Hanau is a town in Germany and Lichtenberg is a village in Alsace, now France. This list of lords and counts of Hanau or Hanau-Lichtenberg covers the lords and later counts that ruled the area from the 14th through the 18th centuries (see also Lichtenberg Castle).
| 1243–1281 | Reinhard I | |
| 1281–1305/06 | Ulrich I | |
| 1305/06–1346 | Ulrich II | |
| 1346–1369/70 | Ulrich III | |
| 1369/70–1380 | Ulrich IV | |
| 1380–1404 | Ulrich V | |
| 1404–1429 | Reinhard II |
| 1429–1451 | Reinhard II | ||
| 1451–1452 | Reinhard III | ||
| 1452–1458 | Philipp I | Also known as "Philip the Younger" |
In 1458, the county was divided in two parts, later named Hanau-Münzenberg and Hanau-Lichtenberg.
| 1458–1500 | Philipp I | Also known as "Philip the Younger" | |
| 1500–1512 | Reinhard IV | ||
| 1512–1529 | Philipp II | ||
| 1529–1561 | Philipp III | ||
| 1561–1580 | Philipp Louis I | ||
| 1580–1612 | Philipp Ludwig II | ||
| 1612–1638 | Philipp Moritz | ||
| 1638–1641 | Philipp Ludwig III | ||
| 1641–1642 | Johann Ernst | ||
| 1642–1680 | Frederick Casimir | Also count of Hanau-Lichtenberg | |
| 1680–1712 | Philipp Reinhard | ||
| 1712–1736 | Johann Reinhard III | Also count of Hanau-Lichtenberg |
| 1458–1480 | Philipp I | Also known as "Philip the Elder" | |
| 1480–1504 | Philipp II | ||
| 1504–1538 | Philipp III | ||
| 1539–1590 | Philipp IV | ||
| 1590–1599 | Philipp V | ||
| 1599–1625 | Johann Reinhard I | ||
| 1625–1641 | Philipp Wolfgang | ||
| 1641–1680 | Friedrich Casimir | Also count of Hanau-Münzenberg | |
| 1680–1736 | Johann Reinhard III | Also count of Hanau-Münzenberg |
In 1736, Hanau-Lichtenberg fell to Hesse-Darmstadt