List of provinces of Balhae explained

The Balhae (or Bohai) kingdom controlled the northern Korean Peninsula, the area from the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) to the Strait of Tartary, and the Liaodong Peninsula. Similar to the workings of the Chinese Tang dynasty, the administration system of the Balhae kingdom was composed of:

Table of provinces

Former StateProvinceCapitals/Ancient namePrefectures level 속주(屬州)
HanjaHangulRR, PinyinHanjaHangulRR, PinyinModern location
Sushen
숙신
肅愼		龍泉府용천부Yongcheon
Longquan		上京/龍州상경/용주Sanggyeong/Yongju
Shangjing/Longzhou		Ning'an (寧安市)
(Manchu: Ninguta 寧古塔)
  • 용주(龍州): the capital of the Bohai Kingdom. Having eight counties under its jurisdiction: 永寧、豐水、扶羅、長平、富利、佐慕、肅慎、永平. The seat was near present-day Ning'an.
    • 호주(湖州): Having one county under its jurisdiction: 長慶. Southwest of Ning'an County, northwest of Jingpo Lake 발주(渤州). having one county under its jurisdiction: 貢珍. Its seat was located in the northeast of present-day Ning'an City, on the east bank of the Mudan River, or in the northwest of present-day Linkou County.
Sushen
숙신
肅愼		顯德府현덕부Hyundeok
Xiande		中京/顯州중경/현주Junggyeong/Hyeonju
Zhongjing/Xianzhou		Helong/Dunhua
(和龍市/敦化市)
  • 노주(盧州) = Antu County (山陽、杉盧、漢陽、白岩、霜岩)
  • 현주(顕州)
  • 철주(鐵州)
  • 탕주(湯州) = 靈峰縣 (now in Emu, Dunhua City), (靈峰、常豐、白石、均谷、嘉利)
  • 영주(榮州) = Xigucheng (西古城) in Helong City (崇山、溈水、綠城)
  • 흥주(興州) = Baihe
  • 涑州（獨奏州）= Tuchengzi Manchu and Korean Township (Changyi District, Jilin City)
Yemaek
예맥
濊貊		龍原府용원부Yongwon
Longyuan		東京/慶州동경/경주Donggyeong/Gyeongju
Dongjing/Qingzhou		Hunchun
  • 경주(慶州) = Baliancheng (Hunchun). Having three counties under its jurisdiction: 龍原、永安 (now Ying'an Town, Hunchun)、壁谷 (now in Chunhua Town, Hunchun)
  • 염주(鹽州) = Zarubino. The seat was in 龍河縣 (now Kraskino). Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 海陽、接海、格川、龍河.
  • 목주(穆州): The seat was in 會農縣 (now Ryongbung-lodongjagu, Kyongwon County, North Korea)
    하주(賀州): Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 洪賀、送誠、吉理、石山
Okjeo
옥저
沃沮		南海府남해부Namhae
Nanhai		南京/沃州남경/옥주Namgyeong/Okju
Nanjing/Wozhou		Hamheung
  • 옥주(沃州): Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 沃沮、鷲岩、龍山、濱海、昇平、靈泉. The seat was in 沃沮縣 (today Hamhung, North Korea. Another theory is that it is located in Namsansŏng (南山城), Kyongsong County and Pukchong County.
  • 정주(睛州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction: 天睛、神陽、蓮池、狼山、仙岩. The seat was in 天睛縣 (today Kujin (구진/舊津) northwest of Hamhung).
  • 초주(椒州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction:椒山、貂嶺、澌泉、尖山、岩淵. The seat was in 東山城裡, Maengsan County)
Goguryeo
고구려
高句麗		鴨綠府압록부Amnok
Yalü		西京/神州서경/신주Seogyeong/Sinju
Xijing/Shenzhou		Linjiang
  • 신주(神州): Having three counties under its jurisdiction:神鹿、神化、劍門. The seat was in 神鹿縣 (today Huludao Village (葫蘆套村), southwest of Linjiang City.)
  • 환주(桓州). The seat was in 桓都縣 (today Jian).
  • 풍주(豊州) = Today Hyesan and Changbai Korean Autonomous County. Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 安豐、渤恪、隰壤、硤石. The seat was in 安豐.
