List of potentially habitable exoplanets explained

The following list include some of the potentially habitable exoplanets discovered so far. It is mostly based on estimates of habitability by the Habitable Worlds Catalog (HWC), and data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The HWC is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. There is also a speculative list being developed of superhabitable planets.

Surface planetary habitability is thought to require an orbit at the right distance from the host star for liquid surface water to be present, in addition to various geophysical and geodynamical aspects, atmospheric density, radiation type and intensity, and the host star's plasma environment.[1]

List

This is a list of exoplanets within the circumstellar habitable zone that are under 10 Earth masses and smaller than 2.5 Earth radii, and thus have a chance of being rocky. Note that inclusion on this list does not guarantee habitability, and in particular the larger planets are more unlikely to have a rocky composition.[2] Earth is included for comparison.

Note that mass and radius values prefixed with "~" have not been measured, but are estimated from a mass-radius relationship.

Earth and Venus were included for reference.

ObjectStarStar typedata-sort-type="number"Mass (M⊕)data-sort-type="number"Radius (R⊕)data-sort-type="number"Density (g/cm3)data-sort-type="number"Flux (F⊕)data-sort-type="number"Teq (K) data-sort-type="number"Period (days)data-sort-type="number"Distance (ly)Refs/Notes
Earth
(reported for reference)		5.514365.25 0 Only planet known to support life.
Venus
(reported for reference)		5.243 224.7 4.2×10^-6 [3]
40
—— 25.6 49
—— 24.3 39 Not confirmed
—— 106.3 39
Gliese 229 A —— 121.9 18.8
—— 55.7 31
—— 36.1 29.6
—— 140.4 25 Highly eccentric
Gliese 555 b—— [4] 36.2 20.4 Probably a mini-Neptune or an ocean planet[5]
—— 14.628 21.1 Only in HZ if very optimistic models used[6] [7]
Gliese 667 C — 28.1 23.62
~1.03— 10.3 15.8
1.1— 21.2 15.8 [8]
— 6.7 12
— 13.0 12
—— 48.1 66
—— 197.8 42 Not confirmed[9]
—— 154.4 64
—— 60.7 58
— — 18.4 270 [10]
— 24.2 217[11]
K2-332b— — 17.7 402
K2-288 B — 31.4 214 [12]
— — 289.9 635 [13]
— 122.4 981 [14]
— 267.3 981 [15]
— — 52.7 957
— — 247.4 1254
— 129.9 579
— — 92.7 1526
— 34.1 737 [16] [17]
— — 63.3 737 [18]
— 112.3 1193
— — 101.1 981
— — 177.7 2615
— 384.8 1799 Not confirmed[19] [20] [21] [22]
— — 56.1 903
— 86.8 865
— — 60.9 1196
— — 125.4 799
— — 168.8 1092
— — 196.4 2710 [23]
— 19.5 301[24]
— — 38.1 822
— — 140.3 2461
— — 169.1 1904 [25]
—— 23.15 34.6Not confirmed[26]
24.7 49 Likely ocean world or dense mini-Neptune[27]
— — 8.46 105 [28]
— 18.65 12.3
[29] — 11.186 4.25 Affected by solar flare, possibly affected by high radiation
— 9.87 11.0 [30]
—— 10.8 37 [31]
— 4.91 12.5 Radius is estimated[32]
— 11.4 12.5
— 37.4 101
— [33] 27.8 101 [34]
— 19.29 137 [35] [36]
— 35.2 188 Highly eccentric[37]
3.394.05 41 Confirmed to be rocky
5.656.1 41 Confirmed to be rocky
3.3 ± 0.99.2 41 Confirmed to be rocky
4.18612.4 41 Confirmed to be rocky
— 15.6 31.2 [38]
— 17.9 13.8

Previous candidates

Some exoplanet candidates detected by radial velocity that were originally thought to be potentially habitable were later found to most likely be artifacts of stellar activity. These include Gliese 581 d & g,[39] [40] [41] Gliese 667 Ce & f,[42] Gliese 682 b & c, Kapteyn b,[43] [44] and Gliese 832 c.[45]

HD 85512 b was initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[46] [47] but updated models for the boundaries of the habitable zone placed the planet interior to the HZ,[48] [49] and it is now considered non-habitable. Kepler-69c has gone through a similar process; though initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[50] it was quickly realized that the planet is more likely to be similar to Venus,[51] and is thus no longer considered habitable. Several other planets, such as Gliese 180 b, also appear to be examples of planets once considered potentially habitable but later found to be interior to the habitable zone.

