six were landed at St Ives the next day.^[66]
10 October – ″The whole of our Southern coast, having been visited by heavy gales of wind, with rain, for several nights past; and on Monday night it blew a perfect gale. Some of the fishing boats in Goran Haven are seriously injured – one completely knocked to pieces.″^[67]
12 October – ″On Wednesday and Wednesday night, the storm was truly awful″. A barge collecting oarweed from Mylor sank off Bar Point. A small boat with two men in it was lost in the Fal.^[67]
12 October – a seine boat together with its nets sank at Mullion.^[67]
13 October – the Padstow ferry capsized drowning the three passengers.^[67]
17 October – Exeter schooner Thomas and Nancy was run down by the Dartmouth smack Rebecca which brought the crew into Padstow.^[67]
26 October – schooner Progress of Beaumaris went ashore at Bude. The crew of four were saved.^[68]
27 October – schooner Caroline wrecked at the entrance to Falmouth Harbour. Sixty tons of copper ore was salvaged.^[69]
29 October – a schooner was seen to sink off Bude in heavy seas.^[68]
2 November – schooner Gallen of Cork lost at Portreath whilst in ballast.^[70]
19 November – the Longships lighthouse boat sank in Gwavas Lake.^[68]
23 November – whilst entering Padstow harbour the smack Britannia of Jersey collided with a schooner. Three men from the smack survived.^[68]
29 November – sloop Emma driven ashore near St Mawes Castle. Other ships were driven onto the beach at Falmouth during hurricane-force winds.^[71]
schooner Jane sank whilst attempting to enter Padstow harbour. She had lost her main boom, foretop sail and boat. Three of the crew were saved by the Dewdrop.

1837

April – Newmanly wrecked near the Manacles.^[72]
July – timber-laden ship Lockwood was lost during a gale off Marazion, between Chapel Rock and St Michael's Mount. All the crew were saved.^[73]
unknown date – the Riot Act was read by the Rev. Mr. Buller of St Just after looting of the Le Landois by a ″drunken mob of over 4,000 people″ when she went ashore in Whitesand Bay near Gribba Point with a cargo of wines, cordials, cotton, velvet, tobacco and brandy.

1838

20 January – A Neapolitan vessel wrecked at Polurrian in Mount's Bay with the loss of all hands. Eleven bodies found and buried in Mullion.
20 April – 170-ton East Indiaman brig Neptune with a valuable cargo and nine crew lost at Godrevy.
6 May – Osiris wrecked on the Manacles.^[74]
20 June – an unnamed 150-ton (possibly) Spanish–built ship was stranded on the shore near Mullion. There was no sign of a cargo or crew just some clothing and a few firearms. The remains of a boy and man together with parts of a ship's boat was later washed ashore.
21 September – brig Affleck ran aground near Lowland Point, St Keverne.^[75]
4 October – Industry sprung a leak in heavy winds while in ballast from Penzance to Swansea and sank 50miles leeward of St Ives.^[76]
122-ton schooner Rival on voyage from Bristol to Poole grounded on Porthminster beach with a cargo of salt. All five crew survived.^[77]
Ranger wrecked in Carrick Roads off Castle Point.^[78]
Rose wrecked on the Manacles.^[79]

1839

18 January – brig Leander wrecked in Coverack Cove.^[80]
3 May – the barque Parmelia sank in St Catherines Dock, Cremyll after catching fire.^[81] For nine years she transported convicts to Australia.
18 July – the crew and boy of the Perseverance died when she was wrecked on Loe Bar. She was carrying coal from Wales to Truro.
end of September – brig Albion of Exeter wrecked in Whitesand Bay.
unknown date – Pictou wrecked on the Manacles.^[82]
unknown date – the fishing fleet of Mullion Cove was wrecked in a sudden gale while anchored off the beach.^[83]

1840

27 February – 160-ton brig Robert of Beaumaris carrying slates from Liverpool to London. All the crew were saved.
17 September – body found from an unknown shipwreck.

1841–1850

1841

5 March Brilliant (wrecked at Watergate Bay. The schooner from Penzance, Jenkins master, was returning homeward bound from Boscastle with slates. Despite a rescue bid from the Newquay schooner Sisters, all crew were lost.^[84]
19 March – a foreign galliot struck the Runnelstone and was driven ashore at St Levan with none of the crew seen. Two local men were arrested on a charge of plundering the wreck although the cargo of dyewood, sumach, cans of naptha and wool was ruined, and the ship had broken up. The Runnelstone buoy had been lost in a gale a few days previously leaving the reef unmarked.
22 March – The schooner Mary Stuart of Cardiff was dismasted and in distress off Praa Sands in Mounts Bay. Blowing a gale of wind from the southward, and it being momentarily expected that she would be driven to destruction, Lieutenant H.S Smith RN with four men belonging to the coastguard, and one man from Prussia Cove, went out in a boat to rescue the fellow creatures from peril, but melancholy to relate, the boat was overwhelmed by a heavy sea, and Lieutenant Smith and the whole of his crew, after swimming for a considerable time in sight of their wives and children, were dashed against the rocks, and all perished.^[85]
30 October – schooner Eliza Williams carrying oats from Waterford to London hit the Runnelstone and finally sank three miles to the east of the reef in 35 fathoms of water. Her crew were rescued by Guerilla a pilot cutter based at Penzance.

1842

ship lost on Black Rock, Crackington Haven, with the loss of all eight crew.^[86]

