List of political parties in Indonesia explained

Since 1999, Indonesia has had a multi-party system. In the four legislative elections since the fall of the New Order regime, no political party has won an overall majority of seats, resulting in coalition governments.

Pursuant to the Indonesian political parties act,[1] political parties' ideologies "must not be against Pancasila" and "is an explanation of Pancasila".

Overview

The Indonesian political party system is regulated by Act No. 2 of 2008 on Political Parties. The law defines political party as "a national organisation founded by like-minded Indonesian citizens with common goals to fulfill common interests and to defend the unity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as based on Pancasila and the 1945 State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia".

Political parties must register themselves with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights to be recognised by the authority. The law dictates that political parties' registration criteria shall include a notarial act recognising the party establishment and party constitution; a document describing party symbols; address of party headquarters and prove of distribution of party local offices in provinces, and cities and regencies; and a prove of party bank account.[2] The law also dictates minimum membership of new political parties on 50 persons, with the percentage of woman members and allocation of woman members to party offices are set on a minimum of 30%.

Electoral eligibility

The party must undergo another registration process in order to participate in national elections; the registration shall be submitted to the General Elections Commission (KPU).[3] Several criteria are required by the KPU, namely related to the party's presence in Indonesia's regions:[4]

Political parties who have had their registration declined by the electoral commission due to failure to satisfy administrative criteria or other reasons are able to appeal their rejection to the General Election Supervisory Agency (BAWASLU).[5] Specifically for regional political parties in Aceh, the first requirement is waived, while the second and third requirements are set at two-thirds of the regencies/cities and districts.[6]

Party principles

Indonesian political parties should recognise the superiority of Pancasila and the national constitution, but Indonesian law tolerates the practice of other ideologies not in violation of the Pancasila and the constitution. A 1966 Provisional People's Consultative Assembly resolution still in force today, however, explicitly prohibits establishment of a communist party, and political parties are banned from adopting "Communism/Marxism-Leninism" (sic; explicitly defined in the resolution's corresponding explanatory memorandum to include "the struggle fundaments and tactics taught by ... Stalin, Mao Tse Tung et cetera") as the party ideology.

In essence, Indonesian political parties differs little on party policy and ideology. The only major difference between Indonesian parties is their position as to how major a role Islam, by far the nation's majority religion, should play in public affairs.[7] This tendency resulting in several Indonesian political parties to brand itself as the part of nationalist-religious broad coalition in order to attract potential voters from both Muslim and secular nationalist groups.

The language of the left–right political spectrum is seldom used in Indonesia, in contrast with other countries. This tendency arose as the result of the New Order regime under Suharto which was anathema to left-wing policies after the 1965–66 Indonesian mass killings of members and supporters of the Communist Party of Indonesia. The New Order regime further stigmatised left-wing ideals as those espoused only by communists, discouraging Indonesian political parties from identifying themselves as left-wing movements lest they lose potential voters and be accused as communist. This tendency has survived even after the 1998 Reforms, partly due to the new regime's insistence on keeping anti-communist legislation in force. In addition, due to widely presidents shared power, Indonesian party cartelization differs significantly from canonical electoral alliances in Europe.[8]

Government funding

Political parties which won seats in the national or regional parliaments are eligible for funding from the central or local governments, based on number of votes received in the relevant legislative elections. The funding amount is set for Rp 1,000 per vote received at the national level, Rp 1,200 at the provincial level, and Rp 1,500 at the city/regency level.[9] Local government can opt to allocate more funding to political parties - Jakarta, for example, paid in 2021 Rp 5,000 per vote received.[10] After the 2019 election, this amounted to Rp 126 billion (USD 8 million) from the central government on an annual basis.[11]

Parties represented in legislatures

Parties represented in national and regional legislatures

LogoNameLeaderYearStatus in the Provincial
seats
City/regency
DPRD seats
Est.First
election
SeatsStatus
PDI-PIndonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
Megawati Sukarnoputri1999[12] 1999Government
GolkarParty of Functional Groups
Vacant19641971Government
GerindraGreat Indonesia Movement Party
Prabowo Subianto20082009Government
NasDemNational Democratic Party
Surya Paloh20112014Government
PKBNational Awakening Party
Muhaimin Iskandar19981999Government
DemokratDemocratic Party
Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono20012004Government
PKSProsperous Justice Party
Ahmad Syaikhu19991999Opposition
PANNational Mandate Party
Zulkifli Hasan19981999Government
PPPUnited Development Party
Muhamad Mardiono19731977Government