Similarly, Tau Ceti e and f were initially both considered potentially habitable,[52] but with improved models of the circumstellar habitable zone, as of 2022 PHL does not consider either planet potentially habitable. Kepler-438b was also initially considered potentially habitable; however, it was later found to be a subject of powerful flares that can strip a planet of its atmosphere, so it is now considered non-habitable.

K2-3d and K2-18b were originally considered potentially habitable, and the latter remains listed in the HEC, but recent studies have shown them to be gaseous sub-Neptunes and thus unlikely to be habitable.[53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58]

KOI-1686.01 was also considered a potentially habitable exoplanet after its detection in 2011, until proven a false positive by NASA in 2015.[59] Several other KOIs, like Kepler-577b and Kepler-1649b, were considered potentially habitable prior to confirmation, but with new data are no longer considered habitable.

External links

Notes and References

  1. What makes a planet habitable? . The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review . 2009 . Lammer . H. . Bredehöft . J. H. . Coustenis . A. . Khodachenko . M. L. . etal . 17 . 2 . 181–249 . 10.1007/s00159-009-0019-z . 2016-05-03 . 2009A&ARv..17..181L . 123220355 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160602235333/http://veilnebula.jorgejohnson.me/uploads/3/5/8/7/3587678/lammer_et_al_2009_astron_astro_rev-4.pdf . 2016-06-02 .
  2. 1603.08614. 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/17 . Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds . 2017 . Chen . Jingjing . Kipping . David . The Astrophysical Journal . 834 . 1 . 17 . 119114880 . 2017ApJ...834...17C . free .
  3. Web site: NASA Venus Fact Sheet. 2023-04-30. nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
  4. Web site: HN Lib b . 2024-07-28 . www.exoplanetkyoto.org.
  5. Ribas . I. . Reiners . A. . etal . February 2023 . The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020) . . 670 . A139 . 10.1051/0004-6361/202244879 . 2302.10528 . 2023A&A...670A.139R.
  6. Web site: Habitable Planet Reality Check: Is GJ 625b a Super-Earth or a Super-Venus? . LePage . Andrew . 22 May 2017 . drewexmachina.com . 15 September 2022.
  7. Web site: GJ 625 . hzgallery.org . 15 September 2022.
  8. Web site: Exoplanet-catalog . 2024-01-30 . Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System . en.
  9. 1510.06446 . 10.1051/0004-6361/201526729 . The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets . 2016 . Díaz . Rodrigo F. . Ségransan . Didier . Udry . Stéphane . Lovis . Christophe . Pepe . Francesco . Dumusque . Xavier . Marmier . M. . Alonso . Roi . Benz . Willy . Bouchy . François . Coffinet . A. . Cameron . Andrew Collier . Deleuil . Magali . Figueira . Pedro . Gillon . Michaël . Lo Curto . Gaspare . Mayor . Michel . Mordasini . Christoph . Motalebi . F. . Moutou . Claire . Pollacco . Don L. . Pompei . E. . Queloz . Didier . Santos . Nuno C.. Wyttenbach . A. . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 585 . A134 . 2016A&A...585A.134D . 118531921 . 1.
  10. Web site: Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-9b . NASA Exoplanet Archive . NASA Exoplanet Science Institute . 4 June 2016.
  11. Web site: Exoplanet-catalog. 2021-01-29. Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System.
  12. Web site: K2-288 B b - NASA Science .
  13. Web site: Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-22 b . NASA Exoplanet Archive . NASA Exoplanet Science Institute . 4 June 2016.
