List of rivers by discharge explained

This article lists rivers by their average discharge measured in descending order of their water flow rate. Here, only those rivers whose discharge is more than 2000m3/s are shown. It can be thought of as a list of the biggest rivers on Earth, measured by a specific metric.

For context, the volume of an Olympic-size swimming pool is 2,500 m³. The average flow rate at the mouth of the Amazon is sufficient to fill more than 83 such pools each second. The combined flow of all the rivers in this list adds up to 1,192,134 m³/s.

No	Continent	River	Average discharge (m^3/s)	Length		Drainage area (km^2)	Outflow	Type
				(km)	(miles)
1	South America	Amazon	224,000	6,992	4,344	6,915,000	Atlantic Ocean	Primary river^[1] ^[2] ^[3]
2	Asia	Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna	43,950	3,969	2,466	1,999,000		Primary river^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7]
3	Africa	Congo (Zaire)	41,400	4,370	2,716	3,822,000	Atlantic Ocean	Primary river^[8]
4	South America	Orinoco	37,740	2,250	1,398	989,000	Atlantic Ocean	Primary river
5	Asia	Yangtze	31,900	6,300	3,915	1,840,000	East China Sea	Primary river^[9]
6	South America	Negro	30,641	2,230	1,390	691,000	Amazon	Tributary river^[10]
7	South America	Madeira	30,173	3,380	2,100	1,376,000	Amazon	Tributary river
8	South America	Río de la Plata	27,225	290	180	3,182,064	Atlantic Ocean	Primary river^[11]
9	Asia	Brahmaputra	21,993	2,900	1,800	651,335	Ganges (Padma)	Tributary river^[12] ^[13] ^[14]
10	North America	Mississippi	21,300	3,766	2,340	3,248,000	Gulf of Mexico	Primary river^[15] ^[16] ^[17] ^[18]
11	Asia	Yenisei	20,200	4,090	2,556	2,580,000	Kara Sea	Primary river^[19]
12	South America	Paraná	19,706	4,880	3,050	2,582,672	Río de la Plata	Tributary river
13	Asia	Ganges	18,691	2,525	1,569	1,300,000	Bay of Bengal	Primary river^[20]
14	Asia	Lena	18,300	4,294	2,668	2,490,000	Laptev Sea	Primary river^[21] ^[22]
15	South America	Japurá (Caquetá)	18,122	2,816	1,750	267,730	Amazon	Tributary river^[23]
16	North America	Saint Lawrence	16,800	500	310	1,344,200	Gulf of Saint Lawrence	Primary river^[24]
17	South America	Marañón	16,708	1,737	1,079	358,000	Amazon	Tributary river^[25]
18	Asia	Mekong	15,856	4,023	2,500	811,000	South China Sea	Primary river^[26]
19	Asia	Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady)	15,112	2,210	1,370	413,710	Andaman Sea	Primary river
20	South America	Tapajós	13,540	1,996	1,240	492,481	Amazon	Tributary river^[27]
21	South America	Ucayali	13,385	2,670	1,659	351,549	Amazon	Tributary river^[28]
22	Asia	Ob	13,100	4,345	2,700	2,990,000	Gulf of Ob	Primary river^[29]
23	South America	Tocantins	11,796	2,699	1,677	764,183	Atlantic Ocean (Pará)	Primary river^[30] ^[31] ^[32]
24	Asia	Amur	11,526	4,444	2,762	1,855,000	Sea of Okhotsk	Primary river^[33] ^[34] ^[35]
25	Africa	Kasai (Kwa)	11,318	2,272	1,405	881,890	Congo	Tributary river	journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation">Becker . M. . Papa . F. . Frappart . F. . Alsdorf . D. . Calmant . S. . da Silva . J. Santos . Prigent . C. . Seyler . F. . Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin . International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation . April 2018 . 66 . 196–209 . 10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 . 2018IJAEO..66..196B . 6873734 .
