List of primates by population explained

This is a list of primate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive as not all primates have had their numbers quantified.

Common nameBinomial namedata-sort-type="number" width="15%"PopulationStatusTrendNotesImage
Hainan black crested gibbon Nomascus hainanus 20–50[1] align=center style="background:#F08080"Population was estimated at over 2,000 in the late 1950s.
Eastern black crested gibbon Nomascus nasutus 45–47[2] align=center style="background:#F08080"Previously thought to be possibly extinct. Numbers may be higher.
Cat Ba langur Trachypithecus poliocephalus 51–54[3]
Popa langurTrachypithecus popa135–176[4] align=center style="background:#F08080"Estimate for mature individuals.
Raffles' banded langurPresbytis femoralis200–250[5] CR
Sarawak surili Presbytis chrysomelas 200–500[6] align=center style="background:#F08080"
Perrier's sifaka Propithecus perrieri 230[7] align=center style="background:#F08080"One of the 25 most endangered primates.
Delacour's langur Trachypithecus delacouri 234–275[8] align=center style="background:#F08080CRThe population of the species has radically decreased over the past decade.
Silky sifaka Propithecus candidus 250[9] align=center style="background:#F08080"Estimate is believed to be a maximum.
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus avunculus 250[10] align=center style="background:#F08080"
Barbara Brown's titi Callicebus barbarabrownae 260[11] align=center style="background:#F08080"Minimum estimation.
Myanmar snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri 260–330[12] align=center style="background:#F08080"
Mentawai langur Presbytis potenziani 300–1,200[13]
Superagui lion tamarin Leontopithecus caissara 400[14] align=center style="background:#F08080"Maximum estimate.
Blond capuchinCebus flavius500 align=center style="background:#FAEB86"EN[15]
Greater bamboo lemurProlemur simus 500[16] align=center style="background:#F08080"
Kashmir gray langur Semnopithecus ajax 500[17] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Maximum estimate; 250 mature.
Coimbra Filho's titi Callicebus coimbrai 500–1,000[18] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Gray-shanked douc Pygathrix cinerea 550–700[19] align=center style="background:#F08080"
Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala 569[20] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"While one source gives a minimum estimate of 569, another claims adult species number less than 250.
White-headed langurTrachypithecus leucocephalus600[21] align=center style="background:#F08080"CR
Gray snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus brelichi 750[22] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Northern muriqui Brachyteles hypoxanthus 855[23] align=center style="background:#F08080"Minimum estimate.
Black lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysopygus 1,000[24] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Tana River mangabey Cercocebus galeritus 1,000–1,200[25] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Kipunji Rungwecebus kipunji 1,117[26] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"EN
Sanje mangabey Cercocebus sanjei 1,300[27] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Estimate is likely a maximum.
Southern muriqui Brachyteles arachnoides 1,300[28] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor 1,300–2,000[29] align=center style="background:#F08080"
Siau Island tarsier Tarsius tumpara 1,358–12,470[30] align=center style="background:#F08080"Amongst the world's top 25 most endangered primates.
Golden bamboo lemur Hapalemur aureus 1,479[31] align=center style="background:#F08080"
Red slender loris Loris tardigradus 1,500[32] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Sangihe tarsier Tarsius sangirensis 1,505–2,795[33] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Population estimates are considered inconclusive.
Zanzibar red colobus Procolobus kirkii 2,000[34] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Maximum estimate.
Black snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti 2,000[35] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Maximum estimate; less than 1,000 mature organisms.
François' langurTrachypithecus francoisi2,000–2,100[36] align=center style="background:#FAEB86ENEstimate for mature individuals.
Pagai Island macaque Macaca pagensis 2,100–3,700[37] align=center style="background:#F08080"Numbered 15,000 in 1980.
Indochinese gray langurTrachypithecus crepusculus2,400–2,500[38] ENEstimate for mature individuals.
Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur Hapalemur alaotrensis 2,500[39] align=center style="background:#F08080"Estimates were for 2002 and showed a decline of over 50% in under ten years.