  14. Web site: Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-62e . NASA Exoplanet Archive . NASA Exoplanet Science Institute . 4 June 2016.
  15. Web site: Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-62f . NASA Exoplanet Archive . NASA Exoplanet Science Institute . 4 June 2016.
  16. Web site: Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-296e . NASA Exoplanet Archive . NASA Exoplanet Science Institute . 4 June 2016.
  17. 2015ApJ...809....7B. 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/7. 1505.01845. The Five Planets in the Kepler-296 Binary System All Orbit the Primary: A Statistical and Analytical Analysis. The Astrophysical Journal. 809. 7. 2015. Barclay. Thomas. Quintana. Elisa V. Adams. Fred C. Ciardi. David R. Huber. Daniel. Foreman-Mackey. Daniel. Montet. Benjamin T. Caldwell. Douglas. 1. 37742564.
  18. Web site: Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-296 f . NASA Exoplanet Archive . NASA Exoplanet Science Institute . 4 June 2016.
  19. Web site: Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-452 b . NASA Exoplanet Archive . NASA Exoplanet Science Institute . 4 June 2016.
  20. Web site: Targets of Note: Kepler-452 b . . 15 September 2022.
  21. 1803.11307. 10.3847/1538-3881/aabae3 . Kepler's Earth-like Planets Should Not be Confirmed without Independent Detection: The Case of Kepler-452b . 2018 . Mullally . Fergal . Thompson . Susan E. . Coughlin . Jeffrey L. . Burke . Christopher J. . Rowe . Jason F. . The Astronomical Journal . 155 . 5 . 210 . 2018AJ....155..210M . 55481591 . free .
  22. 1901.00506. 10.3847/1538-3881/aafb79 . Re-evaluating Small Long-period Confirmed Planets from Kepler . 2019 . Burke . Christopher J. . Mullally . F. . Thompson . Susan E. . Coughlin . Jeffrey L. . Rowe . Jason F. . The Astronomical Journal . 157 . 4 . 143 . 2019AJ....157..143B . 119047713 . free .
  23. Web site: Exoplanet-catalog-Exoplanet exploration-Kepler-1606b.
  24. Web site: Earth-Size, Habitable Zone Planet Found Hidden in Early NASA Kepler Data. 2021-01-02. Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System.
  25. Web site: Exoplanet catalog-Exoplanet exploration-Kepler-1701b.
  26. Web site: Comparison of the L 98-59 exoplanet system with the inner Solar System. 2021-08-09. www.eso.org. en.
  27. Cadieux . Charles . Plotnykov . Mykhaylo . etal . 2024 . New Mass and Radius Constraints on the LHS 1140 Planets -- LHS 1140 b is Either a Temperate Mini-Neptune or a Water World . . 960. 1. L3. 10.3847/2041-8213/ad1691. free . 2310.15490. 2024ApJ...960L...3C .
  28. Delrez . L. . Murray . C. A. . etal . September 2022 . Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf . . 667 . A59 . 10.1051/0004-6361/202244041 . 2209.02831 . 252110654 . 2022A&A...667A..59D.
  29. Faria . J. P. . Mascareño . A. Suárez . Figueira . P. . Silva . A. M. . Damasso . M. . Demangeon . O. . Pepe . F. . Santos . N. C. . Rebolo . R. . Cristiani . S. . Adibekyan . V. . Alibert . Y. . Allart . R. . Barros . S. C. C. . Cabral . A. . D’Odorico . V. . Marcantonio . P. Di . Dumusque . X. . Ehrenreich . D. . Hernández . J. I. González . Hara . N. . Lillo-Box . J. . Curto . G. Lo . Lovis . C. . Martins . C. J. a. P. . Mégevand . D. . Mehner . A. . Micela . G. . Molaro . P. . Nunes . N. J. . Pallé . E. . Poretti . E. . Sousa . S. G. . Sozzetti . A. . Tabernero . H. . Udry . S. . Osorio . M. R. Zapatero . A candidate short-period sub-Earth orbiting Proxima Centauri . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 1 February 2022 . 658 . A115 . 10.1051/0004-6361/202142337 . 2202.05188 . 2022A&A...658A.115F . 246706321 . en . 0004-6361.