26	South America	Purus	11,207	3,211	1,995	371,042	Amazon	Tributary river
27	North America	Mackenzie	9,800	4,241	2,636	1,805,200	Beaufort Sea	Primary river^[36]
28	South America	Xingu	9,680	2,240	1,392	531,250	Amazon	Tributary river
29	Asia	Pearl (Xi)	9,500	2,400	1,491	437,000	South China Sea	Primary river^[37]
30	South America	Madre de Dios	9,350	1,347	837	282,000	Madeira	Tributary river^[38]
31	South America	Putumayo (Içá)	8,520	1,813	1,121	148,000	Amazon	Tributary river
32	Europe	Volga	8,380	3,531	2,194	1,380,000	Caspian Sea	Primary river^[39]
33	South America	Mamoré	8,150	1,930	1,199	611,800	Madeira	Tributary river^[40]
34	South America	Magdalena	8,058	1,540	963	257,438	Caribbean Sea	Primary river^[41]
35	North America	Ohio	7,957	1,579	981	490,601	Mississippi	Tributary river^[42]
36	Africa	Niger	7,900	4,200	2,600	2,117,000	Gulf of Guinea	Primary river^[43]
37	South America	Guaviare	7,529	1,497	930	140,000	Orinoco	Tributary river
38	North America	Columbia	7,407	2,044	1,243	668,217	Pacific Ocean	Primary river^[44] ^[45]
39	Oceania	Fly	7,355	1,060	649	76,000	Gulf of Papua	Primary river^[46] ^[47]
40	South America	Uruguay	7,058	1,838	1,140	353,451	Río de la Plata	Tributary river
41	North America	Yukon	6,860	3,187	1,980	854,700	Bering Sea	Primary river^[48]
42	South America	Napo	6,660	1,075	665	100,518	Amazon	Tributary river^[49]
43	Asia	Salween	6,600	3,289	2,044	324,000	Andaman Sea	Primary river^[50]
44	Europe	Danube	6,510	2,860	1,777	801,463	Black Sea	Primary river^[51]
45	South America	Araguaia	6,420	2,627	1,632	377,000	Tocantins	Tributary river^[52]
46	Asia	Kapuas	6,012	1,143	710	98,749	South China Sea	Primary river^[53]
47	South America	Juruá	6,004	3,283	2,040	186,000	Amazon	Tributary river
48	Africa	Ubangi	5,936	2,272	1,405	651,915	Congo	Tributary river	journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation">Becker . M. . Papa . F. . Frappart . F. . Alsdorf . D. . Calmant . S. . da Silva . J. Santos . Prigent . C. . Seyler . F. . Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin . International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation . April 2018 . 66 . 196–209 . 10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 . 2018IJAEO..66..196B . 6873734 .
49	North America	Niagara	5,885	58	36	684,000	Lake Ontario	Tributary river^[54]
50	South America	Meta	5,694	1,200	742	103,000	Orinoco	Tributary river^[55]
51	Asia	Meghna	5,603	1,040	646	85,401	Lower Meghna	Tributary river^[56]
52	Asia	Indus	5,589	3,180	2,000	1,081,718	Arabian Sea	Primary river^[57] ^[58]
53	Asia	Aldan	5,501	2,273	1,412	729,000	Lena	Tributary river^[59]
54	Oceania	Mamberamo	5,500	1,175	727	78,992	Pacific Ocean	Primary river^[60]
55	South America	Branco	5,400	775	479	195,000	Rio Negro	Tributary river
56	North America	Detroit	5,300	44	28	595,052	Lake Erie	Primary river
57	South America	Javari	5,225	1,184	732	109,680	Amazon	Tributary river^[61] ^[62]
58	North America	St. Clair	5,200	65	40	583,000	Lake St. Clair	Tributary river^[63]
59	Oceania	Sepik	5,000	1,146	700	80,321	Bismarck Sea	Primary river^[64] ^[65]
60	South America	Caroní	4,981	952	595	95,000	Orinoco	Tributary river
61	South America	Essequibo	4,951	1,014	627	150,769	Atlantic Ocean	Primary river^[66]
62	South America	Juruena	4,937	1,240	770	192,628	Tapajós	Tributary river
63	Africa	Ogooué	4,935	1,200	747	223,856	Atlantic Ocean	Primary river^[67]
64	Asia	Angara	4,833	1,779	1,100	1,079,000	Yenisei	Tributary river^[68]
65	Europe	Pechora	4,800	1,809	1,124	322,000	Barents Sea	Primary river^[69]
66	Asia	Chindwin	4,740	1,207	750	114,000	Irrawaddy	Tributary river^[70]
67	Asia	Rajang	4,715	563	350	52,009	South China Sea	Primary river^[71] ^[72]
68	South America	Paraguay	4,696	2,621	1,629	1,120,154	Parana	Tributary river
69	Asia	Barito	4,514	1,090	550	81,675	Java Sea	Primary river^[73] ^[74]
70	Africa	Ruki	4,500	1,300	804	173,790	Congo	Tributary river^[75]
71	South America	Vaupés/Uaupes	4,345	1,050	650	64,370	Rio Negro	Tributary river^[76]
72	Asia	Red (Hong)	4,300	1,149	714	143,600	Gulf of Tonkin	Primary river^[77]
73	Asia	Mahakam	4,278	980	609	77,095	Makassar Strait	Primary river^[78] ^[79]
74	Africa	Zambezi	4,217	2,574	1,599	1,331,000	Indian Ocean	Primary river^[80] ^[81]
75	South America	Atrato	4,140	750	466	36,231	Caribbean Sea	Primary river^[82] ^[83]
76	Asia	Nizhnyaya Tunguska	4,139	2,989	1,848	473,000	Yenisei	Tributary river^[84]
77	Asia	Kolyma	4,100	2,129	1,317	644,000	East Siberian Sea	Primary river^[85]
78	Europe	Kama	4,100	1,805	1,122	507,000	Volga	Tributary river^[86]
79	South America	Apaporis	4,092	1,370	847	54,300	Japurá	Tributary river^[87]
