List of unproven and disproven cancer treatments explained

This is a non-exhaustive list of alternative treatments that have been promoted to treat or prevent cancer in humans but which lack scientific and medical evidence of effectiveness. In many cases, there is scientific evidence that the alleged treatments are not effective, and in some cases, may even be harmful. Unlike accepted cancer treatments, treatments lacking in evidence of efficacy are generally ignored or avoided by the medical community and are often pseudoscientific.[1]

Alternative health systems

Diet-based

Electromagnetic and energy-based

Hybrid

Plant- and fungus-based

Physical procedures

Spiritual and mental healing

Synthetic chemicals and other substances

See also

Notes and References

  1. Green S . Pseudoscience in Alternative Medicine: Chelation Therapy, Antineoplastons, The Gerson Diet and Coffee Enemas . Skeptical Inquirer . 21 . 5 . 1997 . 39.
  2. Web site: . Aromatherapy . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100905060445/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/aromatherapy . 5 September 2010 .
  3. Web site: Ayurvedic medicine. . 3 December 2018.
  4. 22957409. 2012. Cassileth. BR. Yarett. IR. Cancer quackery: The persistent popularity of useless, irrational 'alternative' treatments. 26. 8. 754–58. Oncology . Williston Park, New York.
  5. Web site: Alivazatos Greek Cancer Cure. www.quackwatch.org . Stephen. Barrett. 14 February 2005.
  6. Unproven methods of cancer management: Greek cancer cure. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 1990. 40. 6. 368–371. 10.3322/canjclin.40.6.368. 2121322. 38798364. free.
  7. Web site: Cancer Research UK . Herbal medicine . 2 February 2015.
  8. Web site: Holistic Medicine. January 2013 . American Cancer Society . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150328064229/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/holistic-medicine. 2015-03-28 . 14 May 2021.
  9. Web site: Homeopathy . American Cancer Society . 1 November 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130316003948/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/pharmacologicalandbiologicaltreatment/homeopathy . 16 March 2013.
  10. Web site: Native American healing . November 2008. American Cancer Society . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120121074658/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/native-american-healing. 2012-01-21 . 14 May 2021.
  11. Web site: Naturopathic Medicine . American Cancer Society . November 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150403092521/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/naturopathic-medicine . 2015-04-03 .
  12. Book: Aletheia . T.R. . Cancer : an American con$piracy . 2010 . 9781936400553 . 43 . Mill City Press, Incorporated . In the long run, the best diet to follow is one that promotes an alkaline pH using the 80/20 rule. The diet that best epitomizes this rule is the Edgar Cayce diet..
  13. Web site: Is an alkaline diet better for you? . Canadian Cancer Society.
  14. 23152069 . 2012 . Hübner. J. Marienfeld. S. Abbenhardt. C. Ulrich. CM. Löser. C. How useful are diets against cancer?. 137. 47. 2417–22. 10.1055/s-0032-1327276. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 76124925 .
  15. Web site: What is the Budwig diet?. Cancer Research UK. 12 June 2015 . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170509084652/http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/cancer-questions/what-is-the-budwig-diet. 9 May 2017.
  16. Book: American Cancer Society . American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies . https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse . registration . 2nd . 2009 . 9780944235713 . Russell J, Rovere A . Fasting.
  17. Web site: Réseau NACRe - Réseau National Alimentation Cancer Recherche - Rapport NACRe jeûne regimes restrictifs cancer 2017. www6.inra.fr. 19 September 2018. November 2017. fr-FR.
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  19. Web site: No proof 5:2 diet prevents cancer . nhs.uk . en . 3 October 2018.
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  21. Web site: Hall. Harriett . Harriet Hall. 18 August 2020. The Hallelujah Diet. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200818213322/https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/the-hallelujah-diet/?utm_source=feedly&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-hallelujah-diet . 18 August 2020. Science-Based Medicine.
  22. Grimes DR, O'Riordan E . Starving cancer and other dangerous dietary misconceptions . Lancet Oncol . 24 . 11 . 1177–1178 . November 2023 . 37922928 . 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00483-7 .
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  24. Book: Esko, Edward . Kushi, Michio . The macrobiotic approach to cancer: towards preventing and controlling cancer with diet and lifestyle . Avery Pub. Group . Wayne, N.J . 1991 . 978-0-89529-486-9.
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  27. Book: Butler, Kurt. 1992. A Consumer's Guide to "Alternative Medicine": A Close Look at Homeopathy, Acupuncture, Faith-healing, and Other Unconventional Treatments. Prometheus Books. 24–27 . 0-87975-733-7.
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  29. Book: Stare . FJ. Whelan . EM . 1998. Book review: The McDougall Program for Maximum Weight Loss by John A. McDougall M.D.. Fad-Free Nutrition. Hunter House. 202–03 . 9780897932363.
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  31. Web site: Food Controversies: Superfoods. Cancer Research UK. 15 February 2019. 19 August 2016.