1843

10 January – a St Ives schooner sank under the cliffs of Morwenstow with the loss of her crew.
15 January – St Ives schooner Phoenix wrecked at Stanbury, Morwenstow en route from Gloucester to Plymouth with the loss of all lives.
15 or 16 January – East Indiaman Jessie Logan en route from Calcutta to Liverpool with cotton and wool onboard wrecked at Willapark, Boscastle. She was struck by heavy seas on the 13th which removed her poop and stove in her stern. The crew abandoned ship on the 15th and were picked up by the Lynx, arriving in Cork on the 18th. Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 905413.^[87] ^[88]
15 or 16 January – a galliot from Schiedam, the Elizabeth Aletta carrying rock salt, driven onto the sands at Crackington Haven. Some of her crew of twelve climbed the rigging and were lost when it collapsed into the sea. Several bodies are interred in St Gennys churchyard. A Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 1192970.
26 June – Helene wrecked off Dean Point, St Keverne^[89]
July – the Trinity House vessel Vestal was surveying the coast at Trevose Head for a lighthouse when the ship's boat with two of the Elder Brethren aboard capsized in a heavy sea. The eight crew were saved but the two Brethren drowned.
7 September – brig with grain was lost at Sharpnose Point, Morwenstow. She was on a year-long voyage from Rio and Odessa, and was two days away from her destination of Gloucester when she wrecked on Sharpnose Point, Morwenstow with the loss of all the crew bar one.^[90] ^[11] One of the memorials in Morwenstow churchyard was the white figurehead of the Caledonia. The captain and crew are buried in the churchyard. In 2004 the figurehead was removed for conservation and placed in the Church of St Morwenna and St John the Baptist in 2008. A replica is in the churchyard.^[91]
17 October – several wrecks occurred along the north Cornish coast during a severe gale, including three vessels ashore at Widemouth Bay. The Royal Cornwall Gazette commented ".... shows the necessity of a Lighthouse on Trevose Head to point out to mariners their situation and prevent their getting into the Bays, from which they can seldom work out again ....".
17 October – all six crew drowned when the Fishguard brig Hope went ashore between Port Quin and Pentire Point.
17 October – schooner Ceres of Waterford on voyage from Portsmouth to Wales sank on the Greenaway rocks, near Polzeath. Her crew were saved.
17 October – Letitia of Padstow was stranded in the River Camel but made it to her home port.
28 October – Alonzo of Stockton en route from South Wales for Hamburg with iron came ashore at Bude. The crew took to the ship's boat which capsized with the loss of all hands and came ashore at Stanbury Mouth.
28 October – brig Favorite of Sunderland, in the company of Alonzo, grounded near Bude breakwater while en route from Cardiff to Rotterdam with iron.
the Emma carrying coals from Newport to Plymouth hit the Stones Reef in St Ives Bay. With water in her hold she tried to make for St Ives and grounded at the entrance to the harbour.

1844

23 July – while carrying copper ore from Plymouth to Wales the schooner Reward hit the Shoaler Stone. The crew escaped in her boat.
10 October – during an exercise the unnamed Bude Lifeboat (Royal National Lifeboat Institution) capsized when the steering oar broke followed by four on the port side. Two crew drowned.
11 October – while in ballast and bound for Pentewan from Cherbourg the St Louis lost her mast near the Wolf Rock and eventually wrecked near Porthleven pier.

1845

January – a ship hit the Runnelstone and carried away the stump of the beacon which had been fixed in place on 27 June 1843. The beacon's six inch diameter wrought–iron mast had been broken two feet above its socket in a gale the previous October.
5 June – Ellen wrecked near Porthleven while bound for London from Wales with coal. Six drowned.
23 December – the brig Dorothy of Sunderland was caught in a NNE gale and was seen heading for the shore to the east of Godrevy Island. She sailed between the island and the headland where she hit rocks twice, disabling her rudder and eventually ran ashore just to the west of the Gwithian river. Her crew escaped at low water. She was carrying railway iron from Cardiff to Goole.

1846

end of June or July – a ship was observed to hit the beacon on the Runnelstone without causing it any damage. Some of the ship's timbers were driven in.
21 October – snow Eliza of Liverpool was stranded under Stowe Cliffs at ″Warren Gutter″. She was heading for Valparaiso carrying a general cargo worth £80,000 including wine, cloth and tea. One man was shot and wounded during the plundering of her cargo.
22 October – a British West or East Indiaman stranded at Marsland Mouth during what was described as ″One of the severest gales that has been known for a great many years on the north coast of Cornwall .... and continued from the 20th to the 23rd. Some of the crew was saved. Report of a vessel which sank near Bude may refer to the Indiaman or the Eliza (21 October).
20 November – Elizabeth ( Norway) of Bergen wrecked at Gunwalloe beach. The Master and three of the crew saved by breeches-buoy but two men and the boy were lost.^[23] Five crew drowned according to the Royal Cornwall Gazette.^[40]
The Good Samaritan wrecked on Bedruthan Steps.^[92]

1847

16 March – 324-ton Goole brig Defiance envoyage from London to Galway with a general cargo hit the Runnelstone and drifted towards the Brisons. Part of the vessel, along with flour and meal was salvaged at Priests Cove. The fourteen crew abandoned her in the jolly, shortly after she struck, and were picked up four miles NW of the Brisons by the Salcombe schooner Aid and landed at St Ives.
15 October – barque Ins (Russian-Finlander) embayed and wrecked near Poljew in Mount's Bay.
unknown date – sloop Dove of Falmouth driven ashore at Gunwalloe with the loss of the captain and crew, a short time after 15 October.

1848

9 April – a small schooner ran into the Stones reef at Godrevy with the loss of one man. The other three crew managed to row to the Hayle Bar and land nearby.

1849

Mary wrecked on the west side of Pendennis Point.^[93]
Venus wrecked on the Manacles.^[94]

1850

21 November – the crew drowned when the Queen of London envoyage from Cardiff to Italy with tin-plate and iron sank near Godrevy.
24 November – the Windrush from Malaga was wrecked near Porthleven. The 5 crew members were all drowned and the wreck quickly became matchwood. It was carrying a cargo which included a large quantity of lemons and raisins and was recalled as the "Fruit wreck".
unknown date – Rosanna wrecked off Dean Point.^[95]
Unknown date Lord Duncan (wrecked at the north end of Watergate Bay^[59]

1851–1860

1851

11 January – 250-ton brigantine of Whitby on the Brisons. The captain and his wife were rescued from the rocks of Little Brison after over 24 hours of failed attempts, but Mrs Sanderson died of exposure before she could get ashore. One other crewman survived after building a makeshift craft from wreckage, drifting into Whitsand Bay and being picked up by the local boat Grace.^[96]
23 September – St Ives schooner carrying coal from Wales to Penzance struck the Runnelstone and sank immediately; the crew escaped in their boat.

1852

February – galliot of Veendam carrying linseed hit the Runnelstone and after being abandoned was towed to St Mary's by the schooner Allegro. The Dindrina's crew landed at Falmouth,
28 April – smack Hope of Salcombe with culm (fine–grained coal waste) from Neath for Totnes hit the Stones reef at Godrevy and foundered. The crew escaped in the ship's boat.
12 August – schooner Primrose of Truro lost her bowsprit and masts in a heavy sea. She was heading for Neath, from her home port with copper ore and went aground at Higher Sharpnose Point.