80	South America	Aripuanã	4,087	870	540	145,000	Madeira	Tributary river
81	North America	Grijalva–Usumacinta	4,028	1,000	620	134,400	Gulf of Mexico	Primary river^[88]
82	Oceania	Strickland	4,000	824	512	36,740	Fly	Tributary river^[89]
83	South America	Teles Pires	3,978	1,638	1,013	141,718	Tapajós	Tributary river^[90]
84	North America	Fraser	3,944	1,375	854	231,593	Pacific Ocean	Primary river^[91]
85	Oceania	Digul	3,867	853	530	45,900	Arafura Sea	Primary river^[92]
86	South America	Huallaga	3,796	1,138	704	95,000	Marañón	Tributary river
87	Asia	Godavari	3,571	1,465	910	312,812	Bay of Bengal	Primary river^[93]
88	South America	Caura	3,545	723	449	52,000	Orinoco	Tributary river
89	Africa	Benue	3,477	1,370	847	319,000	Niger	Tributary river^[94]
90	Asia	Kaladan	3,476	450	278	40,000	Bay of Bengal	Primary river^[95]
91	South America	Jutai	3,462	1,200	742	74,000	Amazon	Tributary river
92	North America	Slave	3,451	434	270	616,400	Great Slave Lake	Tributary river^[96]
93	Asia	Lohit	3,438	460	285	50,000	Brahmaputra	Tributary river
94	Europe	Northern Dvina	3,416	744	462	357,052	White Sea	Primary river^[97]
95	South America	Inírida	3,385	1,300	804	53,795	Guaviare	Tributary river^[98]
96	Asia	Shatt al-Arab	3,350	204	127	938,173	Persian Gulf	Primary river^[99] ^[100]
97	North America	Nelson	3,343	2,575	1,600	982,900	Hudson Bay	Primary river^[101]
98	Oceania	Purari	3,300	630	390	33,670	Gulf of Papua	Primary river^[102]
99	Oceania	Kikori	3,274	405	250	23,309	Gulf of Papua	Primary river^[103]
100	Asia	Khatanga	3,200	1,636	1,012	364,000	Laptev Sea	Primary river^[104]
101	Oceania	Pulau	3,133	569	353	37,164	Arafura Sea	Primary river^[105]
102	Africa	Nile	3,075	6,853	4,258	3,349,000	Mediterranean Sea	Primary river^[106]
103	Asia	Musi	3,054	759	471	59,942	South China Sea	Primary river^[107]
104	South America	Tigre	3,047	940	581	45,073	Marañón	Tributary river^[108] ^[109]
105	Asia	Subansiri	3,003	442	275	35,763	Brahmaputra	Tributary river^[110]
106	Asia	Ghaghara	2,993	1,080	671	127,950	Ganges	Tributary river^[111]
107	Asia	Irtysh	2,980	4,248	2,627	1,673,470	Ob	Tributary river
108	Asia	Yamuna	2,949	1,376	855	366,223	Ganges	Tributary river
109	South America	São Francisco	2,943	2,830	1,758	641,000	Atlantic Ocean	Primary river
110	Asia	Srepok	2,940	450	279	79,015	Mekong	Tributary river^[112]
111	Africa	Kwango	2,932	1,100	680	270,904	Kasai	Tributary river^[113]
112	Asia	Panjnad	2,910	71	44	395,000	Indus	Tributary river^[114]
113	Europe	Rhine	2,900	1,233	820	198,735	North Sea	Primary river^[115]
114	Asia	Yarlung Tsangpo	2,899	1,125	699	241,691	Brahmaputra	Tributary River^[116] ^[117]
115	South America	Beni	2,875	1,100	680	131,500	Madre de Dios	Tributary river^[118]
116	Asia	Gan	2,865	599	372	103,107	Yangtze	Tributary river^[119]
117	South America	Trombetas	2,855	1,060	656	135,239	Amazon	Tributary river
118	Asia	Min	2,850	735	457	133,000	Yangtze	Tributary river^[120]
119	Asia	Xiang	2,848	948	589	102,148	Yangtze	Tributary river^[121]
120	North America	Koksoak	2,800	137	85	133,400	Ungava Bay	Primary river^[122]
121	Europe	Neva	2,770	74	46	287,094	Gulf of Finland	Primary river^[123] ^[124]
122	South America	Pastaza	2,769	740	458	41,000	Marañón	Tributary river
123	South America	Iriri	2,745	1,300	810	130,000	Xingu	Tributary river
124	South America	Cuyuni	2,719	618	384	85,635	Essequibo	Tributary river^[125]
125	Asia	Mali Hka	2,693	320	200	23,221	Irrawaddy	Tributary river^[126]
126	Africa	Cross	2,647	489	304	53,590	Gulf of Guinea	Primary river^[127]
127	Asia	Batang Hari	2,643	800	497	46,504	South China Sea	Primary river
128	Asia	Amu Darya	2,618	2,400	1,491	534,739	Aral Sea	Primary river^[128]
129	South America	Casiquiare	2,574	340	210	82,800	Rio Negro	Tributary river^[129]
130	Asia	Yellow	2,571	5,464	3,395	752,000	Yellow Sea	Primary river
131	Asia	Mahanadi	2,562	900	560	141,600	Bay of Bengal	Primary river^[130]
132	Asia	Pyasina	2,550	818	508	182,000	Kara Sea	Primary river
133	Africa	Sankuru	2,500	1,200	756	156,000	Kasai	Tributary river
134	Asia	Koshi	2,500	729	453	69,300	Ganges	Tributary river
135	Africa	Sangha	2,471	790	489	213,400	Congo	Tributary river	journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation">Becker . M. . Papa . F. . Frappart . F. . Alsdorf . D. . Calmant . S. . da Silva . J. Santos . Prigent . C. . Seyler . F. . Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin . International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation . April 2018 . 66 . 196–209 . 10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 . 2018IJAEO..66..196B . 6873734 .
