List of riots in India explained

India has faced a number of riots both before and after its independence. Here is a list of riots in India:

Riots in Pre-Independent India

Name	Year	Locations	Cause	Factions	Deaths	Wounded	Damage	Ref
Bombay Dog Riots	1832 (6 to 7 June)	South Mumbai	Protest by Parsis against the British government's killing of stray dogs	Parsis	None	None	N/A	^[1]
	October 1851	Bombay	Protests by Muslims against the Chitra Dynan Darpan owned by a Parsee. The publication had printed a depiction of the Islamic prophet Muhammed and his history.	Parsis Muslims	N/A	N/A	N/A	^[2]
1857 Bharuch riot	May 1857	Broach and Mumbai	Linked to the Broach riots	Parsis Muslims	2 Parsis murdered	N/A	N/A
Parsi–Muslim riots 1874	13 February 1874			N/A	N/A	N/A
Salem riots of 1882	1882	Salem, Tamil Nadu	Objection by Muslims to a Hindu religious procession through a Mosque	Hindus Muslims	Unknown	Unknown	N/A
Shahabad Riots	1917	Shahabad, Bihar	Communal harmony disrupted due to the practice of cow slaughter on Hindus,Muslims|Unknown|Unknown|[3] |-|Katarpur Riot|1918|Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Various|Hindus|Muslims|N/A||^[4] |-| Malabar rebellion| 1920–1921| Malabar| Religious leaders spearheaded the Hindu genocide of 1921, which led to the massacre of thousands of Hindus, forcible conversions, rape of Hindu women and children and destruction of Hindu properties and places of worship, many call it Khilafat aftermath in the Malabar District of Madras Presidency.| Mappilas Hindus British Raj| approx 10000 hindus killed and 100k have to leave their homeland| ^[5] |||-| Peshawar riots| March 21–24, 1910| Peshawar, Peshawar District, North-West Frontier Province| Annual Hindu festival of Holi coincided with Barawafat, the annual Muslim day of mourning.| Hindus Muslims| At least 4 Muslims and 6 Hindus| Hundreds| At least 451 shops and homes, Rs. 50 lakhs of damage| ^[6] ^[7] |-| 1921–1922 riots| April 1921–March 1922| Bengal, Punjab, Multan| Many riots occurred during Muharram, other causes| Hindus Muslims| Unknown| Unknown| Various| |-| Riots in Kohat| 1924| Kohat| Hindu–Muslim tension| Hindus | 155| Unknown| Rs. 9 lakhs + of damage| |-| 1924–1925 riots| April 1924- March 1925| Delhi, Nagpur, Lahore, Lucknow, Moradabad, Bhagalpur, Gulbarga, Shahajahanpur, Kankinarah, Kohat and Allahabad| Various| Hindus Muslims| Unknown| Unknown| Various| |-| 1925–1926 riots| April 1925–March 1926| Calcutta, the United Provinces, the Central Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Berar, Gujarat, Sholapur| Dispute outside a mosque between Muslims and Hindus, other causes| Hindus Muslims| 44+| 584+| Damage to temples and mosques| |-| 1926–1927 riots| April 1926–March 1927| Delhi, Calcutta, Bengal, the Punjab, United Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Sind| Music during Hindu celebrations near mosques, and other causes| Hindus Muslims| 28+| 226+| Unknown| |-| 1927–1928 riots| April 1927- March 1928| Lahore, Bihar (2), Orissa(2), Punjab (2), Bettiah, United Provinces (10), Bombay Presidency (6), the Central Provinces (2), Bengal (2), Delhi(1)| Caused by the publication of Rangila Rasul and Risala Vartman, by music during Hindu celebrations near mosques, cow slaughter, and other causes| Hindus Muslims| 103+| 1084+| Unknown| |-| 1927 Nagpur riots| September 4, 1927| Nagpur, Maharashtra| Muslims objected to passage of Hindu procession which resulted in riots| Hindus Muslims| 22| 100| N/A||-| 1928–1929 riots| April 1928–March 1929| 22 significant riots in this period. Most serious were the Bombay riots. Other riots in Punjab, Kharagpur, and other places.