1853

28 December – schooner Mount Charles of Fowey bound for Hayle sank immediately after hitting the Stones reef at Godrevy. The crew escaped.

1854

21 January – barque lost near Park Head.^[97]
11 November – 525-ton screw-driven steamship hit The Stones reef and sank. All hands were lost and pressure was put on Trinity House to build a lighthouse on the reef.^[23] ^[98]
20 December – Swift with a cargo of coal and iron was driven onto a sandbank during a gale while seeking shelter at St Ives. All the crew were saved. During the same storm the Concord carrying a cargo of iron was also driven onto the same sandbank. Five of the six crew were saved but the Master was drowned.^[23] ^[77]
Unknown date New Jane (wrecked at Newquay^[59]
Unknown date Chester (wrecked at Newquay^[59]

1855

26 February – brig Marian ( France) was found on the shore five miles north of Bude. Also known as Marina, Maria and Marina, she was carrying alabaster. Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 905581.
March – brig Ampulla foundered in a NW gale and was last seen 2–3 miles off Dizzard Head with the loss of the eight crew. Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 1108413.
3 May – barque John hit one of the eastern rocks of the Manacles in fine weather. The Captain (Edwin Rawle) forbade the lowering of boats and 196 lives were lost. He was later found guilty of gross negligence, but acquitted on the charge of manslaughter.^[1]

1856

11 March – the Desdemona of New Orleans was said to have had a lucky escape after striking the Stones reef in St Ives Bay.
22 March – brigantine Ernest carrying coal from Llanelli to France hit the Stones reef, she managed to reach St Ives.
6 May – the first (unnamed) Sennen Cove lifeboat, in her only rescue attempt, towed the Charles Adolphe ( France) of La Rochelle to Penzance after she collided with an unnamed vessel in a south–east gale off Land's End.
7 May – schooner Endeavour was wrecked between Gribben Head and Polkerris, Cornwall with the loss of all three crew. She was on a voyage from Dartmouth, Devon to Charlestown, Cornwall.^[99]
22 July – emigrant iron steamer Zebra was a total wreck on the Lizard. The passengers were probably picked up by Falmouth tugs.
5 September – 77 drowned when Cherubim and Ocean Home collided off Lizard Point.
29 September – much wreckage seen in St Ives Bay thought to be from a French vessel.

1857

14 to 17 June – wreckage including part of a ship's mast and bowsprit washed up at St Ives from a ship thought to have been lost on the Stones reef.^[44]
20 June – the schooner Dawn with a cargo of coal sunk about three miles off Porthleven.^[12]
23 June – wrecked under Morvah Cliff.^[100]
19 or 20 October – the schooner-brigantine Mary Welch while on voyage from Cardiff to Hayle with a cargo of coal was wrecked on the Stones at Godrevy with the loss of all the crew. A temporary floating light was placed on the Stones and Godrevy Lighthouse was built on the island for £7000 following an outcry over the loss of lives.^[23] ^[77] ^[101]

1858

7 February – an unknown vessel wrecked on the outer rocks at Godrevy.
24 or 25 May – sloop Temperance while carrying coal wrecked at Marsland Mouth in a NNW gale, with the loss of her three crew.
17 September – Glencoe of Whitby embayed and wrecked at Polurrian in Mount's Bay.
17 September – Mary of Bridgwater went ashore at Polurrian. The crew survived except one boy.
22 September – schooner Chester embayed and foundered in Mount's Bay. The crew landed at Mullion Cove in the ship's boat.
7 October – schooner Hopewell in Mount's Bay.
19 October – Gezina Beerta sprung a leak off Land's End but made it to Porthleven where she was beached. Some of her cargo of railway track was salvaged. She refloated but wrecked near the pier.

1859

21 January – government transport ship, the 740-ton steamer Czar of Hull wrecked on the Vrogue Rocks, off Bass Point. She was taking ammunition and uniforms to Malta. The coastguard from Cadgwith and Church Cove saved some of the crew but the captain and his family drowned. Following the tragedy Mrs Agar of Lanhydrock donated money to buy the first Lizard Lifeboat (Anna Maria) which was stationed later in the year.
25 (or 26) June – a schooner was driven ashore, above the spring high tide mark, in Par harbour during ″very considerable oscillations of the sea″. A second schooner's hawsers parted and she was driven out of the harbour by the current and went ashore nearby.^[102]
30 July – the schooner Johanna sprung a leak off Penzance while carrying coal from Swansea to Algiers, forcing the crew to take to the ship's boat.^[103]
25 October – two unknown ships lost on the Stones reef during a storm known as the Royal Charter Storm.
7 November – sailing ship Chincas was driven onto Loe Bar when her anchor cable parted in high winds. She was bound for Rio de Janeiro from Liverpool with 3000 tons of coal and was the largest sailing ship to be wrecked on the bar. Four of the crew of 35 lost their lives.
Irish schooner Beverley wrecked on the shore one mile south–west of Upton Cliff, near Bude. Her crew and one female passenger were rescued by the rocket apparatus and her captain jumped overboard and reached the shore. Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 905607.
brig Oscar (Sweden) was driven ashore at St Mawes in a severe storm. She was unharmed and refloated.

1860

13 February – the Sunderland brig Belford, from Rouen to Cardiff in ballast, was wrecked on the Cowloe off Sennen Cove, becoming a total wreck.^[103]
5 April –the Liverpool barque Alceste was carrying coal from Cardiff to Southampton struck a sunken rock, south of the Longships and became a total loss. The crew escaped in the ship's boat.^[103]
5 April – 113-ton Penzance schooner John Purdie in ballast from St Michael's Mount to Llanelly struck a sunken rock near the Runnelstone and sank. The crew escaped in the ship's boat.^[44]
18 April – 263-ton brig Helena of Bergen with ice for Cardiff hit the Runnelstone. Despite taking on water she was towed to Penzance by a passing steamer.^[44]
8 September – the Sunderland Orphan Friend sprung a leak and foundered off the Land's End while carrying coal from Cardiff to London. The crew escaped in the ship's boat.^[103]
4 November – the Truro brigantine Happy Couple was a total loss off Mullion while carrying coal from Neath to Devoran. The crew escaped in the ship's boat.^[103]
schooner Cezimpra ran aground on the sands at the back of the Bude breakwater. Her crew escaped via a line thrown to the shore.

