See also: List of state leaders in the 4th century.
| Name | Capital(s) | State type | Existed | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Various | Tribal city states | 6th century BC – 16th century AD | Africa: Central | |
| Garama | Tribal confederation/empire | 500 BC – 700 AD | Africa: North | |
| Aksum | Kingdom | c.100 – c.940 AD | Africa: Northeast | |
| Tribal Kingdom | 600 BC – 8th century AD | Africa: Northeast | ||
| Kerma; Napata; Meroe | Kingdom | 1070 BC – 350 AD | Africa: Northeast | |
| Dongola | Kingdom | 340 – 1312 AD | Africa: Northeast | |
| Pachoras | Kingdom | 350 – 650 AD | Africa: Northeast | |
| Gaetulia | Tribal confederation | c. 350 BC – 550 AD | Africa: Northwest | |
| Julia Caesara | Kingdom/client kingdom | 285 BC – 431 AD | Africa: Northwest | |
| Koumbi Saleh | Empire | c. 400 – 1235 AD | Africa: West | |
| Various | Kingdom City States | 2000 BC – 900AD | Americas: Central | |
| Various | Kingdom City States | 700 BC – 1521 AD | Americas: Central | |
| Various | Tribal chiefdoms | 12th century BC – 14th century AD | Americas: North | |
| Teotihuacan | Empire | 100 BC – 8th century AD | Americas: North | |
| Moche-Trujillo | United Independent Polities | 100 – 800 AD | Americas: South | |
| Various | Tribal chiefdom's | 100 BC – 800 AD | Americas: South | |
| Tiwanaku | Empire | 300 – 1000 AD | Americas: South | |
| Constantinople | Empire | 395 – 1453 AD | Europe: Balkans, Asia: West; Africa: Northeast | |
| Tribal kingdom | 7th century BC – 4th century AD | Europe: Balkans | ||
| Principality/kingdom/client | 535 BC – 681 AD | Europe: Balkans | ||
| Clogher | Tribal federation/kingdom | 331 – 1590 AD | Europe: British Isles | |
| Tribal kingdom | 25 – 871 AD | Europe: British Isles | ||
| Tribal kingdom | 1st century – 900 AD | Europe: British Isles | ||
| Tribal chiefdom/kingdom | c. 10th century BC – 1474 AD | Europe: British Isles | ||
| Tribal kingdom | 4th century BC – 343 AD | Europe: British Isles | ||
| Isca Dumnoniorum | Dukedom/principality | 290 – 875 AD | Europe: British Isles | |
| Tribal kingdom | 1 – 850 AD | Europe: British Isles | ||
| Ivernis | Tribal federated chiefdoms | 500 BC – 400 AD | Europe: British Isles | |
| Dublin | Kingdom | 1st century – 1173 AD | Europe: British Isles | |
| Kilkenny | Kingdom | 150 – 1185 AD | Europe: British Isles | |
| Kingdom | 250 BC – 850 AD | Europe: British Isles | ||
| Panticapaeum | Kingdom/client | 480 BC – 370 AD | Europe: East | |
| Gelonos | Tribal kingdom | 5th century BC – 5th century AD | Europe: East | |
| Nomadic confederation | 1st century – 370 AD | Europe: East; Asia: Central | ||
| Tribal confederation/principality | 1100 BC – 895 AD | Europe: East | ||
| Tarki (Makhachkala) | Tribal confederation | 450BC – 400 AD | Europe: East | |
| Tribal confederation | 400 BC – 7th century AD | Europe: East | ||
| Rome, Constantinople | Empire | 27 BC – 1453 AD | Europe: South, West, Balkans, British Isles; Africa: North; Asia: West | |
| San Marino | Republic | 301 AD – present | Europe: South | |
| Kingdom | 213 AD – 496 AD | Europe: West | ||
| Kingdom/dukedom | 343 – 1532 AD | Europe: West | ||
| Various | Tribal confederation | 210 – 481 AD | Europe: West | |
| Saxons (Continental) | Tribal confederation | 5th century BC – 754 AD | Europe: West | |
| Tribal confederation | 60 BC – 409 AD | Europe: West | ||
| Tribal chiefdoms | 2nd century BC – 409 AD | Europe: West | ||
| Mediolanum, Ravenna | Empire | 395 – 476 AD | Europe: South, West, Balkans, British Isles; Africa: North | |
| Tribal Kingdom/client | 650 BC – 387 AD | Eurasian: Caucasus | ||
| Kabalak, Partav | Kingdom/client | 65 BC – 628 AD | Eurasian: Caucasus | |
| Various | Kingdom | 302 BC – 580 AD | Eurasian: Caucasus | |
| Phasis | Kingdom/client | 1st century BC – 7th century AD | Eurasian: Caucasus | |
| Arbela | Kingdom/client | 15 – 310 AD | Asia: West | |
| Van | Kingdom | 553 BC – 428AD | Asia: West | |
| Kingdom/client | 600 BC – 651 AD | Asia: West | ||
| Principality/Kingdom/client | 800 BC – 653 AD | Asia: West | ||
| Parisos | Principality/Kingdom/client | 66 – 428 AD | Asia: West | |