Moor macaque Macaca maura 3,000–5,000[40] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia 3,200[41] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Minimum estimate; wild only. In addition to these, there are about 490 golden lion tamarins in 150 zoos around the world.[42]
Lion-tailed macaque Macaca silenus 4,000[43] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Estimate is a maximum.
Silvery gibbon Hylobates moloch 4,000–4,500[44] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Javan surili Presbytis comata 5,000–12,000[45] VU
Javan fuscous leaf monkeyPresbytis fredericae5,000–17,000[46] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"VU
Gee's golden langur Trachypithecus geei 6,000–6,500[47] ENEstimate is for mature individuals.
Eastern gorilla Gorilla beringei 5,880align=center style="background:#F08080"Approximately 5,000 eastern lowland gorillas (G. b. graueri) and 880 mountain gorillas (G. b. beringei).[48]
Cotton-top tamarin Saguinus oedipus 6,000[49] align=center style="background:#F08080"Estimate for mature organisms is 2,000.
Golden-crowned sifaka Propithecus tattersalli 6,000–10,000[50] align=center style="background:#F08080"
Golden-headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas 6,000–15,000[51] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Muna-buton macaqueMacaca brunnescens6,221–18,435[52] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"Estimate is from 2007.
Pig-tailed langur Simias concolor 6,700–17,300[53] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Down from an estimated 26,000 in 1980.
Gray-headed lemur Eulemur cinereiceps 7,265[54] align=center style="background:#F08080"Maximum population estimate is 7,265±2,268.
Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii 7,300[55] align=center style="background:#F08080"
Madame Berthe's mouse lemur Microcebus berthae 8,000[56] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Estimate is a maximum.
Natuna Island surili Presbytis natunae 10,000[57] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset Callibella humilis 10,000[58] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"
Siberut langurPresbytis siberu11,014–27,439[59] align=center style="background:#FAEB86ENPopulation is for Siberut National Park.
Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus 15,000[60] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Population may be underestimated.
Udzungwa red colobus Procolobus gordonorum 15,400[61] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Population may be overestimated.
Northern giant mouse lemur Mirza zaza 16,500–17,500[62] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"
Siberut macaque Macaca siberu 17,000–30,000[63] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"Numbered 39,000 in 1980.
Capped langurTrachypithecus pileatus18,600[64] VU
Nilgiri langur Trachypithecus johnii 20,000[65] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"Maximum estimate; mature individuals number less than 10,000.
Red-eared guenon Cercopithecus erythrotis 20,000[66] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"Minimum estimate.
Kloss's gibbon Hylobates klossii 20,000–25,000[67] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Bonobo Pan paniscus 29,500–50,000[68] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"Population may be underestimated.
Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus 47,000–73,000[69] align=center style="background:#F08080"
Heck's macaqueMacaca hecki100,000[70] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"VULittle is known about its populations. Estimate is for mature individuals only.
Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata 114,431[71] LC[72]
Tonkean macaqueMacaca tonkeana150,000[73] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"VU
Western gorilla Gorilla gorilla 150,000–250,000[74] align=center style="background:#F08080"Figures are considered an overestimation.
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 172,700–299,700[75] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Booted macaqueMacaca ochreata180,000[76] align=center style="background:#b0f4b0"VUEstimate is from 2001.
Gelada Theropithecus gelada 200,000[77] align=center style="background:#B0E0E6"
Müller's Bornean gibbon Hylobates muelleri 250,000–375,000[78] align=center style="background:#FAEB86"
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis 3,000,000[79] ENLatest full estimation was made at the start of the 2000s.
Senegal bushbaby Galago senegalensis 107,000,000[80] LC[81]
Human Homo sapiens 8,009,000,000

See also

Notes and References

  1. Geissmann, T. . Bleisch, W. . 2020 . Nomascus hainanus . 2020 . e.T41643A17969392 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41643A17969392.en . 20 November 2021. its population size is less than 50 mature individuals (Zhou et al. 2008, Bryant et al. 2015)..
