This list enumerates railway lines in Vietnam. The Vietnamese railway system is owned and primarily operated by the state-owned Vietnam Railways (Vietnamese: Đường sắt Việt Nam), although private railway companies also offer special service to key destinations. Its principal route is the 1726km (1,072miles) single track North–South Railway line running between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City; as of 2007, 85% of the network's passenger volume and 60% of its cargo volume is transported along this line.[1] Besides this one, the system includes lines connecting Hanoi to the People's Republic of China, to surrounding cities such as Thái Nguyên, Hai Phong and Hạ Long.[2]
Most existing Vietnamese railway lines use metre gauge, although standard gauge (used in China) and mixed gauge are used northeast of Hanoi. As of 2005, approximately 2600km (1,600miles) of track was in use throughout Vietnam—2169km (1,348miles) meter gauge, 178km (111miles) standard gauge and 253km (157miles) mixed gauge.[3] As of 2005, there were 278 stations on the Vietnamese railway network, 191 of which are located along the North-South Railway line.[3]
New railway lines have been proposed for construction, such as the 1570km (980miles) high-speed North–South express railway connecting Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, which would reduce travel times from 30 hours to 6 hours. Other proposals aim to restore or completely rebuild previously existing lines that fell into disuse after the French Indochina War and the Vietnam War, such as the Da Lat–Thap Cham line, which now serves only to ferry tourists between Đà Lạt and the nearby village of Trại Mát. International links to Cambodia and Laos are also under consideration.
| Description | Established | Length | Stations | Travel time | Gauge | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North–South railway | 1936[4] | 1726km (1,072miles) | 191[5] | 30 hrs[6] | Metre gauge[7] | |
The Hanoi–Ho Chi Minh City line is the primary railway line serving Vietnam. Trains travelling this line are sometimes referred to as the 'Reunification Express'. This line should not be confused with the proposed North–South express railway (see below).
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| Hanoi–Lào Cai railway | 1906[8] | 296km (184miles) | 40[9] | 10 hrs[10] | Metre gauge | |
The railway link from Hanoi to Lào Cai was originally built by the French administration of Indochina in the early 20th century, as part of an international railway link between Haiphong and the Chinese city of Kunming.
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| Hanoi–Đồng Đăng railway | 1902[11] | 163km (101miles) | 23[12] | 4.25 hrs | Mixed gauge | |
Đồng Đăng is a station at the Vietnamese border with China, forming a part of the international Hanoi-Nanning rail link. There is direct international passenger service on the line (the Beijing-Nanning-Hanoi Through Train).
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| Kép–Hạ Long railway | 1950s[14] | 106km (66miles) | 12 | 4.5 hrs | Standard gauge | |
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| Bắc Hồng–Văn Điển railway | 1982[16] | 39.2km (24.4miles) | 5 | ?? | Metre gauge | |
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| Hanoi–Haiphong railway | 1902[17] | 102km (63miles) | 18[18] | 2.5 hrs | Metre gauge | |
The railway link from Hanoi to Haiphong was originally built by the French administration of Indochina in the early 20th century, as part of an international railway link between Haiphong and the Chinese city of Kunming.
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| Hanoi–Thái Nguyên railway | 1962[19] | 75km (47miles) | 14[20] | 3 hrs | Mixed gauge | |
Also known as the Hanoi-Quan Trieu line or the Dong Anh-Quan Trieu line.
