List of royal and imperial elections in the Holy Roman Empire explained

The following is a list of imperial elections in the Holy Roman Empire. Entries in italics are for elections where the claim of the man elected to be King of the Romans was disputed.

ElectionLocationMan electedRelationshipDynastyNotesElectorate held
911ForchheimConrad IDifferent dynasty ConradinesFirst elected king
919FritzlarHenryDifferent dynasty Ottonian/LiudolfingArnulf might have been an anti-king
936AachenOttoSon of predecessorOttonian
961WormsOtto IISon of predecessorOttonianCo-king of his father until 961
983VeronaOtto IIISon of predecessorOttonian
1002MainzHenry II2nd cousin of predecessorOttonian
1024Kamba, near OppenheimConrad IIDifferent dynastySalian
1028AachenHenry IIISon of predecessorSalian
1051TreburHenry IVSon of predecessorSalian
1075GoslarConrad IISon of predecessorSalianKing of the Romans
1077ForchheimRudolf of RheinfeldenDifferent dynastyRheinfeldenAnti-king
1081OchsenfurtHermann of SalmDifferent dynastySalmAnti-king
1106MainzHenry VDifferent dynasty (son of Henry IV)Salian
1125MainzLothair IIIDifferent dynastySupplinburg
1127NurembergConrad IIIDifferent dynastyHohenstaufenAnti-king of the Romans
1138KoblenzConrad IIISame manHohenstaufenKing of the Romans
1147RegensburgHenry (VI)Son of predecessorHohenstaufenKing of the Romans
1152FrankfurtFrederick INephew of predecessorHohenstaufen
1169BambergHenry VISon of predecessorHohenstaufen
1196FrankfurtFrederick IISon of predecessorHohenstaufenFather was still alive
March 1198MühlhausenPhilipUncle of predecessorHohenstaufenKing of the Romans
June 1198CologneOtto IVDifferent dynastyWelf
1208FrankfurtOtto IVDifferent dynastyWelf
1211NurembergFrederick IIdifferent dynastyHohenstaufenAnti-king until 1215
1220FrankfurtHenry (VII)son of predecessorHohenstaufenKing of the Romans
1237ViennaConrad IVHalf-brother of predecessorHohenstaufenKing of the Romans
1246Henry RaspeDifferent dynastyLudovingiansAnti-king of the Romans
1247William II of HollandDifferent dynastyHolland (Gerulfings)Anti-king of the Romans
1252BrunswickWilliam II of HollandDifferent dynastyHolland (Gerulfings)Anti-king of the Romans until 1254,
sole king thereafter
January 1257FrankfurtRichardDifferent dynastyPlantagenetKing of the RomansNone
April 1257Alfonso XDifferent dynastyIvrea/BurgundyContenderNone
1273FrankfurtRudolf IDifferent dynastyHabsburgKing of the RomansNone
1292FrankfurtAdolfDifferent dynastyNassauKing of the RomansNone
1298Albert IDifferent dynastyHabsburgKing of the RomansNone
1308FrankfurtHenry VIIDifferent dynastyLuxembourgNone
19 October 1314SachsenhausenFrederick (III)Different dynastyHabsburgKing of the Romans
agreement in 1325
None
20 October 1314FrankfurtLouis IVDifferent dynastyWittelsbachagreement in 1325None
1346RhensCharles IVDifferent dynastyLuxembourgSon of the Elector of Bohemia
January 1349FrankfurtGüntherDifferent dynastySchwarzburgAnti-kingNone
June 1349FrankfurtCharles IVDifferent dynastyLuxembourgBohemia
1376FrankfurtWenceslaus IVSon of predecessorLuxembourgKing of the RomansBrandenburg (and son of the elector of Bohemia)
May 1400FrankfurtFrederick IDifferent dynastyWelfUnclear if he was ever electedNone
August 1400RhensRupertDifferent dynastyWittelsbachKing of the RomansPalatinate
September 1410SigismundDifferent dynastyLuxembourgNone
October 1410Jobst of MoraviaFirst cousin of predecessorLuxembourgKing of the RomansBrandenburg (and first cousin of the Elector of Bohemia)
1411SigismundFirst cousin of predecessorLuxembourgBrandenburg (and half-brother of the Elector of Bohemia)
1438FrankfurtAlbert IISon-in-law of predecessorHabsburgKing of the RomansBohemia (did not attend)
1440FrankfurtFrederick IIISecond cousin of predecessorHabsburgNone
1486FrankfurtMaximilian ISon of predecessorHabsburgNone
1519FrankfurtCharles VGrandson of predecessorHabsburgNone (brother-in-law of the Elector of Bohemia)
1531CologneFerdinand IBrother of predecessorHabsburgBohemia
1562FrankfurtMaximilian IISon of predecessorHabsburgSon of the Elector of Bohemia
1575RegensburgRudolf IISon of predecessorHabsburgSon of the Elector of Bohemia
1612FrankfurtMatthiasBrother of predecessorHabsburgBohemia
1619FrankfurtFerdinand IIFirst cousin of predecessorHabsburgNone (had been deposed as Elector of Bohemia)
1636RegensburgFerdinand IIISon of predecessorHabsburgBohemia
1653AugsburgFerdinand IVSon of predecessorHabsburgKing of the RomansBohemia (abstained)
1658FrankfurtLeopold IBrother of predecessorHabsburgBohemia (abstained)
1690AugsburgJoseph ISon of predecessorHabsburgSon of the Elector of Bohemia (who abstained)
1711FrankfurtCharles VIBrother of predecessorHabsburgBohemia
1742FrankfurtCharles VIIDifferent dynastyWittelsbachBavaria
1745FrankfurtFrancis IDifferent dynastyLorraineHusband of the Electress of Bohemia
1764FrankfurtJoseph IISon of predecessorHabsburg-LorraineSon of the Electress of Bohemia
1790FrankfurtLeopold IIBrother of predecessorHabsburg-LorraineBohemia
1792FrankfurtFrancis IISon of predecessorHabsburg-LorraineBohemia