List of poisonous fungus species explained

This is a compendium of poisonous fungi. See also mushroom poisoning.

List of toxic mushroom species

There are poisonous fungus species listed below.

!Scientific name!Common name!Active agent!Distribution!Similar edible species!Picture

Agaricus californicus	California Agaricus	phenol and xanthodermin	North America	Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus hondensis^[1]	Felt-ringed Agaricus	phenol and xanthodermin	North America	Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus menieri		phenol and xanthodermin	Europe	Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus moelleri^[2]	Inky Mushroom	phenol and xanthodermin	Europe	Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus phaeolepidotus		phenol and xanthodermin	Europe	Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus placomyces		phenol and xanthodermin	North America and Europe	Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus xanthodermus^[3]	Yellow-staining mushroom	phenol and xanthodermin^[4] ^[5]	worldwide	Edible Agaricus species
Amanita abrupta	American abrupt-bulbed Lepidella	L-2-amino-4-pentynoic acid and 2-Amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid^[6]	North America	Edible Agaricus species
Amanita aprica	Sunshine amanita	muscarine and ibotenic acid^[7] (maybe not muscarine but muscimol)	North America
Amanita bisporigera ^[8]	Eastern Destroying Angel	Amatoxins	Eastern United States
Amanita boudieri	Boudier's lepidella	A. smithiana toxin	Europe	Edible Agaricus speciesAmanita vittadinii
Amanita chlorinosma	Chlorine Lepidella		Eastern United States
Amanita citrina	False Death Cap	bufotenin^[9]	Europe and North America
Amanita cokeri	Coker's amanita	2-amino-3-cyclopropylbutanoic acid and 2-amino-5-chloro-4-pentenoic acid^[10]	North America	Amanita vittadiniiAmanita strobiliformis Edible Agaricus species
Amanita cothurnata	Booted amanita	muscimol and ibotenic acid^[11]	North America
Amanita echinocephala	European solitary amanita	A. smithiana toxin	Europe, Western Asia and North Africa	Amanita vittadiniiAmanita strobiliformis Edible Agaricus species
Amanita farinosa	Powdery Amanita	unknown	North America
Amanita flavorubescens		unknown	North America	Amanita rubescensAmanita novinupta Amanita jacksonii Amanita hemibapha
Amanita gemmata	Gemmed Amanita	muscimol and ibotenic acid^[12]	Europe, North Africa, Asia and North America
Amanita gioiosa	Pebbly Soil Amanita	unknown (probably muscimol and ibotenic acid)	Europe and North Africa
Amanita gracilior	European Slender Lepidella	A. smithiana toxin	Europe
Amanita heterochroma	Eucalyptus fly agaric	unknown (probably muscimol and ibotenic acid)	Europe and North Africa	Amanita caesarea
Amanita hongoi	Hongo's Amanita	unknown	Japan
Amanita ibotengutake	Japanese ringed-bulbed Amanita	muscimol and ibotenic acid^[13]	Japan
Amanita muscaria	Fly agaric	muscimol and ibotenic acid	Worldwide	Amanita caesareaAmanita jacksonii Amanita hemibapha
Amanita neoovoidea	East Asian egg amidella	2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid	East Asia	Amanita ovoidea
Amanita pantherina	Panther cap	muscimol and ibotenic acid	Europe, North Africa, Eastern Asia(a similar American species exist but is not published yet)	Amanita rubescens
Amanita porphyria	Grey veiled Amanita	unknown (probably bufotenin)	North America and Europe
Amanita pseudoporphyria	Hongo's false death cap	2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid	Asia
Amanita pseudoregalis	False royal fly agaric	unknown (probably muscimol and ibotenic acid)	Europe	Amanita rubescens
Amanita pseudorubescens	False blusher	unknown	Europe	Amanita rubescens
Amanita regalis	Royal fly agaric	muscimol and ibotenic acid^[14]	Europe and Alaska	Amanita rubescens
Amanita smithiana	Smith's Amanita	A. smithiana toxin and 2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid	North America
Ampulloclitocybe clavipes	Club-footed clitocybe	unknown	North America and Europe	Infundibulicybe geotropaInfundibulicybe gibba