  2. Rawson, B.M. . Roos, C. . Nguyen, M.H. . Bleisch, W. . Geissmann, T. . Fan, P.F. . 2020 . Nomascus nasutus . 2020 . e.T41642A17969578 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41642A17969578.en . 20 November 2021.
  3. Trachypithecus poliocephalus: Rawson, B.M., Leonard, N., Covert, H. & Nadler, T.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39871A17959804 . IUCN . 2015-11-21 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39871a17959804.en . en. free .
  4. Trachypithecus popa: Matauschek, C., Meyer, D., Lwin, N., Ko Lin, A., Lin, A., Momberg, F. & Roos, C.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T196344474A196344962 . IUCN . 2020-12-07 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t196344474a196344962.en . en. free . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  5. Presbytis femoralis: Ang, A., Boonratana, R. & Nijman, V.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T39801A215090780 . IUCN . 2022-02-18 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t39801a215090780.en . en. free . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  6. Nijman, V. . Cheyne, S. . Traeholt, C. . Setiawan, A. . 2020 . Presbytis chrysomelas . 2020 . e.T39803A17955321 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39803A17955321.en . 20 November 2021.
  7. Heriniaina, R. . Hosnah, H.B. . Zaonarivelo, J. . 2020 . Propithecus perrieri . 2020 . e.T18361A115573556 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18361A115573556.en . 20 November 2021.
  8. Trachypithecus delacouri: Nadler, T., Quyet, L.K., Rawson, B.M. & Coudrat, C.N.Z.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22043A17958988 . IUCN . 2015-11-21 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t22043a17958988.en . en. free . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  9. Patel, E. . 2020 . Propithecus candidus . 2020 . e.T18360A115573359 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18360A115573359.en . 20 November 2021.
  10. Quyet, L.K. . Rawson, B.M. . Duc, H. . Nadler, T. . Covert, H. . Ang, A. . 2020 . Rhinopithecus avunculus . 2020 . e.T19594A17944213 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19594A17944213.en . 20 November 2021.
  11. Printes, R.C. . Jerusalinsky, L. . Alonso, A.C. . Mittermeier, R.A. . 2021 . Callicebus barbarabrownae . 2021 . e.T39929A191703041 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39929A191703041.en . 20 November 2021.
  12. Geissmann, T. . Momberg, F. . Whitten, T. . 2020 . Rhinopithecus strykeri . 2020 . e.T13508501A17943490 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13508501A17943490.en . 20 November 2021.
  13. Presbytis potenziani: Setiawan, A., Quinten, M, Cheyne, S., Traeholt, C. & Whittaker, D.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39815A17954456 . IUCN . 2015-11-23 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39815a17954456.en . en. free . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  14. Nascimento, A.T.A. . Ludwig, G. . Miranda, J.M.D. . Martins, M. . Jerusalinsky, L. . Mittermeier, R.A. . 2021 . Leontopithecus caissara . 2021 . e.T11503A192327024 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T11503A192327024.en . 20 November 2021.
  15. Valença-Montenegro, M.M. . Bezerra, B.M. . Martins, A.B. . Jerusalinsky, L. . Fialho, M.S. . Lynch Alfaro, J.W. . 2021 . Sapajus flavius . 2021 . e.T136253A192592928 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136253A192592928.en . 20 November 2021.
  16. Web site: Greater bamboo lemur . Kurt Gron . July 22, 2010 . Primate Info Net . Wisconsin Primate Research Center (WPRC) Library at the University of Wisconsin-Madison . 1 June 2012.
  17. Kumar, A. . Singh, M. . Anandam, M. . Ahuja, V. . Kumara, H.N. . Molur, S. . 2020 . Semnopithecus ajax . 2020 . e.T39833A17943210 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39833A17943210.en . 20 November 2021.