136	Asia	Songhua	2,463	1,434	887	557,180	Amur	Tributary river
137	Asia	Ghorautra	2,463	90	56	24,060	Meghna	Tributary river
138	Asia	Kayan	2,454	576	358	33,005	Celebes Sea	Primary river
139	North America	Missouri	2,445	3,767	2,341	1,371,010	Mississippi	Tributary river
140	North America	Liard	2,434	1,115	693	277,100	Mackenzie	Tributary river
141	South America	Guainía	2,433	640	400	28,900	Rio Negro	Tributary river^[131]
142	South America	Guapore	2,430	1,260	783	341,000	Mamoré	Tributary river
143	South America	Ituí	2,422	558	347	43,403	Javari	Tributary river
144	South America	Rio Grande	2,400	1,360	841	143,000	Paraná	Tributary river
145	South America	Paragua	2,389	550	340	39,605	Caroní	Tributary river^[132]
146	Asia	Vitim	2,379	1,940	1,210	225,000	Lena	Tributary river^[133]
147	South America	Cauca	2,364	1,180	730	59,840	Magdalena	Tributary river
148	South America	Yarí	2,360	620	383	31,650	Japurá	Tributary river
149	South America	Urubamba	2,330	724	448	60,300	Ucayali	Tributary river
150	South America	Jacuí	2,327	723	449	82,618	Lagoa dos Patos	Primary river^[134] ^[135]
151	South America	San Juan	2,304	380	240	15,000	Pacific Ocean	Primary river^[136]
152	South America	Apure	2,300	1,038	645	121,400	Orinoco	Tributary river
153	South America	Uatumã	2,291	701	436	67,920	Amazon	Tributary river^[137]
154	South America	Içana	2,279	676	420	35,675	Rio Negro	Tributary river^[138]
155	South America	Jamanxim	2,217	666	414	58,771	Tapajós	Tributary river^[139] ^[140]
156	Asia	Krishna River	2,213	1,400	870	258,948	Bay of Bengal	Primary river^[141]
157	Africa	Aruwimi	2,200	1,287	799	116,100	Congo	Tributary river^[142]
158	North America	Red River	2,187	2,190	1,360	239,195	Atchafalaya	Tributary river^[143]
159	South America	Ventuari	2,160	520	322	40,861	Orinoco	Tributary river^[144]
160	South America	Curaray	2,155	800	500	26,775	Napo	Tributary river
161	North America	Tennessee	2,140	1,049	652	105,870	Ohio	Tributary river^[145]
162	North America	St. Marys	2,135	120	75	127,700	Lake Huron	Tributary river
163	South America	Canumã	2,135	900	560	52,433	Madeira	Tributary river^[146]
164	South America	Tapauá	2,135	640	400	63,185	Purus	Tributary river
165	Asia	Jialing	2,120	1,345	836	160,000	Yangtze	Tributary river
166	North America	Mobile	2,118	72	45	112,530	Gulf of Mexico	Primary river^[147]
167	North America	Peace	2,110	1,923	1,195	306,000	Slave	Tributary river
168	Asia	Olyokma	2,110	1,436	892	210,000	Lena	Tributary river
169	Asia	Yuan	2,106	864	537	93,287	Yangtze	Tributary river^[148]
170	South America	Ji-Paraná	2,100	820	510	76,127	Madeira	Tributary river^[149]
171	Africa	Sanaga	2,072	1,067	663	132,990	Gulf of Guinea	Primary river
172	Africa	Lomami	2,062	1,450	900	104,162	Congo	Tributary river^[150]
173	Asia	Hongshui	2,049	669.6	416.1	141,674	Xi	Tributary river
174	Africa	Lulonga	2,040	200	120	76,950	Congo	Tributary river^[151]
175	Asia	Gandaki	2,025	814	506	46,300	Ganges	Tributary river
176	Asia	Anadyr	2,020	1,150	710	191,000	Gulf of Anadyr	Primary river^[152]

List of primary rivers by discharge

No	Continent	River	Station	Average discharge (m^3/s)			Outflow
				Mean	Min	Max
1	South America	Amazon	Amazon Delta	220,800	180,000	340,000	Atlantic Ocean^[153]