| Many riots occurred during Bakr-i-Id, other causes| Hindus Muslims| 204+ (149 in Bombay)| Nearly 1000| Unknown| |-| 1929–1930 riots| April 1929–March 1930| 12 significant riots in this period. Bombay, other places.| Various| Hindus Muslims| 35+| 200+| Unknown| |-| Bombay riots of 1930| 1930| various| Protests against the Salt tax| Indian British government| N/A| N/A| N/A| ^[8] |-| 1930–1931 riots| April 1930 – March 1931| Bengal, Nagpur, Bombay, Assam, Sukkur (Sind)| Various| Hindus Muslims| Unknown| Unknown| Unknown| |-| 1931–1932 riots| April 1931–March 1932| Cawnpore, other places| Various| Hindus Muslims| 300-500| Unknown| Damage to temples and other property| |-| 1933–1934 riots| April 1933–March 1934| Benares, Cawnpore, Lahore, Peshawar, Ayodhya,...| During Hindu and Muslim celebrations. Dispute between Sikhs and Muslims at the Shaheed Ganj Mosque in Lahore. Riots in Karachi after Abdul Quayum was executed for the murder of Hindu writer Nathuramal in court.| Hindus, Sikhs Muslims| Unknown| Unknown| Various| |-| 1936 riots| 1936| Firozabad, Bombay, other| Various| Hindus Muslims| Unknown| Unknown| Various| |-| 1937 riots| 1937| Panipat, Madras, Amritsar| During Holi, other causes| Hindus, Sikhs Muslims| Unknown| Unknown| Various| |-| 1939 riots| 1939| Benares, Cawnpore, Sukkur (Sind), other| Dispute between Muslims and Hindus at Manzilgah over a mosque, a temple vandalized by Muslims, other causes| Hindus Muslims| 151+| 58+| Various| |-| Direct Action Day| August 1946| Calcutta, Bengal| Muslim League Council to show the strength of Muslim feelings both to British and Congress. Muslims wanted a separate country for Muslims fearing that Hindus will suppress their community and that fear lead to killing and looting of Hindus.| Hindus Muslims | 4,000| N/A| 100,000 homeless| ^[9] |-| Noakhali riots| October–November 1946| Noakhali and Tippera districts of Bengal (now in Bangladesh)| Widespread killing of Hindus and looting of Hindu shops, businesses, and homes. An attempt to either kill or make the Hindus flee from Noakhali and go to newly founded republic of India.| Hindus Muslims | 5,000 killed| N/A| 50,000 remained marooned| ^[10] ^[11] |} Riots In Post-Independent India From Independence to 2000 Name Year Locations Cause Factions Deaths Wounded Damage Ref 1957 Ramnad riots 1957 Ramnad After Devendrar people objected to electoral victory of Maravar candidate in 1957 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections Devendrar Maravar Tamil Nadu police 38 Unknown 2,842 houses burnt ^[12] 1961 Jabalpur riots 4-9 February, 1961 Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh This riot was linked to the emergence of a small class of successful Muslim entrepreneurs who created a new economic rivalry between Hindu and Muslim communities. Also, media and press gave communal tone to crime incident by two Muslim boys, which lead to widespread violence. Hindus Muslims 55^[13] 200+ These riots shook Jawaharlal Nehru as he never expected communal riots of such intensity in independent India. Hindu nationalist organizations including ABVP, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh played a major role in this riot. Officially 55 were killed, though according to unofficial accounts, 200 were killed. Nehru responded by lambasting the Bhopal Congress government which was being headed by Chief Minister Kailash Nath Katju. He angrily noted that Congress leaders were found to be 'sitting inside their houses like purdah ladies' during riots^[14] ^[15] ^[16] 1964 Calcutta riots January 1964 Culcutta and rural parts of West Bengal Retaliation for Muslim attacks on Hindus during 1964 East Pakistan riots Hindus Muslims 264^[17] ^[18] ^[19] ^[20] 430+ The Muslim community in Calcutta felt more segregated and fearful than ever before. Reports indicated that as many as 70,000 Muslim residents fled their homes.