  30. News: Wenz . John . A potentially habitable planet has been discovered just 11 light-years away . . 15 November 2017 . 19 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180221031045/http://www2.astronomy.com/news/2017/11/a-potentially-habitable-planet-11-light-years-away . 21 February 2018 . dead .
  31. 2022PASJ...74..904H . A super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508 . Harakawa . Hiroki . Takarada . Takuya . Kasagi . Yui . Hirano . Teruyuki . Kotani . Takayuki . Kuzuhara . Masayuki . Omiya . Masashi . Kawahara . Hajime . Fukui . Akihiko . Hori . Yasunori . Ishikawa . Hiroyuki Tako . Ogihara . Masahiro . Livingston . John . Brandt . Timothy D. . Currie . Thayne . Aoki . Wako . Beichman . Charles A. . Henning . Thomas . Hodapp . Klaus . Ishizuka . Masato . Izumiura . Hideyuki . Jacobson . Shane . Janson . Markus . Kambe . Eiji . Kodama . Takanori . Kokubo . Eiichiro . Konishi . Mihoko . Krishnamurthy . Vigneshwaran . Kudo . Tomoyuki . Kurokawa . Takashi . Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan . 2022 . 74 . 4 . 904–922 . 10.1093/pasj/psac044 . 2205.11986 . 1 .
  32. Web site: Exoplanet-catalog. 2021-12-05. Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System.
  33. Web site: TOI-700 NASA Exoplanet Archive . 2024-05-25 . exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu.
  34. Web site: Kazmierczak . Jeanette . Center . NASA's Goddard Spaceflight . 2023-01-11 . NASA Planet Hunter Discovers Second Habitable, Earth-Size World in TOI 700 System . 2024-05-25 . SciTechDaily . en-US.
  35. Dransfield . Georgina . Timmermans . Mathilde . Triaud . Amaury H. M. J. . Dévora-Pajares . Martín . Aganze . Christian . Barkaoui . Khalid . Burgasser . Adam J. . Collins . Karen A. . Cointepas . Marion . Ducrot . Elsa . Günther . Maximilian N. . Howell . Steve B. . Murray . Catriona A. . Niraula . Prajwal . Rackham . Benjamin V. . 2023-10-28 . A 1.55 R$_$ habitable-zone planet hosted by TOI-715, an M4 star near the ecliptic South Pole . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 527 . 1 . 35–52 . 10.1093/mnras/stad1439 . free . 0035-8711. 2305.06206 .
  36. Web site: TOI-715 b - NASA Science .
  37. 2111.01749. 10.1051/0004-6361/202142280 . TOI-2257 b: A highly eccentric long-period sub-Neptune transiting a nearby M dwarf . 2022 . Schanche . N. . Pozuelos . F. J. . Günther . M. N. . Wells . R. D. . Burgasser . A. J. . Chinchilla . P. . Delrez . L. . Ducrot . E. . Garcia . L. J. . Gómez Maqueo Chew . Y. . Jofré . E. . Rackham . B. V. . Sebastian . D. . Stassun . K. G. . Stern . D. . Timmermans . M. . Barkaoui . K. . Belinski . A. . Benkhaldoun . Z. . Benz . W. . Bieryla . A. . Bouchy . F. . Burdanov . A. . Charbonneau . D. . Christiansen . J. L. . Collins . K. A. . Demory . B.-O. . Dévora-Pajares . M. . De Wit . J. . Dragomir . D. . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 657 . A45 . 2022A&A...657A..45S . 240419956 . 1 .
  38. Kossakowski . D. . Kürster . M. . etal . January 2023 . The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star . . 670 . A84 . 10.1051/0004-6361/202245322 . 2301.02477 . 2023A&A...670A..84K.
  39. Robertson . Paul . Suvrath Mahadevan . Mahadevan . Suvrath . Endl . Michael . Roy . Arpita . Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581 . . 3 July 2014 . 10.1126/science.1253253 . 24993348 . 1407.1049 . 2014Sci...345..440R . 345 . 6195 . 440–444 . 10.1.1.767.2071 . 206556796 .