  18. Jerusalinsky, L. . Souza-Alves, J.P. . Ferrari, S.F. . 2020 . Callicebus coimbrai . 2020 . e.T39954A17972422 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39954A17972422.en . 20 November 2021.
  19. Long, H.T. . Duc, H. . Quyet, L.K. . Rawson, B.M. . Nadler, T. . Covert, H. . 2020 . Pygathrix cinerea . 2020 . e.T39827A17941672 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39827A17941672.en . 20 November 2021.
  20. Kumar, A. . Sinha, A. . Kumar, S. . 2020 . Macaca munzala . 2020 . e.T136569A17948833 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136569A17948833.en . 20 November 2021.
  21. Trachypithecus leucocephalus: Bleisch, B. & Long, Y.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39872A17988378 . IUCN . 2015-11-21 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39872a17988378.en . en. free . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  22. Yongcheng, L. . Bleisch, W.V. . Richardson, M. . Baoguo, L. . 2020 . Rhinopithecus brelichi . 2020 . e.T19595A185220311 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19595A185220311.en . 20 November 2021.
  23. de Melo, F.R. . Boubli, J.P. . Mittermeier, R.A. . Jerusalinsky, L. . Tabacow, F.P. . Ferraz, D.S. . Talebi, M. . 2021 . Brachyteles hypoxanthus . 2021 . e.T2994A191693399 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2994A191693399.en . 20 November 2021.
  24. Rezende, G.C. . Knogge, C. . Passos, F.C. . Ludwig, G. . Oliveira, L.C. . Jerusalinsky, L. . Mittermeier, R.A. . 2020 . Leontopithecus chrysopygus . 2020 . e.T11505A17935400 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11505A17935400.en . 20 November 2021.
  25. Butynski, T.M. . de Jong, Y.A. . Wieczkowski, J. . King, J. . 2020 . Cercocebus galeritus . 2020 . e.T4200A17956330 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4200A17956330.en . 20 November 2021.
  26. Davenport, T. . 2019 . Rungwecebus kipunji . 2019 . e.T136791A17961368 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136791A17961368.en . 20 November 2021.
  27. McCabe, G. . Rovero, F. . Fernández, D. . Butynski, T.M. . Struhsaker, T.T. . 2019 . Cercocebus sanjei . 2019 . e.T4203A17955753 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4203A17955753.en . 20 November 2021.
  28. Talebi, M. . Jerusalinsky, L. . Martins, M. . Mittermeier, R.A. . Ingberman, B. . Ferraz, D.S. . de Melo, F.R. . Boubli, J.P. . 2021 . Brachyteles arachnoides . 2021 . e.T2993A191692658 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2993A191692658.en . 20 November 2021.
  29. Pengfei, F. . Nguyen, M.H. . Phiaphalath, P. . Roos, C. . Coudrat, C.N.Z. . Rawson, B.M. . 2020 . Nomascus concolor . 2020 . e.T39775A17968556 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39775A17968556.en . 20 November 2021.
  30. Shekelle, M. . Salim, A. . 2020 . Tarsius tumpara . 2020 . e.T179234A17977202 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en . 20 November 2021.
  31. Wright, P. . Hearthstone, E. . Donohue, M.E. . Andrianoely, D. . Otero-Jiménez, B.J. . Lauterbur, M.E. . 2020 . Hapalemur aureus . 2020 . e.T9672A115564398 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9672A115564398.en . 20 November 2021.
  32. Gamage, S.N. . Nekaris, K.A.I. . Rudran, R. . 2020 . Loris tardigradus . 2020 . e.T12375A17970163 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12375A17970163.en . 20 November 2021.
  33. Plumptre, A.J. . Robbins, M.M. . Williamson, E.A. . 2019 . Gorilla beringei . 2019 . e.T39994A115576640 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39994A115576640.en . 20 November 2021.
  34. Davenport, T. . 2019 . Piliocolobus kirkii . 2019 . e.T39992A168568335 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39992A168568335.en . 20 November 2021.