2	Asia	Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna	Ganges Delta	43,950	10,000	160,000	Bay of Bengal^[154]
3	Africa	Congo (Zaire)	Banana	41,400	32,000	57,670	Atlantic Ocean^[155]
4	South America	Orinoco	Ciudad Guyana	37,740	21,000	54,000	Atlantic Ocean
5	Asia	Yangtze	Yangtze Delta	31,900	11,300	49,500	East China Sea^[156]
6	South America	Río de la Plata	La Plata Estuary	27,225	12,000	50,000	Atlantic Ocean^[157]
7	North America	Mississippi	Mississippi Delta	21,300	5,000	56,000	Gulf of Mexico^[158] ^[159] ^[160]
8	Asia	Yenisei	Yenisei Estuary	20,200	4,200	78,500	Kara Sea^[161]
9	Asia	Lena	Lena Delta	18,300	3,590	72,000	Laptev Sea^[162]
10	Asia	Mekong	Mekong Delta	15,856	3,000	39,000	South China Sea^[163]
11	Asia	Irrawaddy	Irrawaddy Delta	15,112	6,460	38,000	Andaman Sea
12	Asia	Ob	Ob Estuary	13,100	6,230	46,000	Gulf of Ob^[164]
13	North America	Saint Lawrence	Québéc	12,432	9,225	14,835	Gulf of Saint Lawrence^[165]
14	Asia	Amur	Amur Estuary	11,526	5,340	19,000	Sea of Okhotsk^[166] ^[167]
15	North America	Mackenzie	Mackenzie Delta	9,800	4,090	15,800	Beaufort Sea^[168]
16	Asia	Pearl (Xi)	Pearl Delta	9,500	3,600	20,000	South China Sea^[169]
17	Europe	Volga	Volga Delta	8,220	5,500	19,600	Caspian Sea
18	South America	Magdalena	Barranquilla	8,058	2,465	16,463	Caribbean Sea^[170]
19	Africa	Niger	Niger Delta	7,900	1,200	35,000	Gulf of Guinea^[171]
20	North America	Columbia	Astoria	7,407	2,230	19,100	Pacific Ocean^[172] ^[173]
21	Oceania	Fly	Ogwa	7,355	3,680	12,762	Gulf of Papua^[174]
22	North America	Yukon	Pilot Station	6,860	1,360	21,100	Bering Sea^[175]
23	Asia	Salween	Moulmein	6,600	2,300	32,600	Andaman Sea^[176]
24	Europe	Danube	Ceatal Izmail	6,510	1,790	15,900	Black Sea^[177]
25	Asia	Kapuas	Kapuas Delta	6,012	3,000	9,000	South China Sea^[178]
26	Asia	Indus	Indus Delta	5,589	1,100	18,000	Arabian Sea^[179] ^[180]
27	Oceania	Mamberamo	Mamberamo Delta	5,500			Pacific Ocean^[181]
28	Oceania	Sepik	Angoram	5,000	2,600	11,000	Bismarck Sea^[182] ^[183]
29	South America	Essequibo	Bartica	4,951	1,850	8,700	Atlantic Ocean^[184]
30	Africa	Ogooué	Lambaréné	4,935	1,610	9,440	Atlantic Ocean^[185]
31	Europe	Pechora	Oksino	4,800	643	17,182	Barents Sea^[186]
32	Asia	Rajang	Rajang Delta	4,715	1,100	8,000	South China Sea^[187] ^[188]
33	Asia	Barito	Barito Delta	4,514			Java Sea^[189]
34	Asia	Red (Hong)	Red River Delta	4,300	1,200	9,500	Gulf of Tonkin^[190]
35	Asia	Mahakam	Mahakam Delta	4,278	1,000	8,000	Makassar Strait^[191]
36	Africa	Zambezi	Marromeu	4,217	920	18,600	Indian Ocean^[192] ^[193]
37	South America	Atrato	Atrato Delta	4,138			Caribbean Sea^[194]
38	Asia	Kolyma	Kolyma Delta	4,100			East Siberian Sea^[195]
39	North America	Grijalva–Usumacinta	Grijalva Delta	4,028			Gulf of Mexico^[196]
40	North America	Fraser	Vancouver	3,944	575	17,000	Pacific Ocean^[197]
41	Oceania	Digul	Digul Delta	3,867		10,600	Arafura Sea^[198]
42	Oceania	Eilanden (Pulau)	Eilanden Delta	3,783			Arafura Sea^[199]
43	Asia	Godavari	Godavari Delta	3,571			Bay of Bengal^[200]
44	Asia	Kaladan	Kaladan Delta	3,476			Bay of Bengal^[201]
45	Europe	Northern Dvina	Ust-Pinega	3,416			White Sea^[202]