  40. 1512.00878. 10.1051/0004-6361/201527135 . Periodic Hαvariations in GL 581: Further evidence for an activity origin to GL 581d . 2016 . Hatzes . A. P. . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 585 . A144 . 2016A&A...585A.144H . 55623630 .
  41. 2201.13342. 10.3847/1538-3881/ac52ed . Magnitude-squared Coherence: A Powerful Tool for Disentangling Doppler Planet Discoveries from Stellar Activity . 2022 . Dodson-Robinson . Sarah E. . Delgado . Victor Ramirez . Harrell . Justin . Haley . Charlotte L. . The Astronomical Journal . 163 . 4 . 169 . 2022AJ....163..169D . 246430514 . free .
  42. Robertson . Paul . Mahadevan . Suvrath . Disentangling Planets and Stellar Activity for Gliese 667C . . October 2014 . 793 . 2 . L24 . 10.1088/2041-8205/793/2/L24 . 1409.0021 . 2014ApJ...793L..24R . 118404871 .
  43. Robertson . Paul . Stellar activity mimics a habitable-zone planet around Kapteyn's star . 1505.02778. 11 May 2015 . 10.1088/2041-8205/805/2/L22 . 805 . 2 . The Astrophysical Journal . L22. 2015ApJ...805L..22R . 117871083 .
  44. 2103.02709. 10.3847/1538-3881/abec89 . A Gaussian Process Regression Reveals No Evidence for Planets Orbiting Kapteyn's Star . 2021 . Bortle . Anna . Fausey . Hallie . Ji . Jinbiao . Dodson-Robinson . Sarah . Ramirez Delgado . Victor . Gizis . John . The Astronomical Journal . 161 . 5 . 230 . 2021AJ....161..230B . 232110395 . 1 . free .
  45. 2206.07552. 10.1051/0004-6361/202243063 . Detailed stellar activity analysis and modelling of GJ 832 . 2022 . Gorrini . P. . Astudillo-Defru . N. . Dreizler . S. . Damasso . M. . Díaz . R. F. . Bonfils . X. . Jeffers . S. V. . Barnes . J. R. . Del Sordo . F. . Almenara . J.-M. . Artigau . E. . Bouchy . F. . Charbonneau . D. . Delfosse . X. . Doyon . R. . Figueira . P. . Forveille . T. . Haswell . C. A. . López-González . M. J. . Melo . C. . Mennickent . R. E. . Gaisné . G. . Morales . N. Morales . Murgas . F. . Pepe . F. . Rodríguez . E. . Santos . N. C. . Tal-Or . L. . Tsapras . Y. . Udry . S. . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 664 . A64 . 2022A&A...664A..64G . 249674385 . 1.
  46. A Habitable Planet around HD 85512? . L. . Kaltenegger . S. . Udry . F. . Pepe . 2011. astro-ph.EP . 1108.3561.
  47. Mendez . Abel . Five Potential Habitable Exoplanets Now . 1 August 2012 . Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo . 4 June 2015 . 27 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210227132305/http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/fivepotentialhabitableexoplanetsnow . dead .
  48. Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates . Ravi Kumar . Kopparapu . Ramses . Ramirez . James F. . Kasting . Vincent . Eymet . Tyler D. . Robinson . Suvrath . Mahadevan . Ryan C. . Terrien . Shawn . Domagal-Goldman . Victoria . Meadows . Rohit . Deshpande . 1 . 2013. 1301.6674 . 2013ApJ...765..131K. 10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/131 . 765 . 2 . The Astrophysical Journal . 131. 76651902 .
  49. Mendez . Abel . A New Habitable Zone . 29 January 2013 . Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo . 4 June 2015 . 11 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191211194253/http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/anewhabitablezone . dead .
  50. A super-Earth-sized planet orbiting in or near the habitable zone around Sun-like star . Thomas . etal . Barclay . 2013. 1304.4941 . 2013ApJ...768..101B. 10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/101 . 768 . 2 . The Astrophysical Journal . 101. 51490784 .
  51. A Potential Super-Venus in the Kepler-69 System . Stephen R. . Kane . Thomas . Barclay . Dawn M. . Gelino . 1 . 2013. 1305.2933 . 2013ApJ...770L..20K. 10.1088/2041-8205/770/2/L20 . 770 . 2 . The Astrophysical Journal . L20. 9808447 .