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| Thái Nguyên–Kép | 1966 | 57km (35miles) | 6?[22] | ?? | Standard gauge | |
The Thái Nguyên–Kép railway line was a strategic, standard-gauge line constructed between October 1965 and December 1966 by a railroad engineering division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, who operated in North Vietnam repairing railway lines at the request of Ho Chi Minh.[23]
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| Phố Lu–Pom Hán railway | ?? | 25km (16miles) | 2 | ?? | Metre gauge | |
| Also called the Pho Lu–Pom Han line. A branch line connected to the Yunnan–Vietnam Railway at Phố Lu, south of Lào Cai, used to carry apatite from the mines located along the line to the fertilizer factory located at Tien Kien. | ||||||
| Tien Kien–Bai Bang | ?? | 10.5km (06.5miles) | ?? | ?? | Metre gauge? | |
| A branch line connected to the Yunnan–Vietnam Railway, near Phú Thọ. | ||||||
| Da Lat–Trại Mát | 1932 | 7km (04miles) | 2 | ?? | Metre gauge | |
Part of the rack railway that once connected the towns of Đà Lạt and Tháp Chàm. Since the line's abandonment after the Vietnam War, only a 7 km section remains in use, running from Da Lat station to the nearby village of Trại Mát, operated as a tourist attraction.[24] See Đà Lạt–Tháp Chàm railway below.
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| Tien Kien–Lam Thao | ?? | 4.1km (02.5miles) | ?? | ?? | Metre gauge | |
| A branch line connected to the Yunnan–Vietnam Railway, near Phú Thọ. Originally served a military complex. | ||||||
Several railway lines have been proposed for construction in Vietnam in recent years. The largest such project is the high-speed North–South express railway connecting Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City, valued at approximately US$56 billion. Due to its cost, plans for the line are currently on hold pending further study of the project.[25] Other projects involve the restoration of previously existing lines, such as the Da Lat–Tháp Chàm line and the Ho Chi Minh City–Lộc Ninh, both of which were originally built in the 1930s, but fell into disuse after decades of war. The Ho Chi Minh City–Loc Ninh line, along with a new Mu Gia–Vung Ang line, would permit new international railway links to Cambodia and Laos, respectively.
The metric lines are able to speeds up to 140km/h (130km/h used in Taiwan metric railways), and 160km/h with pendular trains (done in New Zealand), depending on curve radius and maintenance.
| Description | Length | Gauge | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North–South express railway | 1570km (980miles) | Standard gauge | ||
| Ho Chi Minh City–Cần Thơ express railway | 139km (86miles) | Standard gauge | ||
National railway company Vietnam Railways has proposed a high-speed rail link between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, capable of running at 300to. Funding of the $56 billion line would mainly come from the Vietnamese government; reports suggest Japanese development aid could be made available in stages, conditioned on the adoption of Shinkansen technology.[26] [27] Once completed, the high-speed rail line would allow trains to complete the Hanoi-Ho Chi Minh City journey in approximately 6 hours.[28] Vietnam's National Assembly rejected the existing plan for the line in June 2010, and asked for further study of the project.
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| Da Lat–Thap Cham | 127km (79miles) | Metre gauge | ||
| The town of Đà Lạt was once connected by a rack railway to the main north-south line at Tháp Chàm. Construction of the line initially began in 1908.[29] The 38km (24miles) Tháp Chàm–Sông Pha section opened in 1919, and the second section, running 43km (27miles) from Sông Pha to Đà Lạt, opened in 1932. Since the line's abandonment after the Vietnam War, only a 7 km section remains in use, running from Da Lat station to the nearby village of Trại Mát, operated as a tourist attraction. A proposed renewal project, backed by provincial and local governments, aims to restore the original Đà Lạt–Tháp Chàm railway to handle both passenger and cargo transportation.[30] [31]
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| Ho Chi Minh City–Vũng Tàu | 110km (70miles)[32] | Metre gauge | ||
A new railway line connecting Ho Chi Minh City to Vũng Tàu, a port on the South China Sea, has been proposed. The line would serve both freight and passenger transport.
