| Agency Name: | Puerto Rico Department of Education |
| Native Name: | Departamento de Educación de Puerto Rico |
| Jurisdiction: | Commonwealth of Puerto Rico |
| Headquarters: | San Juan, PR |
| Employees: | 75,000 |
| Budget: | $3.5 billion USD |
| Chief1 Name: | Yanira Raíces Vega |
| Chief1 Position: | Secretary |
| Agency Type: | Executive department |
| Preceding1: | Department of Public Instruction of Puerto Rico |
| Keydocument1: | Foraker Act |
| Keydocument2: | Law No. 149 of 1999 |
| Keydocument3: | Article IV of the Constitution of Puerto Rico |
| Website: | www.de.pr.gov |
The Puerto Rico Department of Education (PRDOE;) is one of two jurisdiction-wide public education system in the United States, with Hawaii being the other. The PRDOE is the state education agency in charge of managing public schools in Puerto Rico as well as the island's education system and curricula.[1] The department, headquartered in Hato Rey, San Juan,[2] is the result of a United States state department of education. It is also the largest agency of the executive branch of Puerto Rico, with, as of 2019, an annual budget of more than $3.5 billion USD[3] and over 72,000 staff—including more than 41,000 teachers, and as of 2020 the department is the third-largest school district in the United States by enrollment, with over 276,413 students and 857 schools.
The department was formerly known as the Department of Public Instruction of Puerto Rico. Under local law, all public schools are required to be licensed by the Puerto Rico Education Council.
The department was established under section 6 of Article IV of the Constitution of Puerto Rico on 25 July 1952.
In 1950, there were 74 districts, each managed by a superintendent. Juan Bernardo Huyke who was the superintendent of the Bayamón district in 1950, and also served as the Secretary of Education of Puerto Rico; he wrote a number of books and was a strong proponent of bilingual education for the island public school students.[4]
In 2012 governor Luis Fortuño inaugurated the first school under the "21st century" program intended to modernize the island's schools.[5] Critics signalled that community input was not taken into account when modernizing schools.[6] In total 100 schools were remodeled under the program which used ARRA funds.[7] [8] In 2016 PROMESA gave the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico control over the island's finances including the department. The board has ordered cuts to education on various occasions including for special needs education, which faces a cut of $95 million in 2021.[9]
In 2017, Julia Keleher became the department's secretary. That year, due to the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis, the department announced that 187 schools would close. That number was revised to 179 shortly afterward.[10] Receiving no maintenance once shuttered, the school buildings caused blight in many communities that subsequently hoped to use the school buildings and premises for other purposes.[11] In Lares, it was decided that unused public schools, including one in Piletas Arce (on Puerto Rico Highway 129), would be transformed for use by the agricultural industry of Lares.[12]
The island's economic crisis along with the resulting population loss has caused a decline in the student population.[13] In 2020 the department had 16,105 students, representing a decline of 5.5% from the year before.[14]
The department also has seen a lack of personnel, including teachers and directors. Most years, the agency has needed hundreds more staff: 500 in 2013,[15] 300 in 2019,[16] and 457 in 2021.[17] In 2018 the American Federation of Teachers president Randy Weingarten indicated the beginning of the school year was "plagued by chaos and lack of planning".[18] The staff shortages have resulted in many schools delaying the first week of class.[19]
In September 2020, the Trump administration approved $13 billion, through FEMA, to Puerto Rico destined to rebuild the electrical infrastructure and education system.[20] The department continues to struggle fiscally in 2021. Interim secretary Eliezer Ramos Parés informed the agency had witnessed cuts of $749 million from both state and local sources and as a result lacked $58 million needed for wages.[21]
The 2019–20 Puerto Rico earthquakes resulted in various schools being damaged or shuttered. Delays in receiving funds for repairs hampered efforts to resume classes.[22]
See main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico. In 2021 the department announced summer classes to help 37,000 students which are at risk of not passing to the next grade, in part due to problems related to online learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[23] This represented at least 20% of the student population at risk of failing.[24] During the 2021 spring semester, governor Pedro Pierluisi attempted to reopen schools which had been shuttered due to the pandemic, but these plans were delayed. The school reopening process demonstrated some schools lacked teachers, psychologist and custodians.[25] Eligible students were required to be vaccinated nonetheless, days before the beginning of the semester the department did not have knowledge of how many had received their COVID-19 shots.[26] For the August 2021 semester, the department ordered air purifiers, but the purchase was halted by the Financial Oversight and Management Board due to a lack of a competitive process.[27] The contractor for the air purifiers had been involved in another controversial contract related to providing students with tutoring.[28]
In March 2021, as part of Governor Pedro Pierluisi's executive order on gender based violence, the department incorporated gender studies into the curriculum for 2022.