^[21] ^[22] ^[23] 1966 Hindu Sikh riots 9 March 1966 Old Delhi Delhi March 14 Hindus and Sikhs battled in New Delhi's streets today as a wave of violence over proposals for a Punjabi-speaking state spread. Following violence in Delhi stoning and casual violence also erupted in Ludhiana, Patiala, Jalandhar and in Panipat 3 congressmen were burnt alive including close associate of Bhagat Singh generally believed to be orchestrated by Jan Sangh who were anti of Punjabi speaking state. Sikhs Hindus 3 people died and around hundreds were injured, N/A N/A 1967 Ranchi-Hatia riots August 22–29, 1967 Ranchi Anti-Urdu agitations HindusMuslims 184 Unknown 195 shops looted and burnt, three places of worship damaged by arson. ^[24] 1969 Gujarat riots September – October 1969 Gujarat Desecration of a dargah and subsequently of a Hindu temple. Hindus Muslims 512 1084 Property of muslims worth 42 million Rupees destroyed ^[25] 1969 Anti Kannada Riots February – 1969 Bombay KA-MH border dispute. Kannadigas Marathis 59 274 February 1969 Thackeray unleashes his goons against Kannadigas. 59 dead, 274 wounded, 151 cops injured in week of riots. ^[26] Worli riots 1974 Mumbai, Maharashtra Police attempting to disperse a Dalit Panthers rally where speaker allegedly made objectionable remarks about Hindu deities Shiv Sena (Hindu) Buddhist 1 ^[27] 1980 Moradabad riots August 1980 Moradabad Policemen's refusal to remove pig from Idgah PAC Muslims 400 Unknown 195 shops looted and burnt, three places of worship damaged by arson. ^[28] 1981 Bihar riots May 1981 Bihar Sharif Dispute over land between Yadavs (an agricultural caste) and Muslims, which was turned communal by Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. Hindus Muslims 45 70 N/A ^[29] 1982 Meerut riots July 1982 Meerut Dispute over land between Muslim advocate and Municipality, which was turned into temple-mazaar controversy by Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP). Situation turned serious after visit of RSS Sarsanghchalak, Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras. Hindus Muslims 100 126 N/A ^[30] Nellie massacre February 1983 Nellie Kidnapping and murder of 5 Lalung tribals and alleged rape of two Lalung girls by Bengali Muslims. More broadly, Assam Agitation. Assamese Bengali Muslims 2,191 (Unofficial Toll 10,000+) Unknown ^[31] 1984 Bhiwandi riot May 1984 Bhiwandi Placement of Saffron flag on top of mosque. Hindus Muslims 278 1,115 N/A ^[32] 1984 Sikh massacre 31 October 1984 − 3 November 1984 Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar Assassination of Indira Gandhi by her two Sikh bodyguards HindusSikhs 3,350 (Government figures)8,000‐30,000 (Independent estimate) N/A N/A ^[33] 1985 Gujarat riots February –August 1985 Ahmedabad Anger among upper castes about proposed increases to reservation for backward classes. Later the riot turned communal and Bhartiya Janta Party and Vishwa Hindu Parishad workers attacked Muslims houses. Muslims who had no role to play in the reservation policy of Madhav Singh Solanki government were victimized. Hindus Muslims 275 N/A N/A February–March 1986 Jammu and Kashmir Construction of a mosque at the site of an ancient Hindu Temple Hindus Muslims Hindu Temples, shops vandalised ^[34] 1987 Meerut riots April–May 1987 Meerut Babri Mosque reopened for Hindu worship Hindus Muslims PAC 346 (includes 42 killed in Hashimpura massacre) 159 N/A ^[35] 1987 Delhi riots 19–22 May 1987 Delhi Rumors about events happening in Meerut triggered communal violence in Delhi Hindus Muslims 8 – 15 N/A N/A ^[36] 1988 Aurangabad violence 17–20 May 1988 Aurangabad Objection to Election results Hindus Muslims 26 