Parties represented only in regional legislatures

These parties participates on national elections - the last was in 2019 - yet failed to attain a single seat in the House of Representatives due to failing to pass 4% parliamentary threshold.[13] Notable failure was of Hanura, that failed to return to the DPR despite winning seats in 2014 election. Despite electoral failure in the DPR, these parties successfully gained seat in regional parliaments (DPRD). Although, these political parties, along with other extra-parliamentary parties, are sometimes referred as Indonesian: partai gurem.

Aceh's special autonomy statutes allowed formation of local political parties to compete only in the Aceh House of Representatives. Although the party number is serialised from the national list, Aceh local parties only appeared in ballot paper circulating in Aceh province.[14]

LogoNameLeaderYearProvincial
seats
City/regency
DPRD seats
Est.First
election
HanuraPeople's Conscience Party
Oesman Sapta Odang20062009
PerindoIndonesian Unity Party
Hary Tanoesoedibjo20152019
PSIIndonesian Solidarity Party
Kaesang Pangarep20142019
BerkaryaParty of Functional Banyan
Muchdi Purwopranjono20162019
PBBCrescent Star Party
Yusril Ihza Mahendra19981999
PKPJustice and Unity Party
Yussuf Solichien19991999
GarudaChange Indonesia Guardian Party
Ahmad Ridha Sabana20152019
Parties represented only in Aceh DPRD
PAAceh Party
Muzakir Manaf20072009
PNANanggroe Aceh Party
Irwandi Yusuf20112014
PDAAceh Abode Party
Muhibbussabri A. Wahab20072009
SIRAAcehnese People's Independent Solidarity Party
Muslim Syamsuddin20072009

Extra-parliamentary parties

These political parties have no representation in either national or regional parliaments.

The term "partai gurem" (minor party, literally "tropical fowl mite party" referring to the small size) is commonly used by Indonesian media to refer to these political parties. The term initially referred to political parties that won a very small number of parliamentary seat, but after the 2004 election, to political parties that have no chance of surpassing the parliamentary threshold (currently 4%) necessary to gain representation on the House of Representatives.[15] These political parties are often perceived to be lacking in organisational structure, their leaders seemingly interested solely in attracting media attention.

These parties often have their attempts at registering for elections turned down by the KPU due to the parties' failure to satisfy registration criteria set by the commission, which includes completeness of party documents, a permanent physical party headquarters, minimum membership and minimum percentage of woman members.[16] [17] Parties that had their registration rejected often resort to appealing their rejection to the Bawaslu, with varied success.[18]

LogoNameLeaderYear
Est.Contested
elections
PBIIndonesian Bhinneka Party
Nurdin Purnomo19981999
RepublikRepublican Party
Suharno Prawiro19981999
ReformasiReform Party
Syamsahril Kamal2000
PPBNational Unity Party
Eggi Sudjana2001
GeloraIndonesian People's Wave Party
Anis Matta20192024
PKNNusantara Awakening Party
Anas Urbaningrum2021[19] 2024
PBLabour Party
Said Iqbal20212024
UmmatUmmah Party
Ridho Rahmadi20212024
PakarRepublican Functional Party
Ari Sigit2012
ParsindoIndonesian People's Voice Party
M Jusuf Rizal2013
RakyatPeople's Party
Arvindo Noviar2014
PDRIIndonesian People's Democracy Party
Ambarwati Santoso2015[20]
PandaiIndonesian Sovereign Nation Party
Farhat Abbas2020
MasyumiMasyumi Party
Ahmad Yani2020
PRIMAJust and Prosperous People's Party
Agus Jabo Priyono2021
PPBNational Scout Party
Widyanto Kurniawan2021
PerkasaVillage Awakening Movement Party
Eko Santjojo2021
PKRPeople's Sovereignty Party
Tuntas Subagyo2021
PMIIndonesian Students Party
Eko Pratama2021
IBUAwaken and United Indonesia Party
Zulki Zulkifli Noor2021
PDSPProsperous Peace Party of Renewal
Hendrik RE Assa2021
PelitaPelita Party
Beni Pramula2022
PDKBNational Peace and Love Party
Apri Hananto Sukandar2021
RepublikuIndonesian Republiku Party
Ramses David Simandjuntak
PRSOne Republic Party
D Yusad Siregar
KongresCongress Party
Zakariani Santoso
Parties that are not registered in the KPU RI Political Party Registration System
SRIUnion of Independent People
Damianus Taufan2011
PHIGreen Party of Indonesia
Collective leadership2012
PDRIIndonesian People's Da'wah Party
Farid Okbah2021

