List of proxy wars explained

This is a list of proxy wars. Major powers have been highlighted in bold. A proxy war is defined as "a war fought between groups of smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these".

Pre-World War I proxy wars

WarDatesCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Sicilian Expedition415–413 BCAthens
In support of:
Segesta
Supported by:
Delian League		SpartaCorinth
In support of:
Syracuse
Supported by:
Peloponnesian League		Spartan-Corinthian-Syracusian victory
Egyptian–Ottoman War1839–1841Egypt-aligned powers:
Egypt
France
Spain		Allied powers:
British Empire
Austrian Empire
Russian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia
Ottoman Empire		Compromise
Uruguayan Civil War1839–1851 Colorados
Unitarian Party

Italian Legion
France
 Blancos
Colorado victory
First Samoan Civil War1886–1894 Tamasese
German Empire		 Mata'afansSupported by:
United States		Stalemate
Second Samoan Civil War1898–1899 Mata'afans
German Empire		 Samoa
United Kingdom
United States		Stalemate
Venezuelan crisis of 1902–19031902–1903 United Kingdom
[1]
Italy
----Supported by:
Spain
Mexico
Belgium
Netherlands		 Venezuela
----Supported by:
Argentina

United States

Compromise
Somaliland campaign1910–1920 Dervish State----Supported by:


(1913–1916)		[2]

----Supported by:

Sultanate of Hobyo		Collapse of the Dervish State

Inter-war period proxy wars

WarDatesCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Finnish Civil War1918[3] [4] FinlandWhite Guard----Supported by:
Red Guards----Supported by:
Finnish Whites victory
Revolutions and interventions in Hungary1918–1920
Kingdom of Romania


France
Kingdom of Hungary
 Hungarian Democratic Republic
Hungarian Republic of Councils
Slovak Soviet Republic----Supported by:
Russian SFSR[5] [6] 		Hungarian defeat
Turkish War of Independence1919–1923
[7] [8]


Istanbul Government[9]
[10]
Ankara Government----Supported by:
[11]
(alleged)
Turkish victory[12] [13] [14]
Chinese Civil War1927–1937, 1945–1950[15] [16] KMT
NRA----Supported by:
(1929–33)
(1933–37)
 CPC
PLA----Supported by:
Communist victory on the mainland and then diplomatic field in 1971, Taiwan Strait stalemate
Chaco War1932–1935----Supported by:
Standard Oil (alleged)[17] 		----Supported by:
[18] [19] [20] [21]
Royal Dutch Shell (alleged)		Paraguayan victory
Spanish Civil War1936–1939[22] [23] Nationalists----Supported by:

Nazi Germany

 Republicans----Supported by:
Soviet Union
Mexico[24]

France (1936)[25]

Nationalist victory

Cold War proxy wars

See main article: List of conflicts related to the Cold War.

WarDatesCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Chinese Civil War1944–1949[26] CPC
PLA----Supported by:
 KMT
NRA----Supported by:
United States		Communist victory on the mainland and then diplomatic field in 1971, Taiwan Strait stalemate
Iran crisis of 19461945–1946 Azerbaijan People's Republic
Republic of MahabadSupported by:
 Imperial State of Iran
Supported by:
United States		Iranian victory
Greek Civil War1946–1949[27] [28] Greek communists (Democratic Army of Greece, National Liberation Front, Greek People's Liberation Army, Communist Party of Greece)----Supported by:
Albania

----Supported by:
United Kingdom
United States
Kingdom of Greece victory
First Indochina War1946–1954[29] [30] Khmer Issarak[31]
Pathet Lao[32]
Viet Minh----Supported by:
China

[33]
[34] [35]
State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Cambodia (1953–1954)
(1953–1954)----Supported by:
United States		DR Vietnam-allied victory
Paraguayan Civil War1947 Liberal Party
Febrerista Revolutionary Concentration
Paraguayan Communist Party----Supported by:
 Paraguayan Government
Military of Paraguay
Colorado Party----Supported by:
United States
Argentina		Government/Military and Colorado Party victory
Malayan Emergency1948–1960Communist forces:
Malayan Communist Party

Supported by:
[36]
People's Republic of China[37] [38] [39]
Indonesia
[40] [41] [42]

Anti-communist forces:
Commonwealth of Nations

Supported by:
United States---- Thailand (Thai–Malay border)

Commonwealth military victory
Korean War1950–1953[43] [44] [45] [46] [47]
China
----Supported by:

[48]


[49]

Mongolia

United States----Supported by:
Australia
Belgium

Canada
Colombia
Commonwealth of Nations[50]
Cuba
Denmark[51]