| Balka, Harith, Petra, Sideir | Kingdom/client | 220 – 712 AD | Asia: West | |
| Shabwah | Kingdom | 700 BC – 320 AD | Asia: West | |
| Zafar | Kingdom | 110 BC–570 AD | Asia: West | |
| Kindah | Qaryat Dhāt Kāhil | Tribal kingdom | 2nd century BC – 525 AD | Asia: West |
| Al-Hirah | Kingdom | 300 – 602 AD | Asia: West | |
| Estakhr, Ctesiphon | Empire | 224 – 637 AD | Asia: West, South | |
| Principality/client | 780 BC – 5th century AD | Asia: West | ||
| Kath | Kingdom/client | 305 – 995 AD | Asia: Central | |
| Khokand | Kingdom | 220 BC – 590 AD | Asia: Central | |
| Tribal Federation | 280 BC – 585 AD | Asia: Central | ||
| Kashgar | Kingdom/client | 80 – 850 AD | Asia: Central | |
| Khotan | Kingdom | 56 – 1006 AD | Asia: Central | |
| Kucha | Buddhist Kingdom | 46 – 658 AD | Asia: Central | |
| Confederation | 330 – 555 AD | Asia: Central, East | ||
| Tribal chiefdom/client | 1600 BC – 7th century AD | Asia: Central | ||
| Fuqi | Nomadic kingdom | 285 – 670 AD | Asia: Central | |
| Tribal federation | 320 – late 5th century AD | Asia: Central | ||
| Anuradhapura | Kingdom | 377 BC – 1017 AD | Asia: South | |
| Aykudi | Kingdom | 4th century BC – 12th century AD | Asia: South | |
| Kingdom | 5th century BC – 1102 AD | Asia: South | ||
| Pataliputra | Empire | 320 – 620 AD | Asia: South | |
| Sigal, Taxila, Mathura | Kingdom | 200 BC – 400 AD | Asia: South | |
| Various | Kingdom | 350 – 1140 AD | Asia: South | |
| Various | Empire | 30 – 375 AD | Asia: South, Central | |
| Ezhimalai | Kingdom | 3rd century BC – 4th century AD | Asia: South | |
| Kanchi | Empire | 250 BC – 800 AD | Asia: South | |
| Pundravardhana | Kingdom | 1300 BC – 550 AD | Asia: South | |
| Various | Kingdom | 377 BC – 1310 AD | Asia: South | |
| Magama | Principality | 200 BC – 450 AD | Asia: South | |
| Vatsagulma | Empire | 250 – 500 AD | Asia: South | |
| Gange | Kingdom | 1300 BC – 580 AD | Asia: South | |
| Kolar, Talakad | Kingdom | 350 – 1000 AD | Asia: South | |
| Ozone, Barygaza | Kingdom | 35 – 405 AD | Asia: South | |
| Various | Kingdom | 192 – 1832 AD | Asia: Southeast | |
| Kingdom | 100 BC – 7th century AD | Asia: Southeast | ||
| Various | Kingdom | 60 – 550 AD | Asia: Southeast | |
| Gangga Negara | Kingdom | 2nd – 11th centuries AD | Asia: Southeast | |
| Kedah, Pattani | Kingdom | 100 – 1516 AD | Asia: Southeast | |
| Jambi | Kingdom | 4th – 13th centuries AD | Asia: Southeast | |
| Sri Ksetra | Federated city states | 250 BC – 1085 AD | Asia: Southeast | |
| Sundapura | Kingdom | 358 – 669 AD | Asia: Southeast | |
| Thaton | Kingdom | 300 BC – 1085 AD | Asia: Southeast | |
| Chengdu | Kingdom | 304 – 347 AD | Asia: East, China | |
| Lüeyang | Principality | 184 – 511 AD | Asia: East, China | |
| Tribal chiefdom/dukedom | 250 – 338 AD | Asia: East, China | ||
| Lishi | Kingdom | 304 – 329 AD | Asia: East, China | |
| Shangjing | Kingdom/client | 388 – 1211 AD | Asia: East, China | |
| Jiankang | Kingdom/client | 397 – 460 AD | Asia: East, China | |
| Shengle | Empire | 386 – 585 AD | Asia: East, China | |
| Yongshicheng | Kingdom | 385 – 431 AD | Asia: East, China | |
| Various | Kingdom | 3rd century AD – present | Asia: East, Japan | |
| Various | Kingdom | 18 BC – 660 AD | Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | |
| Buyeoseong | Kingdom | 189 BC – 494 AD | Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | |
| Chiefdom | 3rd century BC – 5th century AD | Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | ||
| Gaya | Confederacy | 42 – 562 AD | Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | |
| Various | Kingdom | 37 BC – 668 AD | Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | |
| Tribal state | 2nd century BC – 5th century AD | Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | ||
| Confederacy | 1st century BC – 4th century AD | Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | ||
| Kingdom | 102 – 6th century AD | Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | ||
| Gyeongju | Kingdom | 55 BC – 935 AD | Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | |