List of sultans of Delhi explained

Royal Title:Sultan
Realm:Delhi
Coatofarms:Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg
Coatofarmscaption:Flag
Style:
First Monarch:Qutb ud-Din Aibak
Last Monarch:Ibrahim Khan Lodi
Residence:
Appointer:Hereditary
Began:12 June 1206
Ended:21 April 1526

The Sultan of Delhi was the absolute monarch of the Delhi Sultanate that stretched over large parts of the subcontinent during the period of Medieval India, for 320 years (1206–1526).[1] [2] Following the conquest of South Asia by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414),[3] the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swaths of territory in modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.[4]

This list contains the rulers of Delhi Sultanate in chronological order.[5]

Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290)

See also: Mamluk dynasty (Delhi).

S/NName of rulerBirth DateDeath DateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
1Qutb-ud-din Aibak115014 November 121025 June 1206 14 November 1210
2Aram Shah1176June 1211December 1210June 1211
3Iltutmishunknown30 April 1236June 1211 30 April 1236Son-in-law of Aibak
4Ruknuddin Firuz (Firuz I)unknown19 November 1236April/May 1236November 1236Son of Iltutmish
5Razia Sultanac. 1205[6] 15 October 1240November 1236 20 April 1240Daughter of Iltutmish
6Muiz ud din Bahram9 July 121215 May 1242May 1240 15 May 1242Son of Iltutmish
7Ala-ud-Din Masud Shahunknown10 June 1246May 1242 10 June 1246Son of Ruknuddin Firuz
8Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (Mahmud I)1229 or 123018 February 126610 June 1246 18 February 1266Grandson of Iltutmish
9Ghiyas ud din Balban12161287February 1266 1287Turkish noble in the court of Iltutmish
10Muiz ud din Qaiqabad12691 February 12901287 1 February 1290Grandson of Balban
11Shamsuddin Kayumars1285/128713 June 12901 February 129013 June 1290Son of Qaiqabad

Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)

See also: Khalji dynasty.

S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
12Jalal-ud-din Khalji (Firuz II)122019 July 129613 June 1290 19 July 1296
Ruknuddin Ibrahimunknownafter 1296July 1296 November 1296Son of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. He ruled for a short time, not always indicating his names on the lists.
13Alauddin Khaljic. 12664 January 1316November 1296 4 January 1316Nephew of Jalal-ud-din Khalji
14Shihabuddin Omar1310 or 1311April 13165 January 1316 April 1316Son of Alauddin Khalji
15Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah12999 July 132014 April 1316 1 May 1320Son of Alauddin Khalji

Outside of the dynasties (1320)

Tughluq dynasty (1320–1414)

See also: Tughluq dynasty.

S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
17Ghiyasuddin Tughluqunknown1 February 13258 September 1320 1 February 1325
18Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad II)c. 129020 March 13511 February 1325 20 March 1351Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
19Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Firuz III)130920 September 138823 March 1351 20 September 1388Son-in-law of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
20Tughluq Khan (Tughluq II)unknown14 March 138920 September 1388 14 March 1389Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
21Abu Bakr Shahunknownafter 139015 March 1389 August 1390Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
22Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (Muhammad III)unknown20 January 139431 August 1390 20 January 1394Son of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
23Ala ud-din Sikandar Shahunknown8 March 139422 January 13948 March 1394Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III
24Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah TughluqunknownFebruary 1413March 1394 February 1413Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III
Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluqunknown1398 or 1399January 1395 1398 or 1399Brother of Tughluq Khan. Mahmud Shah's anti-king, claimant to the throne, sub-ruler.

Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)

See also: Sayyid dynasty.

S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
25Khizr Khanunknown20 May 142128 May 1414 20 May 1421
26Mubarak Shahunknown19 February 143421 May 1421 19 February 1434Son of Khizr Khan
27Muhammad Shah (Muhammad IV)unknownJanuary 1445February 1434 January 1445Grandson of Khizr Khan
28Alam ShahunknownJuly 1478January 1445 19 April 1451Son of Muhammad Shah

Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)

See also: Lodi dynasty.

S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
29Bahlul Lodi142012 July 148919 April 1451 12 July 1489
30Sikandar Lodi (Sikandar II)17 July 145821 November 151717 July 1489 21 November 1517Son of Bahlul Lodi
31Ibrahim Lodi148021 April 1526November 1517 21 April 1526Son of Sikandar Lodi

Family trees

Lodi dynasty (1451-1526)

Sources

References

Other literature

Notes and References

  1. https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/156530/Delhi-sultanate Delhi Sultanate
  2. A. Schimmel, Islam in the Indian Subcontinent, Leiden, 1980
  3. Book: Sen, Sailendra . A Textbook of Medieval Indian History . Primus Books . 2013 . 978-9-38060-734-4 . 68–102 .
  4. Chapman, Graham. "Religious vs. regional determinism: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as inheritors of empire." Shared space: Divided space. Essays on conflict and territorial organization (1990): 106-134.
  5. Web site: سلاطین دہلی - وجود . 2023-11-13 . www.wujood.com . ur.
  6. Book: Smithsonian "TIMELINES OF EVERYONE" . DK . 2020 . 9781465499967 . 1st . U.S. U.K. . 2020 . 63 . English.