Political party coalitions

Outside of the Suharto period, no political parties controlled a majority of the Indonesian parliament, necessitating the formation of coalitions.[21] [22] Coalitions may also be required to nominate candidates to executive office elections (i.e. President, Governors, Regents, Mayors and their deputies), and political parties often form coalitions for regional elections with parties which are on opposing coalitions at the national level.[23] [24]

LogoNameActive periodStatusPresidential candidateElection DPR seats
FormedDisbanded
style= PPPKIAssociation of Political Organisations
of the Indonesian People

1927–1942Disbanded17–18 December 192720 March 1942
style= GAPIIndonesian Political Federation
1939–1942Disbanded21 May 193920 March 1942
Bangsa
2004–2009DisbandedMegawati Soekarnoputri2004August 19, 2004[25] May 16, 2009[26]
Rakyat
2004–2009Continued
(Joint Secretariat of the
Government Supporting Coalition Parties)
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono2004August 28, 2004May 16, 2009
SetGabJoint Secretariat of the Government
Supporting Coalition Parties
2009–2014DisbandedSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono2009May 16, 2009October 20, 2014
KIH
2014–2019Continued
(Onward Indonesia Coalition)
Joko Widodo201419 May 201420 October 2019
KMP
2014–2018DisbandedPrabowo Subianto201414 July 201418 September 2018
KIMOnward Indonesia Coalition
since 2018ActiveJoko Widodo201910 August 2018
KIAM
2018–2019DisbandedPrabowo Subianto201918 September 201828 June 2019
KIMAdvanced Indonesia Coalition
since 2022Active Prabowo Subianto202413 August 2022
KPPCoalition of Change
2023–2024DisbandedAnies Baswedan202424 March 202330 April 2024
KSPPAlliance of Political Parties Supporting Ganjar Pranowo
2023–2024DisbandedGanjar Pranowo202430 April 20236 May 2024

Historical political parties

Pre-independence parties

See also: Volksraad (Dutch East Indies). In the first decade of the 20th century as a natural outcome of the Dutch Ethical Policy, which emphasised the importance of looking after the welfare of the people of the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch were tolerant of the rise and development of Indonesian society. Through this, the Dutch allowed the creation of education societies and funded its creation. Dutch educated Intelligentsias' would establish schools and education across the Dutch East Indies. Whilst the policy attempted to raise awareness among the natives of the need to break free from the shackles of the feudal system and develop along Western lines and were concerned about the native population's social and cultural conditions, it spearheaded the spread of Indonesian National Revivalism, allowing people to silently organize and articulate their objections to colonial rule.[27] The Budi Utomo was considered the first nationalist society (not party yet) in the Dutch East Indies, initiated the Indonesian National Awakening.[28] Among other political organizations were the Indo Europeesch Verbond (Indo-European Alliance) and Indonesia Arab Association. Over time organizations turned into political parties, such how Budi Utomo turned into Parindra and Sarekat Islam into Indonesian Islamic Union Party. The Indische Partij is considered the first Indonesian political party.[29] Years of campaigning by various political organizations across the Dutch East Indies eventually compelled the Dutch Government to recognize the need for concessions. As a result, on 16 December 1916, Governor-General J.P. van Limburg Stirum, in collaboration with the Dutch Minister of Colonial Affairs, Thomas Bastiaan Pleyte, sanctioned the establishment of a legislative assembly designed to represent the people of the Dutch East Indies. This assembly was named the Volksraad.[30] [31]

The Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies began when the Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies through Tarakan, Kalimantan, on 8 March 1942. By the Japanese Government, parties that were based on Indonesian nationalism and wanted to fight for Indonesian Independence were dissolved and banned from political activities on 20 March 1942.[32]

NameEstablishedDissolvedNotesIndependence Method
Indies Party
Indische Partij
IP19121913Advocated Indonesian independence.
Insulinde, or Nationaal Indische PartijNIP19131919Direct successor to the Indies Party, advocated in establishing an independent dominion for Indo people in the Dutch East Indies.[33]
Sundanese Circle of Friends
Paguyuban Pasundan
1913
1919
1942Advocated to preserve Sundanese culture by involving not only Sundanese people but all those who care about Sundanese culture and to pursue Indonesian Independence
Communist Party of Indonesia
Partai Komunis Indonesia
PKI19141966Before 1920 as the Indies Social Democratic Association (Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging).
Indies Catholic Party
Indische Katholieke Partij
IKP19171949Made as a response to the emergence of nationalist inlander movements, it represented Dutch totok Roman Catholic interests. It had close ties with its mainland counterpart, the Roman Catholic State Party.[34] Dutch Party
Christian Constitutional Party
Christenlijk Staatkundige Partei
CSP19171942Before 1929 as the Christian Ethic Party (Christelijk Ethische Partij). Advocated to make the statutes of God, as revealed in the Holy Scriptures, nature, and history, the foundation of political life in the Dutch East Indies. Also invited native Indonesians, which was rare for a Dutch-majority party at the time.[35] Precursor to Parkindo.Dutch Party
Indonesian Islamic Union Party
Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia
PSII19231973Advocated Islamic socialism.
Catholic Party
Partai Katolik
PK19231973Split from IKP. Advocated for Christian democracy for natives.[36]
Indonesian National Party
Partai Nasional Indonesia
PNI19271931The first incarnation (second in 1945) of the significant party, which advocated Indonesian independence.
Chinese Association
Chung Hwa Hui
CHH19281942Advocated Chinese rights in the Dutch East Indies.
Indonesian Party
Partai Indonesia
Partindo19311936Advocated Indonesian independence.
National Socialist Movement in the Dutch East IndiesNationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederlands-Indië19311940East Indies branch of the NSB. Most of its members were Indos.Dutch Party
Indonesian Chinese Party
Partai Tionghoa Indonesia
PTI19321942Advocated closer ties between Chinese and native Indonesians.
Indonesian Fascist Party
Partai Fasis Indonesia
PFI19331933Advocated an independent Java, led by an ethnic Javanese descendant of Sutawijaya as its constitutional monarch,[37] ruling over a federation of kingdoms across Nusantara.[38]
Great Indonesian Party
Partai Indonesia Raya
Parindra19351939National conservative party, that advocated for full political rights for Indonesians in a system of government in the Dutch East Indies.
Indonesian People's Movement
Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia
Gerindo19371942Successor to Partindo, left-wing nationalist party.
Indonesian Islamic Party
Partai Islam Indonesia
PII19381942Cooperative split from PSII.

Political parties participating in 1955 and 1971 elections

The election in 1955 was the first national election held since the end of the Indonesian National Revolution, and saw over 37 million valid votes cast in over 93 thousand polling locations, with more than 30 parties participating. Due to the numerous political parties participating in the election, the result was inconclusive, with no party receiving a clear mandate.[39] The legislature which was elected through the election would eventually be dissolved by President Sukarno in 1959, through Presidential Decree number 150. Later on, after the take over by the New Order regime, only 10 parties was allowed to participate in the 1971 legislative election.