  32. Web site: BioResonance Therapy. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. 29 May 2012.
  33. 1692368 . 1906. Kempf. EJ. European Medicine: A Résumé of Medical Progress During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. 3. 4. 231–48. Journal of the Medical Library Association. The electrohomeopathic system is an invention of Count Mattei who prates of 'red,' 'blue,' and 'green' electricity, a theory that, in spite of its utter idiocy, has attracted a considerable following and earned a large fortune for its chief promoter.. 18340885.
  34. Web site: Some Notes on the Quantum Xrroid (QXCI) and William C. Nelson. Stephen . Barrett . Stephen Barrett. July 2009. Quackwatch.
  35. Web site: Light Therapy. 14 April 2011. American Cancer Society. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120128212956/http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/light-therapy . 28 January 2012.
  36. Web site: American Cancer Society. Magnetic Therapy. 1 November 2008 . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130129052940/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/magnetic-therapy. 29 January 2013.
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  39. Web site: Rife machines and cancer . Cancer Research UK. 4 February 2013. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170905230210/http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/complementary-alternative-therapies/individual-therapies/rife-machine-and-cancer. 5 September 2017.
  40. Web site: Therapeutic Touch . April 2011. American Cancer Society.
  41. Web site: Zoetron Cell Specific Cancer Therapy. BBB Business Review. 14 September 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055224/http://www.bbb.org/mbc/business-reviews/occupational-health-and-safety/zoetron-cell-specific-cancer-therapy-in-penticton-bc-1143287. 21 September 2013. dead.
  42. Web site: Zoetron Therapy (Cell Specific Cancer Therapy) . Stephen . Barrett . Quackwatch . 1 March 2004.
  43. Web site: The Bizarre Claims of Hulda Clark . Stephen . Barrett . Quackwatch . 23 October 2009.
  44. Web site: Metabolic Therapies. . 14 February 2013 .
  45. Web site: Cancer Research UK . What Gerson therapy is . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120930225912/http://cancerhelp.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/gerson-therapy . 2012-09-30 . 2017-08-30 .
  46. Web site: Hoxsey Therapy. . 29 October 2012 .
  47. Web site: Cancer Research UK . Issels Treatment . 2017-08-30.
  48. News: Duped by the 'blood analyst' who says he can cure cancer . https://web.archive.org/web/20140331003551/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/10732023/Duped-by-the-blood-analyst-who-says-he-can-cure-cancer.html . dead . 31 March 2014 . Daily Telegraph . 30 March 2014 . Robert . Mendick.
  49. Web site: Livingston-Wheeler Therapy . American Cancer Society . 1 November 2008.
  50. Web site: Quackwatch . 16 March 2013 . Stay Away from Dr. Lorraine Day.
  51. Web site: Metabolic Therapies . . 14 February 2013.
  52. Web site: Alert Issued on Nieper Therapies . Quackwatch . 15 August 1986 . FDA Press Office .
  53. Web site: Black Cohosh. Cancer Research UK. 2017-08-30.
  54. Web site: Aloe. Cancer Research UK. 2017-08-30.
  55. 10.3322/canjclin.31.2.91. Laetrile: A Lesson in Cancer Quackery. 1981. Lerner. I. J.. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 31. 2. 91–95. 6781723. 28917628. free.
  56. News: Andrographis. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. 13 February 2013.
  57. Web site: Aveloz. American Cancer Society .
  58. Web site: Flower remedies. Cancer Research UK. 2017-08-30.
  59. Web site: . Novella S . Steven Novella . Where Are We With CBD? . 30 September 2020.
  60. Web site: Cannabis, cannabinoids and cancer – the evidence so far. Arney. Kat. 25 July 2012. Cancer Research UK. https://web.archive.org/web/20140211145440/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2012/07/25/cannabis-cannabinoids-and-cancer-the-evidence-so-far/. 11 February 2014. dead.
  61. Web site: Cannabis and Cannabinoids. National Cancer Institute. 2019-06-27.
  62. Web site: Cancer Salves. American Cancer Society. 7 March 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110410231511/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/manualhealingandphysicaltouch/cancer-salves. 10 April 2011.
  63. Web site: Capsicum . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100730042555/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/capsicum. 30 July 2010 . American Cancer Society .
  64. 10.1159/000193025. Carctol: Profit before Patients?. 2009. Ernst. Edzard. Breast Care. 4. 31–33. 20877681. 1. 2942009.
  65. Web site: Cassava. November 2008. American Cancer Society. 22 September 2013.
  66. Web site: Castor Oil . March 2011 . American Cancer Society . 22 September 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130209065404/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/manualhealingandphysicaltouch/castor-oil . 9 February 2013 .
  67. Web site: Chaparral. Cancer Research UK. 18 January 2019.
  68. Web site: Chlorella . 29 April 2011 . American Cancer Society . 13 September 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130905235019/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/chlorella . 5 September 2013 .
  69. Web site: Cancer Research UK . Echinacea . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120930001037/http://cancerhelp.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/echinacea . 2012-09-30 . 2017-08-30 .