1864

Heroine (wrecked at Newquay^[59]

1861–1870

See main article: List of shipwrecks of Cornwall (1861–1870).

1871–1880

1871

10 March – in thick fog the 17,000-ton Carlic hit the Desire (PZ 335) which was fishing off the Lizard. All but one of her seven crew killed.
26 May – Irish schooner bound from Merseyside to Antwerp with a cargo of cotton bales and salt ran aground on the east side of Gurnard's Head.^[104]
yacht Gitana slipped her moorings at Crackington Haven and was wrecked on nearby rocks.

1872

1 February – 698-ton barque Manitobah (Canada) of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia wrecked on the Wolf Rock with the loss of thirteen lives. She was in ballast from Le Havre to Briton Ferry when she mistook the Wolf Rock for St Agnes.
14 September – two barques the Marianna and the Nuova Raffalino both of Genoa sailed from the Far East with cargoes of rice. The met off the Scillies, lost each other in fog, and met again when the fog cleared, wrecked on the same rocks at Lizard Point. Both crews made it safely ashore in their boats.
22 November – 180-ton schooner Albion of Littlehampton, in ballast from Penzance and unable to make Par in a gale, wrecked on the shore one mile to the east of Looe. Two of the crew made it ashore.
23 November – twelve drowned when the 299-ton Loch Leven Flower of Sunderland carrying wheat from the Black Sea to Falmouth wrecked on rocks near Halzephron.
23 November – 450-ton barque Luigina Reanchette of Genoa envoyage from Monte Video to Antwerp with tallow and hides was driven ashore near Lamorna Cove in a SW gale. Eight bodies were washed ashore. The third Genoan ship to be lost off Cornwall this year.
2 December – there was no loss of life when the Padstow schooner Peace with barley from her home port to Cork hit the Runnelstone.

1873

26 January – brig Otto ( Norway) of Moss 58 days out from Bahia to Falmouth wrecked. The Penzance lifeboat Richard Lewis (Royal National Lifeboat Institution) rescued eight men, a dog and a pig at the third attempt, Wrecked again in 1888.
2 February – easterly, hurricane strength winds wrecked the schooners Rose and Treaty while the lifeboat was oncall off the Eastern Green, Penzance to aid the schooner Marie Emile which was heading for her home port of Lorient with a cargo of coal from Cardiff. All four saved on board.
2 March – the Boyne, a 690-ton iron–hulled barque, carrying sugar from Semarang to Falmouth wrecked under Angrouse Cliff near Mullion Cove.^[23] ^[105]
1 October – 99-ton schooner Elizabeth Ann of Penzance bound for Cardiff in ballast wrecked at Lamorna Cove, with no loss of life.^[44]
26 November – schooner Coquette wrecked near Porthleven.
schooner Ellen Martin beached on Summerlease Point Cliffs whilst attempting to enter Bude Harbour. Her crew was taken off by breeches buoy and the ship's figurehead was in the captain's garden for many years.

1874

4 May – Night Templor wrecked on the Stags at the Lizard while carrying wheat from San Francisco.^[106]
August – barque Atlantic foundered twenty miles NW off Trevose Head with the loss of her crew of twenty. Scheduled Monument no. 905812.
22 September – schooner La Soudre bound for Cardiff ran ashore on Loe Bar following the loss of her sails in a gale. Both her crew and the cargo of pit wood was saved.
20 October – the 44-ton sloop William and Anne, while in ballast and bound for Plymouth, was hit by a sudden gust of wind and failed to clear the pier at Porthleven. The uninsured wreck was valued at £250.
12 November – the 345-ton iron screw, three masted schooner Vulture took a route inside the Runnelstone while carrying coal from Cardiff to Rouen. With the aim of keeping to quiet water to quicken her journey she scraped against the Leows (or Lee Oar) stone, near the Runnelstone and with six feet of water inside her made it to Penzance harbour. (See 1893 as well)
November/December – the Bude schooner Nancy was wrecked with the loss of all three crew during a storm at Welcombe Mouth, Morwenstow.
8 December – while carrying wheat from Taganrog to Dublin the Diane was lost at Gunwalloe Church Cove.
28 August – smack Josephine sank during a gale 1.5 miles off Trevose Head. The Board of Trade considered her to be overloaded with 86 tons of coal from Cardiff. All four crew lost their lives.
Unknown date smack Friends (wrecked at the North end of Watergate Bay^[59]

1875

26 January – steamer Caen of Cardiff ran ashore in fog at Green Lane, The Lizard.
3 May – steamship while bound from Llanelli for Les Sables d'Olonne with coal sank after a collision with SS Ithaca ( Greece) which did not stop. The captain was later arrested in Wapping Dock, Bristol.^[107] ^[108]
3 May – the schooner Talbot and an unidentified ship collided off Trevose Head; the Talbot's crew were taken off the wreck by the Flying Cloud and landed at Padstow. It has been suggested that the unidentified ship was the SS Ithaca (see above).^[109]

1876

17 May – a crabber the Johanna overturned in an easterly gale with the loss of all three crew consisting of a father and two of his sons.
Thusnelda wrecked off Trefusis Point in Carrick Roads.^[110]
26 December – 363-ton barque Andre carrying coal from Newport to Taranto ran ashore near Lamorna Cove in a southerly gale.
Emma Jane (wrecked at Newquay^[59]

1877

3 March – sailing barge Elizabeth Scown with a cargo of granite hit the reef near the Bude breakwater. The Bude Lifeboat (Royal National Lifeboat Institution) was struck by a large wave breaking her rudder and several oars, and capsized when hit by a second wave. The coxswain James Maynard was the only crew member not to wear a regulation cork lifejacket and the only casualty.
24 April – galliot Margeritha Hellinga with a cargo of beans ran ashore on Loe Bar.
24 November – Porthleven fishing boat Swan wrecked on Loe Bar.