Political parties of the New Order

Government parties

After his rise into power, President Suharto expressed his discontent regarding multiple political parties, arguing that the failure of Konstituante in 1955–1959 was caused by party deadlock — unacceptable in his regime.[59] He proposed that existing political parties unite based on their ideological essence — either spiritual (religious) or materialist (secular nationalist) — in order to cripple the resulting umbrella parties with infighting. Political parties' reaction to Suharto's propositions was generally positive, with Islamic parties claiming that party fusion was in line with their last National Islamic Congress resolution agreed in 1969. A political alliance dubbed the "Democratic Development Group" was formed by the PNI, the IPKI, Parkindo, the Murba Party, and the Catholic Party to compete in 1971 election.[60]

After 1971 election, New Order regime reiterated its call for political parties to fuse, and a MPR ordinance regulating political parties grouping issued in 1973 further pressured political parties to merge. All Islamic political parties merged to form the United Development Party (PPP) on 5 January 1973, and the remaining nationalist and non-Islamic political parties united to form the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) on 10 January 1973.[61] Golkar, officially a "federation of public organisations" but effectively a political party, remained dominant for the entirety of the New Order. From 1985, all political parties were required to declare national ideology Pancasila as their "one and only ideological basis".

The parties participated for the last time in the 1997 election, and the three-party system survived until the collapse of the New Order in 1998 Reformasi. Ensuing political liberalisation allowed establishment of multitudes of new political parties, with the number of political parties participating in 1999 election jumping substantially to 48 parties.

LogoNameEstablishedFate
Party of Functional Groups
Partai Golongan Karya
Golkar1964Active
Indonesian Democratic Party
Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
PDI1973[62] Disbanded in 2003
succeeded by PPDI
United Development Party
Partai Persatuan Pembangunan
PPP1973[63] Active

Activist parties

Prior to the end of the New Order era, there was a time where several political activists and student movements established small political parties in the early 1990s. Sensing the near fall of the New Order, the formation of these newly unregistered and unrecognized political parties was based on opposition to the New Order government and positioned themselves as the opposition and played a crucial part in the fall of the new order. The new parties then and only participated in the 1999 elections.

Whilst the New Masyumi Party predates the wave of the new opposition parties, the Indonesian Democratic Union Party (PUDI) was considered as the first genuine opposition party. As PUDI was upfront and outspoken in their political opposition as a party against the New Order regime, the first out of many.[64] At one point, fielding both presidential and vice-presidential candidates, PUDI was considered a challenger to Suharto's rule.[65] [66] Emboldened by the success of PUDI, the Democratic People's Association (PRD) organisation declared itself the People's Democratic Party (also abbreviated as PRD). On 22 July 1996, the PRD was officially declared to the public and announced its political manifesto.[67]

LogoNameEstablishedFate
League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence
IPKI1994 / 1998Non-active
Indonesian National Party – Supeni
PNI – Supeni1995 / 1998Disbanded in 2002. Merged to form Indonesian National Party Marhaenism
New Masyumi Party
1995Non-active
Indonesian Democratic Union Party
PUDI1996Non-active
People's Democratic Party
PRD 1996

Political parties in Reform era (1998–2004)

Parties participating only in 1999 elections

Following political liberalisation after the collapse of the New Order regime in 1998 Reformasi, registration for new political parties jumped significantly. As the result, the following 1999 election had 48 political parties competing for DPR seats,[68] [69] [70] compared to the previous 1997 election that saw only 2 political parties plus Golkar.

After the Reform, the PPP survived and continues to participate in all following elections after 1999, albeit with much of its membership having broken off from it and founded their own parties. Golkar too was made a proper party and exists to this day. The PDI failed to imitate the post-Suharto successes of the PPP and Golkar after the government intervened and unseated Chairman Megawati Soekarnoputri, causing PDI support to collapse in the 1997 election. PDI votes further eroded as support instead went to its breakaway Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), led by Megawati in the post-Suharto 1999 election, resulting in the party winning only two seats in contrast to the PDI-P's 153 seats. After poor electoral performance and failure to register for the 2004 election, PDI rebranded itself as the Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party (PPDI) in 2003.[71]

Several parties claimed inheritance from former political parties existing prior to the New Order era, resulting in parties sharing similar political party names, with faction names as the only characteristics that made those parties distinct from each other. Example on this case was on claimants to the heritage of the former Indonesian National Party (PNI), Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII), League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence (IPKI), Masyumi Party, and Murba Party.

Most of the parties failed to gain even a single seat due to lack of votes. After the new electoral law authorised the use of a parliamentary threshold to determine the division of DPR seats, those parties were forced to reorganise themselves in order to be able to register for the next 2004 election.[72]

Below is the list of political parties participating only in the 1999 election which failed to participate in the next 2004 election.