India (Medical support)
Israel[52]
Italy[53]
Luxembourg
Netherlands

New Zealand
Norway[54]
Philippines

Spain[55]
Sweden[56]
Switzerland[57]
Thailand
Turkey
United Kingdom		Stalemate
Mau Mau Uprising1952–1960Kenya Land and Freedom Army----Supported by:
 United Kingdom

----Supported by:
United States

British victory
Second Indochina War (Vietnam War)1953–1975[58] [59] [60] [61] [62]
Viet Cong and PRG
Pathet Lao
GRUNK (1970–1975)
Khmer Rouge
China

[63] ----Supported by:

Cuba[64] [65]

[66]



Sweden[67] [68]
United States

Australia
New Zealand

Kingdom of Cambodia (1967–1970)
Khmer Republic (1970–1975)
Thailand
Philippines[69] ----Supported by:
Brazil
Malaysia
North Vietnamese and Viet Cong/PRG victory
First Taiwan Strait Crisis1954–1955 People's Republic of China----Supported by:
 Republic of China
United States		Stalemate
First Sudanese Civil War1955–1972 United Kingdom (1955–1956)
Egypt (1955–1956)
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
(1955–1956)
Republic of the Sudan
(1956–1969)
Democratic Republic of the Sudan
(1969–1972)----Supported by:
[70] 		Southern Sudan Liberation Movement

Equatorial Corps (1955–1963)
----Supported by:
[71]
Uganda[72]
Israel[73]

Stalemate
Suez Crisis1956–1957[74] Egypt

----Supported by:

United States

Italy
China


Israel
United Kingdom
----		Territory unchanged. French and UK power in area weakened
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis1958 People's Republic of China----Supported by:
 Republic of China
United States		Stalemate
1958 Lebanon crisis1958 Lebanese Opposition:

----Supported by:

Egypt

 Lebanese Government
United States		President Camille Chamoun steps down and Major General Fouad Chehab is elected to succeed him
1959 Tibetan uprising1959–1962[75]

Supported by:
[76]
United States[77]

Kingdom of Nepal[78]
[79]

Uprising suppressed
Central American crisis1960–1996[80] EGP
FAR
ORPA
PGT
URNG
FSLN

FMLN (CRM)
Nicaragua[81] (1979–90)----Supported by
[82]
Cuba[83]
Mexico[84]
Libya[85] [86]
Romania (before 1989)
Zapatista Army of National Liberation
Sweden[87] [88]
Costa Rica
Bulgaria[89]
China[90]

Guatemala
ESA
White Hand
and other paramilitary groups Somoza government

Contras (1981–90)
Salvadoran military government
----Supported by
United States[91]
Saudi Arabia
Honduras
Chile
Argentina
Panama
Israel[92]
[93]

Congo Crisis1960–19651960–62:
Stanleyville government----1964–65:
Simba and Kwilu rebels----Supported by:


Cuba
Egypt
FLN
Algeria
Republic of the Congo
Tanzania
Burundi
1960–63:

----1964–65:
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Supported by:
United States
Belgium
France

South Africa

The Congo established as an independent unitary state under the authoritarian presidency of Mobutu Sese Seko
Portuguese Colonial War1960–1974[94] Portugal----Supported by:
South Africa

Malawi[95]
Spain
 FLEC
FNLA
FRELIMO
MPLA
PAIGC
UNITA----Supported by:
China
Cuba
France

United States

Algeria

Zambia
Tunisia
Senegal
Guinea
Congo-Brazzaville
Libya
Yugoslavia
Bulgaria
Liberia
Egypt

Brazil		End of the Portuguese Empire
First Iraqi–Kurdish War1961–1970 Republic of Iraq
Ba'athist IraqSupported by:
Syria[96] 		KDP
Supported by:
Iran
Israel[97] 		Stalemate
Eritrean War of Independence1961–1974 ELF
Supported by:
Libya[98] [99]
(until 1977)
Cuba[100] [101]
(until 1974)
[102] [103]
Iraq[104] [105]
Tunisia[106] [107] [108]
Saudi Arabia[109] [110]
Somalia[111]
Sudan[112] 		Ethiopian Empire (until 1974)
Supported by:
(until 1974)
Stalemate
1974–1991 Derg (1974–1987)
PDRE (1987–1991)
Supported by:
Cuba[113] [114] [115] [116] (1974–1989)
[117] [118] [119] (1974–1990)
 EPLF
TPLF
Supported by:
China[120] [121]
Sudan
Libya
(1977–1991)