N/A N/A 1988 Muzaffarnagar 8–11 October 1988 Muzaffarnagar Rally by the BMAC (Babri Masjid Action Committee) Hindus Muslims 37 N/A N/A 1988 Karnataka Bidar riots 14–16 September 1988 Bidar Religious procession during Ganesh Chathurti event and over demanding donations from Sikhs Sikhs Hindus(VHP) 6 Sikh students killed, 30 injured and N/A Property worth lakhs destroyed ^[37] 1989 Jammu anti-Sikh riots 13 January 1989 Jammu Some Sikh pilgrims displaying Satwant Singh and Beant Singh posters during Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti Sikhs Shiv Sena 15 Sikhs killed, hundreds injured and property worth crores destroyed N/A N/A 1989 Bombay 24 February 1989 Bombay Protests against book The Satanic Verses Muslims 11 N/A N/A 1989 Kota violence 14 September 1989 Kota Religious procession Hindus Muslims 26 N/A N/A 1989 Badaun violence 28 September 1989 Badaun Issue of Urdu-slated to become Uttar Pradesh's second official language Hindus Muslims 24 N/A N/A 1989 Indore violence 14 October 1989 Indore Political rally Hindus Muslims 23 N/A N/A 1989 Bhagalpur violence 22–28 October 1989 Bhagalpur Religious procession and false rumors about the killing of Hindu students Hindus Muslims 1000+ N/A N/A 1989 Kashmir violence 1989–1990 Kashmir Militancy in valley Militants MuslimsKashmiri Hindus 200-1341 Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus 1990 Gujarat violence April–October 1990 Gujarat Political procession Hindus Muslims 12 N/A Looting of shops 1990 Colonelganj violence 30 September 1990 Colonelganj Stones and petrol bombs thrown at Durga Puja procession Hindus Muslims 100 N/A Looting of shops 1990 Karnataka violence October 1990 Ramnagaram, Channapatna, Kolar, Davanagere, Tumkur Various incidents in different parts of Karnataka state Hindus Muslims 46 N/A N/A ^[38] 1990 Rajasthan violence October 1990 Udaipur, Jaipur Hindu Ram Jyoti procession (bearing the light of Ram) was stoned & attacked in Udaipur Hindus Muslims 50 N/A N/A 1990 Ayodhya firing incident October, November 1990 Ayodhya Uttar Pradesh police fired live ammunition at civilians Hindus 16 N/A N/A 1990 Hyderabad riots 1990 Hyderabad Due to Hindus partly demolishing Babri Mosque Hindus Muslims 200+ N/A N/A ^[39] ^[40] 1990 Aligarh riots 1990 Aligarh Started with an attack on a group of people bound for Etah from the house of Manawwar Hussain, ex- chairman of the Nagar Palika, and from a nearby Masjid Hindus Muslims 11+ Unknown Unknown ^[41] 1990 Kanpur riots 1990 Kanpur Hawkers selling clothes were attacked and their merchandise burned Hindus Muslims 20 N/A N/A 1990 Agra riots 1990 Agra Unknown Hindus Muslims 22 N/A N/A ^[42] 1990 Gonda riots 1990 Gonda False rumours of throwing of stones and petrol bombs at a Durga Puja procession Hindus Muslims Unknown Unknown Unknown ^[43] 1990 Khurja violence 1990; December 15–23 and 1991; January 31–February 5 Khurja Babri Masjid/Ramjanmabhoomi issue Hindus Muslims 96 N/A N/A ^[44] 1991 Bhadrak riot 1991; March 24 Bhadrak Babri Masjid/Ramjanmabhoomi issue Hindus Muslims 33 N/A N/A ^[45] 1991 Saharanpur violence 1991; March 27 Saharanpur Ram Navami procession was prevented from passing near a mosque Hindus Muslims 40+ N/A N/A 1991 Kanpur violence 1991; May 19 Kanpur Babri Masjid/Ramjanmabhoomi controversy Hindus Muslims 20 N/A N/A 1991 Meerut violence 1991; May 20 Meerut Election violence Hindus Muslims 30 N/A N/A 1991 Varanasi violence 1991; November 8 and 13 Meerut Kali Puja procession attacked Hindus Muslims 20 N/A N/A 1991 anti-Tamil violence in Karnataka 1991 Bangalore Tensions between Kannadigas and Tamils after Cauvery river dispute KannadigasTamils 16 N/A Officially 16 Tamils were killed but real estimate is much higher and Mass exodus of