List of rulers of the pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran explained

Elam, c. 2700 – 519 BCE

The Elamites settlement was in southwestern Iran, where is modern Khuzestan, Ilam, Fars, Bushehr, Lorestan, Bakhtiari and Kohgiluyeh provinces. Their language was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, and they were the geographic ancestors of the Achaemenid/Persian empire. For a full list of Elamite major and minor kings see:

Western Kingdoms, c. 2550 – c. 700 BCE

Marhasi kingdom,[1] [2] –

Some scholars suggested that Marhasi were located in southeastern Iran.

  1. Migirenlil (BCE)
  2. Unnamed King (BCE)
  3. Abalgamash (– 2312 BCE), revolted against Rimush of Akkad
  4. Hubshumkibi (BCE contemporary with Naram-Sin king of Akkad)
  5. Unnamed King (BCE)
  6. Hashibatal (BCE contemporary with Shulgi king of Ur)
  7. Arvilukpi (BCE contemporary with Amar-Sin king of Ur)
  8. Pariashum (BCE contemporary with Amar-Sin king of Ur)
  9. Libanugshabash (2044– BCE)
  10. Mashhundahli (BCE contemporary with Ibbi-Sin king of Ur)

Namar kingdom,[1] c. 24th century–c. 750 BCE

  1. Tishari (BCE)
  2. Inbir (BCE)
  3. Sadarmat (BCE)
  4. Arisen (BCE)
  5. Unknown Queen (BCE)
  6. Karziyabku (BCE)
  7. Ritti-Marduk (BCE)
  8. Marduk-Mudammiq (until 844/2 BCE)
  9. Ianzu (844/2–835/4 BCE)

Zakhara kingdom,[1] [2] c. 2350–c. 2250 BCE

  1. The unnamed prince of Zakhara (BCE)
  2. Ungapi (BCE). Regent of Zakhara
  3. The unnamed king of Zakhara (after 2254 BCE)

Ganhar kingdom,[1] c. 21st century BCE

  1. Kisari (– BCE)
  2. Warad-Nannar (BCE)

Ellipi kingdom, – BCE

Northwestern Kingdoms, c. 2400 – 521 BCE

Lullubi kingdom,[1] [2] c. 2400–c. 650 BCE

  1. Immashkush (BCE)
  2. Anubanini (BCE) he ordered to make an inscription on the rock near Sar-e Pol-e Zahab
  3. Satuni (BCE contemporary with Naram-Sin king of Akkad and Khita king of Awan)
  4. Irib (BCE)
  5. Darianam (BCE)
  6. Ikki (precise dates unknown)
  7. Tar ... duni (precise dates unknown) son of Ikki. his inscription is found near the inscription of Anubanini
  8. Nur-Adad (– 880 BCE)
  9. Zabini (BCE)
  10. Hubaia (BCE) vassal of Assyrians
  11. Dada (BCE)
  12. Larkutla (BCE)

Gilzan kingdom,[1] c. 900–c. 820 BCE

  1. Unknown king (– BCE)
  2. Asau
  3. Upu (BCE)

Ida kingdom,[1] c. 860–c. 710 BCE

  1. Nikdiara (– BCE)
  2. Sharsina (– BCE)
  3. Parnua (BCE)

Allabria,[1] c. 850–c. 710 BCE

  1. Ianziburiash
  2. Artasari
  3. Bēl-apla-iddina (until 716 BCE)
  4. Itti (BCE)

Gizilbunda kingdom,[1] c. 850–c. 700 BCE

  1. Pirishati (until 820 BCE) (in Urash)
  2. Titamashka (BCE) (in Sasiashu)
  3. Kiara (BCE) (in Kar-Sibutu)
  4. Engur (BCE) (in Sibaru)
  5. Zizi (BCE) (in Appatar)
  6. Zala (BCE) (in Kit-Patia)

Araziash kingdom,[1] c. 850 – 716 BCE

  1. Barua (precise dates unknown)
  2. Munsuarta (BCE)
  3. Unknown king (– BCE)
  4. Ramatea (BCE)
  5. Satareshu (BCE)

Andia Kingdom,[1] [2] c. 850–c. 700 BCE

  1. Unnamed king of Andia (BCE) contemporary with Daian-Ashur military leader of Assyrian empire in western Iran
  2. Telusina (– 715 BCE) who revolted against king of Manna and was defeated by Sargon II king of Assyria

Zikartu kingdom,[1] c. 750 – 521 BCE

  1. The unnamed king of Zikartu
  2. Mettati (– 714 BCE)
  3. Bagparna (from 714 BCE)
  4. Tritantaechmes (until July 15, 521 BCE)

Median dynasty, 726–521 BCE

The Medes were an Iranian people. The Persians, a closely related and subject people, revolted against the Median empire during the 6th century BCE.

Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNote
Median dynasty,[3] 726–521 BCE
1DeiocesDahyuka? – 674 BCE726 BCE674 BCEson of PhraortesDeposed by Assyrians
2PhraortesFravartiš? – 652 BCE674 BCE652 BCEson of DeiocesKilled in battle with Assyrians and Scythians. Domination of Scythian kingdom 652–625 BCE
3CyaxaresHuvaxšaθra? – 585 BCE625 BCE585 BCEson of PhraortesAllied with Nabopolassar of Babylon and destroyed Assyria
4AstyagesArštivaigah? – 585 BCE585 BCE550 BCEson of CyaxaresDeposed and later killed
5Cyaxares IIHuvaxšaθra? – May 521 BCEDecember 522 BCEMay 8, 521 BCEdescendant of CyaxaresKilled by Darius I

Saparda kingdom, c. 720–c. 670 BCE

  1. Dusanni (r. c. 670 BCE)

Scythian kingdom of Iškuza, c. 700–c. 530 BCE

  1. Išpakaia (unknown -)
  2. Partatua (-), possible son of Išpakaia
  3. Madea (– 625 BCE), son of Partatua

Southern Kingdoms, c. 710–550 BCE

Achaemenid Kings of Parsumash, c. 710–c. 635 BCE

  1. Achaemenes, founder of the dynasty.
  2. Teispes (I) son of Achaemenes – BCE
  3. Cambyses (I) son of Teispes (I) – BCE
  4. Cyrus (I) son of Cambyses (I) – BCE

Achaemenid Kings of Anshan, c. 635 – 550 BCE

  1. Teispes of Anshan, or Teispes (II) son of Achaemenes or Cyrus (I), king of Persia, king of Anshan, – BCE[4]
  2. Cyrus I of Anshan or Cyrus (II), son of Teispes (II), king of Anshan – BCE[4]
  3. Cambyses I of Anshan or Cambyses (II), his son, king of Anshan – 559 BCE[4]
  4. Cyrus II the Great or Cyrus (III), his son, king of Anshan 559–529. He conquered the Median Empire in 550 and established the Persian Empire.
  1. Ariaramnes of Persia, son of Teispes (II), king of Persia. His reign is doubtful.
  2. Arsames of Persia, son of Ariaramnes, king of Persia until 550, died after 520. His reign is doubtful.
  3. His son Hystaspes was Satrap of Parthia under Cambyses II, Smerdis and his son Darius.

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Qashqai, 2011.
  2. Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997.
  3. Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History of Iran
  4. Miroschedji, 1985.

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