  35. Yongcheng, L. . Bleisch, W.V. . Richardson, M. . 2020 . Rhinopithecus bieti . 2020 . e.T19597A17943738 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19597A17943738.en . 20 November 2021.
  36. Trachypithecus francoisi: Nadler, T., Quyet, L.K., Covert, H. & Long, Y.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39853A17958817 . IUCN . 2015-11-21 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t39853a17958817.en . en. free . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  37. Setiawan, A. . Mittermeier, R.A. . Whittaker, D. . 2020 . Macaca pagensis . 2020 . e.T39794A17949995 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39794A17949995.en . 20 November 2021.
  38. Trachypithecus crepusculus: Yongcheng, L., Nadler, T. & Quyet, L.K.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T136920A204397334 . IUCN . 2015-11-21 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-2.rlts.t136920a204397334.en . en. free . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  39. Ralainasolo, F.B. . Raveloarimalala, M.L. . Randrianasolo, H. . Heriniaina, R. . Clarke, T. . Ravaloharimanitra, M. . Volampeno, S. . Donati, G. . Razafindramanana, J. . Andriantsimanarilafy, R.R. . Randriatahina, G. . Irwin, M. . Eppley, T.M. . Borgerson, C. . 2020 . Hapalemur alaotrensis . 2020 . e.T9676A182236363 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T9676A182236363.en . 20 November 2021.
  40. Riley, E. . Lee, R. . Sangermano, F. . Cannon, C. . Shekelle, M . 2020 . Macaca maura . 2020 . e.T12553A197831931 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12553A197831931.en . 20 November 2021.
  41. Ruiz-Miranda, C.R. . Pissinatti, A. . Kierulff, M.C.M. . Oliveira, L.C. . Mittermeier, R.A. . Valença-Montenegro, M.M. . de Oliveira, P. . Jerusalinsky, L. . 2021 . Leontopithecus rosalia . 2021 . e.T11506A192327291 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T11506A192327291.en . 20 November 2021.
  42. http://nationalzoo.si.edu/SCBI/EndangeredSpecies/GLTProgram/InWild/CurrentStatus.cfm Current Status of Golden Lion Tamarins – National Zoo| FONZ
  43. Singh, M. . Kumar, A. . Kumara, H.N. . 2020 . Macaca silenus . 2020 . e.T12559A17951402 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12559A17951402.en . 20 November 2021.
  44. Nijman, V. . 2020 . Hylobates moloch . 2020 . e.T10550A17966495 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10550A17966495.en . 20 November 2021.
  45. Presbytis comata: Nijman, V., Setiawan, A. & Ang, A.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T210369485A210370097 . IUCN . 2022-03-07 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t210369485a210370097.en . en. free . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  46. Presbytis fredericae: Nijman, V., Setiawan, A. & Ang, A.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T18133A210370840 . IUCN . 2022-03-07 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t18133a210370840.en . en. free . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  47. Trachypithecus geei: Das, J., Chetry, D., Medhi, R. & Choudhury, A.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22037A17960997 . IUCN . 2015-11-24 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22037a17960997.en . en. free . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  48. News: Mountain gorilla numbers rise by 10% . The Guardian . 2012-11-13 . 2013-02-06 . Aldred, J. . London.
  49. Rodríguez, V. . Link, A. . Guzman-Caro, D. . Defler, T.R. . Palacios, E. . Stevenson, P.R. . Mittermeier, R.A. . 2021 . Saguinus oedipus . 2021 . e.T19823A192551067 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19823A192551067.en . 20 November 2021.
  50. Semel, B. . Semel, M. . Salmona, J. . Heriniaina, R. . 2020 . Propithecus tattersalli . 2020 . e.T18352A115571806 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18352A115571806.en . 20 November 2021.
  51. Oliveira, L.C. . Neves, L.G. . Kierulff, M.C.M. . Jerusalinsky, L. . Mittermeier, R.A. . Rylands, A.B. . 2021 . Leontopithecus chrysomelas . 2021 . e.T40643A192327573 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40643A192327573.en . 20 November 2021.
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