Tamils, more than 200,000 from various parts of Karnataka ^[46] 1992 Sitamarhi violence 1992; October 2–9 Sitamarhi Durga Puja procession shouting slogans such as Jai Shri Ram near a mosque was stopped by some Muslim youths Hindus Muslims 65 N/A N/A ^[47] 1992 Surat 1992; October 2–9 Surat Babri Masjid/Ramjanmabhoomi controversy Hindus Muslims 200+ N/A N/A ^[48] 1992 Bombay riots 6 December 1992 – 26 January 1993 Mumbai Protests over the demolition of the Babri Masjid Hindus Muslims 900 1992 Karnataka 1992; December 6–13 Bangalore, Gulbarga, Hubli, Dharwad Commencement of Urdu-language news broadcasts in Doordarshan Hindus Muslims 30 N/A N/A ^[49] 1992 Kanpur 1992; December 6–11 Kanpur Demolition of Babri Masjid Hindus Muslims 254 N/A N/A ^[50] 1992 Assam 1992; December 7–8 Nagaon and Dhubri districts Demolition of Babri Masjid Hindus Muslims 90+ N/A As many as 23 temples and mosques were damaged ^[51] 1992 Rajasthan 1992; December 7–9 Rajasthan Demolition of Babri Masjid Hindus Muslims 60 N/A N/A ^[52] 1992 Calcutta 1992; December 7–1 Calcutta Demolition of Babri Masjid Hindus Muslims 35 N/A N/A 1992 Bhopal 1992; December 7–15 Bhopal Demolition of Babri Masjid Hindus Muslims 175 N/A N/A ^[53] 1992 Delhi 1992; December 10 Delhi False rumor declaring the Mustafa mosque had been razed to the ground triggered the violence Hindus Muslims 53 N/A N/A ^[54] 1994 Hubli 1994; August 15 Hubli National flag hoisting at the Idgah Maidan Hubli Hindus Muslims 6 N/A N/A ^[55] 1994 Bangalore 1994; October 6–8 Bangalore Broadcasting in Urdu of a Doordarshan (television) program Hindus Muslims 25 N/A N/A ^[56] 1997; November 29–December 1; 1998; February 14 Coimbatore Murder of a police constable by three Muslim youths belonging to the Al-Umma Hindus Muslims 60 N/A N/A Post 2000 Name Year Locations Cause Factions Deaths Wounded Damage Ref 2002 Gujarat riots 27 February – 2 March 2002 Gujarat The burning of a train in Godhra on 27 February 2002, which caused the deaths of 69 Hindu pilgrims karsevaks returning from Ayodhya triggered the violence. The Naroda Patiya massacre took place on 28 February 2002 at Naroda, in Ahmedabad. 97 Muslims were killed by a mob of approximately 5,000 people, organised by the Bajrang Dal, a wing of the Vishva Hindu Parishad, and allegedly supported by the Bharatiya Janata Party which was in power in the Gujarat State Government. Hindu Muslims 1044 Official Figure, 2000 Unofficial 2500+ official ^[57] 2005 Mau riots 2005; October 13–14 Mau Hindus performing the Ramayana scene of Bharat Milap attacked by Muslims Hindus Muslims 14 N/A N/A ^[58] 2005 Lucknow riots 2006, March 3 Lucknow Danish Mohammed cartoons Hindus Muslims 4 N/A N/A ^[59] 2006 Vadodara riots 1 May 2006 – 3 May 2006 Gujarat Municipal council's decision to remove the dargah (shrine) of Syed Chishti Rashiduddin Hindus Muslims 8 42 ^[60] 2007 Christmas violence in Kandhamal 2007, Dec 24-27 Kandhamal district Christmas celebrations Hindus, Christians 3-50 100+ Churches burnt down, demolished or vandalized,100+ Christian institutions burnt down or vandalized,837+ families left homeless,700-730 houses (120 belonging to Hindus) were burnt or damaged. ^[61] 2008 Kandhamal violence 2008, Aug 25-28 Kandhamal district Murder of Lakshmanananda Saraswati Hindus, Christians 39-90 18,000+ 395+ Churches burnt down, demolished or vandalized,54,000+ left homeless,5,600+ houses ransacked or burnt down,600+ Villages ransacked ^[62] 2008 Indore (Madhya Pradesh) 2008, July 3–4 Indore Conflict revocation of land allotment for the Amarnath Temple in Kashmir Hindus Muslims 8 N/A N/A 2012 Assam violence 20 July – 15 September 2012 Assam Killing of 4 Bodo youths by unidentified miscreants Bodos, Bengali Muslims 77+ 