Clathrus ruber ^[15]
Chlorophyllum molybdites	Green-spored parasol	unknown	worldwide (very rare in Europe)	Chlorophyllum rhacodesChlorophyllum olivieri Coprinus comatus
Clitocybe cerussata		muscarine^[16]	Europe	Clitopilus prunulus
Clitocybe dealbata	Ivory Funnel	muscarine^[17]	Europe	Clitopilus prunulus Marasmius oreades
Coprinopsis alopecia		coprine	Europe
Coprinopsis atramentaria	Common ink cap	coprine^[18]	North America, Europe, Asia and Australia
Coprinopsis romagnesiana	Scaly ink cap	coprine	Europe
Cortinarius bolaris		unknown	Europe
Cortinarius callisteus	Tawny Webcap	unknown	Europe	Cantharellus spp.
Cortinarius cinnabarinus		unknown	Europe	Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius cinnamomeofulvus		unknown	Europe	Craterellus tubaeformisCraterellus lutescens Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus		unknown	Europe	Craterellus tubaeformisCraterellus lutescens Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius cinnamomeus	Cinnamon webcap	unknown	North America and Europe	Craterellus tubaeformisCraterellus lutescens Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius cruentus		unknown	Europe
Cortinarius gentilis		unknown	Europe	Cantharellus spp.
Cortinarius limonius		unknown	North America and Europe	Cantharellus spp.
Cortinarius malicorius		unknown	Europe	Craterellus tubaeformisCraterellus lutescens Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius mirandus		unknown	Europe
Cortinarius palustris		unknown	Europe	Craterellus tubaeformisCraterellus lutescens Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius phoeniceus		unknown	Europe
Cortinarius rubicundulus		unknown	North America and Europe	Cantharellus spp.
Cortinarius smithii	Smith's Cortinarius	unknown	North America
Cudonia circinans		gyromitrin and monomethylhydrazine^[19]	North America, Europe and Asia	Morchella spp.Cantharellus spp.
Gyromitra perlata	Pig's ears	gyromitrin and monomethylhydrazine	North America and Europe	Disciotis venosa
Echinoderma asperum	Freckled dapperling	unknown	North America Europe, Asia and Oceania	Macrolepiota procera Chlorophyllum rhacodes
Echinoderma calcicola		unknown	Europe	Macrolepiota proceraChlorophyllum rhacodes
Entoloma albidum		unknown	North America	Calocybe gambosaClitopilus prunulus Clitocybe multiceps
Entoloma rhodopolium	Wood pinkgill	unknown	Europe and Asia	Entoloma sarcopum
Entoloma sinuatum	Livid Entoloma	unknown	North America, Europe and Asia	Calocybe gambosaClitopilus prunulus Clitocybe multiceps
Hebeloma crustuliniforme	Poison pie	unknown	North America, Europe and Australia	Calocybe gambosaClitopilus geminus Lepista irina
Hebeloma sinapizans	Rough-stalked hebeloma	unknown	North America and Europe	Calocybe gambosaClitopilus geminus Lepista irina
Helvella crispa	Elfin saddle	unknown	Europe
Helvella dryophila	Oak-loving elfin saddle	unknown	North America	Morchella spp.
Helvella lactea		unknown	North America and Europe
Helvella lacunosa	Slate grey saddle	unknown	worldwide	Morchella spp.
Helvella vespertina	Western black elfin saddle	unknown	North America	Morchella spp.
Hapalopilus nidulans	Tender nesting polypore	polyporic acid^[20]	worldwide (except South America)	Fistulina hepaticaLaetiporus sulphureus
Hypholoma fasciculare	Sulphur tuft	fasciculol E and fasciculol F^[21]	worldwide	Hypholoma capnoidesKuehneromyces mutabilis
Hypholoma lateritium	Brick cap	fasciculol B & fasciculol C^[22]	North America, Europe and Asia	Hypholoma capnoidesKuehneromyces mutabilis
Hypholoma marginatum		unknown	Europe	Hypholoma capnoidesKuehneromyces mutabilis
Hypholoma radicosum		unknown	Europe	Hypholoma capnoidesKuehneromyces mutabilis
Imperator rhodopurpureus		unknown	Europe	Neoboletus erythropusSuillellus queletii
Imperator torosus	Brawny Bolete	unknown	Europe	Neoboletus erythropusSuillellus queletii
Inocybe fibrosa		muscarine	Europe	Tricholoma columbettaCalocybe gambosa Clitopilus prunulus