46	North America	Nelson	Port Nelson	3,343			Hudson Bay^[203]
47	Oceania	Purari	Purari Delta	3,300			Gulf of Papua^[204]
48	Oceania	Kikori	Kikori Delta	3,274			Gulf of Papua^[205]
49	Asia	Khatanga	Khatanga Estuary	3,200			Laptev Sea^[206]
50	Asia	Musi	Musi Delta	3,054	1,400	4,200	South China Sea^[207]
51	Asia	Shatt al-Arab	Shatt al-Arab Delta	2,960			Persian Gulf^[208]
52	South America	São Francisco	São Francisco Estuary	2,943			Atlantic Ocean
53	Europe	Rhine	Rhine Delta	2,900	800	13,000	North Sea^[209]
54	Africa	Nile	Dongola	2,810	530	7,620	Mediterranean Sea
55	North America	Koksoak	Koksoak Estuary	2,800			Ungava Bay
56	Europe	Neva	Saint Petersburg	2,770		4,550	Gulf of Finland^[210] ^[211]
57	Africa	Cross	Cross Estuary	2,647			Gulf of Guinea^[212]
58	Asia	Batang Hari	Batang Hari Delta	2,643			South China Sea
59	Asia	Yellow	Yellow Delta	2,571		36,000	Yellow Sea
60	Asia	Pyasina	Pyasina Delta	2,550			Kara Sea
61	Asia	Amu Darya	Kerki	2,525			Aral Sea
62	Asia	Kayan	Tanjung Selor	2,454			Celebes Sea
63	South America	Jacuí	Porto Alegre	2,327			Lagoa dos Patos^[213]
64	South America	San Juan	Before delta	2,304			Pacific Ocean^[214]
65	Asia	Krishna	Krishna Delta	2,213			Bay of Bengal
66	Asia	Mahanadi	Mahanadi Delta	2,119			Bay of Bengal
67	North America	Mobile	Mobile Estuary	2,118	282	9,018	Gulf of Mexico^[215]
68	Africa	Sanaga	Sanaga Delta	2,072	473	5,700	Gulf of Guinea
69	Asia	Anadyr	Anadyr Estuary	2,020			Gulf of Anadyr^[216]

See also

• Lists of rivers
• List of drainage basins by area
• List of rivers by dissolved load
• List of rivers by length
• List of rivers of India by discharge
• List of U.S. rivers by discharge
• List of waterfalls by flow rate

Notes and References

1. Book: HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN. 1997. 2-7011-1532-9. Théry . Hervé . Maurence . Pascale .
2. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 10.1029/GB003i003p00241. Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America. Charles J.. Vörösmarty. Berrien. Moore III. Annette L.. Grace. M. Patricia. Gildea. Jerry M.. Melille. Bruce. Peterson. Edward. B. Rastetter. Paul. A. Steudler. 1989. 3. 3. 241–265. 1989GBioC...3..241V .
3. Book: Gupta, Avijit. Large rivers: geomorphology and management. 18 April 2011. 2007. John Wiley and Sons. 978-0-470-84987-3. 31.
4. Book: Hydrological Cycle Volume III. Igor Alekseevich. Shiklomanov. 978-1-84826-026-9. 2009. EOLSS Publications .
5. Book: Webersik . Christian . Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges . 2010 . ABC-CLIO . 978-0-313-38007-5 .
6. Rao . Mukund P. . Cook . Edward R. . Cook . Benjamin I. . D’Arrigo . Rosanne D. . Palmer . Jonathan G. . Lall . Upmanu . Woodhouse . Connie A. . Buckley . Brendan M. . Uriarte . Maria . Bishop . Daniel A. . Jian . Jun . Webster . Peter J. . Seven centuries of reconstructed Brahmaputra River discharge demonstrate underestimated high discharge and flood hazard frequency . Nature Communications . 26 November 2020 . 11 . 1 . 6017 . 10.1038/s41467-020-19795-6 . 33243991 . 7692521 . 2020NatCo..11.6017R .
7. News: CHEN . Na . Chinese Scientists Pinpoint Source of Huaihe River . Chinese Academy of Sciences . Xinhua . 3 December 2012 .