1878

January

4 January – the Bilbao steamship Ana (Spain) hit the Three Stones Oar, under Morvah Cliff, Cornwall while bound for Santander from Liverpool with a general cargo. The crew took to the ship's boat and drifted for seven hours before being picked up between the Longships and The Brisons by the William Banks and landed at Falmouth. Large quantities of drapery, groceries, brass pipe and ironmongery were salvaged.^[24]
25 January (first report) – a Cardiff steamship foundered and became a total loss off Padstow.^[24]
25 January (first report) – Pioneer : Wreckage of the steamship was found off Padstow. She was carrying coal and unspecified cargo from Briton Ferry to Hayle.^[24]

February

1 February – 30-ton Boulogne sloop Providence struck a rock and sank near the Runnelstone while carrying coal from Cardiff to Nantes. Her crew took to the ship's boat.

March

7 March – fishing boat Helena of Penzance wrecked on rocks at the entrance to Porthleven harbour.
18 March – the schooner Auspicious carrying coal and unspecified cargo from Saundersfoot to Lowestoft sprang a leek in fine weather and foundered 15miles north of Godrevy Island. The crew landed in St Ives on the same day and the Board of Trade enquiry found she may have been abandoned prematurely.^[24]
20 March – steamship Strombole steamed into the Maenheere Rock at the Lizard and afterwards ran into the cove where she became a total wreck.
24 March – the barque Marco Primogenito carrying coal and unspecified cargo from Greenock to Alexandria went ashore in Hell Bay, on the Camel estuary. The Stepper Point signal station was inoperative due to the bad weather and, without instructions the barque was on the wrong, St Minver, side of the estuary. The hull went to matchwood within twenty minutes and an inspection of the hull found it was poorly constructed and held together with only spike nails.^[24]

May

15 May – Dolphin the ship from Hull sprung a leak at latitude 49, longitude 70.10. A bottle containing the ships position was found in Padstow harbour, Cornwall, along with the following message: Water gaining. Crew taking to boats.^[111]

August

15 August – tourist steamer Albert from Falmouth ran aground at Bishop's Quay on the Helford River. She re-floated on two days later.^[112]

October

5 October – schooner Earl of Devon was scuttled after breaking free of her moorings and drifting through the harbour at Penzance.^[113]
6 October – the lugger Alexandre ( France) struck the east side of Penberth Cove, and broke up. The ships boat was washed ashore at Perranuthnoe.^[114]

November

6 November – schooner Fear Not became a total wreck on Hayle Bar during a storm while being towed by the steam-tug North Star.^[24] ^[115] ^[116]
12 November – fishing boat Jabez of St Ives drifted onto rocks at Clodgy Point in a gale. Three members of one family, the Bassets, drowned and two other fishermen survived.
14 November – Liverpool steam collier Bessie hit the western side of the Hayle Estuary and fortunately floated off and was carried by the wind and tide to the eastern side of the river.^[117] Bessie later became high and dry on Hayle Bar and her cargo and rigging were removed in an attempt to refloat her.^[118]
29 November – brig (or barque) San Juan was hit by an unnamed steamer near The Lizard. Fifteen of the crew perished with only one saved when he was picked up by the steamer and transferred to a Falmouth fishing boat.^[119]

December

15 December – Swansea schooner Leader was carrying zinc ore from London to her home port when she was hit by the North Shields steamer Ben Ledi on her starboard bow, about 20miles north of St Ives. Four of the five crew of Leader survived and were landed at Falmouth when Ben Ledi put in for repairs.^[120] The Board of Trade enquiry found the chief officer of Ben Ledi at fault with careless navigation and cancelled his certificate.^[24]
24 December – Portreath owned brigantine Penair broke her tow, and was driven onto the east bank of the River Hayle during a gale.^[121] She was towed off on 30 December and was found to have little damage to her hull.^[122]
December – steam-ship Cornwall ran into rocks at Land's End. The keel was replaced at Falmouth by Messrs Harvey and Co.^[123]

Unknown date

Antonia Cane (Gibraltar), three pieces of board collected by the Custom House Officer, Mr Huxtable, at Newquay, Cornwall, on 28 October contained the words Antonia Cane and Gibraltar.^[124]
Cambria, the quarter-board of Cambria was washed up on the beach at Sennen Cove.^[125]

1879

February

1 February – lugger Angé () went ashore in a strong SSE at Porthcurno. The crew of four were saved by employees of the Eastern Telegraph Company.^[126]

April

14 April – fishing boat Robert and Agnes went ashore on the western side of the Hayle Estuary while attempting to enter the harbour.^[127]
15 April – tug North Star driven ashore on the western side of the Hayle estuary when her screw was fouled by a rope while attempting to refloat the stranded Robert and Agnes.^[127]
22 April – trawler Maria of Plymouth ran on to the Gear Rock, off Penzance and began to break up.^[128]

May

17 May – brig Ponthieu drifted in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, after losing a mast and her sails. She eventually grounded at Perranuthnoe and all the crew were saved by the coastguard and lifeboat Richard Lewis (Royal National Lifeboat Institution). She was carrying iron-ore from Pomaron to Liverpool.^[129]

June

15 June – brig Scot's Craig ran aground, in thick fog, under the Lizard Lighthouse, despite the foghorn sounding. Scot's Craig refloated on a rising tide and proceeded to Greenock.^[130]

July

1 July – Plymouth schooner Foam ran aground on Luburcur Beach, near St Anthony's Lighthouse, with the loss of two crew. Foam was carrying sugar from her home port to Marseilles.^[131]
20 July – Falmouth schooner Naiad was wrecked on the Manacles during a south-west gale and poor visibility. The schooner was carrying coal to Falmouth and Truro from Port Talbot and was the second wreck on the reef in three weeks.^[132]
31 July – The Aberdeen Line passenger ship Pericles grounded on Penere Point, on the shore-side of The Manacles, and refloated on a rising tide two hours later. The ship continued on her journey to Sydney with 496 emigrants, and on the following day headed for Plymouth for repairs to a leak in the fore peak.^[133]

August

1 August – Chepstow ketch Hannah Louisa was beached at Perranporth after the captain mistook Perran for Padstow. The crew was taken off by the rocket apparatus, the cargo retrieved and the ship was refloated on 4 August.^[134]
4 August – Hannah Louisa foundered off Trevose Head while being towed to Padstow by the steam-tug Amazon. Two of the eight on board lost their lives.^[134]
11 August – SS Nandid was in ballast when she ran ashore at Mear's Point, Coverack in thick fog. She was en route for Cardiff from London.^[135]