LogoNameEstablished
Aceh Orphans' Foundation Party
Partai Abul Yatama
PAY1999
All-Indonesia Workers' Solidarity Party
Partai Solidaritas Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia
PSPSI1998
Democratic Catholic Party
Partai Katolik Demokrat
PKD1998
Democratic Islamic Party
Partai Islam Demokrat
PID1998
Democratic National Party
Partai Nasional Demokrat
PND1998
Familial Consultative Party of Mutual Assistance
Partai Musyawarah Kekeluargaan Gotong Royong
MKGR1998
Indonesian Democratic Alliance Party
Partai Aliansi Demokrat Indonesia
PADI1998
Indonesian Democratic Union Party
Partai Uni Demokrasi Indonesia
PUDI1996
Indonesian Islamic Political Party "Masyumi"
Partai Politik Islam Indonesia "Masyumi"
1998
Indonesian Islamic Ummah Party
Partai Umat Muslimin Indonesia
PUMI1998
Indonesian Islamic Union Party
Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia
PSII1998
Indonesian Islamic Union Party 1905
Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia 1905
PSII 19051998
Indonesian Muslim Awakening Party
Partai Kebangkitan Muslim Indonesia
KAMI1998
Indonesian National Christian Party
Partai Kristen Nasional Indonesia
Krisna1998
Indonesian National Party – Marhaenist Front
Partai Nasional Indonesia – Front Marhaenis
PNI-FM1999
Indonesian National Party – Marhaen Masses
Partai Nasional Indonesia – Massa Marhaen
PNI–MM1998
Indonesian National Party – Supeni
Partai Nasional Indonesia – Supeni
PNI-Supeni1995 / 1998
Indonesian National Union Solidarity Party
Partai Solidaritas Uni Nasional Indonesia
SUNI1998
Indonesian People's Party
Partai Rakyat Indonesia
Pari1998
Indonesian Workers' Party
Partai Pekerja Indonesia
PPI1998
Islamic Ummah Party
Partai Ummat Islam
PUI1998
League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence
Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia
IPKI1994 / 1998
Love and Peace Party
Partai Cinta Damai
PCD1998
Murba Party
Partai Musyawarah Rakyat Banyak
Murba1998
National Freedom Party
Partai Kebangsaan Merdeka
PKM1998
National Love Democratic Party
Partai Demokrasi Kasih Bangsa
PDKB1998
National Party of the Indonesian Nation
Partai Nasional Bangsa Indonesia
PNBI1998
New Indonesia Party
Partai Indonesia Baru
PIB1999
New Masyumi Party
Partai Masyumi Baru
1995
People's Choice Party
Partai Pilihan Rakyat
Pilar1998
People's Sovereignty Party
Partai Daulat Rakyat
PDR1999
Justice Party
Partai Keadilan
PK1999
United Party
Partai Persatuan
PP1999
Ummah Awakening Party
Partai Kebangkitan Umat
PKU1998
Workers' Solidarity Party
Partai Solidaritas Pekerja
PSP1999
People's Democratic Party
Partai Rakyat Demokratik
PRD1996

Parties participating in 2004 and 2009 elections

After the 1999 legislative election, 150 parties were registered with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. However, after a review by the newly formed General Election Commission, this number was reduced to 50, and then to 24. This decrease from the 48 parties that ran in the 1999 legislative election was primarily due to a new election law that allowed only parties that had won 2% of DPR seats or 3% of seats in provincial and regental legislatures in half of the provinces to run in the 2004 election. Only six parties met this criterion, and the others were forced to merge or reorganize into a new party.[73]

In 2009, introduction of a parliamentary threshold also meant that only parties receiving more than 2.5% of the popular vote would be seated in the DPR.[74] This threshold was raised to 3.5% in 2014, then finally to 4% in 2017 as a way to cut election costs and ensure stability.[75] As a result small parties have no chance of surpassing the parliamentary threshold.

Below is the list of political parties participating in the 2004 and 2009 elections which failed to participate in the next 2014 election.