4 lakhs displaced temporarily ^[63] 2013 Canning riots 21 February 2013 West Bengal Killing of Muslim cleric by unidentified assailants MuslimsHindus 200 Hindu homes burnt. ^[64] 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots 27 August 2013 – 17 September 2013 Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh Disputed Hindus Muslims 60+ 93 ^[65] 2014 Saharanpur riots 25 July 2014 – 26 July 2014 Saharanpur Disputed land Muslims Sikhs 3 33 ^[66] 2015 Nadia riots 5 May 2015 Nadia district, West Bengal Religious procession Muslims Hindus 4 8 Houses burnt ^[67] 2016 Kaliachak riots 3 January 2016 Kaliachak, Malda district Muslim protest against the alleged derogatory remarks of Hindu Mahasabha leader Kamlesh Tiwari towards Muhammad MuslimsHindus and police 0 30+ 500 homes torched, destruction of police stations and Hindu temples ^[68] ^[69] 2016 anti-Tamil riots 13-14 September 2016 Bengaluru Tensions between Kannadigas and Tamils after Cauvery river dispute Mob, Public 2 protesters because of police firing N/A 100+ cars, buses, trucks and shops belonging to Tamilians torched in Bangalore thousands of Tamil people flee the city as violence engulfed and ravaged the city ^[70] 2016 Coimbatore riots September 22 – 26 Coimbatore Death of Hindu Munnani leader PoliceBJP and Hindu Munnani supporters 12 Destruction of police vans, Muslim-owned properties, Hindu temples 2016 Dhulagarh riots 12 December 2016 Panchla, Howrah Refusal to allow Mawlid processions to march Hindus Muslims 2017 Baduria riots 2 July 2017 Baduria, West Bengal Alleged derogatory facebook post by a Hindu student Muslims Hindus 23+ 65 year old Hindu man stabbed to death by a Muslim mob. ^[71] 2017 Northern India riots 25 August 2017 Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and New Delhi Rape conviction of Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh Dera Sacha Sauda Followers 41+ 300+ Mostly in Police firing to suppress the Destruction. ^[72] ^[73] 2018 Bihar riots 17 March 2018, 24 March 2018, 25 March 2018, 27 March 2018, 28 March 2018 & 30 March 2018 Bihar(17 March Bhagalpur, 24 March Siwan, 25 March Aurangabad, 27 March Samastipur, 27 March Munger, 28 March Silao(Nalanda), 28 March Sheikhpura, 30 March Nawada) Clashes erupted during Ram Navami processions between BJP, Bajrang Dal, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Muslims Hindus Muslims 0 35+ 4 Hindu temples vandalized including the Hanuman idols and murtis inside of them broken and one mosque also vandalised, vehicles, shops were burnt ^[74] 2020 Delhi riots 23 February 2020 – 1 March 2020 North East Delhi CAA-NRC Protests Muslims, Hindu 53 200+ Shops, houses vehicles and mosque ^[75] ^[76] 2020 Bangalore riots 11–12 August 2020 KG Halli and DJ Halli, eastern Bengaluru Protest by Muslims against a derogatory social media post about Muhammad. MuslimsPolice 5 Unknown Homes, shops, vehicles and police station ^[77] 2021 Assam eviction violence 24 September 2021 Dholpur, Darrang district Eviction drive against alleged illegal settlers Assam police, Illegal settlers 2 9 policemen injured 2 people shot dead by police including 12 year old boy ^[78] 2022 Shivamogga riots 20 February 2022 – 22 February 2022 Shivamogga, Karnataka Murder of Bajrang Dal activist Harsha Bajrang Dal workersMuslims 0 20 injured 100 vehicles torched, Houses and shops vandalised ^[79] 2022 Kanpur violence 3 June 2022 Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 2022 Muhammad remarks controversy MuslimsPolice 0 40+ injured ^[80] 2022 Ranchi violence 10 June 2022 Ranchi, Jharkhand 2022 Muhammad remarks controversy MuslimsPolice 2 24 injured ^[81] 2023-24 Manipur violence 3 May 2023 - 25 July 2024 Meitei and Kuki-dominated