(May 1991)[122]
Somalia
EPLF victory
North Yemen Civil War1962–1970
Egypt[123] ----Supported by:
 Kingdom of Yemen
Saudi Arabia
----Supported by:
Jordan[124]
United Kingdom
Republican victory
Dhofar Rebellion1962–1976 DLF (1962–1968)
PFLOAG (1968–1974)
NDFLOAG (1969–1971)
PFLO (1974–1976)
----Supported by:
China

South Yemen
 Oman[125]
Supported by:
Iran

Saudi Arabia
United Kingdom
Jordan
Egypt
Pakistan

Omani government victory
Sarawak Communist Insurgency1962–1990Communist forces:
North Kalimantan Communist Party[126]
  • Sarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF)[127]
  • North Kalimantan People's Army (NKPA)

---- Indonesia (1962–65) (troops aid)
Other support:
Brunei People's Party

  • North Kalimantan National Army (NKNA)

Supported by:
China

Anti-communist forces:
United Kingdom[128]

Malaysia

  • (after 1963)

Supported by:
Australia

New Zealand
United States---- Indonesia (after 1965) (Indo-Malay border)

Stalemate
Aden Emergency1963–1967 NLF
FLOSY
----Supported by
Egypt
Yemen Arab Republic
 United Kingdom

----Supported by

NLF victory
Rhodesian Bush War1964–1979 ZANLA (ZANU)
FRELIMO[129] (until 25 June 1975)
Mozambique (from 25 June 1975)----Supported by:
China[130]
Libya
[131] ---- ZIPRA (ZAPU)
MK (ANC)[132] ----Supported by:

Zambia
Cuba
----FROLIZI
 Rhodesia
(until 1 June 1979)
Zimbabwe Rhodesia
(from 1 June 1979)
----Supported by:
South Africa
Portugal
(until 1974)
Stalemate
Dominican Civil War1965 Constitutionalists
Dominican Revolutionary Party[133] ----Supported by:

Cuba		 Dominican Republic
United States
Inter-American Peace Force 		Loyalist victory
Chadian Civil War1965–1979 FROLINAT
GUNT
Libya----Supported by:

 Chad
France----Supported by:
United States
Communist insurgency in Thailand1965–1983 Communist Party of Thailand
Thai United Patriotic Front
Pathet Lao[135] [136]
Khmer Rouge (until 1978)
Malayan Communist Party[137] ----Supported by:
(until 1976)
(from 1976)
China (from 1971)



 Thailand

(until July 1967)

United States----Supported by:

Thai government victory
Bolivian Campaign1966–1967Ejército de Liberación Nacional
Cuba----Supported by:


Bolivian government victory
Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969)1966–1969----Supported by:

China		 South Korea
South Korean–American victory
South African Border War1966–1990African nationalist forces:
PLAN (SWAPO)
SWANU
----Supported by:
Cuba[139]
MPLA[140]
[141]
[142]
[143] [144]
Bulgaria[145] [146]
[147] [148]
[149]
Libya[150]
Kenya[151]
[152]
[153]
Brazil
Mexico		Anti-communist forces:
South Africa

Supported by:
UNITA[154]
United States

Portugal (until 1975)

Stalemate
Nigerian Civil War1967–1970 Nigeria
----Supported by:
United Kingdom

United States

Sudan
Chad
Niger

Saudi Arabia
Algeria[155]
Bulgaria[156]
----Supported by:
South Africa
Portugal[157]
France
[158] [159]
[160] [161] [162]
Gabon
Ivory Coast
Zambia

Haiti		Nigerian victory
Years of Lead1968–1982Far-left terrorist groups:
Red Brigades
Front Line
October 22 Group
PAC
Continuous Struggle
PO-AOSupported by:
(alleged)		 Italian Government

Supported by:
United States----Far-right terrorist groups:
National Vanguard
Black Order
NAR
Third Position
Supported by:
United States (alleged)

Far-left and far-right terrorist groups dismantled
Communist insurgency in Malaysia1968–1989Communist forces:
Malayan Communist Party

----Supported by:
China[163]

Anti-communist forces:
Malaysia[164]
Thailand[165] [166] ----Supported by:
United Kingdom[167]
Australia
New Zealand
United States		Peace agreement reached
Operation Condor1968–1989Left-wing governments and opponents to the military juntas in South America.----Supported by:
Poland
Spain		 Chile
Argentina
Brazil

Paraguay
Uruguay----Supported by:
United States
Peru
Ecuador
Colombia
Al-Wadiah War1969----Supported by:

 Saudi Arabia
----Supported by:
United States
Saudi victory
Bangladesh Liberation War1971----Supported by:
United States
China
France
United Kingdom
Turkey

Jordan
 Bangladesh
India
----Supported by:

Israel
Indian–Bangladeshi victory
Yemenite War of 19721972
National Democratic Front
----Supported by:

Cuba


Libya
----Supported by:
Saudi Arabia
Jordan
United States

United Kingdom

Cairo Agreement
Angolan Civil War1974–2002 MPLA
SWAPO
MK
Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)----Supported by:
[168] (until 1991)
Cuba
[169]
Mozambique[170]
[171]
(until 1989)

[172] (until 1989)
Guyana
Portugal[173]
(until 1989)
India

Brazil
Mexico		 UNITA
FNLA
FLEC----Supported by:
United States
[174]
South Africa
Zambia[175]
Morocco[176]

Egypt
France
Belgium
(from 1987)


(until 1979)
MPLA victory
Ethiopian Civil War1974–1991 People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia----Supported by:
[177] [178]

Libya


(until 1990)[179]
Bulgaria
(1987–1991)[180] 		Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front----Supported by:
United States
United Kingdom
China
(until 1990)
Germany (from 1990)
Saudi Arabia
Israel
EPLF/TPLF rebel victory
Lebanese Civil War1975–1990 LNM (until 1982)
Jammoul (from 1982)
PLO----Supported by:
Iraq
Libya
Algeria---- Amal Movement---- Hezbollah
(from 1985)
(From 1980, mainly IRGC and Artesh paramilitary units)----Supported by:
----Islamic Unification Movement (from 1982)----		 LF
AFL (until 1977)
SLA (from 1976)
Israel (from 1978)
----Tigers Militia (until 1980)----Marada Brigades (left LF in 1978; aligned with Syria)---- Lebanon
UNIFIL (from 1978)
Multinational Force in Lebanon (1982–1984)

France---- Arab Deterrent Force (1976–1987)
(1976, and from 1983)----Neutral Parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation
Kurds		Stalemate
Indonesian occupation of East Timor1975–1999 (CNRM, later CNRT)

Supported by:
Portugal
(until 1991)
Libya
Free Aceh Movement
China

 Indonesia

Supported by:
United States
Australia
United Kingdom
Canada
Israel[181]
Shaba I1977 Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)
Supported by:
Angola
Cuba

Supported by:
United States[182]
China[183]
Sudan
Morocco
Egypt
France
Belgium		Zairian victory
Ogaden War1977–1978 Ethiopia----Supported by:
Cuba



 Somalia
WSLF----Supported by:
China
Egypt
Socialist Republic of Romania		Ethiopian victory
Cambodian-Vietnamese War1977–1991 (VPA)
KUFNS
People's Republic of Kampuchea (KPRAF) (after 10 January 1979)
State of Cambodia (CPAF) (1989)----Supported by:

 Democratic Kampuchea (RAK)----Supported by:

----Post invasion:
CGDK:

----Supported by:
China
United States (non-combat support)
United Kingdom (non-combat support)----Spillover conflict:
Thailand (border clashes)

Vietnamese/People's Republic of Kampuchea victory
Mozambican Civil War1977–1992 FRELIMO----Supported by:
Malawi
Zimbabwe (from 1980)

(until 1991)
Bulgaria
Cuba
Brazil		 RENAMO----Supported by:

South Africa[184]
Malawi
United States
Stalemate
Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict1977–1997 Bangladesh Shanti Bahini
Supported by:
India[185] [186] 		Stalemate
Shaba II1978 Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)----Supported by
Angola
Cuba (alleged)
(alleged)		----Supported by:
France
Belgium
United States		Zairian victory; mutual end of support for other nations' rebel groups
Uganda–Tanzania War1978–1979
UNLA
Mozambique		 Uganda

PLO[187] [188] 		Tanzanian victory
NDF Rebellion1978–1982 NDF
----Supported by:



Islamic Front
----Supported by:
United States
Saudi Arabia
Government victory
Chadian–Libyan War1978–1987 Libya

Chadian rebels

----Supported by:

 Chad

France
[190] ----Supported by:
United States[191]
Egypt
Sudan

Ceasefire
  • Libyan victory (first phase)
  • Chadian-French victory (second phase)
Yemenite War of 19791979
National Democratic Front
----Supported by:

Cuba


Libya
----Supported by:
Saudi Arabia
Jordan
United States

Iraq
Egypt
Stalemate
Soviet–Afghan War1979–1989 Soviet Union
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan----Supported by:
India[192] [193]
Sunni Mujahideen:

----Supported by:
Pakistan[194]
United States[195] [196] [197] [198]
United Kingdom[199] [200]
China[201]
Saudi Arabia[202] [203]
[204]
United Kingdom[205]
Turkey[206]
Egypt[207]
France
Israel[208]
Japan
Libya----Shia Mujahedeen