September

6 September – a 949-ton steam ship with sails, the Brest of Glasgow, went ashore at Polbarrow near Lizard Point, Cornwall at full speed in thick fog. All the crew and passengers were saved by the RNLI lifeboat, Joseph Armstrong and local fishing boats.^[136] ^[137]

December

15 December – an unnamed Lizard pilchard boat sank off Green Lane. All on board saved.
unknown date – Elizabeth Hendricka driven ashore at Poljew Cove, between Gunwalloe and Mullyon while en route for Bilbao with empty casks. All four crew survived.^[138]
unknown date – Trieste barque Leopoldine Bauer went ashore at Coombe Valley, Morwenstow while en route from Dublin to Cardiff in ballast. Her crew took to the boats and were picked up by a passing steamship and landed at Cardiff.
Unknown date Forest Deer (wrecked at Newquay^[59]

1880

January

11 January – ketch Hesperus went ashore at Battery Point under St Ives Head (St Ives Island), while en route from Liverpool for Calstock with a cargo of 140 tons of coal. All four crew were saved and the captain bought the wreck for £5.^[139]

February

9 February – the Aberystwith schooner Jane and Ellen went ashore on the beach at Charlestown. All the crew survived.^[140]
9 February – schooner Sisters of St Ives went ashore approximately 150 yards east of Pentewan breakwater while carrying coal from Cardiff to Charlestown, Cornwall. One of the four crew survived.^[141]
9 February – brig Sophie went ashore near St Mawes on Polwarth Beach.^[142]
9 February – the Dieppe steamer Valentine () foundered off the Lizard with only one crew member surviving out of eighteen.^[143]
14 February – brigantine Gypsy (Newfoundland) went aground in hurricane-force winds at Downes Cove, halfway between Kennack Sands and Coverack. All nine crew managed to climb ashore just before the ship went to pieces.^[144]

March

26 March – steamer Dowlais foundered on the Runnelstone with the loss of two of the crew.^[44]

April

21 April – The 72-ton galliot, Emmanuel from Emden was driven ashore on Cudden Point, Mount's Bay during a gale. The four crew jumped ashore and climbed the cliff to safety. The ship refloated and was washed eastwards to the mouth of Little Harry Sowan where it went to pieces.^[145]

May

4 May – the schooner Conovium of Aberystwyth hit rocks off Lizard Point while carrying 152 tons of cement from London to Dublin. The captain miscalculated the ship's position blaming the intensity of the Lizard lighthouse. The four crew rowed to Penzance in the ship's boat.^[146]

July

3 July – the lugger Manne Du Cel () with a cargo of coal from Newport to St Malo, sprung a leak in the North Channel and despite efforts to keep the vessel afloat, abandoned her when approximately 10 miles off the Lizard. The four crew were landed at Falmouth the following Monday.^[147]
10 July – the steamer Alert struck one of The Manacles, penetrating the hull. The ship was able to reach the nearest beach before floundering. Following temporary repairs she was towed to Falmouth that evening,^[148]

August

7 August – the smack Harriet of Bideford was wrecked on Pentire Point East, Newquay while carrying coal from Swansea to Hayle. There was controversy over the launching of the lifeboat and the crew were eventually saved by the Newquay lifeboat.^[149]
27 August – the St Ives fishing vessel, Nannie Noall was hit by the steamer Aurora about four or five miles south-west of the Wolf Rock. Two of the seven crew drowned.^[150]

September

13 September – the 40-ton schooner-yacht Media dragged her anchor and was driven ashore on Trefusis Point during a gale from the SSW. There was no loss of life.^[151]
15 September – the Fowey steamship Ellen Frances en route from Swansea to Mevagissey with coal was driven ashore on Carrack Gladden Beach, St Ives. The crew took to the ship's boat and landed safely.^[152]
15 September – the Plymouth ship Jane Smith en route from Llanelly to Ipswich with stone coal, grounded off St Ives. The six crew were rescued by the St Ives lifeboat.^[151]
16 September – the coal-carrying schooner Bonne Adèle () was sheltering from a gale in St Ives Bay when she was driven by the wind onto Hayle Bar, and driven ashore on Lelant beach. The Hayle Lifeboat took the crew off.^[153]

October

7 October – the lugger Jane was swamped by heavy seas half a mile south-east of her home port of Penzance, during a SSE hurricane force gale on return from the North Sea fisheries. All seven crew lost.
21 October – the Bideford ketch Bessie Wilkingson with coal from Newport ran aground on the Blackrock, outside of their destination, Mevagissey.^[154]
22 October – the Whitby brig Marys dragged her anchor and hit the Black Rock at the entrance to Falmouth harbour, drifted leeward and sank between the rock and shore. Three of the crew died.^[155]
24 October – the ketch Blanche sprang a leak west south-west of The Lizard and foundered. The master was landed at Fowey, Cornwall, by the Lizzie Trembath. Blanche was carrying 12 tons of stone ballast and about 25 tons of nuts. A large quantity of nuts washed up at Porthleven in early November.^[156]
unknown – the Hartlepool vessel Fortitude, while carrying coal and iron from Deal for Sidmouth was driven ashore and wrecked at Towan Beach, near St Anthony Head.^[157]

December

4 or 5 December – The Liverpool ship Corbey put into Falmouth, Cornwall following a ten-minute collision with the Star of Bengal, off The Lizard. The Star of Bengal is believed to have sunk with all hands. The 1800-ton ship was carrying salt from London to Calcutta.^[158]
30 December (first report) – The wreckage on an unknown ship was washed ashore in St Just parish.^[159]

1881–1890

See main article: List of shipwrecks of Cornwall (1881–1890).