districts of Manipur Various: Attempt to give Meiteis ST reservation, Manipur govt crackdown on land encroachment, Meitei fears of illegal immigration MeiteisKukis 60+ 230+ Churches, temples, schools, houses, vehicles, public properties were set ablaze by the violent protesters. ^[82] ^[83] ^[84] 2023 Haryana riots 31 July 2023 - 3 August 2023 Nuh, later Gurgaon and Sohna Passage of Hindu procession with rumoured participation of Monu Manesar, a cow vigilante known for murder of several Muslims Meo MuslimsHindus 7 200+ Mosque and public properties were set ablaze by the violent mobs. ^[85] ^[86] 2023 Shivamogga violence 28 September 2023 - 3 October 2023 Shimoga Cutout of Tipu Sultan being covered by police for being inciteful Muslimspolice 0 230+ Murders, attacking innocent people, police and public properties were set ablaze by the violent protesters. ^[87] 2023 Satara riots 10 September 2023 Satara Riots by Hindus who were provoked by abusive comments made by Muslims against Hindu deities Lord Ram & Lady Sita, as well as against the Maratha ruler Shivaji Maharaj HindusMuslims 1 10 Shops, houses vehicles and mosques burned or targeted ^[88] 2024 Haldwani riots 9 February 2024 Haldwani Demolition of a madrasa and Masjid as part of a district anti-encroachment drive Local residents (mainly Muslim)Police 5 100+ Police station, vehicles, and houses burnt ^[89] See also List of massacres in India Religious violence in India List of riots in Mumbai Further reading

Notes and References

1. Pg 125 Book: Palsetia, Jesse S. . The Parsis of India: Preservation of Identity in Bombay City . Brill . 2001 . 978-90-04-12114-0 . 368.
2. Pg 188–189 Book: Palsetia, Jesse S. . The Parsis of India: Preservation of Identity in Bombay City . Brill . 2001 . 978-90-04-12114-0 . 368.
3. Book: Sajjad, Mohammad . Muslim Politics in Bihar . Taylor & Francis . 2014 . 9781317559825 . 98 . English.
4. Book: Thursby, Gene . Hindu-Muslim Relations in British India: A Study of Controversy, Conflict, and Communal Movements in Northern India 1923-1928 . Brill Academic Publishers . 1975 . 978-90-04-04380-0 . Netherlands . 82 . English.
5. Book: Besant, Annie Wood . The future of Indian politics; a contribution to the understanding of present-day problems . 1922 . Adyar, India, Theosophical Pub. House . University of California Libraries.
6. Rehman, Noor & Khan, Aman Ullah. 2020. "“Maro Hindu Ko” (Kill the Hindus): Communal Violence in Peshawar City: A Historical Perspective" In Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society. Volume: 33, No. 02, July – December 2020
7. Web site: Census of India 1921. Vol. 14, North-west Frontier Province : Part I, Report; part II, Tables . saoa.crl.25430163 . 10 February 2023 . 1922 .
8. News: 1930-06-23 . Troops called out for Bombay Riots . . 2008-09-18.
9. Book: Burrows, Frederick . Report to Viceroy Lord Wavell . The British Library IOR: L/P&J/8/655 f.f. 95, 96–107 . 1946 . Frederick Burrows.
10. 28 October 1946 . India: Written in Blood . Time . 42 . Mobs in the Noakhali district of east Bengal ... burned, looted and massacred on a scale surpassing even the recent Calcutta riots. In eight days an estimated 5,000 were killed . subscription.
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22. News: 1964-01-12 . TOLL IN CALCUTTA PUT AT 60 IN RIOTS; Mob Kills 3 Policemen —Army Units Moved In . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-01-11 . 0362-4331.
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26. http://www.outlookindia.com/article/tooth-and-claw/283066 Tooth and Claw, Outlook, 2012
27. http://www.outlookindia.com/article/tooth-and-claw/283066 Tooth and Claw, Outlook, 2012
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