----Supported by:
----Small Maoist groups:

----Supported by:
Sri Lanka
United Arab Emirates
Jordan
Malaysia

Mujahideen victory
Sino-Vietnamese War1979----Supported by:

Stalemate
Ethiopian–Somali Border War1982 Ethiopia
Somali rebels
Supported by:
Cuba[209]

Somalia
Supported by:
United States[210] 		Stalemate
Sri Lankan Civil War1983–2009 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam----Supported by:
Libya
India (until 1987)[211] [212] [213] [214]

----Supported by:
Sri Lankan Government victory
Thai–Laotian Border War1987–1988
----Supported by
Soviet Union		----Supported by
United States
Stalemate
Afghan Civil War1989–1992 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan----Supported by
Soviet Union (until 1991)		 Mujahideen----Supported by
United States
Pakistan
China[215]
Saudi Arabia		Afghan mujahideen victory

Modern proxy wars

WarDatesCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Angolan Civil War1974–2002 UNITA
FNLA
FLEC----Supported by:
United States

Zambia
Morocco
(until 1997)
Egypt
France
Belgium
(from 1987)


Pakistan
 MPLA
SWAPO
MK
FNLC----Supported by:
Cuba

(until 1992)
Guyana
Portugal
India

Kazakhstan (from 1996)
Slovakia (from 1993)
Brazil

Kyrgyzstan
Mexico		MPLA victory
Indonesian occupation of East Timor1975–1999 Indonesia

Supported by:
United States
Australia
United Kingdom
Canada

 (CNRM, later CNRT)

Supported by:
Portugal
Libya
Free Aceh Movement

China
Insurgency in Laos1975–2008 Laos

----Supported by:
Vietnam
(to 1976)
(to 1978)

Hmong insurgents
  • Laotian Hmong
  • Thai Hmong

Ethnic Liberation Organization of Laos
(1984–2008)
United Front for the Liberation of Laos (1980–2008)
<

---Laos based organization branch--->---- Royal Lao Democratic Government (1982)----Chao Fa (to 1984)
Lao National Liberation Front
Lao United Independence Front
Free Democratic Lao National Salvation Force
National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (1979–1983: limited involv.) ----Supported by:
China (PRC) (to 1988) <		---http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/lima/laos1977.htm--->
[216]
Democratic Kampuchea (to 1979)
Khmer Rouge (1980 to 1981)
Party of Democratic Kampuchea (1981 to 1990)
Thailand (Rightists: early to mid-1980s) (Hmong: to 1990)
United States (Hmong: 1990)
Neo Hom (support, 1981–2008)[217] [218] <		---American exiled USA branch--->
Royal Lao Government in Exile
Various Hmong exiles
Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict1977–1997 Bangladesh Shanti BahiniSupported by:
India		Stalemate
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict1988–2024 Armenia

Supported by:
[219] [220]
Greece[221] 		Azerbaijan
Supported by:
Pakistan[222] [223]
Kyrgyzstan[224]
Turkey[225] [226] [227]
Israel[228] [229] [230]
Ukraine[231] 		Azerbaijani victory
Afghan Civil War1989–1992 Mujahideen----Supported by
United States
Pakistan
China
Saudi Arabia		 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan----Supported by
Russia		Afghan mujahideen victory
Transnistria War1990–1992----Supported by:
Romania		----Supported by
Russia
Ukraine		Russo–Transnistrian victory
Georgian Civil War1991–1993 Gamsakhurdia's government State Council

South Ossetian Separatists
Abkhaz separatists
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus

  • Gamsakhurdia government expunged
  • Abkhazian and South Ossetian separatists gain control of most of their claims
  • State Council takes control of Georgia proper
  • Georgia joins the Commonwealth of Independent States
Yugoslav Wars1991–2001 Slovenia


Supported by:
Turkey[232]
Pakistan
[233]
Saudi Arabia---- Croatia
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
Supported by:
Albania---- National Liberation Army		 SFR Yugoslavia (before 1992)
(from 1992)

AP Western Bosnia
Republic of Serbian Krajina
Supported by:
[234] [235]
Greece[236] ----
Supported by:
Ukraine[237] [238] [239] (main arms supply)
Bulgaria
Breakup of Yugoslavia and the formation of independent successor states
Tajikistani Civil War1992–1997United Tajik Opposition

Islamic State of Afghanistan
Taliban factions[241]
Supported by:
al-Qaeda[242]
Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (IRP)
Pakistan

 Tajikistan
----Supported by:

Uzbekistan[243]
Kyrgyzstan
Stalemate
Second Afar insurgency1995–2018 ARDUF
Supported by:
Eritrea		RSADO
DMLEK
EPLF
ESF
SPDM
Supported by:
Ethiopia
First Congo War1996–1997
UNITA[244]
ALiR
Interahamwe
Supported by:
France[245] 		AFDL
Uganda
Rwanda[246]
Supported by:
[247]
Burundi[248]
Angola
Mai-Mai
Bahunde
Nande
SPLA
Decisive AFDL victory
Nepalese Civil War1996–2006 Kingdom of Nepal
Supported by:
India

 Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Supported by:


India

Comprehensive Peace Accord
Second Republic of the Congo Civil War1997–1999 Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo (to October 1997)
Cocoye Militia
Ninja Militia
Nsiloulou Militia
[249] [250] ----Supported by:
UNITA (alleged)[251] 		Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo (from October 1997)
Cobra Militia
Rwandan Hutu Militia
Angola
Chad----Supported by:
France[252]
Cuba (alleged)
Mobutu Sese Seko Loyalists (alleged)		Nguesso loyalist victory
Guinea-Bissau Civil War1998–1999 Guinea-Bissau
Senegal[253]
Guinea[254]
Supported by:
France[255]
Portugal		 Military rebels
Supported by:
MFDC		Ousting of President João Bernardo Vieira
First Ivorian Civil War2002–2007
UNOIC
Young Patriots of Abidjan militia
Liberian mercenaries
Supported by:
[256]
[257]
Stalemate
War in Darfur2003–2020 SRF

Supported by:
[260]
Chad (2005–2010)
Eritrea (until 2008)
Libya (until 2011)[261]
United States
Uganda (until 2015)[262]

 Government of Sudan

Supported by:
China
(until 2016)

Iraqi insurgency2011–2014----Supported by:

Shi'a factions:

Badr BrigadesSoldiers of Heaven
Other militias----Supported by:
[264] [265]

Stalemate
First Libyan Civil War2011–2011 Anti-Gaddafi forces----Supported by:
Qatar
NATO
United States
France
United Kingdom
Italy
Sudan
Canada
Turkey
Netherlands
Spain
United Arab Emirates
Greece
Romania
Norway
Denmark
Portugal
Belgium
Tunisia
Switzerland

Sweden
Jordan		 Libya----Supported by:
Belarus
Algeria
Zimbabwe
Cuba

PLO

South Africa
Nicaragua

Namibia
Ecuador
Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon2012–2017

Supported by:
Australia[266]
Canada[267]
Cyprus[268]
Czech Republic[269]
France
Pakistan
Germany[270]
Italy[271]
Jordan[272]
[273]
Saudi Arabia[274]
[275]
Spain[276]
Turkey[277]
United Kingdom[278] [279]
United States

Pro-Syrian government militias:

Supported by:
[288]
[289]
[290] ----Other militias:

Lebanese government and pro-Syrian government victory
Second Libyan Civil War2014–2020 Libyan National Army
Supported by:
[294]
Belarus[295]
Egypt[296] [297] [298]
Algeria[299]
Greece
United Arab Emirates
[300]
[301] [302] 		Government of National Accord
Supported by:
Sudan[303]
(alleged)[304]
(alleged)
[305]
United States[306]
United Kingdom
Qatar
Ceasefire

Ongoing proxy wars

WarDatesCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Chinese Civil War1927–present (de jure)

----Supported by:

----Supported by:

  • (1927–1961)
  • (1991–present)
Ongoing
Xinjiang conflict1931–presentETPRP
(1969–1989)
URFET
(1969–1989) East Turkestan Independence movement

----Supported by:
Soviet Union (1969–1989)[307] [308]
Mongolian People's Republic (1960–1989)



[309] [310]

 (1931–1954) People's Republic of China (1949–present)----[311]

Ongoing
Israeli-Palestinian conflict1948–present

----Supported by:
Egypt (1948–78)
Iraq

Cuba[312]
Algeria
[313] (until 1991)
Lebanon

 Israel
----Supported by:
United States
United Kingdom
France (until 1967)
[314]
[315]
[316]
(since 1978)[317] 		Ongoing
Balochistan conflict1948–presentBaloch separatist groups

Supported by:
India
(until 1988)
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (until 1990)
Iraq (1970s)[318]
----Sectarian groups
Jundallah[319] [320]
Jaish ul-Adl
Jundallah (Pakistan)
al-Qaeda
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
Sipah-e-Sahaba

 Pakistan

Supported by:

[321] ----[322]