1891–1900

1891

16 January – brigantine Bonne Julienne () foundered eight miles south-west of Mousehole while en route from Swansea to Brest. The crew survived and landed at Mousehole.
9 February – steamship Camel wrecked on Lee Ore Rock, near Land's End while bound for Plymouth from Garston, Liverpool.
9 March – schooner Agnes and Helen of Beaumaris went ashore at Bream Bay, near Falmouth. She was carrying cement from Faversham to Newport and was a total loss.
9 March – Agnes Louisa foundered and was a total loss at Newquay.
9 March – schooner Alice Brookall carrying coal from Swansea to Jersey ran aground at Mutton Cove, Godrevy. The crew of five managed to climb ashore and huddle together until daybreak when they climbed the cliff to safety.^[160] Also known as Alize Crookall.^[101]
9 March – the ketches Aquilon of Jersey and Edwin reported lost with all hands near Porthoustock.^[160]
9 March – ketch Catherine carrying nitrate of soda from Plymouth to Truro was a total loss at Porthoustock.
9 March – the smack The Dove bound for Gweek from Exeter with manure was driven ashore at Porthoustock. All three crew were saved by James Henry Cliff carrying a line through the surf.^[23] ^[161]
9 March – steamship Dundela carrying fruit from St Michael for Hull ran aground at Portloe.^[160]
9 March – schooner Perseverance of Preston ran aground one mile east of Hayle Bar while carrying coal from Swansea to Salcombe. The crew of four landed at daybreak.^[160]
9 or 10 March – at Falmouth a big sail boat and a coal hulk was driven ashore, the latter knocking down a wall and the Carbon which sank at her moorings. Approximately one dozen trawlers, sailing boats or punts were badly damaged or sunk.^[160]
9 or 10 March – iron schooner Naiad of Calstock was blown on her side at Danescombe Bottoms on the River Tamar.^[160]

10 March – the four-masted steel Bay of Panama was wrecked under Nare Head near Porthoustock Cove with some of the crew freezing to death in the rigging. Nineteen were saved by the rocket apparatus two days later but eighteen others died. She was carrying 17,000 bales of jute from Calcutta to Dundee.^[23] ^[160] ^[161]
10 March – steamer Carl Hirschberg in ballast from Hamburg to Cardiff went ashore at Portscatho.^[160]
10 March – brig Crusader of Aberystwyth taking slate from Caernarvon to Hamburg was abandoned off Trevose Head with seven feet of water in her hold. The crew drifted and were picked up 30 mile offshore, 19 hours later and taken to Falmouth by the fishing smack Gertrude. Six of the seven crew survived.^[160]
10 March – schooner Fairy Belle of Padstow was lost at Newquay.
30 September – the Longships lighthouse reported a schooner Annie Davis of Carmarthen to be in difficulties and despite a search by the Sennen Cove lifeboat Denzil and Maria Onslow (Royal National Lifeboat Institution) after flares were seen off the Brisons she was not found. The ship was found the following day abandoned in the Bristol Channel.^[2]
9 October – a brig Buron () was wrecked on the Lowlands, near Coverack. She was carrying timber from the Baltic to Milford Haven.^[23]
26 October – 60-ton ketch Viceroy of Cardiff sank off Godrevy. The three man crew escaped in the ship's boat which capsized at the entrance to St Ives harbour and they drowned.^[44]
3 December – the Louise with a cargo of timber sank on the approach to Porthleven harbour.^[12]
8 December – the Brixham schooner Torbay Lass sank within a few hundred metres of Penzance harbour. On tow after unloading her cargo of coal on St Michael's Mount the tug Merlin suffered a drop in steam pressure and Torbay Lass drifted onto the Cressars off Penzance promenade. She was pulled clear by the steamship Lady of the Isles but sank after a few hundred yards.^[162]
unknown date – cargo vessel Londos out of Cardiff caught fire about ten miles off Hartland Point. The fire spread quickly and the crew abandoned ship landing at Compass Point, Bude. The Londos, with a cargo of petroleum and benzoline, drifted all day and finally went ashore 1.5 miles north of Boscastle at Beeny beach. A large crowd watched as casks, filled with petroleum, hit the water and burst into flames; the sea appeared to be on fire.

1892

21 February – Fratelli may have hit the Runnelstone and sank in deep water. Five of her crew were sighted from Lamorna in a punt which capsized off Carn Dhu throwing her occupants into the water where they all drowned. One body was washed up at Chyandour, Penzance, while the punt, plus another, was later brought into Newlyn.^[44]
– the County of Salop beached at Wanson Mouth, south of Widemouth Bay. The 28 crew and two passengers were saved by the rocket apparatus.
– a barge Government Lighter No 7 broke her tow from the tug SS Traveller, near the Longships, drifted up the Bristol Channel and was wrecked on the cliffs at Morwenstow.

1893

27 April – Porthleven fishing boat The Emblem (PZ 575) wrecked on Trigg rocks.
20 December – the Iota sank off the coast at Lye Rock, Tintagel. The crew were able to get onto the rock and apart from a youth of 14 were saved: his grave is marked by a wooden cross (the name is given in the official Italian usage, surname first: Catanese Domenico, on a lifebuoy) in Tintagel churchyard. The four rescuers were awarded the Italian Silver Medal for Bravery.^[163] ^[164] ^[165]
18 November – steamer wrecked on Carbis Bay beach, St Ives, Cornwall, five crew rescued. She was carrying coal to Dartmouth from Newport.^[77] ^[88]
18 November – SS Rosedale wrecked on Porthminster Beach, St Ives, Cornwall. Sixteen crew saved. She was heading from Southampton to Penarth in ballast.^[77] ^[88]
18 November – steamer wrecked on Carbis Bay beach.^[44]
18 November – dragged her anchors and drifted ashore at Carbis Bay while bound for Dartmouth from Cardiff with coal.^[88] (See 1874 as well)
18 November – Hampshire of Glasgow sank ten miles north of Godrevy with the loss of fifteen men.^[166]

1894

29 January – brigantine , (English: William) carrying coal from Swansea wrecked on the Black Rock just to the north of Crackington Haven. Only one of the eight crew survived.^[86] ^[92]
11 October – was wrecked on Dinas Point at Trevose Head while in ballast en route from Newhaven to Cardiff.^[167]
24 November – the Forester hit the Manacles.^[23]
30 November – the Dryad hit the Manacles.^[23]
24 December – in dense fog HMS Lynx struck rocks off Sennen Cove. She managed to make her way to Devonport for repairs.
brigantine Tullochgorum embayed near Millook and wrecked on Upton Cliff to the south of Bude.
schooner Robert drifted ashore in a NNW gale at Stanbury Mouth, Morwenstow. The crew managed to reach shore in the ship's boat.