Inocybe geophylla	Earthy inocybe	muscarine	North America and Europe	Clitopilus prunulusLaccaria amethystina
Inocybe hystrix		muscarine	North, Central America and Europe
Inocybe lacera	Torn fibercap	muscarine	North America and Europe
Inocybe lilacina		muscarine	North America	Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis
Inocybe sublilacina		muscarine	North America, Europe	Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalisLaccaria amethystina
Inocybe rimosa	Straw-Colored Fiber Head	muscarine^[23]	Europe and Asia	Marasmius oreades
Inocybe sambucina		muscarine	Europe	Tricholoma columbettaCalocybe gambosa Clitopilus prunulus
Lactarius torminosus	Woolly milkcap	velleral	North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa	Lactarius deliciosus
Leucocoprinus birnbaumii	Flowerpot Parasol		Eastern United States
Mycena diosma		unknown (probably puraquinonic acid)	Europe	Laccaria amethystina
Mycena pelianthina^[24]	Blackedge Bonnet		Norway
Mycena pura	Lilac bonnet	puraquinonic acid and psilocybin^[25] ^[26]	Europe	Laccaria amethystinaLaccaria laccata
Mycena rosea	Rosy bonnet	unknown (probably puraquinonic acid)	Europe	Laccaria amethystina
Neonothopanus nambi		unknown	South America
Panaeolus cinctulus	banded mottlegill	psilocybin and psilocin	North America, Europe, Africa and Australia	Marasmius oreades
Psilocybe semilanceata	Liberty cap	psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin^[27]	America, Europe, Asia and Oceania
Omphalotus illudens	Jack-O'lantern mushroom	illudin S, illudin M, and muscarine^[28]	North America and Europe	Cantharellus spp.
Omphalotus japonicus	Tsukiyotake	illudin S and illudin M^[29] ^[30] ^[31]	Asia	Pleurotus ostreatusLentinula edodes Sarcomyxa serotina
Omphalotus nidiformis	Ghost fungus	illudin S, illudin M, and illudosin^[32]	Oceania and India	Pleurotus ostreatusLentinula edodes Sarcomyxa serotina
Omphalotus olearius	Jack-O'lantern mushroom	illudin S^[33] ^[34]	Europe	Cantharellus spp.
Omphalotus olivascens	Western jack-o'-lantern mushroom	illudin S^[35]	America	Cantharellus spp.
Paralepistopsis acromelalga		acromelic acid	Japan	Paralepista flaccidaParalepista gilva
Paralepistopsis amoenolens	Paralysis funnel	acromelic acid	North Africa and Europe	Paralepista flaccidaParalepista inversa Infundibulicybe gibba
Pholiotina rugosa		amatoxins^[36]	North America, Europe and Asia
Ramaria formosa	Beautiful clavaria	unknown	North America, Europe and Asia	Ramaria botrytis
Ramaria neoformosa		unknown	Europe	Ramaria botrytis
Ramaria pallida		unknown	North America and Europe	Ramaria botrytis
Rubroboletus legaliae	Le Gal's bolete	unknown (probably boletasine and muscarine)	Europe	Neoboletus erythropusSuillellus queletii
Rubroboletus lupinus	Wolves bolete	unknown (probably boletasine and muscarine)	Europe	Neoboletus erythropusSuillellus queletii
Rubroboletus pulcherrimus		unknown	North America	Neoboletus erythropus Suillellus queletii
Rubroboletus satanas	Satan's bolete	boletasine and muscarine^[37] ^[38]	Europe	Neoboletus erythropusSuillellus queletii
Russula emetica	The sickener	lactarorufin A, methoxyfuranalcohol, and R. emetica unnamed compound^[39]	North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia	Russula aureaRussula cyanoxantha
Russula subnigricans		unknown
Sarcosphaera coronaria	Pink crown		North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia
Scleroderma citrinum	Common earthball	unknown	North America, Europe and Asia	Apioperdon pyriforme
Tricholoma equestre	Yellow knight	unknown	Europe
Tricholoma pardinum	Tiger tricholoma	unknown	North America, Europe and Asia	Tricholoma terreumTricholoma myomyces
Tricholoma muscarium		tricholomic acid and ibotenic acid^[40] ^[41]	Japan
Trogia venenata	Little white mushroom	unknown	China
Turbinellus floccosus	Woolly false chanterelle	norcaperatic acid^[42]	North America and Eastern Asia	Gomphus clavatusPolyozellus multiplex Cantharellus spp.
Turbinellus kauffmanii		norcaperatic acid	North America	Gomphus clavatusPolyozellus multiplex Cantharellus spp.