  • Imperial Army (until 1979)
  • Artesh (since 1979)
  • IRGC (since 1980)
Ongoing
Internal conflict in Myanmar1948–present Myanmar

----Supported by:
India
China[323]
Israel[324] (formerly)[325]
[326]
Philippines

(until 1988)

Opposition forces
ABSDF
Arakan Army
DKBA-5
KNU

KIO

MNDAA
SSAN
SSAS
TNLA
UWSP

...and others----Supported by:
United States (1951–1953)
Thailand
China[327]
Republic of China (1950–1961)[328]

Ongoing
Papua conflict1962–present Indonesia----Supported by:
Australia[329] [330] [331]
Fiji
Papua New Guinea		 Free Papua Movement----Supported by:
Vanuatu
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Senegal		Ongoing
Insurgency in Northeast India1963–presentACF
ATTF
BKI
DHD (until 2013)
GNLA
HNLC
HuM
IRF
KCP
KLNLF
KLO
KYKL
MULTA
NDFB
NLFT
NSCN-IM
PLA
PREPAK
ULFA
UNLF
ZRA----Supported by:





----Supported by:

(1963–1991)

Ongoing
Naxalite–Maoist insurgency1967–present India

Supported by:
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Myanmar----Militias: (until 2011)[332]

 Naxalites:

----Supported by:
Pakistan[339]
China[340] [341]

Mongolia
Indonesia
Afghanistan (until 2021)
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Algeria
Bahrain
Chad
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Eritrea
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mali (from 2023)
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Qatar

Saudi Arabia
Somalia

Sudan

Tunisia
United Arab Emirates
Western Sahara
ULFA[342]
NSCN
CPN (Maoist)
LTTE (until 2009)
NPA[343]
PBSP[344]
CIC (until 1977)
CPN (Maoist) (2014)[345]
CCP (Maoist) (until 1976)

Ongoing
Civil conflict in the Philippines1969–presentCommunist forces:
Communist Party

---- Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)[347]
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) (until 2014)
MRLO[348]
Ampatuan militias[349] ----Supported by:
Malaysia (to MNLF and MILF)[350] [351]
(1969–1976,[352] alleged continued support)
(1980s–2011)[353] [354] (to MNLF and NPA)[355] [356] [357] [358] [359]
[360] [361]
(1980s)

Anti-communist forces:
Philippines

----Supported by:
United States[363]

Ongoing
Cabinda War1975–present FLEC

----Supported by:
France[364]
(until 1997)[365]
Belgium[366]
World League for Freedom and Democracy
China (alleged)

 Angola
----Supported by:
UNITA[367]
Cuba
(until 1989)
(until 1989)[368] [369]
Brazil		Ongoing
Civil conflict in Turkey1976–presentTAK
TKP/ML-TİKKO
MKP-HKO-PHG
Maoist Party
Maoist Party Centre
THKO
Devrimci Yol
Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front----Supported by:
[370]
China[371]
ASALA[372] (1970s–1988)
[373] [374] [375]
Greece[376] [377]
Cyprus
[378] [379]
Iraq (until 2003)[380]
Libya (until 2011)[381] 		Turkey----Supported by:
Ongoing
Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict1979–present Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Bahrain
Jordan
Egypt
Qatar
Yemen (
Kuwait
March 14 Alliance
Morocco
Iraq
Israel


People's Mujahedin of Iran
National Council of Iran
Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
Jaish ul-Adl
Kurdistan Free Life Party
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan
Ahvaz National Resistance
Tahrir al-Sham
Al-Nusra Front
Palestinian National Authority
ASLMA
Kurdistan Freedom Party
Naqshbandi Army
Free Iraqi Army
Sadrist Movement
Lebanese Forces
Future Movement
Libyan National Army

Supported by:

Greece
Azerbaijan
Somalia
Senegal
Tajikistan
United States
United Kingdom
Turkey
Sudan
Nigeria




Iraq
Yemen
Libya
Lebanon
Hezbollah Al-Hejaz
Organization for the Islamic Revolution in the Arabian Peninsula
Liwa Fatemiyoun

Popular Mobilization Forces
Al-Ashtar Brigades
Al-Mukhtar Brigades
Hezbe Wahdat
Hamas
Husseiniyoun
Muslim Brotherhood
Liwa Zainebiyoun
Islamic Movement of Nigeria
Polisario Front
Taliban
March 8 Alliance
National Defence Forces
February 14 Youth Coalition
Government of National Accord

Supported by:
China



Sudan

Cuba
Oman
Turkey

Ongoing
Internal conflict in Peru1980–present Shining Path----
MRTA (until 1997)----Supported by:
Cuba[382]
Libya (until 2011)
 Peruvian Armed Forces