1895

1 January – barque Antoinette on voyage from Newport to Santos, Brazil with coal lost parts of her masts near Lundy, then broke her tow and drifted onto the Doom Bar the following day. All crew saved.^[168] ^[169]
25 January – Hayle lifeboat New Oriental Bank (Royal National Lifeboat Institution) was dragged overland more than eleven miles to Portreath to come to the aid of the SS Escurial. Eleven crew of the Escurial drowned.
29 January – the Andola struck the Carclew Rocks, the Porthoustock Lifeboat saved twenty-eight crew.
28 March Saintonge () – ran aground, approximately 200 yards from the shore in calm weather on rocks in Boskenna Bay, five miles west of Penzance. She was finally abandoned on 1 April with all the crew and some of the cargo saved.^[170]
13 May – passenger steamship Paknam () was wrecked at Morvah Cliffs.^[171]
17 October – of London and en route to Barry in ballast when she hit the Kettle's Bottom Reef between Land's End and the Longships. On a rising tide she drifted off and a steam tug towed her into Whitesand Bay.
4 November – the 1700-ton three–masted ship Granite State ( United States) of Portsmouth, New Hampshire hit the Runnelstone while bound from La Plata to Swansea with wheat. While at Falmouth, awaiting orders, her master declined the offer of a tow from the tug Elliot and Jeffery for £35. The tug, believing she would be needed, followed Granite State, which after hitting the Runnelstone was seriously damaged. She took her in tow to Porthcurno where she was beached in the hope of repairing her but she broke up a few days later.
26 November – barque Anne Elizabeth hit the Manacles. Five drowned and four saved by the rocket apparatus.
24 December – schooner Pilgrim went missing off Land's End

1896

March – brigantine Henry Harvey stranded on Battery Rocks, Penzance during a gale. Five people aboard were rescued by lifeboat.^[172]
March – sailing ship Bay of Panama was wrecked under Nare Head, near St Keverne, during a great blizzard.^[173] The ship carried jute from Calcutta; 18 of those on board died but 19 were saved.^[174]
26 September – Alexander Yeats ran aground at Gurnard's Head. Crew of 19 rescued.^[175] ^[176] Alternative date of 20 September.^[177]
8 November – Giles Lang of St Ives deliberately beached at Bude Haven in order to save the lives of the crew.

1897

20 March – the crew of the landed at Coverack after she ran ashore on rocks close to Beagle Point. She was bound from St Valery for Runcorn.
29 September – HMS Thrasher and HMS Lynx on Dodman Point in fog. Both successfully refloated; HMS Lynx managed to refloat herself and limped to Devonport while HMS Thrasher was escorted to Falmouth and eventually made it to Devonport for repairs.^[178]
Channel Island schooner Jersey Packet grounded near the lock at Bude.
Welsh schooner Margaret and Mary of Port Dinorwic was lost on Gurnard's Head.

1898

8 May – barque carrying nitrate of soda from Caleta Buena to Falmouth wrecked under Rill Head on the Lizard.^[179]
14 October – ran aground on The Manacles, off The Lizard with 106 lives lost and 44 saved.^[180]
9 November – schooner rigged steamship in ballast and en route to her home port of Cardiff from Plymouth hit the Longships in clear weather and became a total wreck. Lifeboat Ann Newbon (Royal National Lifeboat Institution) towed the crew to Sennen Cove.

1899

5 January – the steamer Voorwaarts at Morwenstow while bound from Cardiff for Genoa with coal.^[88] ^[181]
4 February – the Penzance schooner Mary Hannah on passage from Cardiff to Plymouth with a cargo of coal. Disabled after the main boom was damaged in a huge sea and gale off the Lizard, she headed for Newlyn but was unable to enter the harbour and ran ashore at Tolcarne. All four crew were rescued by breeches–buoy.
2 May – the liner City of Paris ( United States) was grounded at Lowland Point near Coverack, close to where the SS Mohegan ran aground. The Falmouth and Porthoustock lifeboats helped transfer her passengers to tugs; the ship was successfully salved after seven weeks work.^[182]
October – the Welsh collier Llandaff sailed into the breakwater at Bude during a gale. Her crew was saved by the Bude rocket apparatus (also wrecked on the Cornish coast in 1889). Scheduled Ancient Monument no 906161.^[183]
Coastal cargo ship SS Lynx) wrecked near Port Isaac^[184]

1900

March 1900 – Concord sank on the Triggs, just outside her home port of Porthleven.
11 April – the ketch Peace and Plenty of Lowestoft, struck the Greenaway Rocks, off Padstow. Five of her crew were rescued by the Trebetherick Rocket Brigade and three were drowned. The lifeboat Arab (Royal National Lifeboat Institution) was struck by a tremendous wave which buried the lifeboat, washed eight of her crew overboard and broke all ten of her oars. The lifeboat was wrecked on the rocks and all the crew got ashore safely. The steam lifeboat James Stevens No. 4 (Royal National Lifeboat Institution) then launched and, as she was leaving the harbour, she was caught by a heavy swell and capsized.
26 May – 1782-ton Wandsbeck of Hamburg carrying wheat became a total wreck off Polpeor Cove in calm weather. The crew took to the ship's boats and the wreck was bought by a Falmouth man for £55.
7 November – ketch Star of Scilly wrecked on Porthminster Point, St Ives with the crew rescued by the lifeboat.^[77] ^[88]
7 November – barque Concezione driven ashore in Widemouth Bay in a NW gale with the loss of one life. She was en route from Nantes to Swansea with pitwood.^[185]
7 November – Irish cargo ship City of Vienna sank after a collision with an unidentified steamship off the north Cornwall coast. Eighteen of the twenty crew were lost (only one survivor according to another source).
11 November − 424-ton barque Glimt of Stavanger wrecked off Polpeor with all the crew saved by the Lizard and Cadgwith lifeboats (Royal National Lifeboat Institution). The cabin boy refused to go back to sea, lived in Cadgwith for a few years and was known as Robert Glimt. The wreck lead to poor attendance "all week" at Landewednack School with the bigger boys "wrecking".
28 December – barque Capricorno wrecked on Bude breakwater while bound from Cardiff to Sao Paul de Loando.^[88] ^[186] She was towed out of Cardiff by the tug Fastnet and when the hawser parted, her Captain declined the offer of continuing the tow. Attempts were made to land the crew by the rocket apparatus, but due to some of the crew taking refuge in the cabin the lines could not be permanently secured. Twelve of the fourteen crew were lost. Another ship the Tordenskjold heading for the same port with a similar cargo was also lost in the Bristol Channel.
December – the crew of the Seine 27 saved by the Coastguard rescue team at Mawgan Porth^[14]

External links

Notes and References

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Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 30
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