Name[76] [77] [78] EstablishedDissolvedContested elections
20042009
Labour Party
Partai Buruh
PB1998
As "National Labour Party"
2021
Reformed into Labour Party
Indonesian Democratic Party of Devotion
Partai Kasih Demokrasi Indonesia
PKDI19982011
Merged to form National Unity Party
Patriot Party
Partai Patriot
19982011
Merged to form National Unity Party
Ulema National Awakening Party
Partai Kebangkitan Nasional Ulama
PKNU2000s2022
Merged into People's Sovereignty Party (PKR)[79]
Archipelago Republic Party
Partai Republika Nusantara
RepublikaN20012013
Merged into Hanura[80]
Prosperous Peace Party
Partai Damai Sejahtera
PDS20012013
Merged into Hanura
Indonesian National Party Marhaenism
Partai Nasional Indonesia Marhaenisme
PNIM2002
Merger of PNI–Supeni and PNI–MM
Pioneers' Party
Partai Pelopor
PP20022011
Merged to form National Unity Party
Reform Star Party
Partai Bintang Reformasi
PBR20022011
Merged into Gerindra[81]
Regional Unity Party
Partai Persatuan Daerah
PPD20022011
Merged to form National Unity Party
New Indonesia Association Party
Partai Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru
PPIB20022012
Merged to form Concern for the Nation Functional Party[82]
Concern for the Nation Functional Party
Partai Karya Peduli Bangsa
PKPB2002
Democratic Nationhood Party
Partai Demokrasi Kebangsaan
PDK20022011
Merged to form National Unity Party[83]
Freedom Party
Partai Merdeka
PM20022011
Merged to form National Unity Party
Indonesian Unity Party
Partai Sarikat Indonesia
PSI20022005
Merged into PAN[84]
Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
Partai Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesia
PPNUI2003
Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party
Partai Penegak Demokrasi Indonesia
PPDI20032011
Merged to form National Unity Party

Political parties in post-reform era (2005 – present)

Below is the list of defunct political parties established in a period from 2005 to present.

EstablishedContested
elections
Democratic Renewal Party
Partai Demokrasi Pembaruan
PDP20052011
Merged to form National Unity Party
Sovereignty Party
Partai Kedaulatan
PK20062013
Merged into Hanura
National People's Concern Party
Partai Rakyat Peduli Nasional
PPRN20062013
Merged into Hanura
National Sun Party
Partai Matahari Bangsa
PMB20062014[85]
Functional Party of Struggle
Partai Karya Perjuangan
Pakar Pangan20072012
Merged into Democratic Party[86]
Indonesian Youth Party
Partai Pemuda Indonesia
PPI20072011
Merged to form National Unity Party
National Front Party
Partai Barisan Nasional
PBN2007
Prosperous Indonesia Party
Partai Indonesia Sejahtera
PIS2007[87] 2011
Merged to form National Unity Party
Nusantara Prosperous Party
Partai Kemakmuran Bangsa Nusantara
PKBN20112012
Merged to form Concern for the Nation Functional Party
New Indonesia National Sovereignty Party
Partai Kedaulatan Bangsa Indonesia Baru
PKBIB2012
Peace and Safe Islamic Party
Partai Islam Damai Aman
Idaman20152018
Merged into PAN[88]

Others

Indonesian integrationist parties

LogoNameEstablishedDissolvedNotes
Partai Kemerdekaan Indonesia Irian
Indonesian Irian Independence Party
PKII19461962Founded in Netherlands New Guinea, advocated integration of Western New Guinea into Indonesia.
Associação Popular Democrática Timorense
Timorese Popular Democratic Association
APODETI19742007Founded in Portuguese Timor, advocated integration of East Timor into Indonesia.

See also

References

Citations

Selected bibliography

. Feith . Herbert . Herbert Feith . The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia . 1962 . 2007 . Jakarta; Kuala Lumpur . Equinox Pub. . 978-979-3780-45-0.

. Noer . Deliar . Deliar Noer . Partai Islam di pentas nasional 1945–1965 . Islamic parties on the national stage 1945–1965 . id . Jakarta . Pustaka Utama Grafiti . 1987.

. Ricklefs . M.C. . M. C. Ricklefs . A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 . London . MacMillan . 4th . 2008 . 1981 . 978-0-230-54685-1.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: UU 2 tahun 2008 tentang Partai Politik Jogloabang. www.jogloabang.com. 2020-05-17.
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