  70. Web site: Ellagic acid . American Cancer Society . November 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140716160502/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/dietandnutrition/ellagic-acid. 16 July 2014.
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  72. Web site: Hall H . Harriet Hall . . Avemar: Wheat Germ for Cancer . 31 August 2021.
  73. Web site: Ginger . American Cancer Society . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100708220705/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/ginger . 8 July 2010.
  74. Web site: Ginseng . November 2008. American Cancer Society . 19 September 2013.
  75. Web site: . Glyconutrients . 11 October 2012 .
  76. Web site: Goldenseal . American Cancer Society . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100714003713/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/goldenseal . 14 July 2010.
  77. Web site: Gotu Kola . American Cancer Society . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120330025312/http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/gotu-kola . 30 March 2012 . 28 November 2008.
  78. Web site: Grapes . 1 November 2008. American Cancer Society . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111121235315/http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/DietandNutrition/grapes. 21 November 2011.
  79. 10.3748/wjg.14.511. Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells . 2008 . Youn . Myung-Ja . World Journal of Gastroenterology. 14. 4. 511–7 . 18203281 . Kim . JK . Park . SY . Kim . Y . Kim . SJ . Lee . JS . Chai . KY . Kim . HJ . Cui . MX. 2681140 . So . HS. Kim. KY. Park. R . free .
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  81. 19947351. 2009. Cassileth. B. Juice Plus . 23 . 11 . 987. Oncology . Williston Park, New York).
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  83. Web site: Kombucha . . 22 May 2014 .
  84. Book: Dasgupta A . Effects of Herbal Supplements on Clinical Laboratory Test Results . Chapter 11: Toxic and Dangerous Herbs . 2011 . Walter de Gruyter . 978-3-11-024561-5 . 111.
  85. Book: Bryant . BJ. Knights . KM . Pharmacology for Health Professionals . Chapter 3: Over-the-counter Drugs and Complementary Therapies . 2011 . Elsevier Australia. 978-0-7295-3929-6 . 78 . Kombucha has been associated with illnesses and death. A tea made from Kombucha is said to be a tonic, but several people have been hospitalised and at least one woman died after taking this product. The cause could not be directly linked to Kombucha, but several theories were offered, e.g. The tea might have reacted with other medications that the woman was taking, or bacteria might grow in the Kombucha liquid and, in patients with suppressed immunity, might prove to be fatal. . 3rd.
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  90. Web site: Moxibustion . American Cancer Society . 8 March 2011 .
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  97. Web site: American Cancer Society . Indian Snakeroot . https://web.archive.org/web/20130508051132/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/indian-snakeroot . 8 May 2013 . November 2008.
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  99. Web site: Saw Palmetto. 28 November 2008. American Cancer Society. 13 September 2013.
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  105. Web site: 12 September 2011. Cat's Claw. American Cancer Society.
  106. Web site: Venus Flytrap. November 2008. American Cancer Society. 22 September 2013.
  107. Web site: American Cancer Society. April 2011. Black Walnut.
  108. Web site: Wheatgrass. American Cancer Society. November 2008.
  109. Web site: Wild Yam. November 2008. American Cancer Society. 21 September 2013.
  110. Web site: Lance . Steven . 2020-12-17 . The Secret Formula . 2022-12-30 . The Atavist Magazine . en-US.
  111. Book: American Cancer Society . American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies . https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse . registration . 2nd . 2009 . 9780944235713 . Russell J, Rovere A . 156–59 . Acupuncture.
  112. Web site: Applied Kinesiology. American Cancer Society. November 2008.
  113. Web site: Chiropractic . American Cancer Society . March 2011.
  114. Web site: Craniosacral therapy. American Cancer Society. December 2012.
  115. Web site: Colon Therapy . American Cancer Society . November 2008.
  116. Web site: Cupping. November 2008. 4 October 2013. American Cancer Society.
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  122. Web site: Shiatsu. Cancer Research UK. 2017-08-30.
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  124. Web site: Faith Healing. American Cancer Society. January 2013.
  125. Web site: Hypnosis. November 2008. American Cancer Society. 22 September 2013.
  126. Web site: Meditation. American Cancer Society. November 2008.
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  163. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=801.415 Code of Federal Regulations Title 21
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  166. Book: American Cancer Society . American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies . https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse . registration . 2nd . 2009 . 9780944235713 . Russell J, Rovere A . 804–07 . Poly-MVA.
  167. Book: American Cancer Society . American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies . https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse . registration . 2nd . 2009 . 9780944235713 . Russell J, Rovere A . 807–810 . Pregnenolone .
  168. Web site: FDA cracks down on 'illegal' cancer treatments . CNN . 27 April 2017 . Tinker B.
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