  52. Mendez . Abel . Two Nearby Habitable Worlds? . 28 December 2012 . Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo . 4 June 2015 . 8 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210308051741/http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/twonearbyhabitableworlds . dead .
  53. Web site: Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-3d . NASA Exoplanet Archive . NASA Exoplanet Science Institute . 4 June 2016.
  54. Web site: Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-18 b . NASA Exoplanet Archive . NASA Exoplanet Science Institute . 4 June 2016.
  55. Web site: Hubble Finds Water Vapor on Habitable-Zone Exoplanet for 1st Time. Garner. Rob. 2019-09-11. NASA. 2019-12-06.
  56. 10.1051/0004-6361/201732459 . Eyes on K2-3: A system of three likely sub-Neptunes characterized with HARPS-N and HARPS . Damasso . Mario . Bonomo . Aldo Stefano . Astudillo-Defru . Nicola . Bonfils . Xavier . Malavolta . Luca . Sozzetti . Alessandro . Lopez . Eric D. . Zeng . Li . Haywood . Raphaëlle D. . Irwin . Jonathan M. . Mortier . Annelies . Vanderburg . Andrew . Maldonado . Jesus . Lanza . Antonino Francesco . Affer . Laura . Almenara . José M. . Benatti . Serena . Biazzo . Katia . Bignamini . Andrea . Borsa . Francesco . Bouchy . François . Buchhave . Lars A. . Cameron . Andrew C. . Carleo . Ilaria . Charbonneau . David . Claudi . Riccardo . Cosentino . Rosario . Covino . Elvira . Delfosse . Xavier . Desidera . Silvano . 1 . Astronomy and Astrophysics . 615 . A69 . 2018 . 1802.08320 . 2018A&A...615A..69D . 58923147 .
  57. 10.3847/1538-3881/aaf79c . 1812.08241 . Bright Opportunities for Atmospheric Characterization of Small Planets: Masses and Radii of K2-3 b, c, and d and GJ3470 b from Radial Velocity Measurements and Spitzer Transits . 2019 . Kosiarek . Molly R. . Crossfield . Ian J. M. . Hardegree-Ullman . Kevin K. . Livingston . John H. . Benneke . Björn . Henry . Gregory W. . Howard . Ward S. . Berardo . David . Blunt . Sarah . Fulton . Benjamin J. . Hirsch . Lea A. . Howard . Andrew W. . Isaacson . Howard . Petigura . Erik A. . Sinukoff . Evan . Weiss . Lauren . Bonfils . Xavier . Dressing . Courtney D. . Knutson . Heather A.. Schlieder . Joshua E. . Werner . Michael . Gorjian . Varoujan . Krick . Jessica . Morales . Farisa Y. . Astudillo-Defru . Nicola . Almenara . José M. . Delfosse . Xavier . Forveille . Thierry . Lovis . Christophe . Mayor . Michel . Murgas . Felipe . Pepe . Francesco . Santos . Nuno C. . Udry . Stéphane . Corbett . Henry Tillman . Fors . Octavi . Law . Nicholas M. . Ratzloff . Jeffrey K. . del Ser . Daniel . The Astronomical Journal . 157 . 3 . 97 . 2019AJ....157...97K . 119440420 . 1 . free .
  58. 1909.04642. 10.3847/2041-8213/ab59dc. Water Vapor and Clouds on the Habitable-zone Sub-Neptune Exoplanet K2-18b. 2019. Benneke. Björn. Wong. Ian. Piaulet. Caroline. Knutson. Heather A.. Lothringer. Joshua. Morley. Caroline V.. Crossfield. Ian J. M.. Gao. Peter. Greene. Thomas P.. Dressing. Courtney. Dragomir. Diana. Howard. Andrew W.. McCullough. Peter R.. Kempton. Eliza M.-R.. Fortney. Jonathan J.. Fraine. Jonathan. The Astrophysical Journal. 887. 1. L14. 2019ApJ...887L..14B. 209324670 . 1 . free .
  59. Web site: Kepler Candidate Overview Page: KOI-1686.01 . NASA Exoplanet Archive . NASA Exoplanet Science Institute . 28 December 2015.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of potentially habitable exoplanets".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.