Rondas Campesinas
----Supported by:

(until 1991)


Ongoing
Abkhaz–Georgian conflict1989–present Georgia
Supported by:

Turkey[383] 		Ongoing
Georgian–Ossetian conflict1989–present Georgia
Supported by:
Ongoing
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir1989–present India

Afghanistan----Supported by:


 Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
Lashkar-e-Taiba
Jaish-e-Mohammed
Hizbul Mujahideen
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
Al-Badr
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
Supported by:
Pakistan[384]

Taliban[385]
Saudi Arabia[386]
al-Qaeda		Ongoing
Allied Democratic Forces insurgency1995–present Uganda

UNF Intervention Brigade

Supported by:
United States[387]

 ADF

Supported by:
LRA[388]
Sudan[389]

Ongoing
Syrian Civil War[390] [391] 2011–present Syrian opposition
Supported by:
Saudi Arabia
Qatar[392]
United States
Turkey
Libya

Australia
(2011–2013)
France
United Kingdom
Jordan
Italy
Netherlands
Canada
Germany

Supported by:
Armenia[393]

[394] [395] [396]
Iraq
Pakistan[397] [398]
China[399] [400]
[401] [402] [403]
Cuba[404]
[405] [406] [407] [408]
Algeria[409]
Belarus[410]
Angola[411]
Egypt (from 2015)[412] [413]
United Arab Emirates----
Supported by:
United States
France
United Kingdom
[414]
CJTF-OIR
Ongoing
Yemeni Crisis (part of Iran-Saudi Arabia proxy conflicts)2011–present Yemen (Hadi government)
Saudi-led coalition
Supported by:
 Somalia[415]
United States[416]
Eritrea[417]
United Kingdom[418] [419]
France[420] [421] [422]
Pakistan
Canada[423]
Italy
Turkey[424]
Germany[425] [426] [427] [428] 		Yemen (Supreme Political Council)
Supported by:
[429]
Iraq
[430]
[431]
[432]
Ongoing

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Venezuela Crisis of 1902. GlobalSecurity.org . 10 February 2016.
  2. Web site: Somaliland 1902–1903. The Soldier's Burden. 11 February 2016.
  3. Web site: The Finnish Civil War. 6 July 2015.
  4. Web site: Finnish Civil War 1918. Tepora. Tuomas. 8 December 2014. 1914-1918-Online. 6 July 2015.
  5. Book: A Study of Crisis. Michael. Brecher. Jonathan. Wilkenfeld. 1 January 1997. University of Michigan Press. 10 December 2016. Google Books. 978-0472108060.
  6. Book: A Study of Crisis. Michael. Brecher. Jonathan. Wilkenfeld. 1 January 1997. University of Michigan Press. 10 December 2016. Google Books. 978-0472108060.
  7. Book: Payaslian, Simon . The History of Armenia . Palgrave Macmillan . New York . 2007 . 163. 978-1-4039-7467-9. Simon Payaslian.
  8. [Robert Fisk]
  9. Book: Akçam, Taner . . . New York . 2006 . 339–342. 978-0-8050-8665-2. Taner Akçam.
  10. Web site: The place of the Turkish independence war in the American press (1918-1923). dergiler.ankara.edu.tr. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20180602185231/http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/44/671/8544.pdf. 2 June 2018.
  11. Book: Jelavich, Barbara . History of the Balkans: Twentieth century . registration . 1983 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-27459-3 . 131 .
  12. According to John R. Ferris, "Decisive Turkish victory in Anatolia... produced Britain's gravest strategic crisis between the 1918 Armistice and Munich, plus a seismic shift in British politics..." Erik Goldstein and Brian McKerche, Power and Stability: British Foreign Policy, 1865–1965, 2004 p. 139
  13. A. Strahan claimed: "The internationalisation of Constantinople and the Straits under the aegis of the League of Nations, feasible in 1919, was out of the question after the complete and decisive Turkish victory over the Greeks". A. Strahan, Contemporary Review, 1922.
  14. Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the World: a Global Guide to Citizens' Rights and Responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
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  16. Book: Cummins, Joseph. 2011. History's Greatest Wars: The Epic Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World. Beverly, Massachusetts. Fair Winds Press. 232–243. 978-1-59233-471-1.
  17. "Para la mayoría de las voces, el conflicto entre Bolivia y Paraguay (1932–1935) tuvo su origen en el control del supuesto petróleo que pronto iría a fluír desde el desierto chaqueño en beneficio de la nación victoriosa."Archondo. Rafael. La Guerra del Chaco: ¿hubo algún titiritero?. Población y Desarrollo. 34. 29.
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