List of suspicious mushroom species

!Scientific name!Common name!Distribution!Picture

Agrocybe arenicola		Europe
Amanita albocreata	Ringless panther	North America
Amanita altipes	Yellow long-stem Amanita	China
Amanita breckonii		North America
Amanita ceciliae	Snakeskin grisette	North America and Europe
Amanita eliae	Fries's Amanita	Europe and North Africa
Amanita flavoconia	Yellow-dust Amanita	North America
Amanita frostiana	Frost's Amanita	North America
Amanita nehuta	Mahori dust Amanita	New Zealand
Amanita parcivolvata	Ringless False Fly Amanita	America
Amanita parvipantherina	Asian Small Panther Amanita	China
Amanita petalinivolva		South America
Amanita roseotincta		North America
Amanita rubrovolvata	Red volva Amanita	Asia
Amanita subfrostiana	False Frost's Amanita	China
Amanita velatipes	Veiled-Bulb Amanita	North America
Amanita viscidolutea		South America
Amanita wellsii	Wells's Amanita	North America
Amanita xanthocephala	Vermilion grisette	Australia
Armillaria mellea^[43]	Honey fungus	North America, Europe, Northern Asia and Australia
Calocera viscosa	Yellow stagshorn	North America, Europe and Asia
Chlorophyllum brunneum	Shaggy parasol	North America, Europe, Australia and Southern Africa
Choiromyces venosus		Europe
Clitocybe fragrans		Europe
Clitocybe nebularis	Clouded agaric	North America and Europe
Conocybe subovalis		Europe
Coprinellus micaceus	Mica cap	worldwide
Lactarius chrysorrheus	Yellowdrop milkcap	North America, Europe and North Africa
Lactarius helvus	Fenugreek milkcap	Europe and Asia
Lepiota cristata	Stinking dapperling	North America, Europe, Northern Africa, Northern Asia and New Zealand
Marasmius collinus		Europe
Russula olivacea		North America, Europe and Asia
Russula viscida		Europe
Schizophyllum commune		worldwide
Stropharia aeruginosa	Verdigris agaric	North America and Europe
Suillus granulatus	Weeping bolete	worldwide
Tricholoma sulphureum	Gas agaric	Europe and North America

See also

• List of deadly fungi
• List of poisonous animals
• List of poisonous plants
• Mushroom poisoning
• Mycotoxicology
• Mycotoxin

Notes and References

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3. Gonmori. Kunio. Fujita. Hiroki. Yokoyama. Kazumasa. Watanabe. Kanako. Suzuki. Osamu. July 2011. Mushroom toxins: a forensic toxicological review. Forensic Toxicology. en. 29. 2. 85–94. 10.1007/s11419-011-0115-4. 44060144. 1860-8965.
4. Gill. Melvyn. Strauch. Richard J.. 1984-12-01. Constituents of Agaricus xanthodermus Genevier: The First Naturally Endogenous Azo Compound and Toxic Phenolic Metabolites. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. en. 39. 11–12. 1027–1029. 10.1515/znc-1984-11-1203. 6543409. 23869187. 1865-7125. free.
5. Web site: Karbolegerling (Agaricus xanthoderma) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com. Bös. Dr. B.. giftpflanzen.com. 2017-12-09.
6. Kirchmair. M.. Carrilho. P.. Pfab. R.. Haberl. B.. Felgueiras. J.. Carvalho. F.. Cardoso. J.. Melo. I.. Vinhas. J.. 2012-04-01. Amanita poisonings resulting in acute, reversible renal failure: new cases, new toxic Amanita mushrooms. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. en. 27. 4. 1380–1386. 10.1093/ndt/gfr511. 21965588. 0931-0509. free.
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9. Web site: Gelber Knollenblätterpilz (Amanita citrina) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com. Bös. Dr. B.. giftpflanzen.com. 2017-12-09.
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