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| Dĩ An–Lộc Ninh Railway | 128.5km (79.8miles) | Metre gauge | ||
| In 1933, a private railroad connecting Lộc Ninh in Bình Phước Province to Ben Dong Xo was opened. The line was connected to the main North–South line in 1937, connecting Loc Ninh to Saigon via Dĩ An. The route from Dĩ An to Lộc Ninh had 17 railway stations.[33] The line was abandoned after 1959, and was dismantled at the conclusion of the Vietnam War. Many portions of the line still exist, although they are largely used by local farmers as access roads to reach their fields; two portions of track near Phu Cuong and Dĩ An have been removed to accommodate urban development. A proposal to refurbish the line was presented in September 2007. The line would begin with a junction of the North–South Railway at Dĩ An station, and would end in Lộc Ninh, close to the Cambodian border. The railway's cost is estimated at US$438 million. In the same year, the Cambodian Ministry of Transportation announced plans to build a railway line to connect Loc Ninh to Phnom Penh, reportedly with Chinese assistance. The line would be part of the proposed Trans-Asian Railway. So far, the project will consist of 11 stations with the cost of 4,624 million Yuan to be financed by China.[34] [35]
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| Mụ Giạ–Vung Ang Railway | ?? | ?? | ||
Plans for a line connecting the Vietnamese railway network to Laos were originally researched at the turn of the 20th century. In the 1930s, a limited amount of work was done on a railway line connecting Tan Ap, south of Vinh on the North–South line, to Thakhek in Laos, where tin deposits were being exploited at the time. The first 17.5km (10.9miles) had been constructed west of Tan Ap by 1933, but construction was eventually abandoned due to poor economic forecasts. The completed line would have been 187km (116miles) long, travelling under the Mụ Giạ Pass via a tunnel.[36] In 2007, the Laotian Ministry of Transportation entered into discussion with Vietnam to discuss the possibility of completing the Thakhek–Tan Ap line, and adding an extension to Vung Ang, a port in Hà Tĩnh Province which the Vietnamese Government plans to expand. Both Laos and Thailand have expressed interest in the project as a shorter export gateway to the Pacific Ocean.[37] [38]
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| Description | Established | Length | Gauge | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phu Lang Thuong–Lạng Sơn | 1895[39] | 31km (19miles) | 600mm | ||
| A strategic line connecting Lạng Sơn to Phu Lang Thuong (now known as Bắc Giang), and the first railway line to be built in Tonkin. Construction took place from 1890 to 1895, costing around 20 million francs. Originally built at gauge, the line was converted to metre gauge and expanded south to Hanoi and north to the Chinese border at Dong Dang.[40] See Hanoi–Dong Dang Railway above. | |||||
| Cầu Giát – Nghĩa Đàn | — | 30km (20miles) | Metre gauge | ||
| An incomplete line that was abandoned before World War II, intended to serve quarries around the town of Nghia Dan. Some traces of the line still exist. | |||||
| Gia Dinh–Hoc Mon | ?? | 20km (10miles) | ?? | ||
| Originally built as a branch line to the Saigon–Cholon tramway,[41] the line fell into disrepair during World War II, and was completely dismantled during the First Indochina War. The line was originally intended to form a link between Saigon and Phnom Penh in Cambodia. | |||||
| Tan Ap–Thakhek | — | 17.5km (10.9miles) | Metre gauge? | ||
| An incomplete line branching off the North–South Railway towards Laos. See the proposed Mu Gia–Vung Ang line above. | |||||
| Don Dien Coudoux–Xom Cuc | 1960s | 17km (11miles) | Metre gauge | ||
| A strategic line built in the 1960s to accelerate the provision of logistical military support on the Ho Chi Minh trail, which began at Xom Cuc and continued south into the Mụ Giạ Pass. | |||||
| Đồng Đăng–Na Sam | ?? | 15km (09miles) | Metre gauge or 600mm | ||
| A strategic line branching off the Hanoi–Đồng Đăng Railway, following Colonial Road No. 4 towards Cao Bằng. Dismantled soon after the First Indochina War. | |||||
| Mai Pha–Dong | ?? | 7km (04miles) | Standard gauge | ||
| A branch line on the Hanoi–Đồng Đăng Railway, serving as a bypass of the town of Lạng Sơn to allow Chinese military trains to enter Vietnam during the Vietnam War. | |||||
| Trang Bom–Ap Thanh Lam | — | ?? | ?? | ||
| An incomplete line east of Saigon, near Xuân Lộc, intended to serve an area of rubber plantations. The line is indicated on certain detailed maps of the era. | |||||