8. Journal of Hydrometeorology. 10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0660:EOFDFC>2.0.CO;2. Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations. Aiguo. Dai. Kevin. E. Trenberth. 2002. 3 . 6 . 660–687. 2002JHyMe...3..660D .
9. Web site: Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze).
10. Web site: PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III. Jan 2019. 2021-10-03. 2021-05-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf. dead.
11. Book: Balance hídrico en la Cuenca del Plata. Disponibilidad y usos, considerando escenarios futuros. Modelos de gestión . Water balance in the La Plata Basin. Availability and uses, considering future scenarios. Management models . es . December 2016 . Comité Intergubernamental Coordinador de los Países de la Cuenca del Plata . 978-987-4187-09-3 .
12. Environmental Research Letters. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac8ca1. Anne. Gädeke. Michel. Wortmann. Christoph. Menz. Saiful. Islam. Muhammad. Masood. Valentina. Krysanova. Stefan. Lange. Fred. Fokko Hattermann. Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios. 2022. 17. 9. 2022ERL....17i4036G . free.
13. Remote Sensing. 10.3390/rs11050501. Biswa. Bhattacharya. Maurizio. Mazzoleni. Reyne. Ugay. Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products. 2019. 11. 5. 501 . free . 2019RemS...11..501B .
14. Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges. https://books.google.com/books?id=-nufdUc0Ps0C&dq=Ganga+river+18,691+m3/s&pg=PA45. ISBN 9780313380075
15. Web site: USGS 07289000 MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT VICKSBURG, MS.
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18. Web site: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics for Louisiana . .
19. Nature Communications. 10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1. Dongmei. Feng. Colin. J. Gleason. Peirong. Lin. Xiao. Yang. Ming. Pan. Yuta. Ishitsuka. Recent changes to Arctic river discharge. 2021. 12. 6917. 6917 . 34824255 . 8617260 . 2021NatCo..12.6917F .
20. Book: Webersik . Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges . Praeger . 2010 . 9780313380075 . 45.
21. Nature Communications. 10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1. Dongmei. Feng. Colin. J. Gleason. Peirong. Lin. Xiao. Yang. Ming. Pan. Yuta. Ishitsuka. Recent changes to Arctic river discharge. 2021. 12. 6917. 6917 . 34824255 . 8617260 . 2021NatCo..12.6917F .
22. Kalugin . A. S. . Variations of the Present-Day Annual and Seasonal Runoff in the Far East and Siberia with the Use of Regional Hydrological and Global Climate Models . Water Resources . 1 October 2018 . 45 . 1 . 102–111 . 10.1134/S0097807818050366 . 2018WRes...45S.102K . 134779637 .
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25. Environmental Sustainability. ANÁLISIS DE LA EVALUACIÓN AMBIENTAL PRELIMINAR DE LA CENTRAL HIDROELÉCTRICA LORENA-Río Marañón. José. Serra Vega. 75. 2017.
26. Web site: River Basins.
27. Web site: The Amazon River Basin; CE 397 – Transboundary Waters. Christine. Lynch. 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20140528103830/http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf. 2014-05-28.
28. Colquehuanca Quispe . Jannet Vaneza . Estudio hidrogeológico en la cabecera de la sub cuenca de Macuya, mediante Prospección Geofísica . Hydrogeological study at the head of the Macuya sub-basin, through Geophysical Prospecting . es . 2015 .
29. Nature Communications. 10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1. Dongmei. Feng. Colin. J. Gleason. Peirong. Lin. Xiao. Yang. Ming. Pan. Yuta. Ishitsuka. Recent changes to Arctic river discharge. 2021. 12. 6917. 6917 . 34824255 . 8617260 . 2021NatCo..12.6917F .
30. Amazon river water flows into its estuary through Santa Mario River Channel
31. http://www.ana.gov.br/ingles/Portais/folder/tocantins/03-Availability_Use.html The Hydrographi Region of The Amazon
32. Book: HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN. 1997. 2-7011-1532-9. Théry . Hervé . Maurence . Pascale .
33. Web site: River Basins.
34. Web site: Drainage Basins of the Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan. 62–67.
35. http://home.comcast.net/~igpl/Rivers.html Rivers of the Earth
36. Nature Communications. 10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1. Dongmei. Feng. Colin. J. Gleason. Peirong. Lin. Xiao. Yang. Ming. Pan. Yuta. Ishitsuka. Recent changes to Arctic river discharge. 2021. 12. 6917. 6917 . 34824255 . 8617260 . 2021NatCo..12.6917F .
37. Web site: Chapter 5: Plate D-6 — GES DISC: Goddard Earth Sciences, Data & Information Services Center . Disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov . 2012-11-08 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130203044933/http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml . 2013-02-03 .