  • 정주(正州). The seat was in Fu'er River basin in Tonghua. Having one county under its jurisdiction: 東那縣.
Goguryeo
고구려
高句麗		長嶺府장령부Jangnyeong
Changling		瑕州하주Haju
Xiazhou		Jingyu
(靖宇县)
  • 하주(瑕州): The seat was in Sumigouxiang (蘇密溝鄉), Huadian (Jilin).
  • 하주(河州): The seat was in Shancheng town (山城鎮), Maihekou.
Buyeo
부여
夫餘		夫餘府부여부Buyeo
Fuyu		扶州부주Buju
Fuzhou		Kaiyuan
  • 부주(扶州): The seat was in 扶餘縣 (today Yimian City (一面城) of Siping). It has jurisdiction over four counties: 扶餘、布多、長平、永平.
  • 선주(仙州): The seat was in Chengzishan Mountain City (城子山山城) in Xifeng County, Liaoning. It has jurisdiction over three counties: 強師（帥）、新安、漁谷..
Buyeo
부여
夫餘		鄚頡府막힐부Makhil
Moxie		鄚州막주Makju
Mozhou		Acheng
(阿城)
읍루
揖婁/우루부말갈
虞婁部靺鞨		定理府정리부Jeongni
Dingli		定州정주Jeongju/DingzhouPartizansk
  • 정주(定州): The seat was located in Sandaohezi (三道河子) on the lower reaches of Mudanjiang River in Hailin City. Another theory is that it was located in Partizansk, Russia. It has jurisdiction over five counties: 定理、平邱、岩城、慕美、安夷.
  • 반주(潘州): The seat was located in present-day Wudaohezitun (五道河子屯) in Sandaotong Town (三道通鎮), Linkou. It has jurisdiction over four counties: 潘水、安定、保山、能利.
읍루
揖婁/우루부말갈
虞婁部靺鞨		安邊府안변부Anbyeon
Anbian		安州안주Anju
Anzhou		Olga
솔빈
率賓		率賓府솔빈부Solbin
Shuaibin		華州화주Hwaju
Huazhou		Ussuriysk/Shuaibin
  • 화주(華州): The seat is now in Ussuriysk, Russia). Another theory is that it was located in Dachengzi Village (大城子村), Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province.
    익주(益州): The seat was in Bohai Ancient City near Vladivostok, and its jurisdiction was in the Suifen River basin.
  • 건주(建州): Is located in Dachengzi Ancient City (大城子古城), Dongning City, Heilongjiang Province. It is also said that it was in Krasnyi Yar village near Ussuriysk. on the other side of the Suifen River.
불열
拂涅		東平府동평부Dongpyeong
Dongping		伊州이주Iju
Yizhou		Dangbi
(密山市/当壁鎮)		이주(伊州)
몽주(蒙州)
타주(沱州)=Troitskoye
흑주(黑州)
비주(比州)
철리
鐵利		鐵利府철리부Cheolli
Tieli		德理鎮덕리진Deongnijin/DelizhenYilan
(依蘭郷)		광주(廣州)
분주(汾州)
포주(蒲州)
해주(海州)
귀주(歸州)
월희
越喜		懷遠府회원부Hoewon
Huaiyuan		達州달주DaljuTongjiang
(同江市)		달주(達州)
월주(越州)
회주(懷州)
기주(紀州)
부주(富州)
미주(美州)
복주(福州)
사주(邪州)
지주(芝州)
월희
越喜		安遠府안원부Anyuan
Anwon		寧州영주Yeongju
Ningzhou		Dalnerechensk영주(寧州)
미주(郿州)=Spassk-Dalny
모주(慕州)
상주(常州)

Former Balhae provinces

Manzhou Yuanliu Kao provides records which show that the Balhae had occupied the Bisa Fortress at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. The History of Liao records that the Balhae established provinces at the Sin Fortress, Gaemo Fortress, Baegam Fortress, Yodong Fortress and Ansi Fortress area in Liaodong, as well as a substantial portion of the Liaoxi area. The Balhae sovereign's message to Yamato Kingdom in 796 states that it has recovered the entire old Goguryeo territory and its ruler's authority now shines beyond the Liao River. The Balhae came to occupy the Songhua and Wusuli River basins as well as the whole adjoining coastal zone along the Sea of Japan (East Sea).

Correspondence

See also

External links

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