38. Hydroclimatology of the Upper Madeira River basin: Spatio-temporal variability and trends . 10.1080/02626667.2016.1267861. 2017 . Molina-Carpio . Jorge . Espinoza . Jhan Carlo . Vauchel . Philippe . Ronchail . Josyane . Gutierrez Caloir . Beatriz . Guyot . Jean-Loup . Noriega . Luis . Hydrological Sciences Journal . 62 . 6 . 911–927 . 2017HydSJ..62..911M . 133578964 .
39. Book: THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT. Valentin. Golosov. Vladimir. Belayev. 2017.
40. Hydroclimatology of the Upper Madeira River basin: Spatio-temporal variability and trends . 10.1080/02626667.2016.1267861. 2017 . Molina-Carpio . Jorge . Espinoza . Jhan Carlo . Vauchel . Philippe . Ronchail . Josyane . Gutierrez Caloir . Beatriz . Guyot . Jean-Loup . Noriega . Luis . Hydrological Sciences Journal . 62 . 6 . 911–927 . 2017HydSJ..62..911M . 133578964 .
41. Book: ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022. 978-958-5489-12-7. 2023.
42. Book: Leeden, Frits van der . Fcrimson L. Troise . David Keith Todd . The Water Encyclopedia . 2nd . 1990 . Lewis Publishers . Chelsea, Mich. . 0-87371-120-3 . 126 .
43. Book: The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management. Inger. Andersen. Ousmane. Dione. Martha. Jarosewich-Holder. Jean-Claude. Olivry. Katherin. George Golitzen. 9780821362037. 2005. World Bank .
44. Web site: River Basins.
45. Web site: Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement. United States Department of the Interior.
46. Web site: The Flood Observatory.
47. Web site: The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea : A regional environmental assessment. 29 January 2016. 14 November 2021. 14 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211114230010/https://www.iucn.org/content/fly-river-catchment-papua-new-guinea-a-regional-environmental-assessment. dead.
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54. Web site: Niagara River.
55. Web site: La geografía del agua. José Rafael. Córdova. Marcelo González. Sanabria.
56. Web site: Ganga Delta.
57. Web site: River Basins.
58. Book: 10.1007/978-3-319-13743-8_7 . Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India . Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya . Society of Earth Scientists Series . 2015 . Khan . Abul A. . Pant . Naresh C. . Goswami . Anuj . Lal . Ravish . Joshi . Rajesh . 67–84 . 978-3-319-13742-1 .
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61. Web site: Middle Amazon.
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67. Modeling the Ogooué river discharge based on multi-missions altimetry data. September 2018. AGU Chapman Conference on Hydrologic Research in the Congo Basin. Washington DC.
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79. Web site: PEMODELAN KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI MAHAKAM SEBAGAI DASAR PERENCANAAN PENGELOLAAN LAHAN WILAYAH PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR - PDF Free Download.
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84. Web site: Siberian Basins.
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86. Book: THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT. Valentin. Golosov. Vladimir. Belayev. 2017.
87. Book: ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta. Félix Dario. Sánchez. Martha. García. Omar. Jaramillo. Nelsy. Verdugo. 2010.
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90. Coe . Michael T. . Costa . Marcos Heil . Botta . Aurélie . Birkett . Charon . Long-term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin . Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres . 27 October 2002 . 107 . D20 . 8044 . 10.1029/2001JD000740 . 2002JGRD..107.8044C .
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103. Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System. Christer. Nilsson. Catherine. Reidy, Liermann. Mats. Dynesius. Carmen. Revenga. Science . 10.1126/science.1107887. 2005. 308 . 5720 . 405–408 . 15831757 . 2005Sci...308..405N . 34820022 .
104. Nature Communications. 10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1. Dongmei. Feng. Colin. J. Gleason. Peirong. Lin. Xiao. Yang. Ming. Pan. Yuta. Ishitsuka. Recent changes to Arctic river discharge. 2021. 12. 6917. 6917 . 34824255 . 8617260 . 2021NatCo..12.6917F .
105. Web site: Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study. van Beek. E.. Bons. K.. Brinkman. J.. 2013.
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107. Web site: sda.pu.go.id.
108. Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN). Autoridad Nacional del Agua. 1980. 20.500.12543/1063.
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112. Web site: Rivers Network.
113. Web site: Congo River.
114. Web site: Sutlej.
115. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001333/133303e.pdf Rhine case study
116. Web site: YARLUNG TSANGPO (BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER) IN TIBET.
117. Web site: Upper Brahmaputra.
118. Hydroclimatology of the Upper Madeira River basin: Spatio-temporal variability and trends . 10.1080/02626667.2016.1267861. 2017 . Molina-Carpio . Jorge . Espinoza . Jhan Carlo . Vauchel . Philippe . Ronchail . Josyane . Gutierrez Caloir . Beatriz . Guyot . Jean-Loup . Noriega . Luis . Hydrological Sciences Journal . 62 . 6 . 911–927 . 2017HydSJ..62..911M . 133578964 .
119. Web site: Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze).
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